Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016 https://archive.org/details/gardenmagazine21unse THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Devoted to Planting and Managing the Grounds About the Home and to the Cultivation of Fruits, Vegetables and Flowers Volume XXI February, 1915, to July, 1915 GARDEN CITY NEW YORK DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY 1915 I * \ ^ ,A<oSl VolZl-TL INDEX TO THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Volume XXI — February, 1915, to July, 1915 Copyrighted, 1915, by'DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO. The asterisk (*) signifies that the subject is illuslraled Accessories for Anybody’s Garden, 290.* Adams, H. S., article by, 205. J. Mortimer, article and photo- graph by, 100. Alaskan Flower Garden, An, 38.* Alfalfa, cutting, 10. “Alpine” House, The, 87.* Anemone, St. Brigid, 102. Angell, H. E., photograph by, 294. Annuals for Late Bloom, 238. Anthfacnose on Blackberries, 10. peonies, 213.* Aphis, black, on nasturtiums, 196. Apple, The Opalescent 52. Apples, Choice Summer, 262.* Dwarf, for the Home Garden, 85.* for Pennsylvania, 35. varieties to grow, 104. Ashes, fertilizing value of, 10. hardwood, 244. Asparagus, cutting, 244. Aster trouble, 34. Asters grown under cloth, 100.* Lice on, 34. Avenel, John, article by, 87. Babcock, E. B., photographs by, 210, 2T 1. Baldwin, S. Prentiss, article by, 54. Barberry, Pruning, 68. Barron, Leonard, article by, 154. Baskets, Hanging, for Porch and Window, 289.* Bastin, S. Leonard, articles by, 112, 289. photographs by, 86, 289. Bean, 80.* Beet, 80.* Begonia, new, 77.* Begonias, Tuberous, from Seed, 48.* Bellflower, peach-leaved, 118.* Berberis Sinensis, 216. Bird bath, 290,* 291.* Black Disease on Delphiniums, 264. Blackberries, varieties to grow, 106. Blackberry, anthracnose on, 10. Blanchard, W. C., article and photo- graphs by, 38. Blue flowers, 196. prints, garden plans, 13, 16, 17, 20, 21, 24, 25. B. McG., article by, 264. Book Reviews, 274. Border, herbaceous, plans for, 16, 17. Borders, planting plans for succession of bloom in herbaceous, 15 1, 132, IS3-. Botrytis disease on peonies, 212.* Bridge graft, new way to, 130. Bud blight on peonies, 212.* Budding, 68. Buddleia, April cover, 134,* 153.* Bugs of Spring, War on the, 91.* Bulb bed, lime on, 68. manure on, 10. plantings, permanent, 196. Bulbs, narcissus, increasing, 10. spring, planted in winter, 10. Burdock, 267.* Calliopsis and Cassia, 124. Canna, propagating, 165. Carnations, March cover, new, 79.* Carter, Mrs. C. Shirley, article by, 297. Cassia and Calliopsis, 124. Cattleya, May cover. Queen of the Belgians, 236, and May cover. Cauliflower, aiding to head, 217. Cheesecloth protection, 88.* Cherry, varieties to grow, 106. Chrysanthemum Records, New, 133. Clark, F. L., article by, 292. Harold, articles by, 33, 248, 298. Club and Society News, 34, 128, 188, 234, 268,* 297. Conard, Henry S., article and photo- graph by, 34. Consider the Lilies, 283.* Corn, 80.* Cover crops in fruit garden, 288. Crabapples, varieties to grow, 104. Cultivation by trowel, 252.* in home fruit garden, 283. Currants, varieties to grow, 106. Cuttings, when to plant, 244. Cypripedium indoors, 217.* Dahlias, grafting, 163.* how not to plant, 34. not blooming, reasons for, 89, 166. Damp places, plants for, 10. Dandelion, 267.* Dasheens Grown on Long Island, 178.* Davenport, Gertrude C., article by, 178. Dean, Ruth, articles and plans by, 90. 136, 209, 261, 293. Delphinium Black Disease, 264. Dendrobium, new, 79.* Doogue, L. J., article and photo- graphs by, 126. Dooryard Garden, plan for, 90. Duffy, A. W., article and photo- graphs by, 1 16. Duncan, Frances, story by, 93, 167, 221, 266. Dunlap, Orrin E., photograph by, 208. Dyer, Walter A., article by, 52. Dynamite digging, 68. Eldredge, A. G., article by, 163. photographs by, 26, 130, 163, 203, 206, 232, 290. Elm, The Globe-Headed, 120.* Endive, French, for forcing, 166.* Engine, hot air, for pumping, 294.* English Rockeries, 30. Evergreens as a Screen on a Hillside Site, 23.* rapidity of growth, 68. Farrington, E. I., articles by, 86, 166. photographs by, 166, 293. Fedder, Raymond L., article and photograph by, 217. Fern, new, 77.* Ferns as vegetable, 33. Fertilizer, commercial, 244. in small fruit garden, 288. Fertilizing the Garden, 264. F. H., article and photograph by, 120. Fighting F rost with Water and Smoke, 162.* Finding the Shrub to Fit the Place, T57- Flower Show, Triumphs of the Spring, 218,* 219.* Flowers, shipping cut, 68. Forcing, French endive, 166.* Formal Garden for Fragrance, plan for, 20. Fragrance, Formal Garden for, 19. Fraser, Samuel, article and photo- graphs by, 85. Frost, protection against, 162.* Fruit for Every Man’s Garden, 104. Fruit Garden in Summer, The Home, 286.* in the Fruit Garden, Getting, 207.* trees, grafting, 86.* Gall, root or crown, on raspberries, 244- Garden Clubs in the United States, 188, 234, 268, 297. of America, Baltimore Meeting of, 297. variety tests in, 54. Fertilizing, 264. plans, blue prints of, 13, 16, 17, 20, 21, 24, 23. seat, 290,* 292.* Gardening for Young Folks, 92,* 164,* 220,* 267.* Gazing globes, 196, 290.* Geranium, 27.* Gibson, Mary L., article and photo- graph by, 265. Gilkey, H. E., article by, 210. Gladiolus, how not to plant, 34. new, 77.* Gob for mulching, 34. Gooseberries, varieties to grow, 106. Grafting dahlias, 163.* for the Amateur, 112.* Fruit Trees Made Easy, 86.* Lilac on Privet, 136. Grape leaf hopper, 298. Grapes, varieties to grow, 106. Graves, N. R., photographs by 15, 50, 82, 89, 118, 211, 286, 287. Gray, William, article by, 28. Greenhouse for alpine plants, 87.* Proper Glass for, 68. Ground Covers, Plants for, 114. Hamblin, Stephen F., article and plans by, 19. Hardy Perennials for Landscape Use, 32. Haxton, Fred, article and photograph by, 40. Hay, salt, 10. Hedrick, U. P., article and photo- graphs by, 262. Hemerocallis, 108.* Hills of Snow, Green, 216. Holly, Japanese, 88. Hollyhock disease, 68. Hydrangea, French hybrid, 77.* Ilex crenata, 88. International Garden Club, The, 268.* Irrigation, overhead, for the small garden, 238.* Jenkins, W. H., article by, 224. Johnson, E. S., articles by, 106, 124. Jones, Charles, photographs by, 27, 29. Donald F., article by, no. Kerr, G. W., photograph by, 29. Kimball, W. S., photographs by, April cover, 155. Knotweed in lawns, 10. Kruhm, Adolph, articles by, 56, 80. photographs by, 80, 81. Lady slipper indoors, 217.* “Landscape Extension” in the Mid- dle West, 42. Landscaping of Peridot, The, 12.* Laughlin, E. V., article by, 264. Leaf blotch on peonies, 213.* Leible, F. C., charts by, 151, 132, 153- Lettuce, 81.* Lice on, 34. Levick, Edwin, photographs by, 218, 219. Lice on Asters, 34. Lettuce, 34. Lilies, history of, 283.* How Everybody Can Have, 210.* Lily pond, 216.* Lime and strawberries, 163. for roses, 196. on sour soil, 10. the bulb bed, 68. Loring and Leland, article by, 290. Loveless, Alfred J., article by, 217. McCollom, W. C., article by, 48. McFarland, J. H., photographs by, 79, 210. Manure, Hen, Preservation of, 248. on Bulb Bed, 10. poultry, 10. Mattern, J. R., articles by, 26, 207, 286. plan by, 25. Miller, C. H., photograph by, 294. Wilhelm, article by, 42. Miltonia, New, 77.* Monkshood from seed, 136. Month’s Reminder, The 27, 73, 147, 203, 251, 296. Moran, N. M., article by, iso. Morrison, B. Y., article by, 13. plans by, 16. Mosaic disease on peonies, 213.* Mulching, gob for, 34. home fruit garden in summer, 286 Narcissus, double white poet’s, 165. Nasturtiums, black aphis on, 196. Nitrate of soda, 244. Nolte, Fhineas, article by, 248. Northend, M. H., article by, 216. O’Kane, W. C., photographs by, 91 Onion, 81.* Orchard, grass or clover in, 196. smudge in the, 162. Orchards, The Waiting Game in, 292. Paper Pots. 68. Partnership Garden planting plans for, 156. Patterson, J. M., articles by, 4, 96, 174, 230, 272, 298. Pea, 80.* Peach, varieties to grow, 104. Pear Tree Psylla, The, 248. Pears, varieties to grow, 104. Peas from June 7th to July 5th, 170. Garden, Supports for, 238. planting table, 88. Pennsylvania, Apples for, 35. Peonies, diseases of, 213.* best pink, white and red, 182. in Health, Keeping, 212.* Pepper, J. FL, article by, 77. photographs by, 28, cover design, March. Perennials for the Wild Garden, A Hundred Native, 214.* hardy, planting table of, 32. Peridot, The Landscaping of, 12.* Phillips, Wm. Q., article by, 165. Pierson, W. R., article and photo- graph by, 190. Plan for a square corner lot, 209. seven-acre country place, 261. suburban garden, 295. INDEX TO GARDEN MAGAZINE Hanning a Fruit Garden to Fit, 26.* Feature Gardens for Special Effects, 19- Plant “booster” of cheesecloth, 88.* Planting a Border for the Indian Summer, 17. and Shaping Young Trees, 160.* plan, entrance, 21. evergreens, 24. for dooryard garden, 90. succession of bloom in her- baceous borders, 15 1, 152, 153- formal garden, 20. fruit gardens, 25. garden dwarf shrubs, 24. herbaceous border, 16. late flowering border, 17. partnership garden, 156. rose garden, 20. 25-acre plot, 13. table, flower seed, 31. for the Vegetable Garden, 30. hardy perennials, 32. native perennials, 214.* shrubs, 157. vegetables for five, 81. the Herbaceous Borders for Suc- cession of Boom, 151. Plants, Dirt Bands for Starting, 216. for damp places, 10. poor soil, 265.* shady places, 155. Plums, Japanese and Domestica, 244. varieties to grow, 106. Polk, Lucy B., article by, 166. Poor soil, planting for, 265.* Porch, hanging baskets for, 289.* H. N., photographs by, 27, 202 Potash, substitute for, 136. Potato seed, 34. Pots, paper, 68. Poultry manure, 196. Practical Plans for the Home Grounds, 90,* 156, 209,* 261,* 295.* Primulas, The Charming Hardy, 205.* Privet, Amoor River, 68. Propagating lilies, 210.* the canna, 165. Protecting plants from frost, 162.* Pruning barberry, 68. bush fruits, 27.* fruit tree, 287. roses, 226. spring, 161. Radishes, making soil for, 35. Ram, automatic, 257,* 294.* Ramsdell, W., article by, 162. Ranunculus, Persian, 102. Raspberries, root or crown gall of, 244- varieties to grow, 106. Rawley, Mrs. John, article by, 124. Rhubarb, forcing in winter, 34.* Richardson, Mary T., article by, 238. Richie, W. H., article and plan by, 23. planting tables by, 32, 137. Roberta of Roseberry Gardens, 93, 167, 221, 266. Robinson, Effie M., articles by, 122, 184. Geo. L., articles by, 257, 293. Rockeries, English, 50. Rockwell, F. F., articles by, 6, 83, 228, 258. photographs by, 149. planting table by, 31. Rollins, E. R., photographs by, 83, 84, 259, 260. Root gall on peonies, 213.* Rosa xanthina, 292. Rose Bug Routed at Last, The, 224. garden, plan for, 20. Starting a, 150.* June cover. Society’s Trial Garden, The, 48. The Story of the Modern, 253.* Roses, ensuring success with, 126. fence of, 166. lime for. 196. new, 78,* 79. Pruning and Feeding, 226. Show, Producing, 190.* varieties of, 124. Rutledge, Archibald, articles by, 82, 162, 238, 264. photograph by, 82. Rutter, Fred, photograph by, 287. Saunders, A. P., article by, 182. Seakale, 27.* Seashore gardening, 34. Seed-drills and Wheel-hoes, About, 83.*. Sowing Table for the Flower Gar- den, 31. tuberous begonias from, 48.* Seedlings, spindly growth, 244. Shady Strip, What Shall We Do With the, 155. Shaping young trees, 160.* Shaw, Ellen Eddy, articles by, 92, 164, 220, 267. Shrubbery, 159.* Sinclair, Gladys H., article by, 15. Smalley, F. R., photograph by, 255. Snapdragon, new, 77.* Soil, Making Garden, 264. Mixing Explained, 116.* planting for poor, 265.* Sorrel, winter, 217. Southerners’ Reminder, 4, 96, 174, 230, 272, 298. Spirea, hedge of, 159.* Spraying, 207.* 208.* Spring, Florence, article by, 108. work, photographs of, 149. Stapleton, Leila B., article and photo- graph by, 216. Steele, Fletcher, articles by, 12. plan by, 13. Stone, Pitt, article by, 120. Strawberries, 196. and lime, 165. Enemies that Attack, 216. Strawberry Seedlings, Starting, 217. The Lure of the, 82.* Sturtevant, Robert S., article by, 17. Suggestions for the Home Table, 46, 122, 184. Sumach, Venetian, no.* Sundial, 290.* setting properly, 196. Sunflower, A Tall, Brilliant Red, Annual, 217.* Sweet Peas, Growing Exhibition Quality, 28.* when to plant, 244. Taylor, Norman, planting table by, 214. Thistle, 267.* Three-Tier Herbaceous Border, A, IS-* Tillage in home fruit garden, 286. Tithonia, 217.* Tomato, 81.* Tools, Buying and Keeping, 6. feminine, 96. seed-drills and wheel-hoes, 83.* special garden, 228. Transplanting fruit bushes 136. Tree label, 40.* Trees, Young, Planting and Shaping, 160.* Troth, H., photographs by, 26, 83, 88. Trowel cultivation, 252.* Urn, cement, 292.* Van Gelder, A., article by, 114. Vegetable garden, how to commence, 13G Making Plans for, 56. planting tables for, 30. starting, 244. Vegetables grown by a time table, 80.* spring frosts among, 162. Wallis, E. J., photograph by, 285. Water for the Garden and Home, 293.* lily, new winter-blooming, 79.* Supply, The Suburban, 257.* tower, 257.* Weed, Clarence M., article by, 217. Weeds, common, 267.* Well head, concrete, 293.* W. H. E., article by, 96. Wheel-hoes, 83.* Whetzel, H. H., article by, 212. photographs by, 212, 213. Whitten, J. C., article and photo- graphs by, 160. W. H. S., article and photographs by, 163- Wild gardens, 100 native perennials for, 214. Wilkinson, A. E., planting tables by, 30, 104. Wilson, E. H., articles by, 253, 283. H. E., article by, 88, 170. Windmill, 257.* Window garden, novel, 166. Wolcott, Eleanor L., article by, 50. Youngs, Mary, articles by, 188, 234, 268, 297. Yucca, dividing, 10. 15 Cents a Copy FEBRUARY, 1915 iiT in <ni.ii' <rgBi Hi XXI, No. 1 lO’ANNIVERSARY NUMBER. CARDEN PLANNING MANUAL ffluepmffiatiting^Bans m m 44% I Rose Garden Shrub Garden Fruit Garden Entrance Screens Perennial Borders A Formal Garden for Fragrance m i 9- A |4% 1 %r § 91 COUNTRY LIFE IN AMERICA DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO. Chicago GARDE N'CITY, N.Y. New York THE WORLD’S WORK Seedsmen By Appointment. To His Majesty King George V. Make your Beds and Borders a blaze of glorious colour during the Summer months by sowing SUTTON’S Charming ANNUALS EASILY GROWN FROM SEED Per Packet 24c 12c . 24c Sutton’s Large Flowered Salpiglossis Blooms of this lovely Annual were included in our Exhibit at the last Great Chelsea Show and were much admired by Her Majesty Queen Alexandra who graciously accepted a spray from our senior partner. CLARKIA ELEGANS Per Packet Sutton’s Firefly 24c Sutton’s Double Salmon 12c DIMORPHOTHECA Aurantiaca 24c ESCHSCHOLTZIA Sutton’s Ruby King 24c Sutton’s Rosy Queen 12c GODETIA Sutton’s Double Rose .... 24c LARKSPUR Sutton’s Stock-flowered, Rosy Scarlet 24c LAVATERA Rosea Splendens 24c MIGNONETTE Sutton’s Giant 24c NASTURTIUM (Dwarf) Sutton’s Salmon Pink 24c NEMESIA Sutton’s large-flowered mixed 36c NIGELLA Miss Jekyll 24c POPPY Sutton’s Selected Shirley, mixed 24c SALPIGLOSSIS (Illustrated) Sutton’s Large- flowered mixed . . 24c Collection of the 17 varieties named for $3 All Flower Seeds value $ 2.50 post free to America Full particulars of the best varieties of Flower Seeds, Vegetable Seeds, etc., will be found in Sutton’s New Garden Seed Catalog Beautifully Illustrated Post free 35 cents, which will be refunded on receipt of an order amounting to not less than $5. If you have not received a copy write at once to SUTTON & SONS The King’s Seedsmen Reading England or to Messrs. WINTER, SON & COMPANY 62 Wall Street, New York Sole Agents for Sutton & Sons in the United States, east of the Rocky Mountains ; with whom is associated Mr. H. S. COLT, the famous Golf Course Architect. CHRYSANTHEMUM. (Summer Flowering) Sutton’s Eastern Star .... Sutton’s Morning Star CANDYTUFT Sutton’s Improved White Spiral .... February, 1915 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 1 Centaurea Imperials Farquhar’s Flower Seeds Are Universally Recognized for Quality R. & J. FARQUHAR & CO. 9 So. Market Street Boston, Mass. Our personal acquaintance with the leading specialists in the Horticultural World places us in a position to obtain the best the market affords. We aim to supply only seeds of the highest vitality and uniform quality. Centaurea Imperialis (Giant Cornflower) This charming annual is very popular for summer bedding and cutting. The handsome, fragrant blossoms are invaluable for table decoration. Collection of 8 varieties, 50 cents. Eschscholtzia ( California Poppy) Farquhar’s Special Mixture. Including all the new shades. Packet .10; j oz. .50. A complimentary copy of our Garden Annual for 1915 mailed on request. Your Generous Response to our request for the names and addresses of our old custom- ers that were lost when our office was destroyed in November has been most gratifying. With the exception of a few rare varieties of Gladioli that were destroyed in the fire, we shall be able to supply our customers as usual. Our 1915 Catalogue is now ready M ay we send you a copy? B. Hammond Tracy Box 27, Wenham, Mass. for 1915 is, as usual, the brightest, most beautiful and helpful rose catalog pub- lished. And this year it tells you in delightful vein, what happened to the office goat when his diet was changed from “kicks” to testimonials. It also contains a colored photo of the goat, taken after the trans- formation. Mailed to intending purchasers, on re- quest; to anyone, on receipt of 10 cents (to assure appreciation) in coin or stamps. GEORGE H. PETERSON Rose and Peony Box 50 Specialist Fair Lawn, N. J. If you wish to systematize your business the Readers’ Service may be able to offer suggestions THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Wouldn’t You Rather Live on the Side of the Street that Moons’ Trees Are On? II This street in Philadelphia is planted with shade trees from Moons’ Nurseries. The usual bareness and sunny glare have vanished on the tree side; houses there will rent for more and tenants stay longer, f It pays to plant trees — in money returns as well as in the pleasure one gets from their shade and beauty. If Moons’ trees have a vigor of growth and shapeliness of form that make them look well and trans- plant well. There is a wide range of sizes, and varieties'for Every Place and Purpose. IfApril is the month for planting shade trees, but arrangements for their purchase should be made now. Send for catalog that describes and lists Moons’ Trees as well as other Hardy Nursery Stock for Spring planting. THE WILLIAM H. MOON PHILADELPHIA OFFICE: Room B, 21 S. 12th’ Street COMPANY Makefield Terrace, MORRISVILLE, PA. A noble group of hardy plants that send up graceful spikes, six to ten feet high, with terminal flowerspikes of great beauty, from two to four feet long, bearing hundreds of flowers. The most lovely July flowering va- rieties. We highly recommend them as being not only among the most beautiful but the most robust and free flowering of plants. They increase most rapidly and thrive under most any condition, the colors are the most delightful soft shades of pink and white that harmonize so beautifully with many of the paler shades in the herbaceous border during July. Extra Heavy Clumps to bloom this July, $3.00. Send for catalogues JOHN SCHEEPERS & CO., Inc., High Class Bulbs Exclusively, 2 Stone Street, New York The advertising pages of The Garden Magazine are as interesting as the text. The text pages tell you how to do things, when to do things and with what — the advertising pages tell you where to buy these things. How can we better serve you in these advertising pages ? We welcome suggestions from our readers as to offer- ings they desire to have placed before them and will as well welcome constructive criticism of the advertis- ing as it now appears. If you have a suggestion be so kind as to let us have it. We will thank you. The advertiser who uses these pages has confidence in The Garden Magazine’s business-producing power and the only way he has of knowing that the adver- tising in these pages interests you is by your mention- ing The Garden Magazine in your response. — The Ad Man. Eremurus - El wesianus The Readers’ Service will give information about automobiles CONSTANT CULTIVATION FOR CROP INSURANCE In Your Orchard Light Powerful The Universal Motor Cultivator Equipped with Extra Set of Wide Tires for Work in Soft Meadows or Muck Land THE ideal tool for orchard cultivation. With one of these tools the boys can keep the ground stirred in the orchards, preserving the moisture in the ground for the tree roots and increasing the yield enough to pay for the machine in a short time. The Only Motor Cultivator The Universal is developed from the light, mod- ern automobile rather than the heavy, crushing traction engine. It is ready to do any kind of light field work and makes an ideal power plant for stationary jobs. It does not matter what kind of a farmer you are, nor whether your chief crop is corn, tobacco, cotton, fruit or small truck, cultivation is your problem. The big tractor with its crushing weight and its high cost of operation will not answer your problem. You plow the land once or twice a year but if you want crop insurance you cultivate almost constantly. hfnltivatpc corn‘ cotton, potatoes, kaffir, VUlUVaicS sorghum, sugar cane, federita, tobacco, tomatoes, garden truck, orchards, vine- yards, etc. If Pnllc mower, rake. spike tooth harrow, drag, * Ullb rollers, small dfok harrow, cultivators of various kinds, weeders, etc. hPlanf « corn’ cotton, sorghum, alfalfa, pota- 1 IdlUS toes, garden truck , c over, etc. hrj ^ i. pump, wood saw, feed grinder, v/pcralc5 corn sheller, washing machine, churn, electric light plant, or any other light ap- pliance of the modern farm. Strength for the Work Only the toughest heat tested drop forgings of alloy steel are used. All crank and cam shaft bearings made of special bronze. All working parts enclosed in oil-tight houses. The “V” type, two-cylinder, water-cooled motor has 35 in. bore and 5 in. stroke, automatic plunder pump lubrication, thermosiphon radiator, Holley Carburetor, Atwater-Kent Ignition, automatic governor controlled from the seat while machine is in motion, worm drive running in oil bath, expand- ing ring clutch, one speed forward and reverse, gear ratio 55 to 1, weight 1,000 lbs., speed 1 to 4. miles per hour, motor developing 10 h. p. on brake test, pulling horse power equal to team medium size horses. Prepare for Cultivating Season by Investigating at Once THE UNIVERSAL TRACTOR MFG. CO. 2035 South High Street Columbus, Ohio SEND FOR THE BOOK DON’T miss this opportunity to get posted on the latest and best ,farm equipment. Remember that the Uni- versal can work faster than a team and work constantly. Now is the time to get posted. The de- mand for these machines is so universal that they will sell rapidly. Already orders are pouring in from all over America. If you are a farmer, you want the book giving details of construction and showing the machine at work in the fields. If you are an orchardist, you want to know about this opportunity for a better and more economic orchard cultivation. THE UNIVERSAL TRACTOR MFG. CO. 2035 South High St. Columbus, Ohio f. o. b. Columbus, Ohio t Spray Your Garden Hardie Sprayers will protect your tree shrubs, vegetables, and flowers and help them grow faster. The one shown here is just right for the small country place. We make all sizes and styles of bucket, barrel and power sprayers. Hardie Sprayers are used in the largest orchards in America and the big agricultural experiment stations. Wheel Outfit The growers using them are the most successful because they get the High Pressure so necessary for successful work. Send postal for free catalog and free book with full directions for spraying and formula. THE HARDIE MFG. CO. Hudson, Mich. One Barrel of ”S c eJ e c i d e” “Scalecide” has greater invigorating effect on your orchard— kills more scale, eggs and larvae of insects with half the labor to apply. We can back up this statement with facts concerning the Good Results from Using “SC ALEC IDE Send for our illustrated booklet — “Proof of The Pudding”. Tells how “Scalecide” will positively destroy San Jose and Cottony Maple Scale, Pear Psylla, Leaf Roller, etc., without injury to the trees. Write today for this FREE book and also our booklet — "Spraying Simplified”. Learn the dollars and cents value of “Scalecide, The Tree Saver.” Our Service Department can furnish everything you need for the orchard at prices which save you money. Tell us your needs. B. G. PRATT CO. M’f’g Chemists Dept. I 50 Church Street, New York Trees, a.s Three Barrels me Sulfu The Readers' Service is prepared to advise parents in regard to schools 4 THE GARDEN M A G A Z I N E February, 1 9 1 .5 LET the example of 300,000 housewives, vegetable . growers, fruit growers, farmers, be your guide in getting a bigger quantity of better quality fruit, vegetables, flowers, this year. Write for the book that will show you why Government Experiment Stations use and recommend Brown’s Auto Sprays — and endorse their ?iew, thorough way of spraying. Brown’s Auto Sprays and patented nozzles work quicker, easier, give greater results with great saving of solution. Rid your fields, gardens, orchards and shrubbery of blight, disease and insects that cut down quality and quantity of yields, destroy plant life and kill trees. Make every plant, shrub and tree strong, healthy — a big producer. The Brown’s Auto Spray here pictured is a Brown’s Auto Spray No. 1 — 4 gal. capacity — hand power with Brown’s Patent Auto-Pop Nozzle that throws every kind of spray, from mistlike spray to powerful stream. Easy to carry it over shoulder. Needs least pumping. With one No. 1 a boy can outwork 3 men with ordinary outfits. See it at your dealer’s. FREE \\ § I We make 40 styles of sprays — prices from \\ | I 50 cents to $300.00. Both hand and power Lju! J outfits for all purposes. Write for complete catalog — and spraying guide | Non-Clog tV Atomic Nozzle — used on large sprayers —is the greatest saver of time, labor and solution ever in- vented. Si mply c anno t clog. In stantly adjustable from mistlike spray to strong, drenching stream — actually four nozzles in one. Absolutely self-cleaning. So supe- rior that one dealer alone has sold ‘ \ over 50U0 of this one style of nozzle. A ‘■CP/P-, Send postal now for valuable Spray- ing Guide — and for prices. The E. C. Brown Co. 850 Maple St. Rochester, N. Y. It isn't a SPRAMOTOR unless we made it Spramotors in every class have demonstrated their superiority over all other spraying outfits. We make them in many styles and sizes from a few dollars up to $350, every machine guaranteed. -p) i-^ T”> Send letter stating your spraying needs and p p H we will mail a copy of our valuable book on * i “CROP DISEASES” free and without obli- gating you in the least. HEARD SPRAMOTOR CO. 330 Erie Street Buffalo, N. Y. Start Seeds in Hotbeds in the South FOR a family of six or eight a hotbed measuring 6 x 6 ft. is amply large, and will require two sashes of regulation size 3x6 ft. Now is the time to make it. Dig a square hole six feet by six feet, and two feet deep and throw the dirt on the north or back side of hole. Of good stout lumber one inch thick and one foot wide cut fourteen pieces six feet in length. Saw one of these pieces in naif with a long sloping cut from the upper left hand corner to the lower right hand corner. Have two posts four feet long and two three feet long and three inches in diameter and sharpened at one end. Make a bottomless box of these planks three planks deep and fit it in the square hole. Put a fourth plank on the back or north side of hotbed, drive the posts close in the corners, the tall ones at the back and the short ones in the front. Nail the two half planks on the sides of the hotbed the wide end at the back. This makes a sloping top toward the south and when the two sashes are put on it catches more sunlight. Bank the dirt close to back and sides and pack down tight. Fill the hotbed with fresh manure and pack down tight. Put over this four inches of good garden loam finely pulverized; put the sashes on close and leave this for a week. Have a thermometer stuck partly in the soil inside the frame. The mercury will rise for the first few days. Wait until it drops to 70 degrees and then the seeds can be sown, but before doing so, rake over the soil carefully to destroy any weeds that may have come up. Half of the frame can be used for flower seeds and the other half for vegetable seed. Sow a package each of Spark’s Earliana and the New Stone tomato. The former is very early and the latter is good for main crop and later. Sow one package of Black Beauty eggplant, also one package each of Chinese Giant sweet pepper and either the long Red Cayenne or the Red Cherry hot pepper. Both are useful for pickles and catsups Sow the seed in rows three inches apart, with just enough soil to cover them, and press down smooth and firm with a small plank. Flowers that should get an early start by sowing in hotbeds now are the single dahlias, snapdragon, giant heliotrope, chrysanthemum, salvia, delphin- ium, gaillardia, nasturtium, pentstemon, platycodon, pyrethrum, stock, wallflower. After sowing the seed water with a very fine spray; and always water in the morning. If too damp or close the plants will be tall and weak and very likely “damp off.” Make stocky plants by lifting the sashes a little every day. When the plants have a few leaves prick out and transplant four inches apart in a coldframe which has been filled with a good mellow soil. Transplant some of the seedlings into 3-inch pots and sink the pots into the soft soil of a coldframe up to the rim of the pot. Transplant into larger pots later. Sow a few canteloupe, cucumber, and squash seed in 5-inch pots and sink them in the hotbed. The bottom heat will force them and they will be ready to plant out in the open at the same time the seeds are usually planted. The fall numbers of The Garden Magazine advise making a compost heap to be used on the garden later. It should now be spread liberally on the land. Lime should be spread broadcast now and as soon as possible, if it was not done in the fall, at least ten days before any manure is spread. Thoroughly plow in the lime and plow again when the manure is spread, this time crosswise. Strawberries and potatoes. I have found, grow better in slightly sour land, so leave off the lime where they are to be planted. If the ground is not too wet and the weather permits, sow English peas every two weeks and make successive plantings until June. The latter part of the month beets and radishes can be sown together in rows. The radishes will come off before the beets need the ground. In the Tidewater Section plant early Irish pota- toes. The Irish Cobbler is a good variety. Cut the sets in chunky pieces with one or two eyes and as a safeguard against scab soak them in a solution of formalin in the proportion of a pint to fifteen gallons of water two hours before planting. Be careful with this as it is poisonous. The Readers' Service will give information about the latest automobile accessories February, 1915 T II E G A R 1) E N M A G A Z I N E .) Don’t take chances on having your handsome flowers destroyed. They will have an attractive setting and lose none of their beauty by being enclosed with Bed Guards. Appropriate for use wherever flowers are grown and for bed or lawn of any size or shape. They need no painting— their silver color harmonizes with the flowers. Heavy galvanizing makes them last for years. Other Excelsior Rust Proof products are Trellises , Trellis Arches , Tree Guards . Write direct for Catalog B. WRIGHT WIRE COMPANY. Worcester. Mass. The Morrill A Morley Way The ECLIPSE Spray Pump has been in service *20 years. Durable, efficient, economical. The U.i Department of Agriculture uses it, and you can make it profitable in your orchard, vineyard, or potato held. Catalog sent free on request. Morrill & Morley Mfg. (' Box 14, Benton II arbor, Mich Eclipse Spray Pum Many styles shown aiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiifTM in new catalog. DHiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiucii Write today jiiiiiiiMliiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiinifl Direct From Factory — We Pay Freight _ Brown Lawn Fence and Gate cost less than wood, last 1 longer and are more ornamental. Don’t buy any until you first see our complete line and dollar-saving prices. THE BROWN FENCE & WIRE CO. Department 05 CLEVELAND. OHIO . Two Fine Garden Tools This fine trowel is almost everlasting. It is 1/16 of an inch thick — made from crucible steel of highest grade. Steel rivet holds maple handle so it can't work loose. Blade, neck and socket all one piece. Will last a lifetime. Km mm Carden Tools are all first quality. This Keen Kutter nursery spade has double straps full length of handle. No better at any price. Fine for trans- planting shrubs, bushes, small trees. Ask your dealer to show you. Send for our Garden Tool Booklet No. 1-1646 If not at your dealer’s, write us. Garden Trowels K05 with Straight Neck Price $0.75 K04 with Bent Neck Price $0.76 SIMMONS HARDWARE CO. St. Louis, U. S. A. Your Garden Won’t Grow Without Water A Few Dollars Spent Now on Skinner System Sprinkling Lines Will Bring Rain Whenever You Want It A GENTLE rain at any time, by simply turning on a valve, can be had at a small cost. No more holding a hose — no more disappoint- ments of drought-ruined gardens. Under the gentle, natural rain from Skinner Sys- tem sprinkling lines, seeds germinate quickly, plants grow steadily — for weather conditions are perfect. The same results that have made the Skinner System of Irrigation commercially famous, can be brought to your small garden. Lines can be bought by the foot. They cost little more than hose and can be installed without tools. Quick-acting couplings make them portable. A fifty-foot line, covering a space fifty by sixty feet, complete except for stakes to set it on, costs $1 1.75. A one hundred foot line costs $23.00. Odd lengths are twenty-five cents a foot. If these lines don’t fit, send us a sketch of the garden plan. A small investment now, cures your dry weather troubles once for all. Send for Booklet 614. It’s worth reading. MORE FRUIT ££ ^*15. "d ** San Jose Scale. Aphis, White Fly, etc., by spraying with GOOD'S SmS FISH OIL SOAP N?3 1 Kills all tree pests without injury to trees. Fertilizes the soil and aids healthy growth. Cnrr Our valuable book on Tree and l I\LL Plant Diseases. Write today. JAMES GOOD, Original Maker, 931 N. Front Street, Philadelphia Cheap as Wood SdF.a^^.usSl direct, shipping to users only at manufacturers’ prices. IVrite /or free catalog’ UP-TO-DATE MFG. CO., 994 10th St., Terre Haute, Ind. gnn A Made easier, quicker iDa IVr\I better, cheaper Three Sherwin-Williams Insecticides and Fungicides are now put up in dry powdered form. They are lighter and more con- venient to handle. They will not freeze, dry out or spoil, and their improved chemical make-up gives a more effective spray. S-W Dry Powdered Arsenate of Lead Dry powdered form gives maximum killing power at minimum expense. S-W Dry Powdered Tuber Tonic A three-in-one potato spray that kills leaf-eat- ing insects, prevents blight and acts as tonic to the plant. S-W Dry Powdered Fungi Bordo An extremely effective scientific fungicide of exact chemical make-up, eliminating all un- certainties of home-made or commercial Bor- deaux Mixtures. Our Lime Sulphur Solution is par- ticularly effective for San Jose Scale Send for our Spraying Literature The Sherwin-Williams Co. Insecticide and Fungicide Makers 667 Canal Road, Cleveland, O. (> T II E G A R D E N M A G A Z I N E No. 25 Planet Jr Combined Hill and Drill Seeder, Double Wheel Hoe, Cultivator and Plow A splendid combination for the family garden, onion grower, or large gardener. Is a perfect seeder, and combined double and single wheel- hoe. Unbreakable steel frame. Capacity — 2 acres a day. Planet Jrs. are the most econom- ical farm and garden tools you can buy. Designed by a practical farmer and manufacturer with over 40 years’ ex- perience. They are made the best, last the longest, and give the biggest results. Fully guaranteed. $ L Allen & Co Box 1108S Philadelphia Pa No. 1 6 Planet Jr. Single Wheel Hoe. Cultivator, Rake and Plow The highest type of Single Wheel Hoe made. Light but strong, and can be used by man, woman, or boy. Will do all the cultivation in your garden in the easiest, quickest and best way. Indestructible steel frame. Planet Jr 12-tooth Harrow, Cultivator and Pulverizer Stonger, steadier in action, and cultivates more thoroughly than any other harrow made. Non- clogging steel wheel. Invaluable to the market- gardener, trucker, tobacco or small fruit grower. New 72-page Catalog, free Contains 168 illustrations and describes over 55 tools for every farm and garden need, including Seeders, Wheel Hoes, Horse Hoes, Harrows, Orchard- and Beet-Cultivators. Write postal for it now ! Plant potatoes in rows three feet apart and sixteen inches in the row and four inches deep. Potatoes need potash but if the land is plowed deep and pre- pared thoroughly it is not necessary to add any to the fertilizers as the soil of the Southern Middle States has a fairly good amount of this important fertilizer, which can be made available by early and deep plowings. Plant potatoes on land that has been in clover the year previous. In preparing the land for every acre incorporate in the soil the following: 300 pounds of nitrate of soda, 600 pounds of fish scrap, 800 pounds of acid phosphate. For lands that have no potash 300 pounds of muriate of potash should be added. New asparagus beds can be made the first part of month. Make trenches two feet deep and two feet wide. Fill in six inches with well rotted manure and over this put four inches of good garden soil. Place one-year old asparagus roots crosswise in the trench, and fifteen to eighteen inches apart. Fill in gradually with soil. Have the rows five feet apart. Asparagus roots are planted deep because they have a tendency to work up and each year get nearer the surface of the ground. Don’t cut until the third year. An old asparagus bed should be thoroughly worked now between the rows and a good fertilizer mixed with the soil and the earth mounded up over the rows, thus making it easy to cut the shoots with the asparagus knife as soon as they appear above the ground. The cutting season begins the first of April and should cease the first of June. Throw coarse salt over the beds once in a while. It keeps down the weeds and otherwise helps the asparagus. Some gardeners use kainit with hen manure on asparagus; in that event salt is not necessary. This has proven very beneficial. Examine old trees and shrubs thoroughly and spray for scale now. Do the pruning heretofore neglected. Grape vines should be pruned and trained. Work in between the rows a good fertilizer containing phosphates and some potash. Be chary of too much nitrogen. The manure spread in the fall or the clover sowed between the rows will furnish all the nitrogen necessary. Strawberries can be set out if the ground is not too wet, and the old strawberry bed should be worked as soon as possible and a liberal dressing of fertilizer applied between the rows. Use 250 pounds of acid phosphate, 250 pounds of muriate of potash and 100 pounds of nitrate of soda to the acre. Plant the latter part of the month stone fruits such as peaches, apricots, plums, and cherries; also ornamental trees of a pithy fibre, like the tulip poplar. Virginia. J. M. Patterson. Buying and Keeping Tools IN THE buying of tools and implements, a great many people are governed wholly by price. Some buy whatever they can get the cheapest; others on the basis that the higher priced a thing is, par- ticularly if it is imported, the better it must be. Of the two, perhaps the latter method is the best; but there is a happy medium. The name on a tool, that stands for the reputation that is back of it, is a pretty safe guide. It never pays to buy a cheap thing merely because it is low-priced. The ma- jority of tools used on the small place, if they are of good quality to begin with, will last for a lifetime if they are properly taken care of, and the cost of a tool is measured not so much by what you pay for it as by the length of time it will give you service. The number of years of service you will get out of an implement, however, does not depend wholly upon its original quality. Equally important is the care you give it. There should, above all, be one central place in which to keep tools. Usually one sees them hanging up on nails, some on the back porch, some in the wood-shed, and others in the garage, barn, henhouse, or greenhouse, if there is one. As far as keeping them is concerned, the small tools and implements should be divided into three groups and a place furnished for all. Small tools and carpenter’s tools — such as the hammer, chisel, square, hatchet — and supplies — such as nails, screws, rivets, etc. — should be kept in a covered box or chest, with a lock and key if it is accessible to children or promiscuous borrowers. Other things are kept most readily by having a fiat wall February, 1 i» 1 .5 Two Baskets of Apples! Both grown in the same orchard, on two trees that had the same natural advantages. But sprayed the tree that yielded the apples above, and the apples below came from the tree that wasn’t sprayed. In the “Deming Experiment Orchard,” we take our own medicine. We study spraying right among the trees to find out what is needed in the way of sprayers, nozzles, solutions, etc., etc. We prefer to do the experimenting for our customers rather than let them do the experi- menting for us. This is but ONE of the reasons why practical fruit growers, farmers and gardeners prefer For over a score of years they have been termed "The World’s Best.” The ease with which every important working part is accessible, makes them great favorites. Their practical con- struction makes their use a pleasure and an economy. Try either of these two leaders: The Deming “Aerospra” as shown herewith, is a compressed-air sprayer which is proving of ever-increasing popu- larity with thousands of home gardeners. Its compact size and practical shape render work with it a pleasure. Easily operated with one hand, while the free hand can turn leaves and branches of plants or shrubs. It throws a fine, but forceful spray, does quick work thoroughly and is built to last for years. “ Perfect Success ’ Bucket Sprayer Indispensable for garden, greenhouse or small orchard. A great favorite since it is easily attached to any bucket. Does good work quickly and is built for hard wear. Read all about it on page 6 of our catalog. “Deming” Nozzles and “Deco” Hose Lead under all conditions in all sections of the country. Besides the famous Deming Trio — Bordeaux, Simplex and Vermorel Nozzles — there are six other styles for different purposes. Everything we sell is fully tested and guaranteed to do thorough work. Valuable Spraying Guide FREE To help you spray effectively, we publish a most complete spraying guide. It tells when and how to spray in garden, orchard and field. Catalog describes over twenty styles of Deming Spray Pumps. Ask for your copy and name of nearest Deming Dealer to-day. THE DEMING CO. 136 Depot Street Salem, Ohio “Hand and Power Pumps for all Purposes’* The Readers ’ Service will gladly furnish information about Retail Shops February, 1915 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE am me WHEEL HOES and SEED DRILLS mean a big variety of fine vegetables, with drudgery— stooping, hoeing and hand-weeding — cutout. In one operation the tool shown below will open its own fur- row, sow in continuous rows or drop in hills, cover the seed with loose soil, pack it wilh roller, and mark the next row. A boy or woman can do it. A three minutes’ change and you have a wheel hoe cul- tivator that can't be beaten. High steel pipe frame can work 20 inch plants astride. , ; combinations at $2.50 to $12.00. Straight planting; clean, close, safe cultivation. Ask your dealer or nearest seedsman to show hem. Write us today for free booklet ‘ Farm, Home and Market Gardening with Modern Tools.” BATEMAN M’F’G CO Box 3512 We have issued a tt Very Interesting Catalogue on AND GARDEN ACCESSORIES Pergola Album H28” illustrates Pergolas, Garages, Lattice Fences. Veranda Treatments and Garden Accessories; will be sent for 10c. in stamps. Catalogue H40” containing very useful information about Exter- ior and Interior Columns, will be sent to those who want it for 10c. in stamps. HARTMANN-SANDERS CO. Exclusive Manufacturers of Koll’s Patent Lock Joint Stave Column Suitable for Pergolas, Porches, or Interior Use Main Office and Factory: ELSTON and WEBSTER AVES. CHICAGO, ILLINOIS Eastern Office: 6 E. 39th St., New York City STANDARD Pergolas AT LAST — A Complete Modern Irrigation Plant at a Price Within the Reach of All EVERYWHERE Well Drilling Machines Have a Business of your own and clear $15 to $20 or more a day with our well drilling machines. Many men earn big incomes with some one of our 59 styles and sizes. Use any power, Made for drilling earth, rook and for mineral prospecting. Specially adapted to boring wells for irrigation. Standard for 46 years, all over the world. Large catnloguc No. 120 FREE. THE AMERICAN WELL WORKS Genera l Office and Works: AURORA, ILL. Chicago Office: First National Bank Bldg. Engine and pump mounted on skids with fittings complete, and our New Turbo-Irrigator that will thoroughly irrigate a circle So to ioo ft. in diameter on a movable stand pipe with loo ft. i inch best quality hose, all com- plete f. o. b. Jacksonville, for $225.00. Wherever water supply can be obtained this outfit can be set up ready for operation in ? few minutes’ time, and will thoroughly irrigate 60,000 square ft. from one point, or by adding a small quantity of inexpensive piping can be used to irrigate a much larger area. Orders accepted now for shipment March 1st. Send us yours now. J. P. CAMPBELL Jacksonville, Florida References: Bradstreet' s, Dun's or any bank in Jacksonville RHODES DOUBLE CUT PRUNING SHEAR RHODES MFG. CO Cuts from both sides of limb and does not bruise the bark. We pay express charges on all orders. Write for cir- cular and prices. 527 S. Division Ave., Grand Rapids. Mich. The Model Support For Tomatoes, Chrysanthemums Dahlias and Carnations Over 3,000,000 in Use Write for catalogue on Lawn and Flower Bed Guards, Tree Guards, Trellis and other garden specialties ‘ ‘For sale by all the leading seed houses” 1GOE BROTHERS 67-71 Metropolitan Ave., Brooklyn, N.Y. Neu) Joseph Conrad Stories A SET of six Containing five short stories never before published in America and “ The Duel,” formerly published as “ The Point of Honor ” The publication of this volume for the first time in the American Edition of Conrad’s works is in response to an interest that is rapidly making the name and work of Joseph Conrad known everywhere. It marks the full turn of the tide in favor of this wonderful Polish-English writer. The stories included are: GASPAR RUIZ- — A Romantic Tale THE INFORMER— An Ironic Tale THE BRUTE— An Indignant Tale AN ANARCHIST — A Desperate Tale THE DUEL— A Military Tale IL CONDE — A Pathetic Tale The Five of these are practically unknown to American readers. Of “ The Duel” (formerly Point of Honor ”), Mr. Curie, in his critical work on Joseph Conrad, writes: “ It is a work of wide imaginative impulse — a wonderful reconstruction of the Napoleonic atmosphere. As a sustained effort in Conrad’s sardonic later style it is unmatched.” Now Ready in the “ Deep Sea” Limp Leather Edition of Conrad. Net, $1.50 ; in cloth, net, $1.35 Published by DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY Garden City, N. Y. The Readers’ Service gives information about insurance 8 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE £ E B R CJ A R Y , 1915 v \ S^^vBlRb FOUNTAIN Ornamental Fountains For Country Places GARDEN ORNAMENTS ONSULT our catalogues for everything in ornamental iron and bronze, including Display and Drinking- Fountains, Entrance Gates, Lamp-Posts, Railings, Vases, Statuary, Weather-Vanes and Stable Fittings, Sundials, Bird Fountains. Special Designs submitted on request Address Ornamental Dept. K Wl- l"*- C&te J. L.MOTT IRON WORKS Fifth Avenue and t(\ Street NcwYorft Citv AUOWAY PoTfERY IS THE SETTING EXQUISITE THAT ENHANCES THE BEAUTY OF FLOWERS Send for our illustrated' — 'catalogue of Flower Pots. Boxes ,Va s e s . Be nche s . Sundials. GazingGlobes, Bird Fonts and other Artistic Pieces for Garden and Interior Decoration. poway Terra CoTta Co. 3214 WALNUT ST. PHILADELPHIA. PA. SPRAT. f Rigs of I All Sizes For All Uses Junior Leader Orchard Sprayer with 2 H. P. engine, 3-plunger pump. High pressure. Automatic agitation of liquid, suction strainer is brush cleaned. We aiso make Bucket, Barrel. Mounted Potato Spray- ers, etc. A Sprayer Every Need Free catalog. Spraying formulas Junior Leader Sprayer and spraying directions. Address Field Force Pump Co., Dept. H, Elmira, N. Y. Plan Garden Decorations Now This is the time to plan the decorations for your garden. Select some attractive arbors, summer houses or pergolas and include them in your garden plan. Our free portfolio of garden plates will help you. It shows 160 de- signs and plans for Lattices, Trellises, Decorative Fences, Garden Furniture, Pergolas, Summer Houses and all other Garden Decorations. Our designers are ready to prepare special designs and assist you in the planning of your garden. Their services are free of charge. Send for the portfolio today. THE MATHEWS MANUFACTURING CO. 9th Floor Williamson Building Cleveland, Ohio Perpetual Carnations A new, beautifully illustrated, yet inexpensive book by an expert grower, giving full and practical instructions for cultivating Perpet- ual Carnations. Cloth-bound, 75 cents net; by mail 8 / cents. FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY, Dept.311, 354-60 Fourth Ave., NewYork SUNDIALS Real Bronze Colonial Designs iFrom $5.00 Up Also full line of Bird Fountains and other garden requisites. Manufactured by The M D. JONES CO. 71 Portland St. Boston, Mass. Send for illustrated Price-List. -MEAHTlfiiF-CYCLQNE ORNAMENTAL FENCE THE man who takes pride in the appearance of his home will find lasting satisfaction in surrounding it with Cyclone- Waukegan Sanitary Fence. Substantial improvement in sanitary conditions follows wherever Cyclone-W aukegan Fence is put up, because it tends to turn mud holesinto flowerbeds and discourages accumulations of rubbish. It affords an unobstructed view of the premises, a clear sweep jjgHf i^jl for sunshine and fresh air at the fence line — no moisture, . r no decay. Reduces the fire risk. rcr We build Cyclone- Waukegan Fence in various designs to suit yout taste,, with gates to match. It costs little, and constitutesa permanent repair-proof improvement, being builtof heavy galvanized wire, firmly knotted. eering department will solve your fence problem. No consultation service and estimates. e us for F ree Illustrated Catalog, showing’different designs. IE FENCE CO., Dept. 104, Waukegan, I1L against which they can be hung up on nails such are short “D-handled” digging tools, attachments for the wheelhoe, weeders, scythe, pruning shears, and most of the small garden tools. Some rainy day get a few bits of 2 x i-in wood or “furring pieces” and nail these to the wall above the tool box, horizontally; putting them 12 to 18 inches apart. Then take some large wire nails or 4-inch spikes and make a place to hang each pair of wheelhoe or cultivator attachments and the various other things. These supports will hold them just about far enough from the wall so that they will stay hung up much more securely; under each attachment, mark its name with a heavy black pencil; or you can paste a picture of it cut out from an implement catalogue. If you do this, it will be easy to know exactly what is missing at any time, and just where each thing belongs. In the third group go the long handled tools, such as hoes, potato hooks, rakes, long handled shovels, and things of that kinci which cannot be hung up. The simplest way of keeping these is to make a rack for them either overhead or against the wall. In the former case, two stout, short pieces of board nailed to rafters a few feet apart, with another piece nailed across at the bottoms of these, and a second similar rack a few feet away from it, may quickly be put up. Any tool wanted may be quickly drawn out without disturbing the others, and they are thus kept together and are at all times out of the way. An iron hoop, severed with a cold chisel and bent to a [ — ] shape may take the place of the wooden rack. If the racks are made against the wall, the lower should be made con- siderably smaller than the upper one. as the handles take, of course, much less room than the heads of the tools. Of the tools needed on the small place for making ordinary repairs, and any small jobs of construc- tion, the most essential are a good hammer, two saws (a rip and a cutting-off saw, or a set of saws having several blades with one interchangeable handle), a screw driver, a steel-square, a medium width chisel, stock and bits, a combination plyers, and nippers cold chisel, monkey wrench, and an oil can. If you have pipes for running water a Stilson- wrench and a soldering outfit, in addition to these things, will certainly pay for themselves if you live out of town. If you already have most of these things and feel like adding to your outfit little by little, add a hack-saw, key-hole saw, an expansive bit, a wrecking-bar, and a glass cutter. The latter item, of course, if you have a small greenhouse or sashes, will be one of the very first things you will need. One of the most useful tools I have ever bought is a combination vise and drill and small anvil; it is used almost more than any other tool on the place. It cost about three dollars. Of the small tools used about the lawn and grounds the most indispensable is the trowel. Ten-cent trowels are to be had but they are not worth the money when you can buy a real one for fifty cents. The blade and ferrule should be one solid piece, extending well up the handle. A lawn mower is, of course, also indispensable; be sure to select a good make first and let the width be a secondary consideration. You will find before the season is over that it is harder work to cut with a poor 20-inch machine than it is to cut with a good 14-inch one. Pruning shears and a good sickle must also be on hand; grass shears will also come in conveniently. For your gardening operations, hardly any of the foUowing can well be done without, even in the small garden: A spade and a shovel, a broad tined spading fork, and a bow rake, all to be used in the preparation of the soil; for cultivation, a wheelhoe, medium sized ordinary hoe, a light or onion hoe and a scuffiehoe for use late in the season. The Warren, or heart-shaped, hoe is very handy for making drills, covering, working in narrow spaces, digging out old stalks or roots, etc. A sprayer of some kind you certainly should have; I prefer the compressed air to the other type of small hpnd sprayers. For use on a very small scale, a syringe sprayer will answer the purpose, but it will not do as quick nor as good work as the more substantial sort. A bellows or gun for dusting will also be found useful. A good grindstone or tool grinder is necessary to keep your tools in good working shape; this means better and easier work. Connecticut. F. F. Rockwell. February, 1915 T H E GARDE N INI A G A Z I N E 9 Poultry, Kennel and Live Stock Directory Address INFORMATION DEPARTMENT, The Garden Magazine, 11-13 W. 32d Street, New York. Bob White Quail Partridges and Pheasants Capercailzies, Black Game, Wild Turkeys, Quails, Rabbits, Deer, etc., for stocking purposes. Fancy Pheasants, Peafowl. Swans, Cranes, Storks, Ornamental Geese and Ducks, Foxes, Squirrels, Ferrets, etc., and all kinds of birds and animals. WILLIAM J. MACKENSEN, Naturalist Dept. 55, Pheasantry and Game Park YARDLEY, PA. ABSOHB1NE ** TRADEMARK EE6.US MtT. Of F. Removes Bursal Enlargements, Thickened Swollen Tissues, Curbs, Filled Tendons, Soreness from any Bruise or Strain; Stops Spavin Lameness. Allays pain. Does not Blister, remove the hair or lay up the horse. $2.00 a bottle at dealers or delivered. Book 1 K Free W. F. YOUNG, P. D. F., 152 Temple St., Springfield, Mass. have a man in our office who has a very interesting job. He receives letters from all over the world — and replies to every one of them, not with a mere printed form; but with a personal letter carefully thought out. Some days he travels pretty much all over New York City looking for the right answer to a single letter. This man conducts our Readers’ Service Department. If you come across anything in any of our magazines, or anywhere else for that matter, about which you want more information just write him a letter. He’ll answer it — that’s his job. Address — READERS’ SERVICE DEPARTMENT Doubleday, Page & Company Garden City New York The Truth About Poultry Get the Facts by Reading I he One- Man Poultry Plant Successful Methods of Men on Farms or Small Acreage. Complete in twelve parts; printed in one volume. By DR. N. W. SANBORN REAL work, with real poultry, on a real New England Farm. This is a simple story of what has been done by a man at forty-five years of age, town-bred and city-educated getting out of practice of medicine, buying a small farm in the hill country, and making a success of the ven- ture. Not only is the rearing of chicks and the management of adult fowl completely covered, but the interesting side issues of fruit growing, grain- raising and the production of milk, that cannot be escaped on a real farm. You get rugged facts — rarely found in print. The truth about poultry as found in actual life on a one-man poultry farm. You Can Bo the Same— Book Tells llow Ol'R SPECIAL OFFER— The One-Man Poultry Plant, in twelve parts (book form), and the American Poultry Advocate one year, for only 5octs., book and Advocate, three years, for only $i.oo if order is sent at once. Our paper is handsomely illustrated, practical, progressive and up-to- date on poultry matters. Established 1892. 44 to 132 pages monthly. 50 cents a year. 3 months' trial 10 cents. Sample copy free. Catalogue of poultry literature tree. Address AMERICAN PDILTRY ADVOCATE 659 Hodgkins Blk. Syracuse, N. Y. Brooder Hodgson Portable Houses No. 3 Poultry House — 2 units Setting Coop BROODER can be operated out-of-doors in zero weather with little attention or expense. 50 to 100 chicks. No. 3 POULTRY HOUSE-Fitted complete for 60 hens-8x20 feet $110.00. First pen, $60.00 ; additional pens, $50.00 each. Red Cedar, vermin-proof. SETTING COOP to set a hen in and brood her chicks. $3.00. All neatly painted and quickly bolted together. Send for illustrated catalogue. EC nnnrCAM rn fRoom 311, 116 WASHINGTON ST., BOSTON, MASS. > Address all corre- • r« IlvlJUJjUll \CRAFTSMAN BLDG., 6 EAST 39th ST., NEW YORK/ spondence to Boston Greider’s Fine Catalogue and calendar of pure bred poultry; 70 vari- eties illustrated and described, many in natural colors. A perfect guide to poultry raisers — full of facts. Low prices on stock and eggs for hatch- ing. Incubators and brooders. 22 years in business. You need this noted book. Send 10c for it — today. B. H. GREIDER Box 25 RHEEMS, PA. THE Poultry Book Compiled by the greatest authorities in the country New Popular Edition in one volume 1299 pages, 375 illustrations COMPLETE, AUTHORITATIVE, PRACTICAL It covers every branch of poultry raising from incubating or hatching to marketing PART ONE describes the varieties best adapted to different conditions and gives instructions for mating, breeding, incubating, treating diseases, marketing, poultry house and brooder building, etc. PARTS TWO AND THREE contain chapters by specialists describing and illustrating the various breeds and giving the standards by which they are judged. Former Price Three volumes, $13.50 Now Illustrated, Net $1 .50 Garden City, DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO. New York THE POULTRY BOOK All the signs of good health and perfect diges- tion follow the feeding of Austin’s Dog Bread. It contains just the food elements that your dog needs to keep him well and happy throughout the year — sweet, lean meat, flour and cereals. Austin Dog Bread & Animal Food Co. 246 Marginal St Chelsea, Mass. m BOSTON TERRIERS fine markings, good breeding and excel- lent dispositions. I have sold fifty of these fine pets and companions to Couti- tryLi/e readers during the past year and satisfied every one. Also Bull Terriers and English Bull- 0 ’ Treasonable prices. W rite Box 330, Garden Magazine 11 W. 32nd St. New York G. D. TILLEY Naturalist “ Everything in the Bird Line from a Canary to an Ostrich” Birds for the House and Porch Birds for the Ornamental Waterway Birds for the Garden, Pool and Aviary Birds for the Game Preserve and Park I am the oldest established and largest exclusive dealer in land and water birds in America and have on hand the most extensive stock in the United States. G. D.TILLEY, Naturalist, Box G., Darien, Conn. The Readers' Service will give suggestions for the care of live-stock 10 THE G A R D E N MAGAZINE February, 1915 ‘TATjg READERS' SERVICE Expert aid and advice on individual problems of practical gardening Manure on Bulb Bed Will stable manure, placed on the bulb bed as a winter covering, and worked into the soil after the winter’s weathering, injure the bulbs if it gets in contact with them in the spring?— S. H. B., Minn. — After the winter’s weathering the manure will be thoroughly “spent” and, therefore, do no harm in the spring. Ashes From an Incinerator What is the fertilizing value, if any, of ashes from a garbage furnace? — J. J. N., Pa. — The value of ashes from a garbage incinerator for fertilizing purposes would depend entirely upon the nature of the material consumed. In any case, it would be extremely low since all the most valuable elements of plant food, such as nitrogen and some of the soluble potash and phosphorus materials, would have been lost in burning. It would be far more desirable and effective to compost the garbage itself, mixing it in a pit or heap with soil, sod and, if possible, stable manure and applying it to the ground when fully rotted for its humus. Anthracnose on Blackberries What shall I do with my blackberry bushes which seem to be blighted; the leaves are falling off and the stalks are spotted? I cannot find any worms on the bushes.— B. W. A., La. — Your description is rather incomplete, but it seems as though your blackberries are afflicted with anthrac- nose. This is a difficult disease to combat and the only recommendations we can give you are: First, that you cut out all affected canes as soon as you discover them; second, that you spray the young growth thoroughly every two or three weeks through- out the season with bordeaux mixture. Cutting Alfalfa Too Soon I have a field of alfalfa which will not grow, al- though it has plenty of water. I planted it in February, 1914; got a good stand, but when it was eight inches high I cut it for green feed. Since then it has not grown. — F. W. S., Calif. — From your description it would seem as though you, yourself, had caused the failure of your alfalfa by cutting it altogether too soon. As with any plant, alfalfa needs a certain amount of leaf surface to change the plant foods taken up by the roots into forms in which they can be assimilated, that is, turned into tissue. By cutting the crop when it was only eight inches high, you removed practically all the active leaf surface and as the plants were young they did not have enough stored up food material to replace it. We very much doubt whether you can do anything to the crop but replant it and if you do this you should leave the field alone for at least six months before cutting it. The best time to mow is when a new growth of shoots can be seen just starting up from the crowns of the plants. Dividing a Yucca What is the right time to divide a yucca? — K. K. P., 111. — The suckers from the yucca can be divided in the spring or early summer, taken off and put in a sandy soil, well drained. If given this treatment they will strike and do well. Natural Increase of Narcissus Bulbs Last fall on taking up Narcissus poeticus bulbs that had been planted several years ago, I found they had multiplied from eight to ten times, and where one bulb had been planted there were then eight or ten, not more than an inch in diameter. These have been replanted. Will they bloom, and if so when? — ■ F. T. W., Idaho. - — It is quite possible, since you did not take up the bulbs till fall, that the growth will be considerably weakened for the coming season; for to get the full growth from these bulbs, they should be replanted in August or September. The small bulbs found are the natural increase and will flower when they have at- tained the proper size and vigor, the exact time de- pending on the conditions under which they have been grown. This may take from four to seven years, although an occasional strong bulb will bloom the second year. The bulbs should be taken up as soon as the foliage is ripened, and sorted out by sizes; select the larger ones for flowering size and put the smaller ones in nursery rows, handling them each year in the same way, sorting out the larger ones each year as they develop. Narcissus poeticus will bloom for a good many years under normal conditions and if planted in clumps that are not too dense they can be left alone until they become so crowded that they cease to flower on that account. Salt Hay It is a thing that I suppose everyone should know; but we out West here cannot find out what “salt hay” is. It is mentioned in almost every number of The Garden Magazine. — W. W. H., Mo. - — By Salt hay is generally meant any coarse, grass- like plant that grows on the typical salt marshes of the Atlantic Coast. As a general thing these marshes are firm enough to bear the weight of a mower or at least the weight of a man with a scythe. The hay is generally stacked and allowed to dry out for some weeks; then the stacks are picked up on poles and carried out on to higher land, unless, of course, teams can be driven on to the marshes. While this type of grass is occasionally fed to cattle, who eat it eagerly in the absence of better forage, the market for the material is based more on the demands of dealers in china, crockery, etc., who use it as a packing material. In this latter respect, if not also in regard to its feeding qualities, the salt hay of the East is comparable to any of your western coarser wild pasture grasses. Another Lawn Weed I have sent you a specimen of a weed which last summer appeared in my lawn. It grew in dense mats, and killed the grass. How can I eradicate it if it appears next year? — R. S., Canada. — Polygonum aviculare, or knotweed, is apt to infest such lawns as are frequently trodden, as it can stand such treatment much better than grass or white clover. In such situations, the best plan to follow is to give the grass a rest in order that it may recuperate. The only method of eradication that we have known to be suc- cessful is to pull up the plants in order to prevent their forming seed. It is an annual and readily succumbs to such treatment. As it produces seed throughout a long period of time, it is necessary to go over the lawn several times during the season. As in the case of all lawn weeds, is it strongly advised that the grass be kept in a thrifty condition by top dressing with well rotted man- ures or fertilizers, liming if necessary, reseeding and giving careful attention to mowing, rolling and watering. The thick stand and vigorous growth of grass tends to crowd out most lawn weeds or at least makes them much less noticeable. Lime on Sour Soils What kind of lime is used on sour soils; how'much should be used; when should it be applied, etc. — J. S., Ohio. - — The use of lime on the land is such an important subject that we advise you to learn more about it than we can give you in this space. Write, therefore, to the Director of the State Agricultural Experiment Station at Wooster, Ohio, for copies of Circular No. 123 and Bulletin No. 279 which, if available, will be sent you free of charge. We can say briefly, however, that the best sort of lime for the average soil is raw ground limestone which should be applied at about the rate of a ton per acre, just after plowing, and then harrowed in thoroughly, preferably in the fall. The next best would be air slaked lime which need not be used as plentifully but which is ordinarily rather more expen- sive as it represents limestone that has been burned and then slaked. Possibly the cheapest form where ground rock cannot be obtained would be quick lime. Of this you would have to buy only one half as much as of the other two as it contains only about half as much water. Before applying it to the land, however, you should slake it, preferably by putting it in piles about the field, covering it with a few inches of soil and leaving it for a few weeks. In a garden, lime should be added after the soil has been spaded but before it has been raked. From three to seven pounds per ten square feet of freshly slaked quick lime would be a good application. Winter Planting of Spring Bulbs This fall I bought some hyacinth tulip and nar- cissus bulbs, but before they were delivered the ground had frozen over. I do want an attractive spring gar- den; and how can I get it now that I have missed the proper time for planting? — A. C. G., Pa. — You might light a bonfire on the ground where you I wish to plant your bulbs and after the ground has be- come well thawed out plant the bulbs in the usual way. 1 We have seen good results from following out this method. Last year, here at the Country Life Gardens, we planted narcissus bulbs in January when the ground was frozen so hard that we had to pry it open with a crow bar, dropping a little sand into the bottom of the hole for the bulb to rest on. The result of late plant- ing will be late flowers and they will not have the full vigor of flowers planted earlier in the season. You can do nothing else now. How to Keep Poultry Manure What is the best method of keeping poultry drop- pings so as to get the full benefit of the different fer- tilizing constituents? — E. K. S., Nebr. — The essential requirements in keeping poultry manure j are: 1. that it should be kept protected from rain; 2. it should be kept from direct sunlight; 3. that its volatile.constituents should not be allowed to evaporate. Probably the most convenient way to satisfy such conditions is to mix the droppings as they are gathered with enough dry loam, leafmold or other absorbent material to cover them. They may then be stored either in boxes, barrels, or sacks in some dry shed or out of the way corner. Either when they are used or previous to this mixing the material should be reduced to a uniform size by having the lumps pounded down. j Of course, during the summer it is often possible to ! use a great deal of the manure directly on the garden as fast as it is obtained. In this case break up the lumps and do not allow the material to come in actual contact with the plants or roots. Plants Under a Fountain Can you suggest any varieties of plants, to be grown in pots, which would be likely to succeed during the growing season, under a fountain which has a fairly heavy spray falling all the time ? — A. B., New Jersey. — You might try some of the following. You will have to plunge the pots and treat the plants as if they j were in the open ground. Plants less than one foot high: water arum; moneywort; water mint; American pennyroyal; buckbean; forget-me-not; orange milk- I wort; mandrake. Plants one to two feet high: small flag; marsh marigold; golden seal; ground lily. Plants two to three feet high: baneberry; flowering rush; . turtle head; bugbane; day lily; irises; loosestrife; arrow ' arum; arrowhead; swamp milkweed; horsetail; woolly , rush; pampas grass; gunnera; cardinal flower; eulalia; pickerel weed. Plants five feet high or more: giant reed; papyrus; swamp rose mallow; purple loosestrife; cat-tails. February, 1 !) 1 .5 T H E G A II I) E N M A G A Z I N E 10 -a To put it at once into Half a Million Farm Homes THE COUNTRY GENTLEMAN The big $1.50 farm paper, will be mailed to you 3 months — 13 Weeks— 25 Cents The Country Gentleman treats farming as a business — not only growing stuff, but selling it at a profit — the chief end of any business. These 13 issues, for 25 cents, would make a book of nearly 1,000,000 words and 800 illustrations, covering more than 500 farm subjects, divided about as follows: General Farming . 95 Articles Livestock . 75 CC Marketing, Management and Finance . . 60 Li Buildings, Equipment and Labor . 45 LL Poultry . 55 (( Vegetables, Flowers . 60 L L Dairying ... . 25 Li Orchards and Trees ....... . 45 • '* Rural Social Life ........ . 25 Cw Home Making . 55 U Free Personal Service Any farm question that puzzles a reader of THE COUNTRY GENTLE MAN will be answered personally and promptly by mail. More than 100 practical experts are at our call to render this free personal 3 MONTHS (13 ISSUES) 10-6 T H E GARDEN MAGAZINE February, 1915 1-TF 4 — E • TALK- OI ■- " ■ :Id :-THE-OFFI< — .. ■ —^7==^ EE- — THE GARDEN AND FARM ALMANAC FOR 1915 THIS is the time to use this book, which each year has grown in size, in circula- tion and, wTe hope, in usefulness. We take this from the preface: With the ever rapid growth of a widespread in- terest in all that pertains to the country, the field of the Garden and Farm Almanac is constantly broadening. At the same time many agricultural matters are treated in such detail in books and periodicals that it seems best to devote this publication to the task of supplying infor- mation (i) that is wanted often and that must be kept handy, and (2) that is not generally available elsewhere, or, if so, only in widely scat- tered volumes. There is also being maintained and ever made more efficient The Readers’ Service, through which the experts on the staffs of Country Life in America, The World’s Work, and The Garden Magazine will give personal attention to prob- lems on farm, home, and business matters; on animals, crops, education, finance, insurance, fashions, the kitchen, vacations, farm lands, and practically every possible subject except those demanding medical and legal advice. Simply write a letter, as legibly and briefly as possible, addressing it as below, stating your question and enclosing one of the service coupons. We appreciate the enclosure of a stamp for reply, but this js not a condition. In any case your letter will receive immediate attention and a personal answer will be sent you as quickly as possible, from The Garden and Farm Service Doubleday, Page & Co. Garden City, N. Y. THE READERS’ SERVICE The Readers’ Service which is referred to in the paragraph above was begun by Double- day, Page & Company many years ago, and its value and usefulness increase with the years by reason of its stores of information and ex- perience. In the Financial Department alone advice concerning the investment of tens of millions of dollars has been given, with the purpose of inducing readers to invest in con- servative securities and to expose fraud and speculative investments. In the same way all sorts of information in a greatly varied field have been provided for our readers all over the world. The letters sent to us are absolutely con- fidential. THE AMERICAN BOOKS The first volumes in the series of American books, we expect to publish on the 15th of March. They are as follows: The American Indian By Charles A. Eastman (Ohivesa), author of “Old Indian Days,” “Indian Boyhood,” etc. Socialism in America By John Macy, late literary editor of the Bos- ton Herald, author of “The Spirit of American Literature.” The American College By FIsaac Sharpless, President of Haverford College. Municipal Freedom By Oswald Ryan, of the Indiana Bar. The American Navy By Rear Admiral French E. Chadwick, U. S. N. We will state again the plan of this set of books, for the benefit of our readers who did not see the first announcement. The unique feature of the series will be the discussion by American authorities of distinctively American movements and problems connected with the future prosperity of the United States. The series was projected more than a year ago, long before the Great War but it derives ad- ditional importance from the new position which that great struggle has given America on the face of the globe. The United States, standing aloof from the suicidal bloodshed of the Old World, has necessarily become the peaceful arbiter of the earth’s destinies and the flywheel to keep the industry of the world revolving. A new responsibility toward the world’s welfare has therefore devolved upon the United States. An inquiry into the meaning and tendency of American civilization to-day is thus not only a matter of high interest but of patriotic duty. The publishers wish “The American Books” to be a series of brief authoritative manuals which will attempt to lay bare some of the problems that confront us to-day; written in popular terms that will inspire rather than dis- courage the casual reader. The series should prove not only of great interest to all American citizens who wish to aid in solving their coun- try’s pressing problems, but to every foreigner visiting this country who seeks an interpreta- tion of the American point of view. We wish “The American Books” to be writ- ten by the best men, and to this end seek the widest publicity for the plan. We shall be glad to receive suggestions as to appro- priate titles for inclusion in the series, and will welcome authoritative MSS. submitted from any quarter. In science, literature, business, politics, in the arts of war and the arts of peace, we seek writers who have stood for fearless achievement or equally fearless failure who will build up A Library of Good- Citizenship. FIRST BOOKS OF 1915 A Set of Six A new book of stories by Joseph Conrad. God’s Country — and the Woman A novel, by James Oliver Curwood, author of “Kazan.” The Building of It A book of inexpensive houses, by Walter J, Keith. A Sunday School Tour of the Orient By Frank L. Brown. Practical Talks on Farm Engineering By Professor R. P. Clarkson. Dr. Syn A novel, by Russell Thorndyke. Martha of the Mennonite Country By Helen R. Martin, author of “Tillie, a Mennonite Maid.” The New Business A book for every business marl, stating the fund- amentals of advertising, selling, and marketing. By Harry Tipper. Advertising — Selling the Consumer By John Lee M.ahin. Victory A novel, by Joseph Conrad Ruggles of Red Gap A story of the rise of the ultra English valet Ruggles — a delicious satire on the social life of the West. By Harry Leon Wilson, author of “Bunker Bean,” “The Spenders,” etc. February, 1 !) 1 5 T II E GARDEN M A G AZIN E 10-c Frances Duncan’s Gardencraft Not the photograph of a Country Place but of Miss Duncan’s miniature collaps- ible Country House and Plant-as-you- please garden. A very practical help in Garden-Planning. A fascinating pastime for Garden lovers from eight to eighty. If you cannot visualize your garden-to-be get Frances Duncan’s Gardencraft and make it and see it in miniature. Suburban Size $3.50. Plants for old fashioned gar- den are contained in this set, annuals, perennials, shrubs, box-edging, sundial, rose-arch. Any type of garden access- ories, pergola, pool, tennis court, summer house, etc., may be had in miniature at the Gardencraft work-shop. Send 4c for catalogue of Gardencraft and Country Life Toys . Gardencraft Work-Shop 1 Milligan Place, (6th Ave. Bet. 10th and Uth St.) New York HUNTINGTON in quality, rock bottom in price. We offer the world’s finest productions in flower seeds, annual and perennial flowering plants, bulbs, shrubs, roses, etc., both staple and novelties. We are large growers of fine florist’s strains of aster seed, petunia seed, gladoli, and perennial seeds and plants. Hundreds of professional growers have been using our stocks for years. If we can please your florist we should please you. Write for our price list Ralph E. Huntington Wholesale Grower of Florists’ Specialties Painesville, Ohio —WATER LILIES— IN YOUR OWN GARDEN These superb plants can be grown in the smallest garden; you can plant them in a tub or half barrel, and they will give a wealth of beautiful blooms. Hardy varieties can be planted from May to August; tender sorts about the first of June. “THE WATER LILY” a brochure illustrating many rare sorts, with full description of the familiar varieties, will be sent to anyone who writes for it. Full directions are given for garden culture s well as for pond planting. Write to- day for the booklet. William Tricker Water Lily Specialist Box E Arlington, N. J. How to Give Your Garden a Running Start Single Row Frame — 13 x 342 in. 4 for £5. Junior Frames. Sash 34 inches wide, by 38% inches long. . $8 £ll Junior Melon Frames 1 9 2* x 20 2 in. 5 for £4.40 IO for #8.50 TI 1 ^HE latter part of last winter, you will remember, was just the kind that made you think that “spring is going to be early this year.” But it wasn’t. It lagged along until some of us had to plant our gardens all over again, and others said : “What’s the use, anyway, of trying to have an early garden any more in this confounded climate ? ” Along in February we reminded you that Cold Frames or Hot Beds were the only sure insurance against a late garden. We even went so far as to say pretty strongly, that you ought to buy some of our Frames — even if only ten of the Single Plant ones for #6.25, and boost your garden along two to six weeks. This year you are going to buy frames — you made up your mind to that, eight months ago. This being so, as it certainly is so, then the thing for you to do ; is send at once for our Two P’s Booklet, which tells you about the Pleasure and Profit of Cold Frames and Hot Beds. We have seven different sizes and kinds of these frames, or garden boosters. Send your order now (when we can ship at once) and have them ready for the first signs of Spring. Every one of them is illustrated, described and priced in our Two P’s Booklet. There are several pages of Helpful Hints, and a Planting Time Table, both of which you want, handy, under one cover. Send for this Two P’s Booklet. fofd,^Bqrnham|o. Sales Offices NEW YORK 42nd St. Building BOSTON Tremont Building PHILADELPHIA Franklin Bank Bldg. CHICAGO Rookery Building CLEVELAND Swetland Building ROCHESTER Granite Building TORONTO Royal Bank Building Plant Frames 1 1 2 x 13 in. 10 for $6.25 Factories Irvington, N. Y. Des Plaines, III. A four sash standard frame, 12 ft.x 6. Price £23.90 Roses, Flowering Shrubs and Fruit Trees which will bud, bloom and fruit True to Name, sent direct from our nurseries to your garden at wholesale prices. This Spring we offer the finest selection of hardy, _ _ field grown Hybrid Perpetual and Hybrid Tea or Everblooming Roses. Our list includes the choicest varieties: Maman Cochet (white), Maman Cochet lUr (pink), William R. Smith. American Beauty and ‘ Killarney. The stock is all two year old, No. 1 strong bushes. Our book tells you how to plant S and care for them. Our flowering Shrubs include the finest specimens of Bush Hydrangea Paniculata Grandiflora and Snowball or Ever- blooming Hydrangea, Spirea Van Houttei (white), Spirea Anthony Waterer (dwarf pink). Also the finest fruit trees that can be grown: Apple, Peach, Pear, Plum and Cherry. All the best tested varieties. Kelly Brothers' quality and purity of vari- eties means much to the planter. You get the benefit of thirty-five years of prac- tical experience. We stand back of every shipment. Send today for our 1015 Spring Catalog. It is free. Read our broad guarantee. Kelly Bros.’ Wholesale Nurseries, 244 Main St.,Dan6ville, N. Y. You never regret planting Kelly Bros.' stock The Readers’ Service gives information about real estate TO -d T H E GA II 1) E N M A G A Z I N E Gladioli Bulbs 50 for $1 Delivered ( With Culture Instructions ) Our “Matchless Mixture” of Extra Large, Sure to bloom Bulbs — contains all the latest sorts and colors such as Amer- ica, Princeps, Baron J. Hulot, Mrs. Francis King, the Red, Yellow, Striped, White and Pink shades. Our new splendid Catalogue sent with every order. Weeber and Don Seed Merchants and Growers 1 14 B Chambers Street New York Evergreen Trees There is nothing more beautiful or decorative 'about the country home than the Evergreen. It is attractive both summer and winter, and is always admired. We make a specialty of strong, healthy nursery stock, and can furnish all varieties of Trees , Plants and Shrubs Visit our nurseries, where we have at all times a most interesting display, or send for booklet on Hardy Trees and Shrubs, Greenhouse Plants and Orchids. JULIUS ROEHRS CO. February. 19 15 l:T- w • « One of the 18 ground plans in our booklet on “Hardy Gardens Easily Made” You Can Afford a Hardy Garden This Year Of course you will have a garden again this year and why not have a permanent one that will give the maximum amount of enjoy- ment with the minimum amount of labor and cost. Read what a customer writes us: “In these times of high cost of living when a man wishes to economize all along the line, your catalogue is indeed most satisfying. I have received probably every catalogue issued this spring by the large firms in the East and West and the prices presented by your house run from 33% to 300% less on most every item. As I have purchased plants of you, I know that the stocks are equal in every instance to those sent out by the others, so it seems that the payment of high prices for the usual flower garden this spring is a matter of choice and not of necessity. An Easily Made Perennial Garden is yours almost for the asking. Perennials add a feeling of permanency to your home surroundings. They change their plumage but not their face and keep reflecting the seasons all the year around. In our attractive booklet — “Hardy Gardens Easily Made for the Busy Man,” we show simply prepared plans adaptable to most situations with the lowest estimates of cost. A little money goes a long way and the results are lasting. On receipt of ten cents in stamps which will be credited to your first order, we will send you this valuable plan book. together with our handsomely illus- trated catalogue (48 pages, 9x12, the limit of true economy worked out). THE PALISADES NURSERIES Growers of Palisades Popular Perennials , and Landscape Gardeners R. W. Clucas, Mgr. Sparkill, Rockland County, N. Y. Masterpieces of Wrought Iron Work Stewart Iron Fences and Gates bring out the full beauty of your town house, suburban home or country estate They give permanency to your improvements by protecting your property. Made in exquisite art designs that harmonize with your architectural plan and go far toward increasing the beauty of your place. Blue prints, Photos, Book of Designs, Catalog, etc., sent Free, if you will tell us what you have in mind. A brief description of your property will greatly help us in making suggestions. THE STEWART IRON WORKS COMPANY Department D, CINCINNATI, OHIO “The World's Greatest Iron Fence Builders’’ Iron Vases, Settees, Garden and Drinking Fountains Iron Statuary, Stable Fitt ings. Lamp Standards and Lanterns [The Readers’ Service is prepared to advise parents in regard to schools FEBRUARY 19 15. PAGE Start Seeds in Hotbeds in the South - J . M. Patterson 4 Buying and Keeping Tools - - - - F. F. Rockwell 6 The Readers’ Service ----------- 10 Ten Years - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- n The Landscaping of Peridot - - - - Fletcher Steele 12 Plans by the author A Three-Tier Herbaceous Border - B.Y . Morrison 15 Photographs by N. R. Graves; plans by the author Planting a Border for the Indian Summer Plan by the author Robert S. Stur levant 17 Planning Features for Garden Special Effects Plans by the author Stephen F. Hamblin 19 I. A Formal Garden for Fragrance IIL Entrance Planting II. A Small Rose Garden IV. A Garden of Dwarf Shrubs Evergreens as a Screen on a Hillside W. H. Richie 23 Plan by the author Planning a Fruit Garden to Fit - - J. R. Mattern 26 Plans by author; photographs by H. Troth and A. G. Eldredge The Month’s Reminder - -- -- - 27 Photographs by H. N. Porch and Charles Jones Growing Exhibition Quality Sweet Peas William Gray 28 Photographs by J. H. Pepper, Charles Jones and G. W. Kerr Planting Tables for the Vegetable G.arden A. E. Wilkinson 30 Seed Sowing Table for the Flower Garden F . F. Rockwell 31 Hardy Perennials for Landscape Use William H. Richie 32 PAGE Lice on Asters -Mrs. T. C. Stephens 34 The “New” Garden Magazine - - - P. T. Barnes 34 Lice on Lettuce -------- Harold Clarke 34 Rhubarb in Winter ------ Henry S. Conard 34 Photograph by the author What Ailed the Asters ? - - - - W alter Greenleaf 34 Select Your Potato Seed ----- E. L. D. S. 34 Gardening on the Seashore ----- W. G. W. 34 A New Mulching Material ------- C. H. 34 How Not to Plant Dahlias and Gladiolus F. R. Perkins 34 A Hill of Roses --------- C. W. Post 35 Photograph by the author How to Make a Radish Bed - - - Edgar IE Trick 35 Apples for Pennsylvania ------ Harold Clarke 35 A Decade’s Development - - -- -- -- --36 An Alaskan Flower Garden - - - W . C. Blanchard 38 Photographs by the author A New Idea in Tree Labels - - - - -\Fred Haxton 40 Photograph by the author “Landscape Extension” in the Middle West W. Miller 44 Suggestions for the Home Table Effie M. Robinson 46 The Rose Society’s Trial Garden ------- 48 Tuberous Begonias from Seed - - W. C. McCollom 48 Photograph by Nathan R. Graves English Rockeries ------ Eleanor L. Wolcott 50 The Opalescent Apple ------ Waiter A. Dyer 52 SUBSCRIPTION: $1.50 a year ^Single copies, 15 cts. LEONARD BARRON, Editor COPYRIGHT, I915, BY DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY Entered as second-class matter at Garden City, New York, under the Act of Congress, March 3, 1879 F. N. DOUBLEDAY, President HERBERT S. HOUSTON, Vice-President S. A. EVERITT, Treasurer RUSSELL DOUBLEDAY, Secretary For Foreign Postage add 65c. For Canada add 35c. THE GARDEN OF YOUR DREAMS No matter what it may be, you can have your ideal garden this very year — instead of merely longing for it and dreaming of it — if you will do a very simple thing but do it at once! Write Us a Letter picturing the garden of your dreams as clearly as you are able to describe it. Il may be part of another’s garden; one of the arrangements suggested in this issue of The Garden Magazine — it may be just a vision of your own — whatever it is put it on paper in your own way and send it to us together with a rough plan of your house and surrounding grounds. We Will Tell You just how to realise this garden and have it for your own. We will tell you how much it will cost, (and many people have a mis- taken idea that gardens are expen- sive). We will give you a plan or drawing of the garden and indi- cate just what to plant and when to plant it — for which service we charge a minimum fee, which is deducted if you let us carry out your ideas. We Plan and Plant Gardens and Grounds Anywhere Our nurseries consist of over 350 acres under cultivation, We have over 350,000 square feet of greenhouses, and can furnish any stock, any size, any quantity, the highest quality, from our own acreage. Let Us Make Your Dream Come True We have the stock, the experience, the facilities and know we can satisfy you as we have satisfied others in planning and planting some of the most famous gardens in America. Our representa- tives will be glad to call at your request and to assist you in planning your gardens and grounds. If you are near New York this spring come out to our nursery and visit us, we will show you just what ought to go in your ideal garden. Our Illustrated Catalogue No. 25 Free to those who are interested — and a letter will bring it to your desk. You may write for it today and thus give proper time and consideration on this subject. BOBBINK & ATKINS Nurserymen, Florists, Planters Rutherford, New Jersey 10-e 10-/ THE G A R D E N M A G A Z I N E Fobuarv 191 > THE BEST EVERGREEN VINE FOR AMERICA THE accompanying picture gives but a faint hint of the five-fold glories of the evergreen bittersweet ( Euonymus radicans vegctus). In the first place, it is evergreen, and therefore has an obvious advantage over de- ciduous vines in being beautiful 365 days of the year instead of two weeks or seven months. Secondly, it is very accommodating as to soils, climate, exposures; is easy to grow; and will trail over the ground or climb to the noble height of thirty feet. Thirdly, it has an immense advantage over ivy, in being much hardier, growing twenty feet high in New England where ivy can be grown only as a ground-cover. Fourthly, its superb red fruits, which closely resemble those of our common wild bittersweet, seem divinely appointed to re- deem our American winters from their bleak, ugly and cheerless moods. And fifthly, it promises to develop a strong American character, becoming as universal and as dear to the American heart as ivy is in Europe. If I had a million dollars to spare I should like to plant an evergreen bittersweet against every stone, brick, and concrete wall in America. The effect would be electrical, for it would add 100 per cent, to the beauty of America. And it would only be anticipating by 100 years what will surely happen, for it is hardly possible that the world holds any plant with greater power to transform a house into a home. As in England every home and every church is enriched, dignified, and ennobled by ivy, so every American home wall come to be connected so closely with the evergreen bittersweet that it will be impossible to think of one without the other. — Extract from article by Wilhelm Miller in The Garden Magazine , November igi2. We have a large stock of the true variety of this splendid vine grown from cuttings and which will fruit freely the second season after planting. Strong Plants SO cents each; $5.00 per dozen Small “ 30 “ “ 3.00 “ “ We have the largest, finest and most comprehensive stock of Hardy Plants in America, including three hundred varieties of the choicest Peonies, and also the largest collection of Japanese Iris in the world, and an unsurpassed collection of named Phloxes. Our illustrated catalogue, describing these and hundreds of other Hardy Plants, Trees, Rhododendrons, Azaleas and Shrubs will be sent on request. “A PLEA FOR HARDY PLANTS by J. Wilkinson Elliott, contains much information about Hardy Gardens, with plans for their arrangement. We have made arrangements with the publishers of this book to furnish it to customers at a very low price. Particulars on request irf f ir^nrnr ivti tdccdv 336 fourth avenue 11 1>I LJ l\OEiIV 1 PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA If a problem grows in your garden write to the Readers 1 Service for assistance Volume XXI Number 1 ■v TyV\ THE Garden Magazine is the logical working out of the growing interest in the garden . . . as a delight and pursuit for the busy people in the work who find a new fascination in the things of the soil.” In these words, the publishers announced the birth of The Garden Magazine just ten years ago. Steadily and regularly since that time, it has endeavored to carry on its self-imposed mission of teaching the amateur gardener of America not alone the routine work of growing plants but also to stimulate in the gardening public a keener appreciation of better plants and of their special adaptations to particular purposes, and above all, to preach the spirit of American gardening for Americans, emphasiz- ing the permanency and value of native materials and such exotics as are more particularly adapted to the American climate — all these things rather than the mere copying of Euro- pean materials to reproduce in American gardens the effects and ideals of the gar- dens of the Old World. As we ourselves see it to- day, the mission has been largely successful. Our many friendsin the horticul- tural trade, nurserymen and seedsmen, unite in an ex- pression of appreciation of the spread of keen horticul- tural knowledge that has been contemporaneous with the life of The Garden Magazine. We have been in a peculiarly favorable situation from which to see and measure the change of attitude in the American public toward gardens and gardening. Ten years ago, the people in general had hardly begun to realize that there were differences of quality among the mater- ials used in the garden. Then there were “trees,” and “bushes,” and “flow- ers.” To-day, the suburban and country home maker is a keen buyer of plants by name — the demand for real quality is even larger than the supply. The seed trade and nursery trade, in the improved appearance of their catalogues, in making their appeal, bear witness to the great in- crease of critical knowledge among the lay public. Perhaps the most illuminat- ing illustration is the development of the Garden Clubs. As knowledge and appreciation of the available materials for garden use became more general, there grew up, as a natural result, a demand for better advice on the right ways to use that material in the making of garden pictures. Hence the desire and interest to-day in garden design and planting for defi- nite purposes which has made us signalize this Tenth Anniversary issue as a Special Garden Planning Manual. A word or two in explanation of the contents: We asked a land- scape architect to present an account of how he worked, which is told in “The Landscaping of Peridot,” a purely fictitious creation. But at the same time some one or more of the problems discussed therein will assuredly be encountered in the laying out of anyplace. In every case the details may be varied greatly along the same general layout. The special features given else- where, with complete plant- ing plans and specifications, will serve as illustrations and suggestive models which may be adapted, per- haps not entirely, but surely in part, to suit the individ- ual in each particular case. Planting the surroundings of the home with material that is well selected to suit the purpose in view is not a fad — it is not even a lux- ury; but it is a real and practical necessity which is being more and more appre- ciated day by day by those who live away from the con- fines of crowds and crowd- ings of cosmopolitan city life. We hope that The Gar- den Magazine has had its good share in molding the present day appreciation of the beauties and pleasures of proper enjoyment of the home garden; and we are confident that the advances of the next decade will be as marked and as signifi- cant as those of the period just closed. TEN YEARS A Message to Old Garden Friends From WILHELM MILLER First editor of The Garden Magazine, now head of the Division of Landscape Extension, at the University of Illinois. So our friendship is ten years old! I am glad the editor touched my arm, for I have been fascinated by my new work. Ah, what delightful pictures his message quickens into life — the gardens that I have visited and loved — especially in the original thirteen states! . . “What influence has The Garden Magazine had in spreading an ap- preciation of home gardening?” I meet this influence now more than ever because I am meeting you, my old-but-unsuspected friends, in new and more personal ways. The results of it are truly wonderful, and they can be summarized and interpreted only in the light of original motives. The aim of the periodical that interests you and me so much has ever been to increase the quantity of high-grade planning and planting in home grounds, especially in the flower and kitchen gardens. The magazine might have secured greater popularity for a time by playing into the hands of commercial agencies that think more of quantity than of quality, but it has always stood for something better than the “gardenesque style” of planting a lawn. The gardenesque style is wholesome in so far as it appeals to an innocent love of color and a personal interest in garden work, espe- cially on the part of beginners. It is bad only when it emanates from a love of artificiality, show, or speed. Even these age-old foes of good design are merely excessive forms of fundamental virtues, namely the love of order, color, and maturity. In persistently recommending planning before planting the journal that you and I like has builded on a surer foundation than the quicksands of shifting taste. It has tried to give the highest possible service that such a periodical can render to the American home by showing the benefits of an outdoor life amid surroundings of order, privacy, and beauty. You and I may live to see the day when the greatest national service of our favorite magazine may be considered its advocacy of an American style of landscape gardening. Certainly every visitor to the Old World must perceive that one of the greatest assets any nation can have is a national style in architecture, landscape gardening, and interior decoration for these three forces unite to build the perfect home. As to my own part in making of the magazine it is evident that the deepest impression left by my writing goes back to the series of articles that became part of a book called “What England Can Teach Us About Gardens” — the message of which is that we should not copy any country or garden literally, but must work out gardens that are adapted to our own country and our own per- sonalities. (For an account of Professor Miller's new work see page 42). 11 By Fletcher Steele Landscape Architect, Massachusetts Section along the line A B shown on the general plan (blueprint on facing page, looking from the southeast boundary) The Landscaping of Peridot AN IMAGINARY LAYOUT PROPOSITION WHICH TYPIFYS THE KINDS OF SERVICE THAT THE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT RENDERS— HOW HE GOES TO EVERY time I saw Littlefield last Winter, he was growling about the evils of city life; so I was not sur- prised to get the following letter. Dear Russell: We have bought some land in Chestnut Hill and intend to build at once. You have bored me so often about people waiting till after their house is built before they call in a landscape architect, that I write without delay. Come out with us Monday to look over the ground. Jared Hoar will be the architect. He will be out of town for a month, but we want you to work up a plan right away. Sincerely, Harrison Littlefield. I found that the lot included about two and a quarter acres of ground on a hillside, falling about twenty-four feet from east to west corners — a rectangle with the north corner cut out. An old lane with bordering stone wall and tall trees crossed the place at right angles with the street. Two large elms stood near the northeast boundary. East- ward there was a broad view over a pleasant valley, broken by an ugly mansard roof house in the foreground. In all other direc- tions the place was hemmed in by unsightly stables and houses. “Isn’t it splendid?” exclaimed Meriam, Littlefield’s handsome wife, looking out over the valley, with the enthusiasm of those who have just bought land. “ Did Harrison tell you how we found it? We were out walking and I lost my ring there by the wall. We sat down to look for it and soon decided to stay here always. So we’re going to call it, ‘Peridot’ for the old green stone it was so lucky to lose.” I thought that original and pretty. Then getting down to business I asked, “Is it to be a summer place?” “Not on your life,” answered Harri- son who speaks American fluently, “Winter too. You won’t find me caged up in town again.” Meriam had figured out their require- ments, and I soon had the following list: Sunny house, suitable for entertain- ing, with hall, “which you look through to the garden”; large drawing-room; dining-room and outdoor dining terrace; breakfast room; bookroom, “where I can put Harrison when he gets too abominable”; place for the small child- ren to play; tennis court; flower garden “with a pergola, — I think they’re sweet”; kitchen and cut flower garden; liberal service quarters, including a garage. There was a split in opinion about locating the garage. Meriam wanted it put in some distant corner as a “horrid, noisy, dirty place,” but Harrison would not hear of that. “It’s got to be near the house where I can get at it, if it goes in the middle of your flower beds. If you think I’m going to stumble all over this hill on cold, rainy nights after I put the car up, you’ve got another think coming.” The battle waxed until I insisted that it was up to the landscape architect to satisfy them both, somehow. “Haveyou fixeduponany definite amount to spend?” I asked. Littlefield said no. He wanted everything done “right,” but without extravagance. Meriam thought it curious that I then wanted to know how many outdoor men they expected to keep. But it was easy to show how unwise it would be to build gardens, etc., elaborate enough to need four men’s time, if they only wanted to keep one. Harrison finally decided on two, saying that he would rather pay out more Ttenn Screen m ShST Corner. Planting PIan afte:r. Sknrcw. on construction to begin with if it would reduce the permanent maintenance cost. While talking we wandered about and I took frequent notes of the topography, ex- posures, vegetation and outlook. “Just what do you do next in making the design?” Meriam has lively curiosity. “The next thing is to get an accurate survey. I shall have an engineer out here to make a map of the boundaries, topogra- phy and exact location of the trees, the good and bad outlooks and the soil conditions. Then I can start in to make an intelligent plan for development.” “ How will you and Jared work together? ” “Well, it’s a pity that he won’t be back this month. He ought to have been with us on the grounds to-day. It is always better to cooperate with the architect from the first, but I understand his work as we’ve done several things together. Since you want my preliminary plan for the grounds before he can get back, I shall rough out a floor plan for the house, on which the layout of the grounds usually depends. Later, he and I will go over the whole problem to work out the details.” A fortnight later I spent an evening with the Littlefields going over the proposed plans. The big library table was cleared of magazines and the blueprint spread out with a book on each corner to hold it flat, while we all leaned over it to examine and explain. “My, but it looks fancy,” was Meriam’s first observation. She looked rather pleased, but Harrison was non-com- mittal. “Tell us what it’s all about,” she said. “I’m sure I never could guess. Where is the street?” I showed her the street crossing the lower part of the plan; the stone wall, represented by a line of irregular shapes at right angles to the street, across the middle of the lot; the tennis court at the top of the hill, and the lowest place at the east corner (the upper left hand corner of the plan, when the page is turned so as to get the reading natur- ally), near where the mansard roof house broke into the valley view. Meantime Littlefield had been study- ing the layout and broke forth: “I’ll be jiggered, Russell. The way you’ve got it here, the house doesn’t face the street at all. It’s end on to the street, and kitchen end at that. What d’you think of that? ” disgustedly, “Kitchen on the street where every- body can see it instead of around be- hind somewhere out of sight.” -A . I o' Elm . U/mtij bmcruan a 23 Lombardy HjJor 'Topuhj) niyra var C ~tbcl (edar. Juqiperuj virpiijiaija J). iuropeari~5:tJi.Ta()u} yyhaiica HTTarp/e "Peer/. Ej. van gtropurpurea T "Pur p/e /faze/. Cory lup veil an a var. airopurpurea d. (it)pur~lhoro.(ralcyu} cruygoll, ii. fferca/ey flub, -/jra/ia spineja J %ad day!, -ftmelanclier caqaJer)}!} I^Uapayeje YetvTTqyuy cuiptdaia iT/ame azalea- /jza/eo ca /en du/acea {Andromeda. Andromeda jlorelunda flJfuopymuj rodicattp rar. vepefu) I T /ame azalea \TdJiyjatidra iermina/ij Detail planting plan for screen of trees to hide an adjoining house. Many such details as this will be necessary for the completed planting plans and are capable of infinite variation according to circumstances 12 February, 1015 T H E GARI) E N IV[ A GAZIN E 13 “Let me see,” and Meriam laboriously figured out the matter. “Why Russell! You have put the garage on the sidewalk! I really don’t understand. You must have some subtle reason. You artists are always being subtle. Explain yourself.” As he settled down I half heard Harrison’s “Subtle! Huh! A little horse sense would be more to the point.” But it appeared better to ignore this. “There are many reasons for not having the length of the house parallel with the (i^HpnoiNn i hivm 3Noi£ cnc ^nvh 7 o n o II i t/0 Z 5 zr d_l h- 0 u ( 3 General layout of the two- and a half-acre plot of “Peridot” in which the landscape architect has embodied all the requirements of the owners, as is fully explained in the accompanying text 14 THE GARDEN M A G A Z I N E February, 1915 street. It would cost more to build on the side hill; half of the house would never get a ray of sun and would face the unattractive noisy highway, having little privacy; it would be impossible to hide the bad features of the rear outlook without cutting off all the valley view as well; with such an ar- rangement a larger part of the grounds would necessarily be devoted to service uses than would be defensible and there would be much waste space — ground that would be used neither to make service easier or life more agreeable. “Two and a quarter acres is not very large. I set out to get for you the utmost use of every square foot, just as an architect does with a house. You must know many places — even small places — where there is an area behind the barn or between the house and the next lot that is neither garden nor usable lawn nor anything else but waste space. This is as bad in landscape archi- tecture as similar waste space in a house would be bad architecture. “Indeed the analogy between the two professions goes deeper than that. The functionsof the differentparts of the grounds answer fairly well to the functions of rooms of a house, though not exactly, of course. First, in both cases the wise man wants something between him and the public gaze on all four sides. In the house it is a wall; on an estate it may be a garden wall or some bushes. In both cases it shelters privacy within.” “Hear, hear!” came from the ribald Harrison. “At the same time,” I went on scorning the interruption, “this same wise man wants openings through which he can see if anything is worth the while outside. Otherwise, he so arranges his place that its interest within is sufficient and he is not tempted to look away, nor are the children tempted to run off their own place to play. In your case, the only thing worth seeing outside is the valley landscape which is made ugly by the mansard roof house and other neighboring buildings. On the grounds I found one spot, roughly a circle, perhaps seventy-five feet in diameter where the view is first class and from where I could entirely hide all the ugliness by planting tall trees in groups. Between these groups are ‘windows,’ marked ‘views’ on the plan. “It is a physiological fact that it rests the eye more to look into distance than at something near by. Consequently, I de- cided to put nothing in the foreground of these ‘windows’ to distract the attention, but rather to lead one’s vision over the natural, sloping meadow to the far country. I decided that this reposeful view should be commanded by the verandah, drawing- room, and bookroom, in which places rest will be oftentimes the first consideration. Other than this place, every feature of the grounds is designed to interest by looking into, not out of. Now let us return to the analogy of the house.” “Heavens, Meriam, can’t you turn him off?” “Hush, my dear; people pay money to hear him talk this way in lectures.” “The entrance turn, of the landscape com- partments, may be compared to the hall of a house; the service turn or court to the kitchen entry; the drying yard is kin to the laundry and the kitchen garden to the kitchen. I like to think of the tennis court as the billiard room of the grounds and the flower garden as the drawing-room. “One other feature deserves mention, mainly because it is as important in land- scape architecture as in architecture, but has received relatively less attention.- This is the need of convenient service access to all the several units of the grounds. Too often the apparatus of maintenance — carts, rollers, lawn mowers and the rest — must be carried through one compartment to an- other, up steps and down, because no direct access is given. When I came to look into the problem it occurred to me that the old lane would make an excellent service ‘corridor’ so to speak. It has long been a charming grass covered path following the picturesque old wall. We can do no better for service purposes, and nothing which will catch more definitely the character of the meadow, than to keep untouched this old relic. That was what I decided to do. “Once the decision was made, the wall, not the street, became the controlling mo- tive of the design. I next worked out a house plan parallel with it, the drawing- room, bookroom, and verandah giving bn the view as pre-determined. The distance away from the wall to place the house re- quired careful consideration. As shown on the plan it is far enough away so that the trees by the wall will shade all the ground between them and house at the hottest times of summer, but will not keep the purifying rays from pouring in through the windows. On the lower and shady side of the house sufficient room is left for a comfortable entrance turn and wide planting space to hide the buildings next door. Last, the house is placed where it closely follows the topography of the grounds. This will en- sure that it will ‘tie in’ with the landscape — look as if it belonged there and had not been dropped by chance like so many of even our best designed houses. “By arranging so that, not only the house, but all the other features of the place follow the general slope closely, the construction cost will be reduced to a mini- mum and also, we chain to our own use the genius of the place.” “Te-he,” chortled Harrison, “Cut out that highbrow stuff and explain why it’s cheaper to follow the slope.” “Why, you see, moving large quantities of earth is one of the most expensive items of cost, especially where there is a long haul. Here that is reduced to a minimum. The dirt excavated from the cellar will just serve to bring the entrance turn up to the proper level; that which must be sliced off one end of the tennis court will be used on the other end, and so on. Only such grading is done as may be necessary to get reasonably level areas. “While the topography is closely fol- lowed, yet, paradoxical as it may sound, changes in grade are emphasized by steps and retaining walls where possible. They are picturesque and interesting in them- selves and often serve to delimit areas, a desirable thing to do, better than anything else. Walls are more expensive to build, in the first place, than banks; but they are much cheaper to keep in good condition. “Such a retaining wall carried six feet above the drive, separates the entrance turn from the house lawn, keeping the latter secluded. But to give the grounds as well as the house a formal entrance, an arched gateway is planned directly opposite the debouche of the drive, which will form an interesting feature from the sidewalk. From the lawn it will be approached by a flight of steps. “Except for this glimpse, almost nothing of the private apartments will be visible from the street, as a thick screen of trees will hide the entrance turn and front and the other side of the house will be cut off by the service quarters. “The service court is separated from the highway by a wall which will keep it un- objectionable. The garage opens on to this court, not on the street. The garage is placed as far as possible from all the living apartments of the estate, yet it is connected with the house by a covered passage, and cold rainy nights need have no terrors for you, Harrison. There is an added advan- tage in that the heating apparatus for the house can be placed under the garage, where it can be tended in the easiest and most economical way. “By this court there is direct connection with the kitchen garden. Only one entrance is needed for kitchen, garage and other service wagons. I am convinced that the least possible area of your grounds is de- voted solely to service purposes in this way. And economy of this sort on a place the size of yours is imperative. The conven- ience of service is extended by the fact that the service lane opens on to this court as well as the path through the kitchen garden leading to the tennis court and the compost yard. The latter is large enough for com- post, manure, screenings and gravel for the tennis court and drives and to collect the rubbish which it is impossible altogether to keep off a place. “The tennis court is a noisy feature, put as far away from the house as possible, yet directly connected by the terraces and pergola. Both sides of the pergola act as retaining walls — down to the flower garden, of which it will give pleasant, shaded out- looks, and up to the kitchen garden, which will thus be easier concealed, yet convenient. “The outlook from the dining-room across the sunny out-door dining terrace, up steps between big oil jars, under shady trees and through the sun-mottled pergola to the gleaming tennis overlook house on the far side of the court will be lengthened and enhanced by false perspective and other amusing tricks. This will be the view from the front door, which Meriam wanted. February, 1915 THE GARDEN M A G A Z I N E 15 The dining-room table will not break it be- cause one will look over it to the pergola on the higher level. “From the drawing room the dining ter- race will be hidden. A big bay window will open upon a broad circle bordered by rho- dodendrons, which will look handsome both winter and summer, a fine secluded place for the small youngsters to play, under the eyes of the house. On the same axis but beyond the old stone wall (which will be jealously preserved through the gardens as elsewhere), will be the flower garden, across which you will look to a low platform at the other end, with a white statue against a dark evergreen background. “This vista, with its zones of sun and shadow, will be a short variation on the longer dining-room vista motive, to borrow a term from the musicians. The garden is placed near but separated from the house so that it may be well out of sight during the dismal seasons. All the plant- ing immediately around the house will be evergreen with spring and summer bulbs. “The meadow lawn is directly accessible from house, garden entrance court and service lane, but is an isolated unit of design as it should be. “We might go much more into detail, but without profit until you decide about the general scheme. How do you like it?” “What do you think of it, Meriam?” asked the master of the house. “ It seems to have everything we want and all mighty convenient. Part of it seems queer and not as we would have done it. But after all we called in a landscape archi- tect because we didn’t know how to plan all these things ourselves. Russell’s points are all sensible, and I think we had better let him go ahead.” “All right, Russell, go ahead. Every- thing is certainly compact and shipshape. I guess you do know what you are about, after all. Seltzer or plain water? ” A Three-Tier Herbaceous Border By B. Y. Morrison, District of Columbia THE SKILLFUL USE OF “IN-BETWEENS” BY WHICH A GREAT VARIETY OF PLANTS CAN BE GROWN IN A BORDER OF MINIMUM SIZE, THROUGHOUT THE SEASON T The Japanese anemones will do best in a (airly moist sit- uation. and some shade even HIS article is not for the people who leave their gar- dens to the care of the hired man. Its doc- trine is a dangerous one, one which calls for the constant attention of the owner. And, moreover, the owner must belong to that demented clan, who go out before break- fast to see the new peony buds, and who come in from office by way of the garden to see what the sun has opened during the day. The trouble was just this. I was to have a new house and a new garden — and, alas, the garden was infinitesimal and my plant appetite was gigantic. A good friend came to the rescue unknowingly by giving me many happy hours in his garden, and slowly the bright idea of the “in-betweens” took hold. Of course, interplanting is nothing new. Nearly all good gardens show ex- amples of interplanting, especially in the herbaceous borders, but I wanted to inter- plant more closely than is generally recom- mended because I simply had to have all the things, and if I had them all in the old way they would have to be just about half a plant apiece. So scheming began. To avoid the danger of having a messy effect in the garden sev- eral different plants were decided upon to be featured. First of all German iris, then Japanese iris, phlox, Japanese anemones and Michaelmas daisies in succession. These were spotted through the borders with the exception of the Japanese iris and anemones, for which a special bed was re- served. Then came the delightful work of interweaving. In working this we made a list of the “must haves” that were herbaceous in character and not bulbous. Then another list of these, grouping them so that they combined pleasantly for growth or success- ion or combination of bloom. In doing this we thought of plants first according to their habit of growth. For example, there is a great host of plants like thyme, Veronica repens, Ajuga reptans, the smaller sedums, and such creatures who crawl over the earth rooting at every joint. Obviously they must not be planted next to plants which make rosettes or tufts, like Armeria, Lychnis, and similar plants. Then there are the trailers which root more slowly at the joints, if at all. Examples of this class are Phlox subulata, Cerastium tomentosum, Arabis, Alyssum saxatile, Iberis, Campanula carpatica, and a host more. These, like the first, are prone to swamp their neighbors. The erect plants we group also according to their methods of self propagation. There is the great class of things like phlox, col- umbines, delphiniums, aconites, peonies, fraxinellas which merely increase slowly about the old crown until a “clump” is formed; and there is the other class which sucker out- rageously-— nearly all the com- posites go into this class, some of the garden oenotheras, a few of the coarser campanulas, hemerocallis, and many others. So the problem was simplified into a mechanical arrangement of creepers, trailers, dumpers, and suckerers, if we may use such ludicrous nicknames. Those which make clumps are ideal as centres to plant around. The creepers which are shallow rooted run them a close second, especially for any underplanting of bulbs. In my The charm garden, suckerers are tabooed save for Michaelmas daisies, which I must have, and a solitary clump of Boltonia latis- quama. Even my beloved Hemerocallis flava and Thunbergii are outlawed in the shrubbery part of the garden. But let us get to examples for they are the most fun. Because my garden is so very small, most of the garden stuff is of small scale which will be immediately evi- dent from a glance at the plan of the garden to be, which employs some of the garden interweavings from the other gardens I know. Have you ever seen fat little clumps of Scilla sibirica and Galanthus Elwesii coming up in front of the dark purple red shoots of an old peony? If you haven’t, try it. The bulbs will ripen fairly well under the peony tops and last very well considering. The same bulbs look well with yellow crocus near clumps of Dictamnus. Here, of course there is no special contrast of growth, but Dictamnus makes great clumps which are impatient of disturbance and little things of bulbous nature can go in to economize space. And not far down the line from this of the mixed herbaceous border lies in the succession of effects. Tulip and phlox shown here 16 T H E G A R I) E N M A G A Z I N E February, 1915 ^nfiai A nemontf A flcm. ja(D. irj wind CbaHofh Astilbe^v / jafjonTc^ S^ireos. ^oeen Charloft^^; As+ilbe I S^irca fili^endulaj ^/^r^rpone ja(sonica. / Anemon-cjojo^hlrlivind. /%u nc irca.fi’ I ib< japx^<7^ //// YJirsTa7 T_/ *?• W J?s iS W 'ft gra \ . /^zl Tris- lr,s /g™nd, si y//\ Planting plan for the wet border in which Japanese iris and Japanese anemones furnish the features with various other plants as individuals. Scale Yi inch equals 1 ft. have a big clump of Heuchera sanguinea with good bronzy leaves all winter and a great cloud of delicate bloom in the middle of June. Some of the newer hybrids give scattering bloom throughout the year. The double tulip Murillo, with pink and white flowers goes well to precede this; Anthericum liliago, var. major gives white flowers at the same time and Gladiolus America may be planted later for August bloom. Unlike tulips, of which the pale yellow retroflexa and the glowing crimson scarlet Gesneriana major are my special favorites for borders, narcissus are rather difficult in the border because of the heavy mass of foliage which breaks down soon after flowering. A few clumps must go in, and Viola cuculata is good to go in with them. Just a plant or two will be more than enough because it seeds pestiferously; but it is worth having, even though the flowers are odorless, because it can be cut down re- peatedly and still yield a fresh clump of leaves. There are white and bicolor forms of it as well as the purple type. Then there must be purple and lavender crocuses in the garden, if you can keep them away from the blue of Scilla sibirica. To my notion, the blue of the squill is so much more perfect than the color of any crocus that ever grew, that I could resign the cro- cuses without a murmur if the garden were too small for both. But if some of the dark purple and lavenders are planted in little clumps near some later blooming perennial with tufted habit such as Armeria or the coarser Lychnis viscaria the effect is rather good. Another good early combination is the Heavenly Blue variety of the grape hyacinth (Muscari botryoides) planted near the upper edge of a sheet of Cerastium tomentosum. A single plant of Adonis vernalis and a few of plants of Myosotis Victoria (best treated as an annual) would form pleasing incidents here. Or perhaps three or four bulbs of Narcissus Golden Spur or Cam- pernelle rugulosus — or if you prefer smaller scale, a little clump of the tiny Narcissus jonquilla with dark green rush-like leaves and starry, golden, fragrant flowers. Back of a clump like this, of which the Cerastium alone can be counted on for all summer, put some clump of plants which will start slowly in the spring and have later interest. A clump of Funkia lanceolata would be good, because like all the funkias it is late to start, has admirable foliage and charming lavender flowers in September. And behind the funkia there could be good clumps of Doronicum plantagineum, var. excelsum or of Corydalis nobile. These are two very different plants which come up with a rush in the spring and pro- duce a fine display of bloom and then more or less disappear. Then back of them would have to be some good tall late plant again, probably a group of phlox with Michaelmas daisies behind, for we are pretty well to the back of the border by now. Perhaps not a whole group of phlox should go in with the Michaelmas daisies. I saw a border last summer that was backed with a mass of pale lavender asters and among them were just a few stalks of a late bloom- ing cerise pink phlox. The effect was really very charming, especially if one could add a Aster, W. s o "KT^atjnor Lu|Dini/s • lus (blue) Acomtvrn Theory, N. I Wilson, / Euqene > \ . Verdier Anemone S+rUthei-s latonica., -v Whirlwind .''"s. . 7— _ /Fhlox>^Jraterialr / /M,ss pict \ Ialma+,ca \ , Aster Shortii ^n*rae4tq\i<£./ Clematis Aconitum Wllsonii J^E|wC5ii Biei-ic&i — JlTurqe „ . \ rtwrr* K. tis&rrr-J in. Aster Lil Tordell JrBei'nice//X'/ ' ' , Dicentra \ eximicG T,aX' subcordata^ eol<n5 (jrand. Ccras+ion1%fjg to men To^rf/s tlurnariuS //\^aca°paUcci '//A ativui' \ Alat.or / roment-o \ CQrPQT‘ca Afh /(/y / / ^ UV/ ^ 1 ssra Heuctera- 50nf ‘r,ea QjOX / Iris -xxyr#?. ° v / Apecioiu; Ingebonj /ArmerA /-Phlox /dnaritima/N/ . /.s“b' S /CrotCiyC///, /ulaTu A />0nq of t> This border of perennials gives great variety by reason of inter and under planting. The lower part of this plan should be extended on the right of this portion to form one entire border This border is designed to accommodate the greatest number of kinds in the smallest space, yet having due regard to proportion of mass, succession of effects, and continuity of bloom. Use three plants for each colony. Iris and phlox can be planted closely to make a clump at once. The shaded areas show underplantings of bulbs. Scale Yi inch to 1 ft. approximately. B. Y. Morrison, Designer February, 1015 T H E G A R 1) E N M A G AZIN E 17 mass of some gray leaved thing such as the somewhat tender Centaurea gymnocarpa or Cineraria maritima. And speaking of gray leaved things — try a little patch of Artemisia frigida with clumps of Sternbergia lutea near the edges. Artemisia has delicate silvery leaves and Sternbergia has leaves like a narcissus and flowers very much like bright yellow cro- cuses on short stems. But the best of it is that the flowers come in October and bring a welcome bit of color to the edge of the border which is mostly given over to the low things that bloom in the spring. And down the line there can be clumps of Crocus speciosus or sativus coming up through creepers like the lavender form of Phlox subulata or Veronica rupestris. These crocuses are good lavender purples, bloom in October, and have not the poor and weak-stemmed habit of their relatives the pale pink colchicums. But of course the real interest of autumn goes to the Japanese anemones with their great sheaves of airy bloom, and to the clouds of Michaelmas daisies. Personally, I prefer the white Japanese anemones and the pale pink Queen Charlotte. In my garden they are to be planted among the clumps of Japanese iris because they like the rich food with which I pamper my iris and the daily floodings which the iris gets for a month before and a month after blooming time. Several clumps of Spirea filipendula, the Astilbe Arendsii, var. Ceres, Astilbe Gladstone, and perhaps Grandis and Davidii are all going to find a place in these wet borders. The advantages are two, aside from their finding a congenial home: they will give me bloom in June, just before the iris comes, and the anemones will give me bloom again from September until frost. But almost as important as this, both will give me a pleasant foliage combination with the iris. Well grown Japanese iris are almost too coarse for a small garden, but if we can get a foliage which wall pleasantly relate with the strong verticality of the iris leaves their coarseness will be softened. Therefore, choose compound leaves — those of the spireas have a considerable element of the horizontal because of the way they are carried, and similarly those of the anemone. I am to have Campanula carpatica creep- ing around broad tufts of Primula vulgaris and the single Lychnis viscaria close to the colony of Campanula persicifolia. Both make tufts and the succession of bloom will be good; for it will appear casually as one great colony, only the bloom will be very different at two different times of the year. Then too, there must be a clump of white fraxinella with the deep purple Veronica amethystina near by and perhaps a clump of the large doronicum. White lupine and dark blue iris are to combine. Iris pumila is going to push its way through the fat gray mounds of Dianthus plumarius. Perhaps by autumn I shall have to confess that there have been many summer trans- plantings to give room. But I do not fear. The plants must be had and the only way to have them in a baby garden is to plant three layers deep and manipulate eternally. Planting a Border for the Indian Summer By Robert S. Sturtevant, chuseits LITTLE REALIZED POSSIBILITIES OF FLOWER EFFECTS IN THE LATE FALL AFTER THE EARLY FROSTS HAVE PLAYED HAVOC WITH THE SUMMER FLOWERS Eranthis £r Chry S. terra. cotta irea van Ho of tel i dine V,nca r/Aconitum Celandin/ Wilsoni Chrus. button terra cotta lDelf>hinium bar caerulec Aster Eartancus Boltoma. latisqrami Eranthis bronze Orange Galtoma iandica? /Aster > Wovi-Bel^ae, S. /Hemerajalli ,otta / Thunberaii tf/'Croouj \ £/// \ rt^-uta qrareolem Eranthis . Bolton I a latisquama OranqeV '{ii W/ Ye I low' VTHiSi'cina Pens+emon fctepe' .1, barbatus 'v Dracon- ,5 A s [i / Cerastium Joromcuml t a* l caucasicurrt, f.olc.hicum aV Zb Arte mi si a \ fnqiua Dicen+ra \Crocus '■ e.x i m o. JN. Terra cottaf /I///0/0I// / Iberi s rcfn \ u m dens-cants >hlo* INDIAN SUMMER BORDER BY R. 5. STURTEVANT Frittlar This border is designed for its late season effects with flower color, but also has more or less continuous interest throughout the s Foliage color is especially considered here THE very title seems a contra- diction of terms. Yet a study of plant material discloses much that in foliage or fruit, form or color, may be used effectively. However good the perennials, a suitable background enhances their charm. This background may be very desirably of ever- greens but at present I shall make use of only the commonest of shrubs as they seem more suggestive of unrealized possibilities and may, therefore, be more adaptable to ordinary conditions. I have chosen for the site of the border a shallow bay in the shrubbery, about twenty-five feet long, and not much farther from the living side of the house, yet open to the sun for the major part of the day. It forms a part of an important view throughout the year so that any interest of color, possible at any season, will be appreciated. 18 T II E G ARDEN M A G A Z I N E February, 1 !) 1 3 Background and enframement are the first consideration; Regel’s privet will most satisfactorily fulfil the former condition. This has a much greater distinction of growth than the ordinary hedge privet, a distinction of a more flowing line, more in harmony with the varying growths of the perennials. It remains in good foliage, and the dull, green-purple, autumn color- ing, and black berries form a happy neutral backing. As for the enframement; to the right a group of bridal wreath among which a tall white lilac rises, both, thus late in the year, rather thin of foliage, yet the one, with its thick massed warm colored branches, and the other stark, a study in line, make a pleasing incident; to the left, the depth of shrubbery is deeper; a group of the harsh, gray yucca contrasts with the soft Spiraea Thunbergii and above the now really burning bush (Euonymus europaeus) is a blaze of glory. A successful border is fundamentally the result of the elimination of many species. Often the limits are set beforehand by some especial desire for certain color effect, a certain seasonal display, or perhaps a certain psychological effect upon the beholder. The occupants of this Indian summer plantation must fulfil two requirements, first, one of growth that is agreeable well toward winter, and second, one of situation, in full view throughout the season. This necessarily creates a thickly settled plant community, a two-story tenement where bulbs struggle for outlet among their larger perennial neighbors. The English recipe for garden planting “that each six-inch square should have its growth” shall be fulfilled. This brings about an involved planting plan which will show a correlation, culturally and aesthetically, of individuals of varying habits of growth and bloom. It means care in the preparation of the ground, attention to detail in planting, and, in the beginning, wise weeding. As soon, however, as the plants have covered the ground, suppression of unruly members is the chief requirement. Preparation may be made in late summer or early fall depending upon whether the bulbs or the perennials are first to receive attention, but the latter may also be planted in spring. The ideal is to first plant the bulbs; then the perennials, allow- ing them sufficient time to form good roots before winter sets in. It is, on the other hand, not difficult to dibble in the bulbs through the summer growth of perennials. One partial exception to the comparative permanency of the border’s inhabitants and the consequent need for extra culti- vation is the case of the chrysanthemum. These require slight winter protection, annual division and enrichment, so no bulbs should be put within eight or nine inches of the space set aside for them. With us very few are dependable and so I use the cheery, little, old-fashioned terra- cottas for the mass of color. They are not so entrancing as individuals but do make a lovely drift and hold up their heads well, a natural advantage over the larger pompoms. For brightness use also a few other buttons and try a plant or two of the bigger flowered ones; they are worth while, though not so satisfying in a mixed, herbaceous border. Keep them all on the yellow side of the spectrum in color, in delightful tones of yellow and bronze, orange and brown, some clear, some passing from one shade to another. Chrysanthemums are not the sole late bloomers; Aster tataricus, a tall, coarse grower, does not open its lavender heads until into October; nor does Aconitum Wilsoni, tall also, but with clean cut, glossy foliage, show its characteristic, dark, purple-blue hoods. I would like to add a cer- tain helenium, a seedling ofRivertonBeauty, in color similar to the ordinary autumnale but with more enduring flowers; Crocus sativus, a dull lilac, and C. speciosus in brighter shades varying toward white, may still show color and were just right the first year of planting. Then also a touch of the new hybrid Phlox Arendsii, var. Helene sends forth scattered flowers of lavender, just the tone of the incomparable divari- cata. It is a delightful thing, blooming throughout a long season, and the only one of its group that seems clear in color and does not too greatly resemble a stunted paniculata. There is a large number of plants with practically evergreen foliage which, earlier, may be a mass of bloom. Of these but few are chosen of varying tones — silvery, cottony, bronze, and green. Before writing of these combinations, we must make note of a few plants that should be used rather scatteringly. Earliest of them all comes the yellow winter aconite (Eranthis hyemalis), and but little later the crocus (Largest Yellow), great numbers of them well in the shade of the shrubs and only a detached colony or two intruding into the border proper. The yellow of the crocus will be sparkling above the silver of Artemisia frigida, the metallic Dianthus plumarius or the bronzed Heuchera. Back in more root bound portions of the shrubbery put myrtle; it makes a glistening, evergreen carpet and grows almost too rampantly under adverse conditions; in winter it rises black through the thin snow, in May and sometimes later it is studded with bloom, blue, white, or an objectionable red-violet. Two more plants, though possessed of a troublesome number of seedlings, are, for quite other reasons, worthy of use. Both sweet rocket and celandine are large, early growers which give height and mass when the main elements of effect are low or slender. The former (Hesperis matronalis) comes in white, shading to a nursery cata- logue “pink” — a real magenta — of which the first only is of value for its loose, phlox- like clusters; the latter (Stylophorum), forms a delightfully vivid bush of glaucous, divided foliage, starred with poppy-like flowers of small account. Such tolerants should be kept under the edge of the shrub shadows, for they will endure these con- ditions. Of similar worth will be the yellow May flowering composite Doronicum caucasicum, with its neat, basal leaves. Its gold will create a striking contrast with the paper- white poet’s narcissus, and the intense red with blue-black central spot of the big Tulipa Gesneriana spathulata major. Now also the queer guinea-hen flowers gain in oddity peering through the sharp yucca spikes. Tall yellow tulips (retroflexa) rise above a bank of snowy candytuft while at its edge a tuft of the mossy pink phlox forms with it a bouquet just asking to be gathered. There lies the coral sprayed heuchera, a cloud above the dark hued leaves; beyond, a drift of vase formed flax rises through a mat of the low veronica rupestris which, in May lies a sheet of dark purple-blue. The flax begins in late May. the quaint, slender lady tulip (Clu- siana) peering through its grayed, delicately clothed stems; later the heuchera mist shows out against the gray and blue; and later still the tall coral-hung stalks of pentstcmon leaning toward the light, yield yet another picture. This latter (P. bar- batas, var. Torreyi) is not of proved hardi- hood but the gleaming, shrubby tufts and the four foot graceful flower sprays are most engaging. In it parrot tulips are planted that their oddly flaring blooms may sprawl at will on the dark pentstemon or on the white wooly cerastium. Beauty of foliage is not to be scorned for indeed it is the groundwork of the design. Just as the blossoms of the chry- santhemums dominate in autumn so does the dull, gray green foliage dominate earlier and its grayness should be the key- note, led up to by other minor masses. The light, glaucous gray of the old garden pink lies at the base of the darker, greener rue (Ruta graveolens), which stands clear cut against the even darker, greener mass of chrysanthemum behind. Again the silvered artemesia, shrubby, low spreading, creeps under a gray sage; the light green of Dicentra eximia at the foot of an out- standing clump of chrysanthemums grades up to the high dark mass of aconitum. Here and there gray tulip leaves, flax, and chickweed repeat the tone, binding the whole into one delightful setting for the varicolored flowers. Does all this seem too crowded a com- munity, too involved a process, too difficult of upkeep? It is not any of these. To me, it is the ideal way. Great tulips have, for some years now, appeared through the mat pink which carpets the peony border; narcissus bloom among the shoots of the lovely little Scotch rose; autumn crocus have a setting of green to set off their naked flowers. This is Nature’s way. Although we may lose some of the beauty of a finely grown specimen, we attain equally beautiful results. To be sure, we find one species perhaps too ram- pant, another too intolerant, but such are surprisingly few and each time I see a garden of individuals, each an oasis in a desert of earth, clean cultivated earth at that, I regret the neglected opportunities. Planning Feature Gardens for Special Effects By Stephen F. Hamblin, M assachusetts [Editor’s Note: These suggestions for the treatment of a limited area about the house are prepared by a professional Landscape Designer. In each case a definite area is in mind to keep the problem concrete. It must not be supposed that any of these plans could be actually carried out in any place that you have in mind, but, modified by local circumstances, they will serve as examples of methods of treat- ment, and even in sectional parts may be adapted to fit into larger general treatments. The planting lists are also to be regarded as sug- gestive, the plants named being regarded as types for which others may frequently be substituted according to availability , personal preference, etc.] I. A FORMAL GARDEN FOR FRAGRANCE (See blueprint plan, page 20) THE Fragrance Garden is planned to be a part of a larger formal garden, and the herbs used are mostly subshrubs that will hold their fragrant foliage the seasons through. To plant the beds full enough for immediate effect it will take about a thousand herbs, at a cost of $75 to $100, planted. The cost of construction would be figured with that of the larger garden. Since this garden is supposed to be in a region where box and lavender are hardy, as in the Middle Atlantic States, little snow will cover the beds; so the planting is par- ticularly arranged to be effective all winter. Except for a few herbs whose other charac- ters make them desirable in a sweet-herb garden, the plants hold their foliage through- out the year. Further, the odor of their foliage may be just as strong some sunny day in the middle of winter as when the garden lays full under the summer’s sun. Little emphasis has been put on showy flowers; but many of the herbs have rather small flowers, in shades of pink, lavender, and light blue, which harmonize well with the foliage. In great measure the foliage has a gray-green tone, quiet at all seasons of the year, and the garden might well be called a gray garden. With this main idea of persistent gray- green foliage, and flowers of pale tones, we can arrange our materials in the beds con- sidering particularly their height and foliage textures. As it is easy to get too many fragrances in a garden of this kind we take a dozen well-known herbs that have in general the odor of thyme and lavender. With this fragrance as the centre of interest of the garden we can add other less fragrant but taller-growing herbs to give a more finished garden effect. Only perennial herbs are used, as when once planted the garden is to remain unchanged for years. From its very position the garden is regular in outline, and a rather symmetrical arrangement of the plants is followed, though the two sides of the garden are of similar but not always the same materials. There will be a feeling of repose in this garden, but not monotony nor rigidity, as the herbs will be allowed to grow in their own free way. First to arrange the taller herbs at the back against the wall, and in the corners. Lavender and tarragon balance well, are alike, and yet unlike, and their slender branches show to good advantage against the wall, which is of the softer tones of con- crete or stone rather than brick. In front of these, lower in growth and broader in leaf, more compact in habit, yet not too different, we will place belts of hyssop, rosemary, germander, and hoarhound. These four are wonderfully alike in habit and harmonious in color. In front of these, as edging against the walk, sweet marjoram and common thyme will serve well. As they grow out upon the walk they should be clipped, unless extreme irregularity in the line of the bed is desired. To fill the four corners of the garden such tall fine- leaved herbs as southernwood and Roman worm- wood are chosen ; or if this gives too balanced an effect more rosemary may be put in one of the corners. Against the semicircular wall gas plant and sweet clematis (Clematis Davidiana) will give greater height than the other plants of the garden, a different character of foliage and bright flowers in summer. To hide their fall in autumn, common sage, or other broad-leaved herb with persistent foliage, will face them down. The planting by the arbor takes the peculiar foliage and odor of rue, faced on one side by the narrow leaved lavender cotton, which is evergreen, and on the inside by the broad leaved balm, which has also tfie strong lemon odor. The groups of peppermint and spearmint are of doubtful value in this garden. It seems odd to ex- clude them from a garden of sweet herbs, but they are weedy, die to the ground in autumn, and unless their roots are confined they will spread out into the grass. If we want them w'here we may pinch their leaves as we pass by, perhaps we can put them under the sweet brier roses, and leave open the space that they occupy on the plan, that we may walk close to the sundial. A small sundial, of form suited to the design of the garden, is not inappropriate in a planting of this sort ; but unless set far enough from the arbor to be in full sun dur- ing the middle of the day, perhaps a bird bath or gazing globe would be better. Its base may be planted with the golden leaved variety of mother-of-thyme (Thymus ser- pyllum, var. aureum) instead of grass, in allusion to the old saying that “Time is golden.” It would be quite possible to carpet the whole central panel with mother- of-thyme instead of grass, but that would give too much thyme odor. The arbor should be lightly covered with vines, with merely enough foliage to give a suggestion of shade and coolness in summer. The oldfashioned Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica), rather than Hall’s variety, will give fragrant white flowers in May and June, while the foliage will be effective most of the winter. This must not be allowed to grow too rankly, or the arbor will soon be nothing else. For bloom in autumn the climbing knotweed (Polygo- num Baldschuanicum) will give a fleecy- 19 white mass of fragrant bloom, or the pani- cled Japanese clematis will do as well. Since we are not considering the exterior planting of the garden we merely indicate sweet brier (Rosa rubiginosa), sweet fern (Comptonia asplenifolia) and fragrant su- mac (Rhus aromatica) along the outer side of the arbor to carry out the fragrance idea. II. A SMALL ROSE GARDEN (See blueprint plan, page 20) THIS may be a feature on a large estate terminating an important walk, or as the formal garden in a small lot. The hardy everblooming roses and various ramblers will prolong the season of bloom of the hybrid roses, while single roses of many species, will carry out the rose idea as well as acting as a screen for the garden. Hardy spring bulbs give an early show of bloom and hardy phlox will come on after the rose season is largely passed. These plants may cost from $400 to $500, and the work of construction possibly as much more, de- pending on the existing condition of the grounds and the management of the work. The screen planting of shrubs which ties the garden with the general shrub planting of the estate, and as well gives the garden seclusion from within, is made up of the rose type of shrubs, planned to give a great show of white and pink flowers in June and July, when the garden is at its best, though some of the shrubs, as the flowering rasp- berries under the large flowering dogwoods, that give height to the screen at the north end of the garden, are in bloom most of the summer. The large masses of rugosa roses close the ends of the arbor; these with the hybrids that accompany them will give scattered bloom all summer, and the climb- ing roses and clematis upon the arbors and posts leading from the house will give con- siderable bloom after the season of the gar- den roses is passed. To separate the garden on the sides from the lawn we will try a row of tall posts connected by chains rather than a hedge, and upon these train some of the single-flowered hybrids of Rosa wichuraiana, particularly some of Walsh’s newer hybrids in the lighter shades, to avoid color clashes with the roses in the beds. To frame the walk to the orchard twro pyramidal arborvitaes are introduced, and a group of dwarf Japanese yew at the end of the central panel makes contrast of dark green in summer with the flowers or in winter with the snow; but for the most part the interest is with the show of hybrid roses in June and such display as the everbloomers give later in the season. The Hybrid Perpetualsare arranged some- what regularly in the two outer beds, while the turf panel between them and the walk Rhus T HE G A R D E N M A G AZIN E February, 10 15 /. Dictamnus a /bus G os Plan t 2. Clematis Duridianu Sweet Clemutis 3. So Isia eft <c in a /is Sage h.Sanro/ina incuna Lavender Cotton 5. Ruta grave o le ns Rue 6. Artemisia Abrotonum Southernwood 7. A rtemisia pontic a Roman Wormwood 8. Louandu /a yera L ovende r 9. Rosmarinus officinalis Rose many. 10. Artemisia Drocuncu/us To rr agon 11. Hass opus officinalis Hyssop . 12. Origanum ru/gare Swe et tforjer am id. Thymus vu /a or is Thyme-. !■*-. Aiu rru oium va/gare Hoar hound 15. tie/issa otficinolis Balm H. Teucrium chamoedrys Germander 17. tfantho spicata Spearmint 18 Mentha piperita Peppermint 19. Thy/., us serpw/ium aureus Golden Thu 20. Buxus Dwarf y me suffruticosa Box . An unusual scheme for a forma! garden. This is made with fragrant leaved herbs and is in effect all the year A better than ordinary rose garden, in which color harmonies are studied, and where shrubbery roses are used to frame the more formal beds February, 1915 T H E GARDEN M A G AZIN E *21 allows inspection from a near or further range. Four of the very robust growers are placed in the corners— Frau Karl Druschki, the very best white; Margaret Dickson, another white that is very woody in growth; Magna Charta, deep pink, and Soliel d’Or, yellow, both of stout branching habit, in the south bed. In the north bed we then arrange three good red sorts and one more white, making this a bed of con- trast of deep red and white; in the south bed, a similar grouping of the lighter shades of pink with one deep red. In front of these we will put a row of Hybrid Teas, in the three colors — white, pink, and red — the red on each side being on the centre of the beds. The central bed is planned to give bloom all summer, so the most robust everbloomers are used. The three sorts that make the middle row are chosen rather for their height and vigor than their bloom, for they are not continuous bloomers. Hermosa and Clothilde Soupert are true bedding roses, and will be all that are needed to give a bed of flowers all summer, but I have suggested using also the Crimson and Pink Baby Ramblers, with an edging of White Baby Ramblers. We have supposed that Tea Roses will not stand the winters of the region for which this garden is planned, but there is a place near the arbor on each side where the Cochet roses, which stand considerable zero weather when properly cared for, may be planted. If they are a failure, their place may be taken entirely by some summer-blooming perennial as garden phlox, which may be introduced in several points in the garden (not too near the roses) to give color in mid- summer. The Hybrid Tea Roses should be faced down with some permanent low perennials, such as creeping phlox (Phlox subulata), white horned violet (Viola cornuta, var. alba), white stonecrop (Sedum album), or other ground cover herb that suits the soil, while thousands of white squills, (Scilla sibirica, var. alba) and spring and autumn crocus (Crocus vernus and Colchi- cum autumnale) in their white forms rather than in the blue or purple, tucked away under the roses, will give interest to the garden when the roses are dormant. The central panel, too, may be assisted in its purpose by a few herbs. A few thous- and giant snowdrops (Galanthus Elwesii) will wait impatiently for you to uncover them in March, or even hurry the season for you; and some low herb with scarlet flowers, as the coral bells (Heuchera san- guinea) will blaze forth before the roses get started and make a pleasing companion for them through the summer. The planting list follows, the number at the beginning of each line is the reference number on the plan ENTRANCE PLANTING ABOUT a COUNTRY RESIDENCE. STEPHEN F. HAMBLIN, BOSTON, MASS L ANDSC APE Ot SIGNER. NOVEMBER, /?/-7 ric an * Etrn Burberry r‘ /<U net MOO dJZZfK’s/ Snow be. rry . /?e d - fr uiteiL, — LJap an <zs%> \ChokebernA // burnum • Maple. Flowering Crab fiburnam ., Japanest \BorberrL NA TURA L WO 0D5 OAK AND CHESTNUT N A TUR AL WOODS Undergrowth o{ Witch Ha^et Native Undergrowth This planting scheme for an entrance and turn-around will make a general appeal. It has features that may be adopted separately to fit smaller places in whole or in part 2 2 THE GARDEN M A G A Z I N E February, 1915 page 20 ; where a second figure is given it refers to the quantity required. HYBRID PERPETUAL ROSES, 12 EACH 1 . General Jacqueminot 7 . Baron de Bonstettin 2. Mrs. John Laing 8. Margaret Dickson 3. Magna Charta 9. Louis Van Houtte 4. Frau Karl Druschki 10. Captain Christy 5. Paul Neyron 11. Clio 6. Marchioness of London- 12. Soleil d’Or derry HYBRID TEA ROSES, 12 EACH 13. Grass an Teplitz 16. La France 14. Etoile de France 17. Kaiserin Augusta Victoria 15. Mad. Caroline Testout 18. White La France ROSES ON CHAIN FENCE, 4 EACH Hiawatha Minnehaha Delight Wedding Bells Evangeline Snowdrift EVERBLOOMERS 19. 24 Hermosa 24. 12 Maman Cochet 20. 24 Clothilde Soupert 25. 12 White Maman Cochet 21. 12 Perle des Blanches 26. 24 Baby Rambler 22. 12 Coquette des Blanches 27. 24 Baby Dorothy 23. 12 Souv’r de laMalmaison 28. 100 White Baby Rambler CLIMBING ROSES AND VINES 29. 4 Rose Baltimore Belle 36. 4 Rose Excelsa 30. 2 Rose Dawson 37. 2 Clematis lanuginosa Jackmanni 31. 4 Rose Crimson Rambler 38. 2 Clematis lanuginosa Henryi 32. 2 Rose Dorothy Perkins 39. 2 Clematis lanuginosa Ramona 33- 2 Rose White Dorothy 40. 2 Clematis czerulea Duch- Perkins ess of Edinburgh 34- 2 Rose Debutante 41 . 4 Clematis czerulea Miss Bateman 35- 4 Rose Tausendschon TALL HERBS A. Phlox Richard Wallace D. Phlox Le Soliel B. Phlox Independence E. Phlox L’Esperance C. Phlox Miss Lingard F. Phlox Von Hochberg COVER HERBS G. 500 Viola comuta, var. L. i.ooo Galanthus Elwesii alba M. 2,000 Crocus vernus, H. 200 Sedum album var. albus I. 200 Phlox subulata, var. N. 2,000 Scilla sibirica, var. rosea alba J- 200 Phlox subulata, var. P. 500 Colchicum autum- alba nale, var. album K. 500 Heuchera sanguinea III. ENTRANCE PLANTING (See blueprint plan, page 21) A SUGGESTION is here made for the ar- rangement of shrubs about the west side of a country residence and the turn in the en- trance drive. The separate sections of this plan may be utilized for planting much smaller places. The shrubs used are gen- erally well-known sorts, arranged in a na- turalistic way, for screen, show of flowers all summer, and of fruit in autumn. As the house is not occupied after December 15 there is no provision for evergreens. For the area indicated it will take some thousand shrubs that may be planted for approxi- mately $200 depending upon local condi- tions and management. The herb planting may be put in later. The species chosen are all vigorous growers, bushy in habit, and not easily broken by the rough handling that may be expected along a drive that is much used. Further, these shrubs are not too vigorous growers, requiring frequent pruning or heading back, yet they are able to endure the winters of the northern tier of states, or Southern Canada. Each species contributes its part to the continuous procession of flowers, pink and white, from shadbush of May until each is laden with its clusters of characteristic fruits in late summer. We further ex- clude all plants of unusual or striking leafage and take mostly the simple leaf forms of the lilac and viburnum, for quiet effect of fol- iage. Though a screen, it is not a wilderness of tall shrubs. There are two important vistas to be left open, an unbroken lawn lies south from the house, and the main drive passes through a thick wood before it reaches the residence. The elms, sugar maples, and scarlet oaks, shown on the plan, are large trees, either native, or transplanted as large specimens and are not now con- sidered except that they greatly modify our planting. As the drive approaches the house at a steep up-grade and with rather abrupt curves the planting along it must be both kept back some little distance from it, and low enough that careless drivers may see over it. Though wide enough for autos to pass at any point, at the place marked “auto space” the drive is further widened that several machines may be left there to stand. To give a feeling of space here the planting is pushed well back against the wood, and a strip kept in turf. One spec- imen shrub or small tree maybe planted here to break the line of the turf, and yet the area will not seem to be taken up by plant- ing. One of the best varieties of flowering crabapple will represent this kind of a speci- men, though a Judas-tree or flowering dog- wood would do as well. The planting of the oval is particularly to be thought out, as this area is to be viewed from all sides and is directly in front of the main entrance. To give height in the centre, partly screening the drive from the terrace, flowering dogwood and shadbush are chosen, partly on account of their early and showy bloom, but also because they are native to the woods of the region. To strengthen them as a screen, some of the taller refined barberries will give a feeling of defence, while low dense forms, as Wil- son’s barberry and the creeping mahonia, border the abrupt turns in the drive. The barberries are particularly valuable here for their habit of growth, their pleasing leaf and bright fruit, though their fragrant little yellow flowers are not to be forgotten. To fill in at their bases some of the native wild roses are effective in leaf, flower, and fruit, and by their thorns suggest the same pur- pose as barberries. As edging and ground cover no better herb can be found than the Japanese evergreen spurge (Pachysandra terminalis), as it thrives under all conditions of soil and shade. As a second choice we might consider periwinkle (Vinca minor), but it lacks the height of the evergreen spurge. The service end of the house is hidden by tall lilacs, Tartarian honeysuckles, and high- bush cranberries. Each is in a large group by itself, with lower related species, similar but ( different in habit and flower, to face it down. The idea of a defensive screen is carried out by the tall common barberry and the lower Japanese barberry planted with them. Perhaps there is too much of the barberry type of foliage, but the red autumn fruit has made a special appeal to the owners of this home. Along the vistas, under the large trees there are few berry-bearing shrubs that will stand shade conditions so well as the snow- berry and Indian currant. These will make bending masses of red and white berries along the turf, the snowberry in the more open spaces, and the Indian currant under the trees. The western coralberry, a delicate Indian currant in habit of growth, is given the prominent places where it may be admired. The planting back of the auto space against the wood is mostly of the large- leaved native viburnums, an arrangement favored by the existing viburnums that make the undergrowth of the wood. Across the drive, the undergrowth is mostly witch- hazel, and this fact suggests that other yellow-flowering shrubs may be grouped on this side of the drive, particularly a group of forsythia, to give its early show of yellow bells where the drive emerges from the wood. After their bloom is passed their foliage has a family resemblance to the privets and lilacs, and even to the white fringe that gives the airy whiteness of the shadbush in late spring, but in fruit hangs its blue drupes like its neighbor, the nannyberry. The elder that borders the drive through the wood may be a continuation of natural plantings further back along the drive as it passes through the meadows near the en- trance at the main road. Other groups of shrubs that are introduced on the plan bear some real or fancied resem- blance to or difference from those about them. The three or four main types of shrubs (lilac, barberry, honeysuckle, vibur- num) being arranged, these details may be infinitely varied. The brick of the terrace wall may be partly covered by the evergreen euonymus, the common form where the drive is near to the wall, and the fruiting form (var. vegetus) where there is room for its spread- ing twigs to carry their load of scarlet fruits. Boston ivy will help the lilacs to mask the service end of the house, but if that is not reliably hardy, then Engelmann’s creeper, as suggested for the wall of the service yard, will serve the same purpose. On the porte cochere some vines with not too heavy foliage will be most in keeping. Akebia or clematis (white-flowered species) will appropriately twine up the posts by the steps, while wisteria may drape the structure itself. IV. A GARDEN OF DWARF SHRUBS (See blueprint plan, page 24) rp'HIS may represent the semi-formal A feature of a small place, planned as a part of the living lawn near the house terrace or piazza. Instead of herbs the lower, rarer shrubs are used, chosen for their habit, flowers, and fruit. Unless the site were unfavorable for garden operations the soil could be made ready for $200 to $300, but the plants themselves, from reliable sources, could not be bought for less than $800, a February, 1915 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 23 the evergreen shrubs should cost about a dollar apiece. Were other low shrubs, as dwarf spireas and deutzias, substituted for these the cost of garden material could be reduced to perhaps $300, but many of those sorts now named are still not common in nurseries, and can be obtained only with difficulty. The planting serves two purposes; it partly separates a definite area of turf from the main lawn, and gives a show of color, particularly pink and white, through the spring and summer months. The planting itself is of two parts — that which frames the lawn near the terrace, and the more densely planted area which terminates the garden as seen from the house. As we suppose the ground rises gently from the house in the direction in which this garden is built the only really tall shrubs which we use are those at the end of the garden, though others are suggested on both sides of the garden, extending beyond the region we are now considering. First, as to the planting about the en- closed lawn, from the terrace wall to the first cross walk. Some of the new low- growing species of barberries have made an appeal to us; two large groups of them are suggested at the end of the play lawn and a mass of them against the terrace wall. They will be pleasing at all seasons of the year, and will stand the wear of children playing about them, yet they are not tall enough to catch clothing. You may have a feeling that there should be something between these two plantings to break the expanse of turf, but there is not room for masses of shrubs and children. If you wish an evergreen or two to look at in winter perhaps a tiny Japanese yew (Taxus cuspi- data, var. brevifolia) will satisfy you; but you may at length decide that even a pair of them look lost in the grass and so move them elsewhere. A pair of low trees, as some of the flower- ing apples, will give a bit of shade and color and not take too much room. I have sug- gested Sargent’s crab (Malus Sargentiae) as it does not grow very high nor widely enough to interfere with the simple games of the children. The roses, and other shrubs that accompany the barberries at the terrace carry out the same color and form of flower as the apples, and are low, dense, and self-protecting in habit. The planting along the sides of the little lawn is, on the inner side, in the shape of an informal low hedge, of low dense growth, simple foliage, and showy simple flowers. Two similar dwarf shrubs could be used instead of those indicated — say Deutzia gracilis and Kerria japonica, if you wanted the yellow of the kerria. Beyond the low hedge are irregular groups of other low shrubs which will bloom in midsummer. Again, any low shrubs of neat habit and pleasing flowers may be used. The centre of interest is the rectangular beds beyond the play lawn. This area is enclosed by shrubs of an evergreen character whose flowers are pink or white and appear early in the season. The soil I have sup- posed favorable for heaths, so many of the low-growing rhododendrons and their kin will make a grand display in early spring. If the soil is unsuited, or their initial cost and care too great an item for this planting, a group of the low summer-blooming spireas would put the interest in this part of the garden later in the season. There should be some ground cover — nothing is better than periwinkle (Vinca minor). The terminus of the garden may be a tall group of junipers (or arborvitae) with some of their lower relatives as edging. Between these a group of the tender autumn-bloom- ing shrubs (Vitex, Buddleia, Elsholtzia) will be particularly effective in September, in shades of lavender, and they can be made to endure our winters at least as far north as Chicago. The four rectangular beds have each a particular type of plant on exhibition. One (No. 48-51) bears yellow pea-blossoms in midsummer; a second (No. 44-47) the fra- grant little pink flowers of Daphne in May; another (No. 40-43) displays the horizontal habit, tiny flowers and fruit of the low co- toneasters; the fourth (No. 36-39) shows dwarf Japanese azaleas in a mass of rose- purple in spring. And each bed has its charm in winter as well. The gazing-globe, which represents the focus of the garden, should be set off by evergreen foliage, as suggested by dwarf Japanese holly (Ilex crenata, var. nana), heather (Calluna vul- garis), and woolly thyme (Thymus Serpyl- lum, var. lanuginosus) at its base. PLANTING No. Name. 1. Tavus cuspidata, var.. LIST Size Quan- tity Distance apart brevifolia 2. Junipems virginiana, var. 18-24 in. 6 2 ft. Schottii 3. Juniperus sabina, var. 4-5 ft. 20 3 ft. tamariscifolia .... 4. Juniperus sinensis, var. 18-24 in. IO 2 ft. procumbens .... 5. Thuya occidentalis, var. 18-24 in. 20 2 ft. Little Gem .... 12-18 in. 25 12 in. 6. Malus Sargentiae 2-2 £ ft. 2 specimen 7 . Prunus sinensis, 11. pi. . lJ-2 ft. 20 2 ft. 8 . Berberis dictyophylla 9. Buddleia variabilis, var. lJ-2 ft. 65 2 ft. magnifica 2-3 ft. 20 3 ft. 10. Elsholtzia Stauntonii l\~2 ft. 12 3 ft. 1 1 . Calluna vulgaris .... 15-18 in. 40 12 in. 12. Vitex incisa 1 5-2 ft. 25 3 ft. 13. Rhododendron ferrugineum 15-18 in. 15 2 ft. 14. Rhododendron hirsutum 15-18 in. IO 2 ft. IS- Rhododendron arbutifolium 18-24 in. 12 3 ft. 16. Rhododendron myrtifolium 18-24 in. 31 2-3 ft. 17. Ilex crenata, var., nana 2-25 ft. 120 2 ft. 18. Pieris floribunda. 15-18 in. 27 2-21 ft. 19 . Pieris japonica .... 15-18 in. 35 2-3 ft. 20. Leucothoe Catesbtei 18-24 in. 25 3 ft. 21. Leucothoe axillaris . 18-24 in. 22 3 ft. 22. Spirtca Bumalda. 18-24 in. 120 2 ft. 23. Philadelphus microphyllus 24. Kerria japonica, var. 2-2 j ft. 80 2 ft. variegata . . . 18-24 in. 15 2 ft. 25. Lespedeza Sieboldii 3 yr. 40 2 ft. 26 . Lespedeza bicolor 27. Chaenomeles (Cydonia) 3 yr- 3° 2 ft. Maulei . . 28. Chaenomeles Maulei, var. 18-24 in. 10 2 ft. alba 18-24 in. 8 2 ft. 29 . Berberis Wilsonae 12-15 in. IO 2 ft. 30. Berberis buxifolia 15-18 in. 30 2I ft. 31. Berberis stenophylla 18-24 in. 18 2-3 ft. 32. Berberis concinna t8»-24 in. 20 2-3 ft. 33 . Ceanothus hybridus 12-18 in. 35 2-3 ft. 34. Caryopteris Mastacanthus 12-15 in. 30 25-3 ft. 35. Itea virginica .... 12-18 in. 20 2-3 ft. 36. Rhododendron amcenum . 37. Rhododendron amcenum, 18-24 in. 20 2 ft. var. obtusum .... 18-24 in. 20 2 ft. 38. Rhododendron Kaempferi . 39. Rhododendron rosmarini- 18-24 in. 40 2, ft. folium 15-18 in. 25 2 ft. 40. Cotoneaster horizontalis 12-15 in. 25 2 ft. 41. Cotoneaster adpressa . 12-18 in. 25 2 ft. 42. Cotoneaster rotundifolia 12-15 in. 25 2 ft. 43 . Cotoneaster microphylla 12-15 in. 25 2 ft. 44. Daphne mezereum . 45. Daphne mezereum, var. 18-24 in. 20 2 ft. album 18-24 in. 20 2 ft. 46 . Daphne Blagayana . 12-15 in. 60 ij ft. 47. Daphne Cneorum . 12-15 in. 50 1 5 ft. 48. Genista tinctoria 24-30 in. 25 2 ft. 49 . Coronilla emerus 18-24 in. 15 i j ft. 50. Cytisus scoparius 18-24 in. 50 2 ft. 51. Cytisus capitatus 12-18 in. 13 I5 ft. 52. Lonicera spinosa 12-18 in. 20 2 ft. 53 . Rosa spinosissima . 12-18 in. 40 2 ft. 54. Vinca minor 55. Thymus Serpyllum, var. 2 yr. 2,000 6 in. lanuginosus .... 2 yr. 200 6 in. Evergreens as a Screen on a Hillside Site By W. H. Richie, L"”fa.pI*£'n"' [Editor’s Note: The plan accompanying this article ( see page 24) shows an average suburban site in which the problems of (1) mak- ing a garden to fit the house, (2) screening from surroundings were dominant. Such conditions are not at all unusual and the free use of ever- greens is always advisable for such a case quite apart from any considerations of their own richness of color and beauty of form.] THE accompanying planting plan shows the layout of a moderate sized suburban property in the vicinity of Philadelphia. The extent of the property as shown is 200 ft. along the street, with a depth of 165 ft. The hillside slopes to the south with a drop of about 25 ft., or a 15 per cent, grade. The architects designed a Dutch Colonial house, facing west, with a roomy southern porch and a service wing to the northeast. This arrangement gives an ideal plan, with southwest living room and a southeast dining room, both of which command a good view over the valley. The first floor is about seven feet below the sidewalk — but the driveway is not too steep for traffic, and though the turn- around seems large for the place, sixty feet is not too great a diameter in these days of long automobiles. The general layout of the grounds — the drive, the paths, terraces and drying yard — was ail determined with the house plan by the architects. The hill was terraced, so that surface drainage was taken care of, and so that level lawns were available for a drying yard and a play- house: terrace T H E G A R D E N M AGAZIN E February, 1915 24 [y/777/] NOTE: The firsT numotr ind/cc/tes the. type of plant as shown on the planting list; the second the quant/ tip in the hed Shrubs CROQUET LAWN. Planting plan for a garden in which flowering shrubs are chiefly featured. It has the advantage of permanency with continuous and changing interest at all seasons. The specilicat ions are given on page 23. S. F Hamblin, Designer W Planting- jw ■ ) • Jor- a- ^Hillside- Property* ■ Evergreens 3*C-No Variety- 5ec Tto Variety 1 • 1 • Pine- Austrian \z 3 Pine-5tN»i5 Jit'n Z-4 " White 13 3 " Mugho 3 • 2 ■ Spruce- Douglass- 14 10 Retmospora m -Variety -4 '5- " • Norway 15 4 Yew Japanese 5 ■ 5 " -Oriental- It- 7- Arb<*r Vitae in Var 4> - 13 " -Hemlock- 17- *• Juniper • D*»arf m-thr 7 l Fir - T^orJman- 18-8 Bo< Globe &P*jratn 6 1 " • Concolor- 19 4 MaKoma & 1 ley- C*en 9- 1 *' • Cepha toman 20 *o Azalea tfioocWge«i. 10- 1 VeitcVies 21'*- Luonymoub Japomca ill- I •• Frazer's- 22-24 RboJo<3encl»On Hybr • D ec \ d vo os- Plan ts 23 -3 Cornws • ^loridus 44-12- Cornus • 5ib 5an 79a* <ztc 24 3* 5pirea • callosa elbo 45 3 Car pious Americana 23 3 Hhodotypos kcrrioid *6 -7- 5ali» Incana- Zb 1 Chiononthus Amcr 47 7- Ll«agna3 Parvifter® 27 3 Spirea . Van Roatci- 4 gS Li strum A mar enl* 26 3- Euonymous Alatu* 49 l- Coryl u> F^r^ure* 29 5 Cornua- p. -1-V«r- rubr-ao-5- Cere is Canadensis 30 7 Symphoeicarpus r*< 31 I- E-Xockordd ^raml'ifl 31 ft C>*<-berris- Thur,brrgi32 S Rhus ■ ty l»"ia- etc 32-12- Lustrum J?«ge l/an«.»i 53-U Wyc1ra*->g<?ei Pan- Gr 33 3- 5 1 yra* Japonic* 34 U- Brr berris & SympTi in 34 -3 Viburnum tomen'to- 33-zl Forsytes inVar (l vJav” ii S3 1 Acer polyrnorpYiurn 34 17 Ozulx.a graollb S.JVrt>- 3t 3 Aralie -p«nta pbyllo 37 7 Berber ris Tbunncrg’u 37 > C emus floricta 38 '50- Pere ooiai.3 in Variety 3* 3 Lon'.cero j ro grant 1 38- C Y/e«gc)a ■ earn* & L Ralli 39 3- Deutzia PofRoch- bo S Vi burn p/ici Philad cer- -40 3 Acer Tartar Gin tl S’ Spirca _A1 10- Stjrin 30 in Variety fcZ- 7- F©c**j-»hi« suspvnca _42- 3 QxycWnJr Arbor- t3 3 .Ptfulxia l_*meinei 43 I Cr.itecgos.Corclala t4-> Ace» lap in V«)r In this garden evergreens are featured because they give effects in the winter as well as in the summer. The taller kinds are used to give permanent screen. W. H. Richie, Designer. See page 23 February, 1915 T H E G A R 1) E N M A G A Z I N E 25 ground, as well as a fairly level platform for the house to rest upon. The latter was especially desirable for a colonial house. The landscape designer was called in after all this was graded and the lawn well established. The client desired to have a planting scheme which would recognize the following conditions: The owner of this property lived across the street to the northwest and did not wish his view of the valley obstructed in any way by the planting upon the new place — not even by a hedge. He wished to give the house a good setting and also insure privacy to the service quarters. A semi-pri- vate lane along the eastern boundary had to be screened, and the service path to the kitchen door should be as private as possible. A plantation was needed between the driveway turn- around and the top of the second ter- race, so that traffic would apparently be kept from sliding off down the bank. And yet plants must be used which would not grow too tall or those which would stand shearing or careful pruning. Shade was very much needed on the southwest corner of the house. In order to obtain this quickly, three trees were planted quite close together — using trees of a fan-shaped type, so that neither the view nor the summer breeze would be ob- structed. The elm will probably be re- tained as the per- manent tree. Another requisite was to enhance, if possible, the south- ern view over Jersey farm land. The plan shows how the cen- tral section of the boundary was ! left open, and the wild cherry trees which were already grow- ing just beyond the boundary line were reinforced with specimen ever- greens. A grove of fir trees was planted in the southwest corner, so as to ulti- mately break the skyline here and concentrate one’s at- tention on the best part of the view — toward two distant hills. This grove is balanced by pines in the southeast corner. The drying yard was bounded on two sides by retaining walls; along the top of each wall some planting of a defensive nature was necessary to keep one from walk- ing over the edge. These were the most important planting problems to be considered, and the manner in which they were solved will be apparent after a study of the plan and the horticul- tural specifications. The proper screening of the eastern boun- dary was of great importance, not only for the sake of privacy from the daily traffic up and down the lane, but so that the neighbor to the eastward should not have to look right into the kitchen door. As the residence is for occupation throughout the year, it seemed neces- sary to use evergreens of a dense bushy growth for the backbone of the plant- ation. In fifteen or twenty years, these specimens, though planted about twelve to fifteen feet apart, should make a dense and compact screen, and because of their variety, a very pleasing composi- tion in color and texture should result. Hemlock spruce, because of its long life and graceful, feathery foliage, is used in the main, with Oriental and Douglas spruces for accents in the border. A few Norway spruce, because of their fast growth and low cost were used as fillers in temporary positions. For the sake of immediate screen- ing a large number of small trees and shrubs have been used in among the spruces. The key to the plan gives the names and number of plants used in the various sections of the plantations. White dogwoods for their early flowering and autumn red berries; Oxyden- drum or sorrel tree for its interesting “ lily-of- the- valley ” flower and wonder- ful crimson autumn foliage; the dwarf Tartarian maple, for its beautiful dense and persistent foli- age; the cordata or Washington haw- thorn for its color and fruit, as well as giving more height to the plantation ; and a good assort- ment of lilacs for their flowers are used along the eastern boundary. The Cornus family is re- presented by several species: the san- guinea and Siberian for their red bark, which is especially interesting in fall and wi n ter ; the s tolo- nifera aurea for its contrasting yellow bark, as an accent where such is needed ; and the pan- iculata and mascula for their white and red berries respectively. A few other trees not listed in the key — such as Ailanthus glandulosa, Aralia japon- ica and Amelanchier canadensis — are used as temporary accents. A well balanced fruit garden for the average surburban lot, on a space 60 x 50 ft. (See page 26) On an acre a very practical fruit garden can be established. Small fruits are here allowed to occupy about one half the area. References; A, apple; B, pear; C, cherry; D. peach; E, quince; F, blackberries; G, raspberries; H. goose- berries; K. currants; M, strawberries; N, grapes; O, plums; P, driveway. (Plans by J. R. Mattem. See page 26) 26 THE GARDEN MAGAZIN E February, 1915 The plantation screening the service wing from the street is of similar material, so as to preserve unity but a few of the plants are of higher horticultural value. In the shade of the house, a large bed of rhododendrons helps to soften the lines of the building, as well as giving a pleasing finish to the plantation. The dwarf Japanese maples, in variety of color and texture, with specimen ever- greens, give accent to the front of the house and evergreen boxwood at the entrance step is in harmony with the Colonial design. The rest of the planting is very simple in character, and no effort is made to make a show or in any way to detract from the beauty of the architecture. The sun-dial and herbaceous garden in the turn around give enough formality to complete the picture. Low growing evergreens can be used effectively in restricted spaces and are in character throughout the year (Ilex crenata and Taxus cuspidata) In formal gardens for summer enjoyment use annuals and perennials freely to give masses of color. Use high growing plants as accents and vines on posts Planning a Fruit Garden to Fit — By J. R. Mattern, Pevnan„7a' (See Planting Plans on page 25) [Editor’s Note: The layout of a fruit garden offers little opportunity for variety of design. The chief purpose in this case is to get the best actual returns with a minimum of labor. The available area will largely determine what kinds and the region governing largely the varieties. Mr. Mattern makes recommendations from the viewpoint of home quality in the region where there are most homes.] YOU want as many different fruits as possible, within the limits set by your climate — in the middle climatic belt you should plant at least twelve kinds, as listed in the speci- fications for the planting plans given here. The varieties should be those suited to your locality; and, of course, of the highest quality and suited to the different household purposes, such as canning, eating, raw, etc. Divide the available space in your garden among the fruits according to your food needs and your personal preferences. De- termine how many plants or trees of each kind to set by considering how much of each kind of fruit you can use, and how much of your garden room each will occupy when spaced properly. Vegetables may be grown between the apple, peach, and pear trees, and even between the gooseberry and currant bushes. You cultivate the fruit while taking care of the vegetables. Plan to set your fruit in the spring, say in March or April. The first half of May will do better than to wait till fall if you find yourself getting late with the plans. In arranging the different fruits in your garden, attention should be given to convenience of cultivating and harvesting, to economy of space, to sun, shade and prevailing wind, and to beauty of effect. If planned carefully your fruit garden will make a decided addition to the beauty of your landscape plan. I like to place the tallest growing trees toward the west, and at the “back” of the garden, if possible. This means away from the house. Then, nearer, successively, I like ' to plant the lower fruits till at our feet, next the house, is the strawberry bed. A garden built like this is like an arena, and easily can be given the Japanese effects if you like them. Standard apple trees are the tallest trees, followed by sweet cherry trees, pear, and peach, in order. When dwarf pears and apples are used, the cherry and peach trees are the largest you will have, and even plum and quince trees will be larger than the little apple and pear trees. Blackberries grow larger than raspberries, and gooseberries usually are larger than currants. Pears get along best with little or no cul- tivation (dwarfs excepted), while peaches must be cultivated. This may make a difference in the most desirable position for each of these fruits in your garden. The shape of your garden, and its slope also will modify the arrangement best to use. A steep garden might look best and be best with the tallest fruits at the bottom, ap- parently flattening the grade, or it might look best with the tall fruits at the top of the hill, accentuating the steepness. These points are for your decision, after all due deliberation and meditation. The planting plans printed on page 25 are arranged, you will note, to make square or nearly square gardens. The specification tables give the number of square feet to allow for each fruit, as well as the distance between the trees or plants, in order to make easy the necessary alterations for dif- ferent shaped gardens. These planting plans are made for the middle belt of states — New Jersey, Pennsylvania, New York, Ohio, Illinois, Iowa, etc. For localities farther north or farther south certain different selec- tions should be made, as has been explained during the past year in The Garden Mag- azine, and will be touched upon in detail from time to time during the coming months. Plan for a cinder path or road through your fruit garden. You will want to walk there and take your friends there, and the days will not all be bright and dry. SPECIFICATIONS No. Average Total Amount trees or dist. sq. ft. fruit plants apart Ft. 30 18 9,720 180 bu. 10 16 2,560 200 qts. 10 12 x 18 2,160 10 bu. 10 12 1,440 20 doz. 40 12 5,760 15 bu. 15 12 2,160 8 bu. 100 5 2,500 200 qts. 25 4 400 100 qts. 20 8 x 16 3,840 160 lbs. 300 615 600 qts. 8 x 650 5,000 ONE ACRE FRUIT GARDEN Apple Cherry Pear Quince Peach Plum Gooseberry . Currant Grapes Strawberries . . . . Road AVERAGE SUBURBAN FRUIT GARDEN, 50 X 60 FEET Fruit. No. Average Total Amount trees or dist. sq. ft. fruit plants apart Ft Apple (dwf.) . . . 8 8 576 IS bu. Pear (dwf.) . . . 2 8 128 2 bu. Peach . . 4 12 576 2 bu. Cherry . . 2 18 648 40 qts. Plum .... . . 4 9 324 50 qts. Quince . . 1 8 64 2 doz. Currant . . . 4 4 64 16 qts. Gooseberry . . . 6 4 96 3° qts. Strawberry . . . 100 i* 225 200 qts. Blackberry . . . 4 4x8 128 20 qts. Raspberry . . 8 4 128 20 qts. Grapes . . 4 4x8 192 32 lbs. IS YOUR seed order placed? Before all else make out the list of your requirements and get ready for the spring work. Place nursery orders too. S tudy the planting tables on pages 30 and 31 of this number and figure out your needs. Then read over again the „ , . . , practical articles in Early VeSetable £ Ja Gar. Seed Sowing den "Magazine. Seed sowing should be the watch word for this month. If you want quality as well as quantity in the vegetable garden start sowing seed indoors or in a hotbed now. To those who usually start gardening in May this may seem early, but plants started now usually escape the summer drought and always produce better results. French globe artichoke, started early this month, and kept potted as required, will produce heads this summer. Cabbage and cauliflower sown the latter part of February can be transferred to flats or to a frame when large enough. These will be ready for the table early in June. Celery started now will be ready for use in July, these are best handled in flats when they are large enough to dibble off. Egg-plant and peppers should be sown the latter part of February and carried along in pots. Onions sown in flats and later dibbled into other boxes where they have more space, will rival in size the finest Bermudas, and as they are very mild and even excel in quality. Leeks may be handled exactly like onions. Lettuce should be sown the latter part of this month; a small pan is sufficient to produce all the plants required. Transplant the young seedlings to flats when large enough to handle. Place them in a coldframe later on so as to harden them off before planting outdoors. A flat of parsley started late this month will be ready for planting in the garden much earlier than you can start seeds outdoors. Just sow the seed very thinly, and when the seedlings are fairly large place the flat in the frame to harden off. If (you have room in a frame where you have a heating pipe or a solid bench in the greenhouse try a few of the English kidney potatoes. They force well and are most delicious. Tomatoes for growing outdoors should be started the latter part of this month; they can be carried along in pots or can be handled in boxes. Pots, of course, pro- duce the better plants but take up con- siderably more space. THERE is a number of flowers to be started this month if you want good stocky plants for setting out. Ageratum, if wanted from seeds must be started now; also sow snapdragons. Both can be handled in flats. The first crop of asters should be sown Getting Ready for n0W; ^ make tOG Early Flowers THE MONTH'S REMINDER COMPILED WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE HOME GARDEN. FROM THE TEN YEARS’ DIARIES OF A PRACTICAL EXPERT GARDENER For reckoning dates, the latitude of New York City is generally taken as a standard. In applying the directions to other localities, allow six days’ difference for every hundred miles of latitude in the greenhouse must be started now. They should be grown on in pots, repotting them from time to time as occasion requires. Have you ever grown the orna- mental grasses? They are some of our most decorative plants, and can be sown in flats now and when large enough potted off in small clumpsinto 4-inch pots. Later on they will lend a picturesque character to the garden. Plants for Summer Beds START petunias and heliotrope so as to have good sized, stocky plants for setting out. Lobelia for bedding should be sown now, the entire patch wanted should all be started at one time to insure a uniform size. A flower garden without a bed of pansies or forget-me-nots seems to lack atmosphere; these should be started from seed now, in flats. Sow salpiglossis, salvia, and sca- biosa; you will have plants by bedding out time that are capable of producing flowers all summer. If you want quality sweet peas in your garden sow now in 4-inch pots. Put about four seeds in each pot; later on these can be thinned out to one. These young plants should be grown very cool, and placed in a coldframe just as soon as they show growth. The Scotch pansies or violas are far too little known although they are easy to grow. Get some seed and try them this year. Verbena seed started now will give good sized plants for setting out for summer flowers. rJ''HE secret of Set some seakale roots and force like rhubarb or aspara- gus in any warm dark corner. Roots may be dug from the garden or bought from the seedsmen Soil for Seed Sowing large a sowing as this plant flowers in crops sow now is for early Prune the berry and bush fruits so as to leave only productive wood; and tie up to stakes, etc. and what seed you flowers only. The seed of bedding begonia is very small and must be handled carefully. The tuberous type excellent for flowering in a shaded border, and which is ofttimes used in pots, may also be sown now. This is the time also for the bedding type of carnations and sweet Williams. These are usually handled in flats. The different types of celosia can now be sown; this is a very peculiar plant and should be handled in pots to produce the best results. Primulas and cvclamen for use next winter •ting seeds lies in having an open soil that admits air and water, yet does not become suddenly dry. An ideal soil for seed sowing is composed of equal parts loam and leaf- mold with about one eighth good sharp sand added to keep it open. This is mixed and sifted. Always sift the soil to be used. To allow for drainage, the pots, pans or boxes used for sowing should have about one inch of drainage placed in the bottom, composed of broken pots (crocks), cinders, stones, clam or oyster shells — or anything of that nature. Place about one half inch of sphagnum moss over the drainage material to keep the soil from running down; over this put some rough lumps from the soil screenings; then about two inches of soil over this. Pack firmly and smooth off the top for sowing. Be sure to firm the soil well as loose soil stays wet when watered and is the cause of “damping off.” TTHIS is the time to give the palms a good overhauling. All the plants that need repotting should have larger pots; where it is not possible to do this as much top soil as possible should be scraped out of the pot and a good rich mixture substituted. Stove plants and ornamentals in the house should also be handled in the same way. If you haven’t already applied a mulch to the carnations do so at once. The plants are growing rapidly at this time of year and should be disbudded regularly. BEDDING plants that are to be pro- pagated next month (such as coleus, geranium, alternanthera, etc.), must be started into growth so as to produce plenty of stock. If there is any danger of being short on the stock all Plants in Greenhouse Start Bedding Plants This geranium has been cut back and started to supply cuttings for this year’s plants. Now’s the time 27 28 T H E G A R D E N M A GAZIN E February, 1915 available cuttings should be taken and potted now and they can be topped again next month. DECORATIVE plants of various kinds that have lost their lower leaves and are unsightly, or which you desire to propa- gate, should be attended to at this time. It is very interesting work. A cut is made about half way through where the new plant T in Tall *s f^es*re<^ to start from; the stem, this is bound Plants around with sphagnum moss and raffia. A flower pot which has been cut in two lengthwise is placed around the moss so that when the roots start out they will be in the flower pot. Fill the pot with good soil. The cut must be kept well moistened until the plant is well rooted in the pot. The plant of course, must be thoroughly staked or the top will break off; after it is well rooted the stem can be sawed off just below the flower pot. Rubber plants, dracaena, aralia, dieffenbachia or anything of a like nature can be handled this way. WHILE the ground is still frozen have the manure spread over both flower and vegetable gardens. The usual procedure is to leave this until you actually must have it and then the ground is soft and paths and borders get cut up. Late this month you Garden and can s^art pruning fruit trees. This refers to Grounds young stock that requires spring pruning or the removal of all dead or superfluous wood on the trees that are bearing. CANE fruits such as blackberries, and raspberries can be gone over and pruned back late this month. Grapes that were not pruned last fall should be attended to at p . once. The grape fruits on new growth from last Fruits years canes. Any wood older than that is useless. This is a good time to give a good cleaning to the ornamental trees and shrubs on your place. All the foliage plants can be pruned now with the exception of the maple. Flowering shrubs that flower on new wood should be pruned now, such as hydrangea, roses, Bumalda type of spirea, also all young stock that is wanted to produce growth rather than flower. MAKE a resolution this year, at all events, if you have never done it before, to do all your gardening on definite plans. It will pay finally to carefully plan out on paper even the very smallest of Gardens. The various blue prints given elsewhere in this issue will help Garden y°u to UP ideas that will suit your particular Plans requirements. You may be able to adopt them bodily but more likely you will be able to use only a small portion of some one or other of the plans, perhaps modifying that somewhat to suit. There is an interesting little toy which has miniature gardens and standup plants, movable blocks and cutouts of trees, shrubs, etc., with model houses. These are instructive in helping you to group and visualize the planting ideas. Growing Exhibition Quality Sweet Peas • By William Gray, S THE WINNER OF THE CHALLENGE CUP AND OF “THE GARDEN MAGAZINE” ACHIEVEMENT MEDAL AT THE SWEET PEA SOCIETY’S SHOW LAST YEAR TELLS SIMPLY AND PLAINLY JUST HOW HE PRODUCED THE SENSATIONAL FLOWERS THAT WON THOSE HIGH HONORS SOW seed the early part of Febru- ary or even in the latter part of January — the flowers shown by me and which won the challenge cup at the Sweet Pea Society’s show in New York last year were from seed sown January 25th. I sow the seed in pans or flats in a light compost com- posed of loam, leafmold and sand making the compost quite moist so that very little water- ing is neccessary until after germination has taken place. The pans or flats are plac- ed in a frame which has a hot water pipe running around it, keeping the tem- perature about 40 degrees on cold nights. As soon as the seedlings have pushed above ground and before the tap-root gets to be more than an inch to an inch and a half long the seedlings are dibbled off into 35-inch pots, one plant in a pot, in a much richer compost than that in which they were sown, com- posed of two parts loam, one part well- rotted cow manure with the addition of a sprink- ling of bone meal. A piece of crock is placed in the bottom of each pot to provide drainage and prevent the tap-root from coming through. The pots are placed in the frame and carefully watered for a week or so. As they become established in the pots watering can be done freely and air given gener- ously on all favorable occasions, and as the season advances the sash is re- moved entirely during mild spells, the aim being to have the plants as hardy as possible to insure early planting to the open ground. Codfiling is fatal to success as it results in prematurely starting the i„~ *■ base growths and making the plants weak. A little heat, however, is beneficial in the first stage to assist germin- ation, especially in the case of white seeded varieties which are inclined to rot under too damp and cold conditions. If you do not happen to have a heated frame or a greenhouse, you could make up a mild hotbed to carry the plants through this stage; but, once the seedlings are potted off, a well protected coldframe from which frost can be ex- cluded is ideal. Even should frost penetrate on a cold night no harm will result if the young plants are kept shaded until thawed out. I prefer the method of sow- ing in pans to sowing directly in the pot, as in the subsequent handling all inferior looking seedlings can be discarded and Mr. Gray’s champion display of out-door grown sweet peas shown at the New York Exhibition of the American Sweet Pea Society. New York, 1914. The flowers are exception- ally large and the stems long and stout. February, 1 !> 1 5 T II E 2!) G A R 1) E N M A G AZIN E \ - the young plants are benefited by the change to fresh material. If carefully handled no loss will ensue. PLANTING OUT A well drained piece of ground, sheltered to some ex- tent from the strong cold winds of early spring should be chosen. Good results can be had by preparing the ground in the spring using well rotted manure along with bone and wood ashes and taking care to firm the ground well as trench- ing proceeds, but where pos- sible preparations should be laid in the fall by trenching to a depth of two and one- half to three feet, thoroughly enriching (especially in the two lower feet) with manure, bone and wood ashes. At this season the same procedure should be followed, of course, where preparations have not already- been made. Although a laborious operation it pays to trench the whole ground rather than only that portion where the row is to be planted, as the larger the body of trenched soil, the better the moisture will be retained. Where only one row is to be planted the trenching should be done at least four feet wide the length of the row. Either horse or cow manure can be used but a mixture of equal parts of each is superior to either used alone. Garden refuse, clippings from lawns, edgings from walks, etc., are valuable for digging into the subsoil to improve it. In the vicinity of Newport, R. I., planting out is done about the middle of April. If the plants have been well hardened, no harm will result even though frosts should be experienced after planting out. After digging the ground over a light dressing of super-phosphate worked into the surface when raking off will prove beneficial in giving the plants a good start. I prefer to plant in double rows, one foot between the rows and six to eighteen inches between the plants, with at least six feet between each double row. Slightly hollow the ground where the rows come, before planting, to se- cure a water catch. The distance between the plants is deter- mined by the strength of growth of the variety to be planted . Strong growers „ from which Some growers start several seeds in .. , a pot and thin out to one or four three shootS to and transplant later the plant are The ideal in sweet pea culture. Flowers this size are possible under high cultivation taken up require H eighteen inches; medium growers H from which two shoots are taken up, twelve inches; and weak grow- ers from which one shoot is taken, six inches. Remove the crock and disentangle the roots to some extent on planting and firm the ground well about the young plants on setting out. Varieties inclined to scald or lose color should be planted together to facilitate shading with cheese cloth when in bloom. Place short brush about the plants and if the position is an exposed one a windbreak of some kind had better be erected to shield the plants from the strong winds of early spring. Keeping the ground cultivated about the young plants will be all the atten- tion required until they reach a height of a foot or so and staking will have to be con- sidered. IMPORTANCE OF STAKING Having tried out the English system of training to bamboo stakes I can with con- fidence recommend it as superior to all others for growing prize sweet peas. Strong stakes are driven in at the ends of each row and at intervals between if the row is a long one. An eighteen-inch cross piece is nailed a foot from the ground, a twelve-inch strip half way to the top and a six-inch one at the top of each stake. The stakes should stand about eight feet clear of the ground and be braced in some manner to stand the strain of wires stretched taut lengthwise of the row and fastened to the ends of the cross pieces. Bamboo stakes eight to ten feet long are fastened to the wires spaced six inches apart, and to these the shoots of the sweet peas are tied, one shoot to each bamboo stake. All the shoots should be allowed to grow until they have reached a height of a foot or so, when the strongest should be chosen for tying in, all the rest being re- moved. Later breaks coming from the bottom, and all side growths irom the leader are pinched out. The ten- drils are best nipped off in the young state, as if allowed to grow they cause considerable trouble through clinging to the growths and the stems of the flowers. Tying in will have to be attended to about once a week, raffia being best for that purpose. Be careful not to tie too tightly as in this system of culture the vine develops to quite a large size. WATERING AND FEEDING Thorough waterings must be given whenever required, followed by a loosening up of the surface with the hoe. With a deeply pre- pared ground, keeping the surface well cultivated is much better for the wellbeing of the plants than putting on a mulch. Spray- ing the foliage and damping the ground between the rows is very beneficial on hot days, and especially on a hot sunny day following a period of dull weather. Flag- ging often takes place after such conditions and the plants should be kept plumped up by an occasional spraying overhead until the balance between root and top is re- stored. If allowed to flag a hardening of the vine takes place and short stems soon result. The careful grower will not trust to the eye to detect a limp condition of the foliage. If the ground has been well enriched no feeding will be necessary until the plants are blooming freely; then liquid manure water applied once a week, will keep them growing strongly, and tends to prolong the flowering period. Manure water made from poultry droppings is ex- cellent for this purpose but ow- ing to its strength should be used withcare, diluting it well before ap- plying. Potash can be given in the form of wood ashes scattered on the surface and watered in; or a t i r r How seeds are sown in pots half ounce ol for exhibition blooms. They sulphate or mt- are of course covered lightly 30 T H E GARDE N MAGAZI N E February, 1915 rate of potash to the gallon of water applied after a watering with clear water. Under good culture and with spraying overhead green fly should not be in evidence but should it get a hold a spraying of diluted Antipest will destroy it in my experience. With the advent of the Spencer type, the sweet pea has assumed a greater importance than ever as a cut flower and the range of colors in the varieties now on the market is a large one. Not all of the varieties how- ever are up to exhibition standard and the exhibitor has to make a study of the varieties so as to select those considered best in their respective colors. A study of the descriptions of varieties as printed in the bulletin issued by the Ameri- can Sweet Pea Society and in the catalogues of seedsmen who specialize in sweet peas will greatly aid in making a choice. Probably what might be said to be the cream of the varieties listed this year were shown at the show in New York last year, and as the reports from “the other side” speak of very few new varieties as being improve- ments on those already in existance it is quite probable that those varieties which were in the ascendant last vear will continue to hold top places as leading kinds for some time to come. Planting Tables for the Vegetable By A. E. Wilkinson, Newark Garden [Editors’ Note: These two tables are complete in themselves, and can be used without reference to any other articles, but inasmuch as they are based on the routine of management discussed in last month’s issue of The Garden Magazine they can be more intelligently used if studied in connection with the article and accompanying plans on page 191.] A. FOR THE BEGINNER’S GARDEN, 25 x 35 FT. Costing about four dollars for seed. Amount of Seed Cost of Seed Planting Thinning Harvesting Vegetable Time Method Depth (inches) Distance Apart of Seed or Plant (inches) Time Space Be- tween Plants (inches) Method of Disposal First Final Beans 1 pt. . 20 May i-is Drills 1 1 to 2 June 15 3 to 4 Destroy July 1-15 Sept. 1 Beets 1 pkg. ■°5 Apr. 15 Drills i to i i to 1 June 13—3° 3 Eat as Greens June 15-30 Oct. 30 Cabbage, Early* . i pkg. . IO Mar. 15 Flat i to i 4 to i April 15-30 18 Transplant July 15-3° Sept. 1-15 Cabbage, Late* 1 pkg. •°5 May is Flat 4 to | 4 to 1 June is-30 24 Transplant Aug. 15-30 Nov. 1 Carrots 1 pkg. ■°S Apr. 15-30 Drills k to } * to J June 1-15 3 Destroy July 1-15 Oct. 1-30 Cauliflower* 1 pkg. •25 Apr. 15 Flat 4 tO | i to i May 15-3° 18 Transplant July 1-15 Oct. 15-3° Celery* .... 1 pkg. . IO May 1 Flat £ Very close July 1-15 5 Transplant Sept. 15 Nov. is Corn (sweet) . 4 pt. . IO May 15 Hills I 3 July 1 • Hills 18 Destroy July 30 Sept. 30 Cucumbers .... i pkg. •°5 May is Drills 5 tO | 1 July 1-15 6 Destroy Aug. 15-30 Sept. 15-30 Lettucef .... 2 pkg. . 20 Apr. 1 on Drills 1 to 1 IO May is on IO Eat Salad May 15 on All Season Onion Sets .... Parsnips .... 2 qts. 1 pkg. ■ 45 • 05 Apr. 1- is Apr. 15 Drills Drills 1 to ij \ to * 3 } to h June 1-15 4 Destroy May 15-30 Sept. 1-15 Aug. 15-30 Oct. 30 Peas, Early Peas, Midseason . Peas, Late Radishes .... 1 qt. 1 qt. 1 qt. 2 pkgs. •65 .65 • 45 . IO Apr. 1-15 Apr. 15-30 May 1 -is Apr. 1 on Drills Drills Drills Drills Ij to 2 ii to 2 1 5 to 2 h Close. Close. Close. 1 week after i-l£ Destroy June 15-20 June 30 July 10 May 1 on July 1-10 July 10-20 Aug. 1-10 All Season Spinach .... J lb. • 25 Apr. 1-30 Drills 1 4 planting May 30 3 Greens May 15-3° June 30 Tomatoes* 1 pkg. • 05 Apr. 1 Flat J to i \ to | May 15-3° 36 Transplant June 15-3° Sept. 1-15 Turnips .... 1 pkg. •05 Apr. 1— 15 Drills 4 4 June 15-30 6 to 8 Destroy June 1-15 Oct. 1-15 •Sown in hotbeds and transplanted outdoors. fMake an earlier sowing in hotbed to transplant when space is available. B. Vegetable Number of Row, Amount of Seed Cost of Seed Time Asparagus 26 50 roots • 50 Apr. 15 Bean 16 1 qt. ■ 35 May I-IS Beet 19 1 oz. ■ 15 Apr. 15 Cabbage, Early - 12 1 pkg- . IO Mar. IS Cabbage, Late 18 1 Pkg. 05 May 15 Cauliflower . 4 of 14 1 pkg. -25 Apr. 15 Carrots 20 1 OZ. . 20 Apr. 15-30 Celery, Early . 23 1 pkg. . IO Mar. 15 Celery, Late . 17 1 pkg. . 10 May I Corn, Early 1 1 Pt. . 20 May 15 Com, Midseason 2 1 Pt. .15 Tune I Cucumbers 24 1 pkg. . IO May 15 Currants S.E. cor. 4 pits. .40 Apr. 15 Endive . 4 of 25 1 pkg. • 05 May I Kohlrabi 5 of 14 1 pkg. ■ 05 Mar. 15 Lettuce 8, 9, 24 4 P^g- .40 Apr. on Onion sets IO, 1 2 qts. • 45 Apr. 1-15 Parsnip 22 2 oz. . 20 Apr. 15 Peas, Extra Early 13. 2 qts. I 30 Apr. 1 Peas, Early 17 I qt. • 65 Apr. 15-3° Peas, Midseason 18 I qt. •65 May 1-10 Potatoes, Early 5 4 pk. .40 May I Potatoes, Late 7 4 pk. ■ 3S May IO Radish 12 I oz. •15 Apr. on Rhubarb Bed 2 roots . 20 Apr. 1-10 Spinach. 2, 4. 6 1 lb. •25 Apr. 1-10 Squash . i in corn 2 pkg. . IO May 1 Strawberry . Bed 66 pits. I 50 Apr. 15-30 Swiss Chard . 3 of 25 I pkg. . IO Apr. 15 Tomato. 9 I pkg. . IO Apr. 1 Turnip 21 2 pkg. . IO Apr. 15 FOR THE COMPLETE GARDEN, 50 x 50 FT. Costing about ten dollars for seed . Planting Method Transplanting Depth (inches) Distance Apart of Seed (inches) Time Distance Apart (inches) Time Thinning Harvesting Space Between Plants (inches) First Final Trench 8 to 12 Drills 1 Drills 5 to 1 Hotbed 4 Hotbed 4 Hotbed Drills \ to j Hotbed | or less Hotbed i or less Hills 1 Hills 1 Drills 4 to i Notice plan Drills Hotbed 4 Hotbed and Drills 4 tO 2 Drills I to 1} Drills J to 4 Drills l£ to 2 Drills if to 2 Drills if tO 2 Drills 4 Drills 4 Drills 4 See plan Drills 4 Corn hills i See plan Drills 4 to J Hotbed i to f Drills 4 12 1 to 2 i to 1 \ to \ 3 3 * * * to h Apr. 15-30 July 1-10 May 20-30 May 1-10 July 1-10 Apr. 15-30 Apr. 20-30 3 1 to i Thick. Thick . Thick. 10 10 1 to 4 3 in hill. 4 i to 4 1 May 20-30 18 24 18 4 5 9 10 36 June 15 June 15 June 1-15 July 1 July is July 1-15 June 15 4 weeks after planting June 1-15 10 days May 30 June 1 June is May 15 3 to 4 3 3 Hills 18 Hills 18 6 12 10 2 in hill 12 6 ' 2 yrs. after July 1-15 June 15-30 July 1-15 Sept. 1 July 1-15 July 1-15 June 1-15 Sept. 20 July 30 Aug. 1 s-3° Aug. is-30 July 1-10 July is May 30 May 20 July 1-4 Sept. 1-15 Oct. is Sept. 1 Nov. 1-15 Oct. is Oct. 15-3° July 15-3° Nov. 15 Sept. 1 Sept, is Sept. 15-3° July 20-30 July 3° June 15-3° All season. May is Sept. 1 June 15-20 July 1 July 1-10 June 15-3° Aug. 15-3° May 1-5 May is May is June 15 June 20-30 June 15 June 15-3° June 1-15 Aug. 30 Oct. 30 July 1 July 10 July 20 Aug. is Oct. 15 All season. July 1 June 30 Oct. 15 July 30 July is Sept. 15-3° . Oct. is Seed Sowing Table for the Flower Garden By F. F. Rockwell, nation [Editors’ Note. — This table is designed to help the beginner to make an intelligent start. Flower seeds are put up in packets, which in the trade have a certain standard of contents, for each kind of seed although that is not expressed. Some effort is here made to explain this. The cultural indications will, of course, be read in connection with culture directions in general. The reader is' advised to use the table with the associated article in the January number of The Garden Magazine.] Name Group* General Method* No. Seeds in a pkt.f Season Height in Inches Color Distance Apart to Plant or Trans- plant Notes; and adapted for use in H P X 150 May-June 6 Yellow 12 ins. Early border. H A X z 250 June-frost 12 Blue, white 6-12 Compact, dense edging. H A X z 1,000 May-frost 8-10 White, lilac 4-8 White, low borders. H P X Y 300 May-June 12 Golden yellow 6-12 Around rock work, very hardy. H H P X Y. S 1,000 July-Sept. 12-36 Various 10 Graceful border plant; cutting. H P X Y, S 500 June-July 18-36 Various 8-1 5 Borders and cutting. H H A X Y 300 July-Sept. 18-30 Various 12-18 Cutting and masses. HA YZ 400 July-August 15-24 Blue, white, pink 6-10 Borders and cutting. H H A X Y 150 lune-Sept. 10-18 Various 15-20 Foreground and borders. HH B X, s 500 April -July 6-10 White, pink, red 4-6 Low border. H A YZ 250 lune-frost 18-24 Orange, yellow 12-18 Masses or borders. II A Y Z 750 June-Sept. 12-18 Yellow, orange, brown 8-10 Cutting, borders. California Poppy (Eschscholzia) . H A Z 500 August 12 Orange, yellow 6-8 Solid beds. H P X. S 1,000 June-August 18-36 White, blue, pink 8-12 Beds and borders. H A X Y 1,000 June-Sept. 6-18 White, crimson, carmine 4-12 Solid masses, white. Candytuft (Iberis) H P X 600 May-June 9 White 6 Hardy border. HHP X YZ 250 June-frost 12-20 Various 6-10 Cutting. II H A XZ 20 July-frost 4-7 ft. Green and bronze foliage 2-3 ft. Screening, tropical. T A X Y 1,000 June-frost 12-36 Various 12-18 Cutting, borders. Chrysanthemum (annual) .... H A X Y 400 August-Oct. 24-40 Various 12-18 Cutting, borders. H P X 400 August-frost is White, rose, purple 8-10 Showy, cutting, borders. H A YZ 1,000 June-Sept. 10-36 White, yellow, red, purple 8-18 Bright, low, and tail borders. Coreopsis (perennial) H P X Y, S 500 lune-frost 24-36 Golden, yellow 12-15 Hardy border. T A X 200 August-frost 2-8 ft. White, pink, red 18-24 Backgrounds, cutting. T A X 50 luly-frost 2-5 ft. Various 24-48 Cutting. Forget-me-not (Myosotis) .... H H A X z, s 1,000 April -July 6-12 Blue, white 6 Dainty, low edging. Foxglove (Digitalis) H I' X 1,000 lune 18-36 Pink, white IO Border, background. Four o’clock (Mirabilis) .... H A YZ 25 fuly-August 20-30 Yellow, white, red IO Border. Gaillardia H A Y Z 200 luly-frost 18-24 Yellow, crimson 10-12 Cutting, beds, borders. Globe Amaranth (Everlasting) H A Z 100 July-Qugust 18 Pink, purple, white, orange 10-25 Cutting, masses. Godetia (Satin flower) .... II A YZ 1. 000 luly-October 12-24 Red, white 8-12 Masses. T A Z 25 July-frost 5-1 S ft. Yellow, white, varigated 12-24 Colored fruits and shade. Gypsophila (Baby’s Breath) . H A, H P Z 1. 000 Succession 12-24 White 6-15 Cutting with other flowers. H P YZ 100 July-Sept. 3-4 ft. Yellow, shades 8-1 5 Background, borders, cutting. Helianthus II H A Z 100 August-frost 2-10 ft. Yellow, shades. 2-4 ft. Cutting, backgrounds. Hollyhock (everblooming) .... H A X Y 100 Aug.-Sept. 3-7 ft. Various 12-18 Against walls, tall screens. Larkspur (annual) H A XZ 500 fune-July 18-36 Blue, white, pink 6-12 Blue cutting. Larkspur H P X, s 400 July-Sept. 3-4 ft. Blue, shades 12-18 Tall, border, background. Lavatera II A X z 300 July 3-6 ft. Rose 8-12 Screening, tall background. Lobelia H H A X Y Z 1,000 fune-Sept. 6-18 Blue, white 4-8 Low edges and masses. Love-Lies-Bleeding (Amaranthus) H A Y Z 500 June-July 3-5 ft. Yellow, scarlet 10-15 Screens and masses. Love-In-a Mist (Nigella) .... H A Z 500 June-Sept. 12-24 Blue, white 10-12 Borders. Lupine H A Z 20 June 12-24 Blue, pink, white 4-8 Low masses, cuttings. Marigold H A X YZ 300 July-frost 10-36 Pale gold, orange 6-18 Masses and edging Mignonette H A X Y Z 600 July-Sept. I2-l8 Golden, reddish yellow 6 Fragrant, cutting. Monkshood H P X. s 100 July-Aug. 36 Blue, white 10-13 Borders. Moon flower H A X. s 10 August-frost 15-30 ft- White, blue 6-18 Climbing and shade. Morning Glory II A xzs 200 luly-Sept. 10-20 ft. Various 4-12 Quick climbing, screen. Nasturtium HH A z 40 luly-frost 12-60 Various 5-12 Cutting, masses, climbing. Nicotiana H A X Y 2,000 July-frost 3-5 ft. White, red 8-12 Fragrant masses. Pansy H A X z, s 250 May-June 6 Various 6-8 Edges, low masses, cutting. Petunia H H A X Y Z 1,000 luly-frost 12-24 White to magenta, mixed 8-12 Masses, low screens. Phlox Drummondi H A X Y 250 luly-frost 12-36 Various 8-12 Solid beds, medium ht., edging. Phlox H I* X 25 July-Sept. 12-30 Various 12-18 Hardy border, background. Pink (Dianthus) H P X Y Z 300 August-frost IO-l8 White to rose 5-8 Cutting. Poppy H A Z 1,000 luly-Sept. 6-10 White-scarlet 4 Low masses. Poppy, Iceland H P X Y, S 500 May- Sept. 12-18 White, yellow, orange 6 Cutting. Poppy. Oriental H P X Y, S 500 June- August 24-36 Crimson, shades I2-l8 Mixed border, backgrounds. Portulaca H A Y Z 2,000 July-frost 6-10 White, yellow, red 4-6 Edging, covering, sun, sand. Primrose H P X, S 200 April-May 4-6 Yellow, pink 4-5 Edging, borders. Pyrethrum HHP X. s 200 August-frost 12-24 Various 8-12 Edging. Rudbeckia (Golden Glow) H P X 100 August-Sept. 4-7 ft. Bright yellow 12-18 Screening, masses. Salpiglossis H H A X Y 1.500 June-Sept. 12-24 Various 6-12 Cutting, mixed border. Salvia H H P X 250 August-frost 12-36 Scarlet, shades 6-12 Edging, masses. Scabiosa (Morning Bride) .... H A YZ 100 June-August 15-30 White, yellow, maroon, blue 8-12 Cutting. Schizanthus (Butterfly flower) . H A XZ. s 1,000 Tuly-August 24 Yellow to lilac, mixed 8 Masses, borders, cutting. Silene (Catchfly) II P Y Z 500 June-Sept. 4-5 White to rose 5-6 Masses, broad edging. Stock H II A X Y 300 June-Sept. 12-24 Various 6-12 Fragrant cutting. Sunflower (Russian) H H A Z 100 Aug.-Sept. 3-7 ft. Yellow 24-36 Tall screens, temporary hedges. Sweet pea H A X Z 75 June-Sept. 3-6 ft. Various 4-10 Cutting. . Sweet William HP X Y 500 July-August 12-18 White, pink, red 6-12 Cutting, mixed border. Thunbergia (Black Eyed Susan) . H H A X Y 100 July-Sept. 3-8 ft. White, yellow, orange 4-10 Low trellis, vases. Torenia T A X Z 500 July-Sept. 8-15 Blue, white 6-10 Vases, hanging baskets. Verbena H H A X Y, S 500 July-frost 6-9 Various 12-18 Low, bright masses. Veronica H P X 100 August 24-30 Purple 8-10 Edging. Wallflower H H I> X z 500 July-Sept. 12-30 Brown, yellow 6 Fragrant, cutting. Zinnia H A X YZ 150 July-frost 12-30 Various, brilliant 8-12 Bright masses, low edges. *Key Letters A — Annual. B — Biennial. P — Perennial. H — Hardy. HH — Half-hardy. T — Tender. S — Will succeed in partial shade. X — Start indoors or under glass early in spring and transplant to flats or pots. Half-hardy and tender sorts require proportionately more heat than hardy sorts; the latter should be given about 50 degrees night temperature. Y — Sow in seed border in the open and transplant. Z — Sow outside in spring where plants are to remain, thinning out to proper distance before plants crowd. fThe number of seeds is of course approximate. Named sorts and new varieties, which are more expensive, will not run so many to the packet. Small seeds require greater protection and more care during germination than larger ones. They may be sown above ground, given protection and covered over lightly when they begin to show life. The large seeds can be sown with safety in the open ground. They will germinate more quickly if they are soaked in water for twenty-four hours before being sown. As soon as the seedlings have made their first two rough leaves they should be transplanted. Use a pointed dibble and always make the hole large enough to easily accommodate the roots. Firm the soil thoroughly by pressing in the dibble about one inch from the original hole. Never firm the soil close around the seedling, as you will be liable to “hang” the young plants. If the roots are thus firmed, subse- quent waterings will settle the upper soil about the “neck.” In pressing close to the tender stem with the fingers you are liable to do injury; moreover, the soil gets baked and the seedlings cannot grow. When two or three lines are done, give water and shade. Keep them shaded for several days until growth commences again. Gradually immure them to full sunlight. The soil in the seedbed should be forked over to a depth of at least a foot. Rake off and level thoroughly; then add one half inch of finely sifted soil on top. Seeds germinate best in a soil of fine tilth. 31 Hardy Perennials for Landscape Use HOW TO FIND THE PLANTS FOR MAKING FORMAL BEDS, HARDY BORDERS, ROCK AND WILD GARDENS, ETC. Arranged by William H. Richie, Landscape Designer, [Editors’ Note. — This table helps you to answer the question “ What Plants Shall I Use??” In beginning to work with it, the garden maker consults , first, the analysis columns and from them ascertains the name of the plant that will fit his special requirements. Taking the first plant in the list, for instance, The Pearl achillea is found to be the plant that will give white flowers for cutting during June, July, and August, and that it is suited for dry or medium dry soils in an informal border and in a sunny place. By the use of this chart, the amateur can easily pick out plants that will give him a combination of definite colors at certain times of the year; or he can find plants that fit his soil and situation. The arrangement of the asterisks enables the reader at a glance, to see what plants fall under one individual group. This is particularly useful as regards the questions of exposure soil, height, and color. "Alba” varieties are recorded under Color of Bloom, where their other specifications are the same; "while” is given twice so as to show color combinations — such as bluish white, or pink atul white, or blue fading to while; and a star inidcr both red and orange denote a reddish orange or vermilion color. \ Technical Name Origin Use Soil Pos. Month of Bloom Color of Bloom Height in Feet - > o . % tJ c .z. o . c >. xZx 'V u O k oaz cc-rr -sj* 0 i 2 £ .3 6 0 - *OTJ os a -C.3 C/2 CO C £=3 3 03 3 C/v CL t, to c CO JZ a— >» rt C. rt a > £ £ 3 C/2 33 oj - <u E * £ io £ & 0 0 to mC 3 O O Pl 0) 1 1 iZ O 0 >< « 0 OJ C..3I ate CQ Cl, ^ I 2 3 456 * * * * * * * * * ♦ * Aconitum autumnale, var. Fishcheri .... * * * * * * * * * V. alba * * * * « * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * • * * * * ♦ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ♦ * * * * * * • * * * Aquilegia oerulea * * * , * * * * * * * * • » * * * * * * « * * * * * * * Arabis albida Armeria maritima, var. splendens .... * : : ; * * * : : * * * V alba * * * * * * * * • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * • • * * * * * * * * * • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * • * V. alba * * * ♦ * * » * * * * V. alba * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * • • * * * * * V. alba * * * * * * * * * * * • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Chrysanthemum pompon * * * * * * * * * * * * * • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ♦ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ♦ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * » * * * * * * * * * * • * * * * * * * * * * Delphinium chinense * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * « * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Vars. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ♦ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Epimedium macranthum, var. niveum . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * « * * * * * * • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ♦ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * « * * * * * * * • * * * * ♦ • • * * * * * * * * * * • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * • * * * * * * * * • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * » * * • * * V. alba * * * Hibiscus moscheutos, var. Crimson Eye. . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Common Name The Pearl. Monkshood Monkshood. Blue bugle. Hollyhocks in variety. Gold tuft. Alkanet. Windflower. Japanese windflower. Japanese windflower. Japanese windflower. Chamomile. Columbine. Rock Mountain columbine Columbine. Mug wort. Rock cress. Sea thrift. Japanese goat’s beard. Butterfly weed. Perennial aster Perennial aster Perennial aster Perennial aster Spiraea japonica. Blue indigo. Wild indigo. English daisy. False chamomile. Marsh marigold. Carpathian bell. Peach bell Chimney bellflower. Perennial cornflower. Snow in summer. Turtle head. Shasta daisy (Alaska). Hardy chrysanthemum Hardy chrysanthemum. Hardy chrysanthemum. Hardy chrysanthemum. Hardy chrysanthemum. Hardy chrysanthemum. Bush clematis. Bush clematis. Tickseed. Lily-of-the-valley. Lady’s slipper. Lady’s slipper. Lady’s slipper. Chinese larkspur. Larkspur. Belladonna larkspur. Sweet William. Scotch pink. Garden pink. Garden pink. Garden pink. Bleeding heart. Gas plant. Foxglove. Shooting star. Leopard’s bane. Barrenwort. Fleabane. White snakeroot. Joe Pye weed. Flowering spurge. Day or plantain lily. Blanket flower. Closed gentian. Crane’s bill. Baby’s breath. Mist flower. Sneezeweed. Sneezeweed. Sun or rock rose. Sunflower. Sunflower. Sunflower. Ox eye sunflower. Christmas rose. Major day lily. Lemon lily. Dumortier’s day lily. Thunberg’s lily. Liver leaf. Coral bells. Mallow. Bluets: Quaker lady. St. John’s wort. 32 February, 1 !) 1 5 T HE GARDEN M A G A Z I N E 33 Technical Name Charge Use Soil Pos. Month of Bloom Color of Bloom Height in reet Common Name M to c V TJ TJ u O l> ijrv' w-p* V T3-0 JJ.3 </>c n a CO E E 3 !L< flj bo a *-* T3 ° E -o B S s E 3 V > J> V ^ o +J Q.-° rt c >> £/§! ct = 3 rt 3 C/3Pu Uh SijM 33 = 8$ a. cnOZ *-> O Uh c £ 2 tJ o >< 3 fttJ _3 ij-G PCPhSS I 2 3 4 5 6 * * * * * * * * * * Candytuft. * * * * * * * * * * * * Crested iris. * * * * * * * * * Water flag. * * * * * * * * * * * * Turkish iris. * * * * * * Vars. * * Dwarf iris. Iris germanica * * . * . . . . . » . German iris. Var. Mme. Chereau * * * * * * * * * * * * * German iris. V'ar. Mrs. Neubonner . . * * * * * 4 * ' * * * German iris. * * * * * * ‘ * * German iris. Iris laevigata, in vars * * * * ♦ * * * * * * * * * * * * Japanese iris. * * * * * * * * * V. alba * * * Siberian flag. * * * * * * * * * * * Canadian iris. Iris Xiphium * * * * * * ♦ * * * * * * * * Spanish iris. Kniphofia Pfitzeri . . * * * * * * * * * * * 4 * Flame flower. * * * * * * * * Lavender. Liatris pycnostachya * * * * ♦ * * * 4 4 Blazing star. * * * * * * * * * * ' * Gold banded lily. Lilium canadense * * * * * * * * * * * 4 Wood lily. * * + * * * ♦ * * * Madonna lily. Thunberg’s lily. * * * * * * * * * * + Lilium speciosum, var., rubrum 1. ilium trigrinum, var., splendens . * * * * * * * * + * V. alba * * 4 Spotted lily. * * * * * * * * * * J iger lily. Linum perenne * * * * * * * * * * * * Blue flax. Lobelia cardinalis * * * * * ^ * * * * * 4 Cardinal flower. Lobelia syphilitica * * * 4 * * * * * 4 Great lobelia. Lupinus Moerheimei * * * * * 4 * * * * 4 I.upinus polyphyllus * * * 4 * * * V. alba * * 4 Hardy lupin. Lychnis chalcedonica * * * * * * * London pride. Lychnis coronaria * * * * * * * * * Rose campion. Lychnis Flos-cuculi, var. plenissima * * * * * * * * * * * Ragged robin. Lysimachia clethroides ♦ * * * * * * * * * * * Loosestrife. Lythrum Salicaria * * * * * * * * * * 4 4 Purple loosestrife. * * * * * * * * * * * * Virginia cowslip. Oswego tea; bergamot. Monarda didyma, var. splendens * * ♦ * * * * * * * * * * V. alba * * Myosotis palustris * * * * * * * * * * * Forget-me-not. * * * * * * * * * * * Cup flower. Evening primrose. CEnothera Youngii * * * * * * * ♦ * * * * * (Enothera missouriensis * * * * * * * * * * Missouri primrose. Pachysandra terminalis * * * * * * * * * * Mountain spurge Paeonia Moutan * * * * * * * * ♦ * * * 4 Free peony. Paeon i a officinalis * * * * * * * * * * * * Herbaceous peonv. Peony, var. Felix Crousse * * * * * * * * * * Herbaceous peony. Festiva Maxima * * * * ♦ * * * * * Herbaceous peony. Andre Lauries * * * * * 4 * * * * * Herbaceous peony. Marie Lemoine * * * * * * * * * * Herbaceous peony. Queen Victoria * * * * * * * * * * Herbaceous peony. Louis Van Houtte * * * * * * * * * * Herbaceous peony. * * * * * * * * * * * * Herbaceous peony. Iceland poppv. Papaver nudicaule * * * * * * * * ♦ * * * * V. * al. * * * Papaver orientale * * * * * * * * * * ♦ Oriental poppy. Pentstemon barbatus, var. Torreyii * * ♦ * * * * * * + Beard tongue. Phlox, var. Mrs. Jenkins * * * * ♦ * * * * * + * Perennial phlox. Independence ♦ * * * * * * * * * Perennial phlox. Von Lassburg * * * * * * * * * * * Perennial phlox. leanne D’Arc * * * * * * * * * * * Perennial phlox. * * * * * * * * ■* * eye eye * ♦ Perennial phlox. Perennial phlox. R. P. Struthers * * * * * « * * * * * * Pantheon * * * + * * * * * eye * * * Perennial phlox. Perennial phlox. Perennial phlox. Perennial phlox. * * * * * * * * * * eye * * * * * * * * • * * * * * Prof. Virchow * * * * * * * * * * * * * Consul H. Trost * * * * * * * * * Perennial phlox. B. Comte * * * * * * * * * dark * * * Perennial phlox. Miss Lingard * * * * * * * * * * * Perennial phlox. Phlox divaricata, var., canadensis * * ♦ * * ♦ * * * * ♦ * Creeping phlox. subulata ♦ * * * * * ♦ * ♦ * * Mosspink. Physostegia virginica ♦ * * ♦ * * * * * V.alba * * * * False dragon head. * * * * * * * * * * * * V. alba * * * Balloon flower. Marie’s balloon flower. Platy codon Mariesi * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ♦ Polygonatum multiflorum * * * * * * * * * Solomon’s seal. * * * * * * + * * * Knotweed. Giant English cowslip. Primula elatior, var. superba * * * * * * * * Primula vulgaris * * * * * * * * * English primrose. Blue primrose. Primula vulgaris, var. oerulea . . . * * * * * ♦ * * * * Pyrethrum hybridum, var. fl. pi. . * * * * * * * * * * * In var. * * Feverfew. * * * * * * * Giant moon daisy. Meadow beauty. Golden glow. Bouncing Bet. Blood root. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 4 Saponaria caucasica * * * * * * * * * * * * * Sanguinaria canadensis * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 4c Rockfoil. Cushion flower. Yellow stonecrop. Showy sedum. Goldenrod. Indian pink. Wood betony. Wool flower. Sea lavender. Mountain feather fleece. Cornflower aster. Spiderwort. Orange globe flower. Meadow rue. Scabiosa caucasica * * * * * * * * * V. * V. alba alba * * * * * .Sedum acre * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Solidago rigida * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Spigelia marilandica * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * + * % * * * * * Stachys lanata * * * * * * * * * * Statice latifolia * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Stokesia cyanea * * * * * * * * * V alba alba * * * « * * * * * * * * * * * V. » * Trollius europaeus . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * Thalictrum aquilegkefolium * * * * * * * * * * * * I hymus citriodorus * * * * * For lvs. * Lemon scented thyme. White mountain thyme. Saxifrage pink. Meadowsweet. Thymus Serpyllum . * * * * * * Tunica Saxifraga * * * * * * * * * * Ulmaria filipendula * * * * * * * * * * * * Valeriana officinalis * * * * * * * * • * * Garden heliotrope. Speedwell. Veronica longifolia, var. subsessilis . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * Veronica rupestris * * * * Rock speedwell. Spike flowered speedwell. Veronica spicata ♦ * * * * * * * * * * * \ eronica virginica ...... * Culver’s root. Iron weed. Vernonia arkansana * * * * * ♦ * ♦ * * * * Vinca minor . . , * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * V alba alba * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * V. * * Horned violet. Common violet. Bird’s foot violet. * * * * * * * * * * Viola pedata * * * * * * * * * * * Viola odorata * * * * • * * * * * * * » * * * * 41 * * Spanish bayonet. ODDS AND ENDS FROM EVERYWHERE Lice on Asters I NOTICED in your December, 1914, issue an article on asters blighting. Quite a number of my asters blighted last year. When I first noticed it, I thought the plants were quite delicate, or beyond maturity. They bloomed at different periods, and as they looked unpleasant, I simply tore them out and threw them away. But as more delicate plants appeared and I could find nothing wrong with the tops, I dug them up and examined the roots and found them packed with root lice. I dug up every plant that looked the least bit off and found all the roots affected. As I had no fire in the house I made a bonfire and burned them. I had no trouble with the remaining plants. They were all treated alike and while in different parts of the garden were in a similar location and had the same kind of soil. I always lime the soil. What can I do another time to prevent root lice and do root lice affect other plants? Hasbrouck Heights, N. J. Mrs. T. C. Stephens. [Editors Note: We are not aware of the aster blue root aphis being injurious elsewhere in the garden. Some growers advise using tobacco dust dug into the soil; others have reported excellent re- sults from wood ashes used liberally in a similar way.] The “New” Garden Magazine THE January number of The Garden Maga- zine, which reached me a couple of days ago, is the first one I have seen for several months. To me it is an exceedingly interesting number. If you keep up this gait for the entire year, it ought to be one of the very best years in the history of the magazine, I believe. The reason it is of interest to me is that you have so many short items of timely interest. I glance over quite a good many of the farm papers, but the Rural New Yorker is the only one I read care- fully. It interests me because so many queries are answered, each one of them being on a live topic. The essentials of the subject are epitomized in a few well chosen words. And I believe if you con- tinue as you have in this issue with your “Odds and Ends from Everywhere” that it will make the magazine more interesting. It is out of the beaten path, and you are not hashing over old stories in new dresses. Harrisburg, Penna. P. T. Barnes. Lice on Lettuce ON PAGE 210, of the January, 1915, Garden Magazine, a reader’s query is answered re- garding plant lice on lettuce. When I was growing lettuce under glass, this pest was the bane of my life for one winter. I tried every remedy that anybody could suggest with the exception of fumigation with hydro- cyanic acid gas, and I could not get rid of it. The lettuce was so badly affected as to be really unsalable. I finally found that the only way of combating it was using preven- tivej measures — to start in the fall with a clean house. My custom after that first winter was to thoroughly fumigate the house with sulphur in the fall just before setting the first crop. Then light fumigations with a nicotine extract, once or twice throughout the winter, held this pest absolutely in check. Pennsylvania. Harold Clarke. Rhubarb in Winter WHEN three small stalks of rhubarb cost seven cents at the store, what is it worth to have all you want fresh and crisp from your own garden? This does not admit of a mathematical answer, but here is the way to do it. And I substantiate my claims with a photograph of the third crop. First, I wait until winter has well started and the ground is frozen three or four inches deep. Rhubarb can not be forced into growth until it has a good taste of cold weather. I went out with my mattock on the 26th of January, last season, and cut through the frozen ground, all round a big three-year old clump of rhubarb. Then, putting the flat blade of the mattock under one edge of the crust, I pried it up. From the soft moist earth beneath, some of the big roots pulled out; others broke off. In a few minutes a great lump of earth and roots rolled out on the frozen ground. I trimmed the top of the lump to fit a strong box about 18 x 24 x 10 inches, and dropped the block of earth and plants into the box. The box was not deep enough by three inches, but that did not matter. The box was then placed on a cellar stairway which opens out-of-doors. Here the mass thawed out in about a week. It was then moved to a cool and dimly lighted cellar and kept well watered. The first crop was gathered March first. From that time on we had rhubarb pie, or sauce, or both, once or twice a week until the outdoor crop was ready in the middle of April. It was the best gardening investment I ever made. Grinnell, Iowa. Henry S. Conard. What Ailed the Asters? ASTERS last year blighted and turned yellow. The trouble was caused by a microscopic aphis that attacked the roots. A diseased plant is hopeless; pull it up and burn it and water the hole it left well with arsenate of lead. Then water thoroughly and often the healthy plants with the arsenate. As a precaution for next year make new beds. Do not put asters where they were last year. Put no manure on the beds in the spring. The trouble came from germs in the manure. Apply coal ashes and lime and some woodashes to the bed — and keep watch. Glencoe, 111. Walter Greenleaf. Select Your Potato Seed JUST because gardeners buy seed potatoes by the pound or peck, instead of by scores of bushels is no reason at all why they should take less precautions to insure getting healthy seed. Farmers using Maine grown seed — which means specially those of the Atlantic and Southern States — are warned by the Department of Agriculture to buy only potatoes bearing the white label certifying that they have been examined by Federal inspectors Dig up rhubarb roots at once and bring into heat. The third crop of rhubarb stalks from roots growing in a dimly lighted cellar and found free from the powdery scab disease, that they were grown on farms free from the disease and that they have not been exposed to it. Such potatoes, moreover, are likely to be of better quality and more uniform than the table stock that the backyard gardener often uses. It is es- pecially desirable to keep this and similar diseases out of the home garden, for the limited space us- ually renders impossible the rotation and change of location which occasionally enables the farmer to get rid of them. Therefore, insist on “white seal” potatoes from your seedsman. New York. E. L. D. S. Gardening on the Seashore THE most discouraging feature of maintaining a garden on a sandy shore is the sinking away, wasting, and covering up, with sand, of the rich soil which has often been procured at considerable trouble and expense. The following instructions, if followed faithfully, will enable one to keep the garden year after year, with an occasional top dressing added in the fall of the year, and left until spring or early summer before turning under. Dig out the sand to a depth of about two and a half feet, cover the bottom with old boards, pieces of boxes, or useless odds and ends of old lumber, and on top of this throw in a quantity of old shoes, slippers, rubbers, etc., which can be gotten for the trouble of carrying them away, until you have the boards covered completely (if possible fill in with this junk to a depth of twelve or fourteen inches) On top of this put in one foot of used stable bedding (not manure), and cover with a good body soil, well mixed with well-rotted manure, until your garden patch is eight or ten inches above the level of the yard. Box around with one by eight inch boards, or what is better, plank eight inches wide. Keep the sand cleared away from the outside of the boards for a space of a couple of feet, which can be done with a few moments’ work each week. Washington, D. C. W. G. W. A New Mulching Material GOB is a refuse material produced when mining coal, for which it seems no use has been found. Where this material can be easily and cheaply pro- cured it makes an excellent mulching material. When visiting Mr. Thomas Greenfield, near Oak- dale, Pa., this last summer during the prolonged drought I was surprised to find part of his currants in unusually good condition. The reason was that he had used this gob as a mulch. The currant ground had been thoroughly cleaned of weeds, and the gob had been spread over it with the idea of keeping the weeds down. But it had done more than that — it had conserved the soil moisture. The ground thus protected, when compared with an adjacent piece mulched with straw, was found to be much damper, the straw mulch being not nearly as good as a mulching material. As it comes from the mine this gob is a sort of slaty stone which, upon being exposed to the weather for a consider- able period, slacks to a fine condition and becomes finely divided like the soil. Pennsylvania. C. H. How not to Plant Dahlias and Gladiolus IN LOOKING over my back numbers of The Garden Magazine, I came across the issue where the Editor told us of some of his troubles with would-be authors. I am a little different from his critic because as often as I have felt like writing him about growing something, I would find an article printed that was a little better than my own. But I have had some experiences that I have never seen in print. When I had a chance to have a garden of my own a friend gave me some dahlia bulbs with instructions 34 THE GARDEN M A G A Z I N E 35 February, 1915 to plant the same as potatoes. I had been used to planting potatoes after the plow when a boy, so I put my dahlias about the same distance as I had put the potatoes, viz., one foot in rows. When they were nicely up another friend called in one day and informed me that I had them far too close and advised me to transplant at least two out of three and leave them 2j to 3 feet apart. I did so and got good flowers. The same season I bought a dozen gladiolus bulbs and, not wishing to get caught again with too close planting, I put them in a bed 6 x 9 ft. or 3 feet apart each way. They bloomed nicely, too, but you can imagine the appearance of that bed ! My third experience, not to be repeated, was after I had built a 9 x 15 ft. greenhouse. My plants became covered with small green lice. I had seen sulphur burned in a room to disinfect it so I tried it in the greenhouse; but I gave too heavy a dose and left it about four hours with a strong sun shining, with the result that every plant lost all its leaves and the lice their lives. I have since learned how to use to- bacco stems and so save the plants when killing the lice. If I had had a guide like The Garden Magazine when I began gardening I would have saved myself many an error, as I have found since taking The Gar- den Magazine (and I have only missed the first three numbers) that it is a great help to the amateur gardener. F. R. Perkins. Toronto, Ont. A Hill of Roses ONE day last au- tumn at the Coun- try Club at Greenwich, Conn., while we were sitting around the table “playing the tenth hole,” I thoughtlessly made the statement that one of the rose bushes on my California place was twenty-five feet high and all of forty feet across. A silence fell; the gentlemen looked knowingly at one another, and as we went out on to the links again, I observed that my associates treated me with a sort of tender consideration and patience us- ually accorded to the derelict. It was easy enough to see that they did not care to charge me with being a liar, and the only alter- native was that paresis had set in. There seemed to be nothing that could be said or done, so I con- cluded to wait until I could come back from my winter home in Santa Barbara and bring with me the evidence of the camera. The photograph shows a comer of a little, un- used cottage on my moderate sized estate. The roof is covered fully six feet thick with closely inter- woven rose branches. The old Spanish name of the estate is pronounced, in English, La Lomenta de Roses meaning the little hill of roses. The name was not suggested because of this particular rose covered cottage, but because the land is on a very slight elevation and the soil seems to be especially adapted to roses, there being, I am told, one hundred and ten or eleven different varieties. However, the name seems to fit very well to this particular cottage and its decorations. The entire growth comes from two rose bushes, the Cherokee, and Beauty of Glazenwood. It would be impossible to give the number of roses in bloom at one time, but it would be safe to say over a thousand, and within the reach of possibilities to say three or four thousand. They bloom all winter and take a moderate resting spell during August. Michigan. C. W. Post. How to Make a Radish Bed A SOIL that will raise quick-growth radishes through the summer and early fall can be made by carefully following the directions here given : Select a semi-shaded spot. Just within the ver- tical shade limits of young fruit trees is a good place; my own most successful bed was made under the raspberry canes. Over each square yard of the ground selected spread two coal bucketfuls of loose sand. Over this sprinkle two fire shovelfuls of fresh air-slaked lime, being careful to pick out all lumps larger than a marble. With a long bladed garden mattock mix the sand and lime with three or four inches of the top soil and spread again evenly. At evening soak the mixture well with water and allow the bed to lay forty-eight hours before planting the seed. By that time every particle of lime will have slaked thoroughly. Such a bed will not be troubled by slugs, worms and other soil vermin and will raise quick-growth, crisp, solid radishes. Pennsylvania. Edgar H. Trick. Using Ferns as a Vegetable LAST spring a friend of ours brought us some common wild brake, or ferns, instructing us to cook them as we would asparagus or greens. As we had never before heard of using them for food we were very skeptical but, on trial, found them delicious. They taste very much like aspar- agus, the brake is gathered just as the shoots first show themselves above ground before the first frondlet or leaf has unfolded — later than that they are too tough for use. I think, perhaps, this idea may be as new to others as it was to us. Traverse City, Mich. Mary Rutner. Apples for Pennsylvania ON PAGE 204 of the January, 1915, Garden Magazine, under the title of “What Apples Shall I Grow,” the Baldwin, Northern Spy, Stay- man, Winesap, Ben Davis and Rhode Island Green- ing are recommended for Pennsylvania. With the exception of Stayman, these varieties will, no doubt, succeed in the northern half of the state. But it would not be advisable to plant them in the southern part. The Baldwin, when grown in southern Pennsylvania, unless sprayed very frequently, is a fall apple, frequently not keeping much after Christ- mas. When sprayed three or four times the fol- iage is healthier, the apples hang on until mature and keep much better. But even then it is seriously affected by the Baldwin spot, over which we have no control, unless perhaps the sugges- tions of Professor Stewart of State College may be of some avail. They are to not grow fruit of extra size and to pick early. Nearly every North- ern Spy tree that I have seen in southern Penn- sylvania produces apples lasting about as well as the Baldwin. An instance of how they keep may be best told as follows: A friend gave me a bushel in October, which I shipped home. They were two weeks on the road, and although none but perfect apples started, fully a third of them were specked or wholly rotted when they arrived home, and before Christ- mas they were all gone from rot. I have seen very few Rhode Island Greenings in the southern part of the state, and those who are growing them are not wildly enthusiastic over the results. I would not recom- mend anybody to plant the Ben Davis. If I bought a farm on which the Ben Davis was growing I would neither cut them down nor top work them. If a nur- sery furnished me trees which later proved to be untrue to name and turned out to be Ben Davis, I would not cut them down when they come into bearing, neither would I top work them, simply be- cause I would lose too much time by it. Prob- ably the Ben Davis will prove profitable to those who are now growing it as long as they are in- terested in the trees, but I think it a mis- take for anybody to plant them when there are other varieties of much better quality both from a market and culinary standpoint. For the southern part of the state I would limit my planting in a commercial orchard to three, or four possibly, winter varieties as fol- lows: Grimes Golden is an excellent early winter apple, the only drawback being that it is short-lived on account of the collar blight, which can be overcome to some extent by topworking it on some more re- sistant variety, such as Arkansas. Washington, D. C., is the best market in the United States for this variety. Stayman has all the good qualities of the Baldwin, is better adapted to the southern part of this state, and is not troubled with the spotting as is the Bald- win. Rome Beauty is a highly colored attractive apple of medium quality that is an annual cropper; and it is easy to grow perfect fruit at a minimum of labor. For the fourth I believe that Stark is the best choice. It is a very late keeping variety. It does not mature until the late winter. It is fair to me- dium in quality, crisp and juicy. One drawback is that it does not always color up well, being a dark green with a blush cheek, although I have seen it in this vicinity well colored. It can be kept when grown for home use until the Yellow Transparent is ready. The New York Agricultural Experiment Station, in their storage tests, find that it keeps until June in cellar storage. And I know one grower of it in southern Pennsylvania who keeps it until May. All of these varieties are good either for commer- cial or for home purposes. Southern Pennsylvania. Harold Clarke. Something like a rose bower! A little cottage in Santa Barbara, Calif., covered with a 6-foot mat of rose branches A Decade’s Development of the Amateur Gardener A BRIEF COMPOSITE EXPRESSION OF WHAT HAS BEEN ACCOMPLISHED IN THE TEN YEARS OF “THE GARDEN MAGAZINE’S” EXISTENCE, AS SEEN BY THOSE WHO HAVE HAD BUSINESS DEALINGS WITH OUR READERS TEN years ago, when The Garden Magazine was launched, amateur horticulture of America stood on a very different plane from what it does to-day. The awakening interest at that time, and which led to the launching of the magazine, has progressed and expanded in many ways. At the start our venture was received with welcome by the progressive pioneers of the seed and nursery trade, to whom the courtesy title of pioneer founders may indeed be given, for from the first they shared with ourselves in the direction of the course by suggestion and advice. It is a pleasure to us to record at this time the list of firms that had sufficient confidence in the appeal of the publication to use the columns in the first year for their annoucements and who, we are glad to say, are still with us. The gentlemen at the head of several of these firms have been in a peculiarly qualified position to remark the progress of events, and the matter following is composed of brief ex- cerpts from someof their letters: PERMANENCY APPRECIATED “The average tree planter and gardener only begins to realize the real value and signi- ficance of selecting ornamental varieties [of trees, shrubs, etc.] that produce permanent and beautiful effects, after unsatisfactory experiments with the sorts that thrive and bloom for a few weeks, and then are gone forever. In a large degree this condition is due to the broad minded, editorial, and educational policy of your publication.' D. Hill. THE SERVICE TO THE TRADE “During the past decade the amateur gar- dener has been educated along new lines in the matter of seed selection, sowing, and caring for the garden. In place of the hap- hazard gardening operations of the amateur of some years ago, home gardening is gradu- ally being put on a practical basis. The gar- dening magazines devoted to the interests of home gardeners have been largely instru- mental in bringing about this change. The customer has learned to order his seed intel- ligently, and to give his garden such care as to secure from the seeds the best results. The gardening papers have awakened the desire to get the most out of the garden, whether large or small, and, have given the beginner in tilling of the soil a clearer vision of what he is working for. Thus the gar- dener sees satisfactory results from his labors, and the seedsman is not burdened with complaints due in most part to the lack of knowledge on the part of the gardener.”— J. C. Vaughan. the press has taught “As we are all aware, interest in gardening, and especially amateur gardening, has grown by ‘leaps and bounds,’ so to speak, during the past ten years. I am confident, however, the great interest in gardening and ornamental planting in America that has been awakened in recent years, is due almost wholly to the horticultural press, and I equally confi- dent that The Garden Magazine has done more to advance this grand work than any other journal — in fact, I might almost say, more than all other journals.” — J.T. Lovett. THE AMATUER HAS LEARNT “Its big brother, Country Life in America, was a potent factor in the suburban move- ment that set in about fourteen years ago. When Country Life in America got people to the country, they only half knew how to enjoy themselves until The Garden Magazine came along, telling in interesting, instructive ways, how ugly comers could be filled with luxuriant foliage, how barren places could be transformed with lovely verdure. Lessons were taught of ways to have flowers from the opening of spring until the coming of frost. We have felt an advantage from your editorial columns, in the intelligence in the laying out of their gardens, and the selection of varieties for them, that people are displaying to-day over the time when The Garden Magazine started. Thousands of amateurs are to-day well posted on trees, shrubbery, and flowers; whereas ten years ago comparatively few were interested in the technique of horticul- ture.— Wm. H. Moon Co. HONOR ROLL OF “ASSOCIATE FOUNDERS” WHO HAVE USED THE COLUMNS OF “ THE GARDEN MAGAZINE ” IN THE FIRST YEAR AND CONTINUOUSLY UP TO THIS TIME Allen, W. F. Johnson & Son, S. C. Andorra Nurseries. Kelsey, Harlan P. Alexander, J. K. Layve & Hwviell. Baines, Miss Ella V. Lester Co., Francis E. Baker & Co., Ltd., Walter. Livingston Seed Co. Barwell, I W. Lord & Burnham Co. Bateman Mfg. Co. Lovett, J. T. Bay State Nurseries, The Marshall & Co., W. E. Berger & Co., H. H. Maule, Wm. Henry Blatchford’s Calf Meal Co. May & Co., L. L. Bobbink & Atkins Meehan & Sons, Inc., Bonora Chemical Co. Thomas Brown Co., The E. C. Michell Co., Henry F. Burpee & Co., W. Atlee. Moon Co., The W. H. Cabot. Samuel Myers, Wm. S. Collins, Arthur J. Palisades Nurseries. Conard & Jones Co., The North Shore Ferneries Cottage Gardens Co., Inc. Peterson, G. 11. Cowee, Arthur Pratt Co., B. G. Dingee & Conard Co. Rawson & Co., W. W. — Dreer, Inc., H. A. (fottler-fiske-rawson Elliott Nursery Co. CO.) Ellwanger & Barry Reasoner Bros. Galloway Terra Cotta Co. Rhodes Mfg. Co. Gillet, E. Rhoers Julius Good & Reese Co. Sherwin-Williams Co. Green’s Nursery Co. Simmons Hardware Co. Gregory & Son, J. J. H. Stark Bros. Hammond’s Slug Shot Works Stevens Arms & Tool Harris, S. G. Co., J. Harrison’s Nurseries Storrs & Harrison Co. Hartmann, Sanders Co. Stumpp & Walter Co. Heller Bros. Thorburn & Co., J. M. Henderson & Co., Peter Vaughan’s Seed Store Hitchings & Co. Vick’s Sons, James Hicks & Son, Isaac Wagner Park Conserva- Hill Dryer Co. TORIES Hill, D . Nursery Co. Walsh, M. H. Home Correspondence School Weeber & Don Hoopes Bros. & Thomas White, Miss Emma V. Horsford, F. H. Whitten, C. E. Hubbard, T. S. Wright Wire Co. C. W. Barry M. H. Walsh Ellwanger & Barry’ David Hill W. Atlee Burpee F. W. Bruggerhof (J. M. Thorbum & Co.) W. H. Moon ( Deceased ) George H. Peterson E. W. Stark (Stark Bros. Co.) M. Henry Lynch (Heller Bros.) F. H. Horsford A FEW REPRESENTATIVE HORTICULTURISTS WHO HAVE LIVED WITH “THE GARDEN W. H. Wyman J. T. Lovett (Bay State Nurseries) MAGAZINE" FROM THE BEGINNING T HE GARDEN M A G A Z I N E 37 Henderson’s Tested Seeds The firm of Peter Henderson & Co. was founded in 1847 and the 68 years of successful seed-raising and selling that is behind every package of Henderson’s seeds must and does make them the best that it is possible to buy. In your grandfather’s day, Henderson’s was the standard by which other seeds were judged, and the same condition exists in 1915. Our methods of seed-testing, which were the best three generations ago, have been improved upon from year to year and are today still the best. The unknown quantity in your garden is the quality of the seeds you plant, and you cannot be too careful in seeing that you obtain the best procurable. The most critical of all planters in the choice of their seeds are market- gardeners or truck-farmers. Perhaps the best endorsement of the quality of Henderson’s seeds is the fact that Peter Henderson & Co. supply a larger number of professional growers than any two seed houses in the world. The very existence of these men depends upon their receiving the best quality of seeds. That Peter Henderson & Co. are easily pre-eminent in the pro- fessional growing field is the best endorsement of Henderson’s seeds that can be given. Henderson’s seeds are tested seeds. “Everything for the Garden” is the title of our annual catalogue. It is really a book of 208 pages, handsomely bound with a beautifully em- bossed cover, 8 colored plates and over 1000 half tones, direct from photographs, showing actual results without exaggeration. It is a library of everything worth while, either in farm, garden or home. A Remarkable Offer of Henderson’s Specialties To demonstrate the superiority of Henderson’s Tested Seeds, we have made up a Henderson Collection, consisting of one packet each of the following six great specialties: Ponderosa Tomato Big Boston Lettuce Henderson’s Invincible Asters Mammoth Butterfly Pansies Eckford’s Large Flowering Sweet Peas White Tipped Scarlet Radish In order to obtain the largest possible distribution for our annual catalogue “Everything for the Garden” we make the following unusual offer: Mail us 10c and we will send you the catalogue, together with this remarkable “Henderson’s Specialty Collection.” Every Empty Envelope Counts 3.S Cash This collection is enclosed in a coupon envelope which, when emptied and re- turned, will be accepted as 25c cash payment on any order of one dollar or over. PETER HENDERSON & CO. 35-37 Cortlandt Street NEW YORK CITY Peter Henderson & Co. 35-37 Cortlandt Street, New York City I enclose herewith, ioc for which send catalogue and “Henderson’s Specialty Collection,” with complete cultural directions, including the “Henderson Garden Plans” as advertised in Garden Magazine. G. M. If you wish information about dogs apply to the Readers' Service 38 TIIE GARDEN MAGAZINE February, 191, 5 '0m •xA MICHELES AhniversaLry Catalog of Seeds, Plants, Bulbs and Garden Sundries is now ready A complete garden book — offers the best in flowers, vegetables, hardy perennials, annuals, vines, shrubbery and pot-grown roses. 228 pages brimful of suggestions that will help you make practical selections. Complete planting in- structions; extensive illustrations — six rich color plates reproduced from nature. Full description of the Michell medals for achievement in Horticul- ture and Agriculture (in Gold, Silver and Bronze). Furnished free to civic organizations, etc., as a stimu- lus to their members. Write to-day tor your free copy When you get it be sure to note especi- ally the Everblooming Butterfly Bush (see cut), and the Special $1 Introductory Bag of Michell’s Evergreen Mixture — enough of the finest A grass seed for an average lawn. Henry F. Michell Co. 520 Market Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Start a Fernery Brighten up the deep, shady nooks on your lawn, or that dark porch corner — just the places for our hardy wild ferns and wild flower collections. We have been growing them for 25 years and know what varieties are suited to your conditions. Tell us the kind of soil you have — light, sandy, clay — and we will advise you. Gillett’s Ferns and Flowers will give the charm of nature to your yard. These include not only hardy wild ferns, but native orchids, and flowers for wet and swampy spots, rocky hillsides and dry woods. We also glow such hardy flowers as primroses, campanulas, digitalis, violets, hepaticas, trilliums, and wild flowers which require open sunlight as well as shade. If you want a bit of an old-time wildwood garden, with flowers ust as Nature grows them — send for our new catalogue and let us advise you vhat to select and how to succeed with them. EDWARD GILLETT, 3 Main St., Southwick, Mass. An Alaskan Flower Garden THE town of Skagway, Alaska, lies at the head of Lynn Canal, a majestic fjord extending in- land from the Pacific Ocean a distance of more than ioo miles, and is inside of the Southeastern Alaska rain-belt, as is evidenced by the annual precipi- tation which averages only about twenty inches. The outdoor growing season generally extends from about May rst to September 30th. Being on tide- water and within the tempering influence of the Japan Current, we are not subject to the intense cold of interior Alaska, and the temperature during the winter rarely falls below zero. The soil of the Skagway Valley consists of a sandy loam approxi- mating only eighteen inches in depth, beneath which lies a deposit of sand, gravel and boulders undoubtedly left there unknown centuries ago by the receding glaciers which at one time filled all the valleys of this region. This fertile soil, the ample sunshine of our eighteen- to twenty-hour long sum- mer days, a temperature which is neither too hot nor too cold, an almost complete freedom from in- sect pests, and natural and perfect drainage, furn- ish ideal conditions. Practically our only enemy is the southerly trade wind which blows frequently on summer afternoons, and against which some shelter must be devised for tall growing plants which are in exposed situations. . During the season of 1912 we had flowers in bloom from the rst of June until the xst of October, and some of the more hardy kinds, such as pan- sies, sweet peas and antirrhinums, continued bloom- ing during the greater part of October. Think of sweet peas nine feet in height without special culture, pansies three inches across, stocks three feet high and godetias four feet high, asters more than seven inches across, and dahlias fully ten inches in diame- ter! In my own garden last season I had seven- teen kinds of flowers blooming outdoors — pansies, sweet peas, salvias, stocks, antirrhinums, petunias, dahlias, gladiolus, dianthus, phlox, asters, rudbeckia, godetias, schizanthus, canary vine, nasturtiums, and annual hollyhocks! Some of our neighbors cultivated other flowers in addition to the foregoing — even some splendid Hybrid Per- petual roses — and all grew luxuriantly. In 1911 I had some vigorous roses in bloom including Frau Karl Druschki, but the bushes winter-killed. In order to accomplish these results we first aim to get the very best seeds in the market. My own plan — - and it is the method generally pre- valent here — is to start practically everything indoors in seed flats, using a carefully prepared soil of loam and leafmold, and observing the customary rules as to depth of planting, watering, etc. Some of the slower germinating seeds are started very early in March, and the others at intervals there- after until about the middle of April. During the day, while the house is warm, we keep the flats at the windows having a southern exposure where they can get all possible sunlight, but we are al- ways careful at night to remove them to a more sheltered location — a snug spot near the kitchen range Is my favorite place. As soon as the little seedlings show from two to four leaves we transplant carefully into larger boxes or pots where they are allowed to remain until “Frozen Alaska" — with geraniums, poppies, pansies, dahlias, etc., blooming outdoors! The Readers’ Service will furnish information about foreign travel February, 1915 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 39 Farr's Hardy PlcnTt® Specialties New Edition, 1915-16 Ts a book — rather than a mere catalog — that tells in an extremely interesting way of the habits, the form, the likes and dislikes of my favori te perennials, the time of bloom- ing and the colors of the flowers, the text having been written from my own field notes. The camera caught many of these flowers in their natural beauty, just as they grew here at Wyomissing. Twenty- four full page illustrations (twelve in nat- ural colors, reproduced from Lumiere color plates) show the glory of my hardy perennials. It answers the question, “Where can one find a book on the Peony?” for it accurately describes over five hundred varieties and tells you more about the Peony than any other book ever published It is the recognized authority on the Iris. It classifies the hundreds of varieties and tells how and where to grow them. Other leading specialties described at length are: Phloxes, Delphiniums, Hardy Asters and Chrysanthemums, a splendid list of Roses and a unique collection of the new Lilacs. This book is for you, if you write for it, and I trust it may be an inspira- tion to you as its predecessors have been to other flower lovers. Bertrand H. Farr Wyomissing Nurseries 104 Garfield Ave., Wyomissing, Pa. FRUIT PLANTS In buying Knight’s Fruit Plants you reaping the benefit of our 30 years’ experience. No better plants can be secured anywhere. We sell nothing but the very best, hardy, well rooted stock. We are offering $100 in Gold Free this year to the owner of the most productive strawberry patch. Let us tell you more about this contest. It will obligate you in no way. Full particulars regarding it are given you in Knight’s B ook on Small Fruits Send for it — it’s absolutely FREE. It is well illus- trated and also completely catalogues all our varie- ties of small fruit plants. Knight’s plants are heavy bearing, big money-makers for the owners. Write us today. David Knight & Son Sawyer, Michigan Tree Roses We have this year an unusually large and beautiful selection of these popular and showy plants. All our tree roses are grown on Rugosa stock, which is hardy and healthy and admirably adapted to our climate. Dickson’s Irish Roses The Blue Ribbon Winners of the Rose World Our specialized collection of these, true-to-name, beautiful, fragrant flowers, affords the rose lover a wide range of choice. Our customers are constantly winning prizes on blooms from this stock. All our roses are field grown, heavy 2, 3 and 4 year plants. No pot plants, no Holland stock, no seconds. From our collection of more than 200 varieties, you will find roses for every place and purpose. Evergreens, in 70 varieties from 6 in. to 16 ft. Also a fine lot of dwarf and standard Fruit Trees, Hardy Perennials, Vines, Shrubs, and Deciduous Trees, many in extra sizes for immediate effect. Send today for illustrated catalog, a cyclopedia of information for the grower. Gives sizes as well as prices. Write for special quotations on large orders. OUR MOTTO: Prices as low as Consistent with Highest Quality. Rosedale Nurseries S. G. Harris Box A, Tarry town, N. Y. Lovely Roses, Shrubs, Trees, Hardy Plants —that will be a real asset to your home: we have them all — the good things described in our comprehensive book. You will be delighted with it. The descriptions are dependable and will aid you in selecting plants for any pur- pose or position. The book leaves you in the dark about nothing pertaining to plants for ornamental purposes. The cultural directions alone would make it worth preserving. Do you know that many so-called hardy plants are not hardy in your locality and that many are hardy only when grown under ideal con- ditions in the nurseries? Our 21 years of experience and intimate knowledge of plants are at your disposal for the asking. SEND FOR THIS BOOK TODAY It is free and a postal card will bring it by return mail. Let us recom- mend to you a Jew plants that will do well, in your locality. We have a large and modern Greenhouse plant in connection with our Nursery. Here we grow an immense quantity of Palms, Ferns, Bed- ding Plants, etc., adapted for indoor culture and bedding out, also the loveliest Cut Flowers, which we pack to ship hundreds of miles, to some dear friend of yours, with your card enclosed. Our line is most complete and everything is grown under ideal conditions and under our personal supervision. We do things here in a distinctive way— the BAUR way. That is the secret of our success. But let us send you our book. It will tell you how and why we give satisfaction. BAUR FLORAL CO. 15 East Ninth St., Erie, Pa. Nurseries and Greenhouses: West Twenty-First Street _____ The Readers’ Service will give information about the latest automobile accessories 40 T II E G A R 1) E N MAGAZINE February, 19 1 5 THORBIH I SEEDS 8 BULBS Out' 1915 Sp ntip Catalog is full of real Garden • • • lrelp • • prepare our seed cat- log each year with ae single thought of laking it of service to selection of the right flowers and vegetables for your garden, and in their planting and care. We have been helping our custo- mers to make successful gardens for more than a hundred years. We have learned a good deal about it, as you will see from the book. It will be sent free to anyone who has a garden or wants one. Drop us a postal today. Your copy is now wait- ing for you. J. Ms Thorburn & Co. 53 B Barclay St., through to 54 Park Place New York Just to look through its pages will make you long for spring to come ready to set outdoors, which with us is usually about the middle of May. I have two coldframes on the south side of the house where some of the plants are kept after being transplanted into the larger boxes; and for the same purpose also have a small glass house, or rather lean-to, about six by ten feet in size, with head-room, where the balance of the plants find a home until setting-out time. On cold nights the boxes in the coldframe are taken indoors for safekeeping, while Jack Frost is kept out of the glass house by means of a small oil heater, on top of which I keep water steaming to supply the necessary moisture. On pleasant days the plants are given an abundance of air in order to strengthen and harden them off. We usually plant sweet peas directly outdoors early in April, but as the ground is cold at that time and germination thereby retarded, it is my pur- pose to try the transplanting method this year which, 1 believe, should give the vines an earlier An Alaskan backyard — stocks, pansies, asters, godetias, and schizanthus all vigorously blooming start. Until last year I also planted canary vine and nasturtiums outdoors, but I learn from ex- perience that to sow indoors and then transplant, while it involves more labor, is surer and well worth the extra trouble. By so doing the plants are given an earlier start. While outdoor gardening is our chief pleasure and joy, the house plants are not neglected, and in our small conservatories and at the windows may be found a wealth of geraniums, lilies, cannas, gloxi- nias, fuchsias, begonias, ferns, etc., all depending upon the taste or inclination of the individual home owners. Alaska. W. C. Blanchard. A New Idea in Tree Labels ON THE grounds of Haverford College, a few miles out of Philadelphia, are many magni- ficent native trees, most of them matured speci- mens three-quarters of a century ago. The College recently labeled each of these in an effective and unique way. It had discs 2J inches in diameter cut out of zinc and stamped the botanical and common name of each tree in these with dies such as machinists use to mark their tools. A disc is fastened to each tree with a lag-screw, at the height of five feet. The advantage of using a lag-screw is that, when growing trees are labeled, the fastening may be loosened every few years to prevent the bark from growing over the label. Illinois. Fred Haxton, An adjustable zinc tree label held in place by a lag-screw What is a / air rental for a given property? Ask the Readers’ Service StlOJMtN »V BOVAL WARRANT 5 MAJESTY KING GEORGE V Make Your Garden Distinctive by planting some of the finer varieties of pedigreed flowers and vegetables offered by Jas. Carter & Co. of Raynes Park, Eng- land. Write at once for handsomely illus- trated catalog, Ameri- can edition. CARTERS TESTED SEEDS, Inc. 104 Chamber of Commerce Bldg., Boston, Mass. Branch at Seattle, Wash. In Canada — 133 King St. E., Toronto Branch of James Carter & Co., Raynes Park, England Te sted The Seeds with a Pedigree ” J Start Lima Beans, Corn and Melons in Paper Transplanting Pots (dirt bands) and when the ground is warm plant them in the garden without removing from the pots, and they will be ripe two weeks earlier. Tomatoes started this way at the Indiana Experiment Station yielded 4 tons more per acre and ripened 9 days earlier. 500 3-inch dirt bands or 300 4-inch prepaid by mail for $1.00. P. B. CROSBY & SON Catonsville Maryland February, 1915 T H E G A R D E N M AG AZIN E 41 Rose Growing — A Delight Do you know the joy of looking each day for new rosebuds, to watch them open and grow into splendor, to feel as if they were almost human and begging jour care and love? Plant a gar- den of C. & J. Roses and you’ll learn this delight. Ours are the aristocrats of the rose world — selected for their great beauty and hardiness and are guaranteed to grow and t bloom. Selected from all the varieties in commerce ^ they constitute a wide range in color, size and grow- A ing habits for all climates. We offer nearly A and safe. The Rose Guide isa beauty \ —contains 85 instructive illustra- tions— 19 in color — 42 pages of interesting descriptions. It’s free, and with it we send 9 Art Rose Poster Stamps, if you mention The Gar- den Magazine. Drop A H us a postal today. Plan ^ nnw for a beautiful rose garden. Re- ^^k member. (', ic J, ^^^k Koses nre guar- ^^k anteed to The CONARD & Jones Co. Box 24 West Grove, Pa. Rose Specialists — Over 50 Years’ Experience For YOUR Garden Fairfax Sunburst The queen of them all! An exquisite copper yellow, beau- tifully shaded. 2-year old plants forspring CAr delivery \/£ Delicately nurtured roses, propagated in hot green- houses, are not suitable for planting out-of-doors. Even it they do not die at the first touch of frost it will take them years to get acclimated so that they will bloom freely. What you want for your rose garden is plants that have been grown under conditions similar to what you can offer them. Fairfax Roses are propagated under natural conditions and wintered out-of-doors. They are hardy and vigorous, immune to frost and snow, and should thrive in YOUR garden as well as they do in ours. They will bloom luxuriantly the FIRST season — rich, rare blooms full of color and per- fume—without special care or nursing. 1915 Rose Book Free My new Rose Book tells you how to grow roses successfully and if you follow directions you can have a superb rose garden this summer. Write for a copy — it’s free. If you are having trouble with your roses that you do not understand write meabout _ ‘ it andl will gladJyadvise you what todo. W. R. GRAY Box 6, Oakton, Fairfax County, Va. WALSH’S HARDY ROSES Two year old — low budded dormant field-grown stock My roses have a reputation for giving best results and have won many gold and silver medals in past years. They are far superior to pot grown roses which are usually grafted and are seldom over three or four months old. Send for my catalogue which not only describes a most complete collection of the best varieties for the garden, but also gives cultural directions for obtaining the best results in rose growing. Which won the GOLD MEDAL at the Florists’ Conven- tion held in Boston last summer. The “EXCELSA” is the finest and brightest red climbing rose grown and is entirely free from the pur- plish tint which develops in the ordinary Crimson Rambler. Does not be- come unsightly in August. MI! IT/ 1 1 Rose Specialist for 40 Years . ±1. Waist! WOOD S HOLE, MASS. The Readers’ Service will give information about automobiles 42 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE February, 1915 Crucible tool-steel blades are the only kind to successfully stand the severe work in a Power Mower. Every blade of the PENNSYLVANIA Quality Lawn Mower (HAND, HORSE OR POWER) is made of the highest grade of crucible tool steel, oil-hardened and water-tem- pered, and is positively self-sharpening. “Pennsylvania” Mowers stand up under the hardest use, without going to the shop for repairs or grinding, for years at a time. "PENNSYLVANIA’' Quality Mowers have been the standard for over a-third-of-a-century. If you want an easy-driving and smooth-running Mower, one that is best for every class of work, and that will accomplish more with less labor than any other Mower made, insist upon a “PENNSYL- VANIA” Quality. Ask your hardware dealer or seedsman about any of the following "PENNSYL- VANIA” Quality brands: “Pennsylvania” “New Departure” “Great American” “Golf” “Continental” Horse and Power “Keystone*' and others Look for the “Pennsylvania” trade mark on the handle. Mnllorl Free "Scientific Lawn Making.” iTiaiicu i * cc an instructive book written by a prominent authority , gladly mailed to any one interested, together with a catalog of PENNSYLVANIA* * Quality Lawn Mowers . SUPPLEE-B1DDLE HARDWARE COMPANY Box 1575 Philadelphia. V I C K’S GARDEN ^ITTTIM? FOR^* all FLORAL VJ U LUtL 1 9 1 5 ITS FREE Several new WRITE TODAY features. Contains valuable practical information on planting, etc., just what you need to know about the garden. A large number of splendid new varieties. For 66 years the leading authority on V egetable, Flower and Farm Seeds. Plants, Bulbs and Trees. This book, the best we have issued, the result of our experience as the oldest mail order seed concern in America, is yours, absolutely free. Ask for your copy today, before you forget it. JAMES VICK’S SONS 62 Stone Street, Rochester, N. Y. The Flower Ctty “Landscape Extension” in the Middle West MY OLD friends may like to have a word about my new work at the University of Illinois. Many of you, doubtless, have never heard of this institution. It is one of these new Middle Western universities, which have a popularity and magnitude so enormous that I can never get used to their scale of operations. The University of Illinois, for instance, has more than 5,000 students, and has nearly $5,000,000 to spend this biennium. In a good many lines of effort it is recognized as the largest, best, or first. It was the first to employ a man to devote his whole time to University exten- sion work in landscape gardening. The aim of this endeavor is to teach the people of Illinois the best ways of arranging private and public grounds for utility, health, and beauty. The service is intended especially for those who can never afford to employ a landscape gardener. Thus, you see, I am still teaching the old subject that you and I love, but in a “new country.” I have turned from the national field to the state. Instead of trying to cover forty-eight farms, I now cultivate one, and the results are correspond- ingly greater. The movement is just old enough to have the first accurate measure of its achieve- ments. The figures are before me as I write, and if the time were ripe, I would gladly give them to you, for they are most encouraging to all true lovers of home gardening. Suffice it is to say that Illinois is now old enough and rich enough to desire eagerly the best of everything in life, and people are respon- sive to all suggestions for public and private improvements involving a permanent and appro- priate type of beauty. A great change in the public attitude has come within ten years. The Landscape Extension movement could never have succeeded if it had been launched the same day that The Garden Magazine began its •career. This new field I am cultivating in a way that is new to me, for I have become the last thing in the world I expected to be — a lecturer — and do you know, if I must confess the whole truth, I rather like it! The people of Illinois seem willing to give a fair hearing to any one who is very much in earnest, and their friendliness is promptly won by any pictures that show beautiful results achieved by Illinois effort. I like my new tool, the lantern slide, quite as well as the pen. The chief foe of beauty here is apathy — the spirit that is content with bare and ugly home surroundings. You might fancy that such a thing never existed in the world, provided you were luxuriating amid the gardens of Lake Forest, Winnetka, Highland Park, and other famous suburbs of Chicago. But, down here in the Corn Belt, where a bad tenant system curses one of the richest regions in the world, and down in “Egypt,” where the land is too poor to raise wheat, it is rare indeed to see a farmstead that has been planned by a landscape gardener. Many of the farm yards have no ornamental trees and shrubs — other than the ubiquitous windbreak in which the dismal Norway spruce cuts through the billowy grace of prairie woodland like a rip saw. Our main effort, therefore, is to persuade the farmers to spend about $10 each on foundation planting, on the theory that in three years they will like the result well enough to get a plan for improving the whole farmstead. There is no doubt that the “before and after” pictures are persuading the farmers to “loosen up.” Here, then, is a line of achievement in which I never felt that I accomplished anything through writing. It may be a mistake, but I sometimes feel that horticultural periodicals reach only, or chiefly, those who are already “saved.” Like every other missionary I must concern myself mainly with those who have not been enlightened. The lantern slide is the best crusader against ugli- ness, whether in country or city, that we have found. It reaches a class of people who never see The Garden Magazine. Yet they are the ones who need it most. How I wish that some of my old or new friends would send it to one hundred poor homes in a certain Illinois city, where a local organization can prove that every copy would be worn out with use and make all the difference between degrading and inspiring home surround- This instructive book of 144 pages, devoted to everything for the Farm — Garden — Lawn brim- ful of useful information and sug- gestions, is yours for the asking. It is attractively and conveniently arranged with many clear pictures show- ing results you can obtain in your gar- den and text explaining how to get these results. It contains complete description of the latest novelties and specialties in flowers and vegetables, as well as stand- ards. All plants described are grown from su- perior strains, selected from types that we have tested with splendid results. That our seeds give satisfaction is at- tested by the fact that, from a small beginning 1 7 years ago, our business has steaddy grown until it has become nec- essary for us to occupy one of the larg- est buildings in New York devoted to this kind of business. A copy of this useful catalog sent free upon request. Kindly mention “Gar- den Magazine,” when writing. 30 & 32 Barclay Street New York rregoiys Vegetables VTE FAIR Order This State Fair Collection. You will win next fall by growing ^ ** these sorts. 5 large packets 1 |l/» of choicest seeds mailed for X \J X/ Gregory’s Improved Crosby Beet ;Lu- cull us Swiss Chard, for Greens; Sugar Loaf Lettuce, a dandy: Extra Early Scarlet Globe Radish; Gregory ’« Victor Squash. Fine Catalog Free i Describes the very best reliable sorts i of vegetable, field and flower seeds. j| Illustrated with “true-to-nature” 1 pictures. Gives honest prices ^ for honest seeds. Write today. x-.« J. J. H. GREGORY & SON Write to the Readers’ Service for information about live stock February, 1915 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 43 umor PowerLawnMower $225 A well kept lawn is “a thing of beauty and a joy for- ever.” Good taste, joy of ownership, love of beauty and civic pride all are expressed by a handsome lawn, just as a scraggly, ill-kept lawn denotes an owner of careless habits. Specifications Ideal Junior 3 H. P. motor (S. A. E. rating). National high tension magneto. Travels i to 4 miles per hour. 25 inch cut. Cuts s acres per day at cost of 20 cents (10 hours). Climbs 40% grades. Cutting adjustment \ inch to 2 inches. Automatic sharpening device operated bv motor fur- nished with each machine. For large estates, golf clubs and country clubs, we offer the Ideal 38 inch Combina- tion Roller and Mower at $400. Write for catalog illustrated with photographs of these machines in operation. Ideal Power Lawn Mower Co. R. E. Olds, Chairman 416 Kalamazoo St.( Lansing, Mich. OUR CATALOG OF Gladiolus Bulbs Is Now Ready For Distribution It describes more than one hundred choice varieties — many of them quite rare Chamberlain & Company Gladiolus Growers Wellesley Massachusetts D. HILL NURSERY CO.Jnc. Evergreen Specialists 106S Cedar St., Dundee. Ill, Evergreens That Beautify Plant Hill s evergreens of known quality and growth. Make your property more at- tractive — more valuable — a place of beauty and refinement We are evergreen specialists — 56 years* experience. Greatest selection obtainable in Amor- iea.Over50 mil lion of the choic- est and hardiest varieties. Large and small trees supplied in any quantity. Lowest prices. Expert advice and handsome Evergreen Book illustrated in colors free. Avoid disappoint- ments— plant Hill’s ever- greens—famous for over half a century. Safe delivery and satisfaction guaranteed. 'Write today. Get our free book. ‘'The Home of Heather ” KNIGHT & STRUCK CO. Plantsmen — Seedsmen One Madison Ave. New York Announce their Seed and Plant Book for 1915 This distinctly different catalogue, now ready for distribution, has been prepared to help the gardening enthusiast become proficient in his study, to guide him, and to give valuable information. It is a book that will eagerly be sought for its contents and will make a valuable addition to your garden library. A copy will be sent you free on request. Write right now. For information regarding railroad and steamship lines , write to the Readers' Service 44 T II E G A II D E N MAG A Z I N E F EBBDABY, 19 15 WAGNER PARK NURSERIES Box 830. Sidney, Ohio C- A Wagner Planting in Dayton, Ohio Let Wagner Beautify Your Grounds PUT the problem of your landscape treatment up to the Wagner Park Land- scape Architects. Let them work out the' details of planting for immediate effect and for permanent satisfaction. They will enhance the natural charm of pleasant outlook and smiling vista and screen all that is unlovely behind quick growing trees and evergreens. They will bring to their work the rich resources of Wagner Park Nurseries, hardy flowers and roses, shrubbery, vines and grasses, deciduous trees and evergreen conifers, all in the rugged hardihood that assures speedy growth and splendid results. Wagner Landscape Service extends from the simplest home lot to the most ex- tensive estate. It is yours to command. Write today for particulars and for our beautiful new Catalog 57 . Ik Prices Below All Others I will give a lot of new sorts free with every order I fill. Buy and test. Re- turn if not 0. K. — mone^ refunded. Big Catalog FREE Over 700 illustrations of vegetables and flowers. Send yours and your neighbors’ addresses. FINEST GLADIOLI America, Mrs. King, Baron Hulot. 50c. per dozen postpaid. Niagara, Panama, Halley, Scarsdale, Peace, 75c. per dozen, postpaid. FINEST ROSES Best varieties roses. No. i, finest, strong two-year field-grown stock. Only $2.00 per ten. Why pay more? Supply limited. Send for catalogue and order now M. S. PERKINS & CO. Danvers, Mass. Lest You Forget THINGS THAT THRIVE Peonies Iris Gladioli Shrubs Roses Vines, etc. R. H. SHUMWAY Rockford. Illinois FKKI> W. CAKI>, Sylvanla, l*a. Dreer s Dahlias V\7E offer and fully describe in our v * Garden Book this season three hundred and forty-eight of the choicest New and Standard varieties, which include all types and colors of this favorite Fall flower, every one having been carefully tested and found desir- able. If you have never grown Dahlias you should begin by getting our Six “ Incomparable ” Dahlias for Garden Decorations for $1.25 Or s etui for a copy of our Garden Book free and make your own selection. 714-716 Chestnut Street Philadelphia, Pa. HENRY A. DREER Cactus Dahlia DAHLIA SPECIALISTS ings. I verily believe that $150 invested in this way would influence $1,500 worth of permanent improvements in the health, comfort, and beauty of the city! My second enemy has grown so tame that he will eat out of my hand — sometimes, though at others he treacherously nips the outstretched fingers. I blush to mention him by any of the harsh names with which I was wont to assail your finer sensibilities. In polite society he — or is it she? — is known as the “gardenesque style.” You already have proof that I now view this monster with less violent hate and more philosophic calm. No, I have not “sold out” to the interests that care more for quantity than for quality. We do occa- sionally “snick” off a few of the old hydra’s heads, but it is in a spirit of play — not of war. We are too busy illustrating the better thing. But there are two times, in every lecture when The Garden Magazine influence shows itself like a huge bouquet of peonies — the new, fragrant kinds with the good form and color. Whenever I silently introduce the portrait of my dear old friend, the canna bed in the middle of the lawn, there is every kind of joy from the concerted giggle, through honest chortling to the loud guffaw. If a lantern slide “does the trick,” why use mere words? Verily they may be works of supererogation. The same crowd responds in the same way to the lawn that is peppered with cut- leaved, weeping, and variegated freaks. Surely The Garden Magazine had a great part in ed- ucating popular taste among those merry- makers. Indeed the State of Illinois has so many “Gar- den” readers that I trust the editor will indulge me long enough to say a special word to them. Every week, seemingly, a letter comes from some enthusiast who alleges, “You do not know me, but, I have taken Country Life and Garden from the beginning. I bind the volumes, and I have all your writings by heart. Can’t you give us a lecture?” etc., etc. Really, I never knew so many copies of G. M. ever went to the bindery. But do you know the joys of meeting for the first time friends whom you have known for many years by corres- pondence? Then you understand how it feels for a stranger to be welcomed everywhere. May I ask you to receive my new associates in the same spirit? They have all been well trained in design and have had practical experience in the execution of plans. I shall always be glad to meet new-old friends and will see you when I can, but when I can’t, please don’t insist that “no one else will do, because we have taken The Garden Magazine from the beginning,” etc., etc. That song is getting to be a trifle repetitious. We now have three able lecturers who are also designers, and our little one- man movement of two years ago now employs eight persons — a small but devoted band of mis- sionaries. To readers in other states may I give a message? I cannot see you as often as formerly, nor can I write as frequently, but, if you care for it, I will send you a souvenir in the form of a large publication on landscape gardening containing 1 12 illustrations. I can send a limited number of copies to persons outside of Illinois who are willing to do what they can to establish or encourage the landscape exten- sion movement in their own states. This publica- tion is popularly known as the “ Illinois Way.” Of course, a state style of landscape gardening, strictly speaking, is impossible. The “Illinois Way” simply means the use of a high percentage of trees, shrubs, and vines native to Illinois. It is, indeed, merely the old gospel of local color in a new dress that may help to arouse a feeling in your state for your native materials. Some day, I hope I may be able to send you a book on “The Prairie Style of Landscape Gardening.” Much of my old passion for Americanism is now harnessed in the service of this new movement, which means more than local color or even regional color. The Prairie Style of Architecture has a new idea as big as that of the Gothic. If you have seen only extreme forms or imitations of it you may not like my invitation to come to Chicago and see some famous specimens of the “Prairie Style” in landscape gardening. Some come to scoff, but remain to pray. The Prairie Style is not antagonistic to conventional landscape gardening but it places emphasis on the horizontal line and on restoration. Illinois. Wilhelm Miller. February, 1915 T II E G A II D E N M A G A Z 1 N E 45 Refer your difficult garden problems to us. Direct representatives of our nur- sery (expert plantsme.n — we have no 11 agents") travel widely each year, combining touch with your local conditions with our broad knowledge of hardy plants which best meet those conditions. Thomas Meehan & Sons Box 17 Germantown, Philadelphia, Pa. The North-Eastern Forestry Company Specialize in growing young trees for Forest Planting, lining out in nursery rows or under planting. Place your order now. We will hold the stock for you in our nur- series until Spring. Millions of coniferous Seedlings and Transplants of different ages and sizes. Our stock was never better, and prices are exceptionally low for the grade of stock offered. Catalogue and Booklet sent on request, and information regarding stock gladly furnished. “We raise our own trees’’ The North-Eastern Forestry Co. Cheshire, Conn. FRUIT PEARE DWARF TREES PEACH Best for HOME GARDEN BEAR QUICKER LESS ROOM FINEST FRUIT Also Full Line STANDARD FRUIT TREES Choice Stock CATALOGUE FREE THE VAN DUSEN NURSERIES W. L. McKay, Prop, Box G, Geneva, N. Y. ORCHIDS Largest importers and growers of Orchids in the United States Send twenty-five cents for catalogue. This amount will be refunded on your first order. LAGER & HURRELL Orchid Growers and Importers SUMMIT, N. J. Dahlias Cannas Gladioli Catalogue now ready. Will be pleased to mail you copy upon your request. Richard Buys, Paterson, New Jersey How to Grow Fruit FREE Write today for our book — more than a catalog. Tells what to plant in your locality, how to plant, trim and spray. Describes and pictures our immense stock of Apples, Cherries, Peaches, Pears, small fruits, etc. — all “Wood Quality” stock. Also our big stock of ornamental trees, shrubs and plants for beautify- ing your home grounds. IVe sell direct only — at about half agents’ prices. We will send this book abso- lutely free. Not the biggest book, but one you can depend on. Don’t fail to write for a copy — return mail brings it. WOODLAWN NURSERIES, Allen L. Wood, 533 Culver Road, Rochester, New York ■■■■■■■■■■I The Readers' Service will gladly furnish information about Retail Shops We can answer your questions by mail. Or our representative may arrange to call while en tour in Jan- uary or February, if the points in- volved necessitate it. In any event, get our new catalog. It is ready. ‘ANDORRA,- Residence o/Wm. Warner FIarpkk , Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia Showing Results Six Months After Planting Weir's Cut -leaf and Red Maples — and Box Bush ANDORRA TREES for IMMEDIATE EFFECT Start with the largest stock that can be secured! It takes over twenty years to grow many of the Trees and Shrubs we offer. We do the long waiting- — thus enabling you to secure Trees and Shrubs that give an immediate effect. Consult us regarding your planting problems. ANDORRA NURSERIES Wm. Warner Harper, Proprietor Box G, CHESTNUT HILL, PHILADELPHIA, PENNA. 46 T H E G A R D E N M A G A Z I N E February, 191. 5 SUGGESTIONS FOFU THE HOME TABLE Graduate of i fir A&tionaf'fraininy Scffoof of Cookery, London, Gnytand'? \ / 0 on iTuc teef <&yL- EFFIE M , ROBINSON f 1HAVE been on a Quest with a capital Q, to find something different! One gets so tired of meat, ringing the changes on beef, lamb, pork, and veal, and in some families (my own, for instance) even veal is eliminated as it does not seem to agree with us. Now, for a change, it is sometimes pleasant to have fish, either as the chief course of the meal, or perhaps taking the place of soup, for the family dinner, as a rule, consists of only three courses — soup, meat, and dessert. The season of Lent again induces many people to the greater use of fish than at any other time of the year. Fish as it is cooked and served generally in this country seems to have always the same flavor — insipid if boiled and greasy if fried. And there is also but little choice in the kinds of fish. Canned Fish Food I have noticed in the cook books that generally the recipes are for cooking fresh fish and hardly any attention is paid to the canned articles, although in many parts of the country, I mean in the country places, it is almost impossible to get fresh fish. Of course we all know canned salmon, lobsters, and sardines, and how to prepare them; but have you ever tried tuna or tunny fish. Its flavor and texture is fine and firm, the taste being much like chicken, and although really as oily as salmon it seems more di- gestible and blends with other ingredients even more readily I think. It is delicious when mixed up with salad dressing and served on lettuce. Where Monotony Reigned In a little community in which I once lived for some years, there was a hard and fast rule laid down for Friday dinner, or supper, as it was called — fish cakes with tomato sauce! As regularly as clock work the potatoes were boiled and mashed, packages of codfish flakes soaked and dried, and the whole massed together and fried. I think the men of the household, as they traveled home on those Friday nights, must have dreaded their supper! Now a pleasant change would be to serve either devilled or scalloped canned crab meat. The flavor is different from cod. While on the subject of fish cakes there are now canned fish flakes which do not require any soaking previous to use, so that if a little lunch was wanted in a hurry these would be a great convenience. The cans are only ten cents each and a few of them should be kept in the store room. These flakes can also be used for creamed or scalloped fish and in any other way that suggests itself to the clever housekeeper . Another ten-cent article I discovered is a brand of fried fish cakes made from salt fish, potatoes, onions, eggs, butter, and spices. They are ready to serve, only requiring to be heated. So many people are situated so far from stores that it is an absolute necessity to be well supplied with viands of all sorts. Canned oysters and clams, with bouillon, are also reliable and useful for making cock- tails, chowders, stews, serving on toast or in patties. Other ready prepared fish are kippered herrings and, of course, sardines. Sunday Night Suppers It is often a problem to get something good and something different for the Sunday night supper. Cold meat sliced from the day’s hot joint, cold pota- toes fried, or potato salad, pickles, and layer cake are very good in their way; but why not surprise them every Sunday with one hot dish, something new each time. I am most enthusiastic over canned crab meat; I will give you the recipe I use and find always accept- able. The advantage of this is that you can prepare it in the morning and at supper time bake it. Turn the crab meat out of the tin into a shallow bowl, and carefully pick it over as there are membranes and strings to be removed; then break it up into small flakes, carefully mix with it the same quantity of bread crumbs, add half a teaspoonful of dry mustard, one small teaspoonful of salt, a good shake of cayenne pepper, and moisten with an egg well beaten or about two tablespoonfuls of cream. Butter one of those earthen casserole dishes — a deep oval one looks well — - fill it with the mixture and pour over the top three tablespoonfuls of melted butter, put on the lid and bake about half an hour. Take the lid off and brown the top before serving. This should be served right in the dish. I have one with a metal holder which looks pretty on the table. If you have no regular casserole dish pin a folded dinner napkin round the dish you cook the mixture in, setting it on another larger one, and serve it that way. A “Company” Fish Dish I made some “lobster cutlets” the other day that were most delicious. For one tin of lobster take two ounces of butter, two ounces of flour, a quarter of a pint of milk and a quarter of a pint of cream, one teaspoonful of lemon juice, pepper, cayenne pepper, and salt, an egg and some bread crumbs and frying fat or oil. The lobster must be carefully picked over and finely minced — not chopped but cut up with a knife. Melt the butter in a saucepan, but do not let it brown, then very carefully and slowly stir in the flour, stirring constantly, so that it will not get lumpy. Then, still very slowly, stir in the milk and cream and bring it to the boil. All sauces containing flour must boil to burst the starch grains and take away the raw flavor. Boil about a minute, then take it off the fire and add the lobster, lemon juice and all seasonings, mix thoroughly and put it aside to cool. When quite firm make into flat cutlets, dip in eggs, cover with bread crumbs and fry in pan of vegetable oil. I have also tried the delicious canned cod and herring roes that are in the market put up by a certain well known company. These have the flavor of the fish and add zest to a plain lettuce salad. Hard boiled eggs, sliced, are a good addition. Dried Fish an Emergency Dish There is quite a variety of dried fish in the markets, too. The one I like most of all is finnan haddie, a very savory dish with a most appetizing flavor peculiar to itself. Other smoked fish are salmon, halibut, cod fish, bloaters, herring, and salt mackerel. Dried fish costs just about as much as fresh fish but the great advantage is that it can be kept in a cool place for an indefinite period and when prepared seems to equal or, indeed, go farther than the fresh. It must, of course, be either soaked or put in the pot with cold water and gradually brought to the boil; bloaters and herrings, however, are simply scalded and dried thoroughly. These fish can be creamed, served with rice, broiled, scrambled with eggs, even fried in salt pork fat and served with mashed potatoes, or baked in milk. Fish is quite a concentrated food and requires the serving of creamed vegetables with it to give bulk, also salads, and acid fruits for dessert. Dorothy’s Getting Well Dorothy is just getting over the measles, and the Kew- pies, knowing it is time for her to be going back to her favorite dish, bring her a delicious dish of Raspberry It is one of the beauties of Jell-O that it is good for everybody, and any suggestion for the home table that omits Jell-O is seriously incomplete. Made in seven pure fruit flavors: Raspberry, Strawberry, Orange, Lemon, Cherry, Peach, Chocolate. Sold by all grocers, 10 cents a package. The new Jell-O book is a real Kewpie book, with pictures of the Kewpies by Rose O’Neill herself. If you desire one and will write and ask us for it we will send it to you free. THE GENESEE PURE FOOD CO. Le Roy, N. Y. and Bridgeburg, Can. ROYAL & ABSOLUTELY PURE The Prudent Houfetvife JVo Other Contains No Alum All foods advertised in this department have been tested and approved by EJJie M. Robinson. They are also sold and recommended by the Doubleday, Page & Co. Cooperative Store February, 1915 T H E G A R 1) E N M A G A Z I N E 47 $1420 from 133 J. H. Hale Peach Trees Averages 3 to § larger than Elberta; round, globular shape; golden yellow, carmine blush; solid as a cling yet perfect freestone; smooth, tight skin like an apricot; firm, solid — stands shipment almost like apples; ripens 5 days ahead of Elberta; hangs longer on trees; late bloomer; hardier than Elberta and other hardy peaches; fruit brings nearly double Elberta prices. Genuine trees obtainable only from Wm. P. Stark Nurseries, Stark City, Mo. Special Collection “B-X” $5.00 35 Trees, Shrubs and Vines — Postpaid Only Peach 5 "J. H. Hale” (Medium) 1 Alton (Early) 2 Early Elberta (Medium) 1 Red Bird Cling (Extra Early) Apple 4 Original Delicious (Win- ter) 1 Livland Raspberry (Sum- mer) 1 Wealthy (Fall) Grape 1 Agawam (Red) 1 Brighton (Red) 1 Campbell Early (Purplish Black) 1 Concord (Black) No Agents — i Diamond (Yellowish White) 3 Moore Early (Purplish Black) 1 Niagara (White) 1 Worden (Black) Ornamentals 1 Dorothy Perkins Climb- ing Rose 1 General Jacqueminot Rose 1 Helen Gould Rose 4 Spire a Van Houttei (Plant) (Bridal Wreath) 1 Russian Olive (Small Tree) 2 Honeysuckle Vine (Hall’s) Save l/z to Our catalog is our only salesman. Buy direct from Nursery and save money on all best varieties apple, peach, pear, plum, apricot, quince, grapes, bush fruits, roses, ornamentals, shrubs, etc. WM. P. STARK NURSERIES Box 388 Stark City, Mo. ^IIIIIIMMMIIIMMliniMMIIMIMIIIIIIIIIIMnilllllllllllinillllllMliniUllllllMIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIHIMIIininllllllllMIIIIIIMIIinillllllinillHIIMIIIMMinitltUMIIIIIIinilMIMMIIMUIIIIIIMIIIIIIinillllMHMIHIIMIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIIIIIMIIIIHMMIIIIMIMIIIUIIIIIinuiMIIIIIMMHIIIMIIIIIIMIIIIIIHIIIIIIIinillllllllU I “Peace” and “War” I “Peace” Two of Mr. Co wee’s Magnificent Gladioli Peace is one of the most beautiful of all the varieties I have introduced. The color is almost clear, pure white, with delicate veinings of lavender on the in- ferior petals. The flowers are large, and the buds will open the entire length of the spike, making “Peace” especially useful for house and table decorations. War is of the darkest blood-red imag- inable; the deep, broad throat is shaded and tinged with lustrous crimson-black. A wonderfully brilliant and striking flower that draws the attention of every visitor who sees the fields at Meadowvale Farms when the flowers of this variety are in their glory. "War’' | Cowee’s Gladiolus Bulbs Do Not Disappoint | I have only one ambition — to grow bulbs that will produce the most satis- j | factory flowers for my customers. I know I have succeeded, for every day | I some one tells me of the pleasure they derived from the bulbs I sent to them. J Here are two letters from the number, one from New England and one from I 1 the Northwest: The bulbs I received from you last year produced very fine blooms and the flowers far surpassed in size and beauty any I have ever seen. — F. A. G., Conn. The Gladioli have been in bloom for a couple of weeks; they are the wonder of the neighborhood and a source of immense pleasure and satisfaction to me. — S. II. B., Minn. “The Garden of My Heart” | is the title of a little story told by a dear old lady who loved the Gladiolus as | some people love the rose. You will enjoy the story, the pictures of different I varieties grown at Meadowvale Farms, and the information given about my { I bulbs. Send me your name and address and I will mail a copy to you. ARTHUR COWEE Box 180, Berlin, N. Y. \ ^IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIMIIIinillHIIIIIIIMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIH RIPE TOMATOES Earlier than you ever had them before No danger from frost, cold winds or late springs when protected with It Seed & PJdn t forcer Makes any kind of seeds or plants grow in the open garden just the same as if under hotbed sash. Cheap enough to use ’em by the i.ooo. Private and market gardeners take the hint. It’s the early crop that brings the pleasure and the profit. Send for my beautifully illustrated free catalog. It’s a compendium of many new and wonderful inventions for the up-to-date gardener. You’ll be glad you sent for it. The Ball Manufacturing Co. Dept. E. Glenside. Pa. — M INSUREYourPlciniinfr j Build up your soil and increase the yields. Unless you add HUMUS and PLANT FOODS to depleted soils you cannot expect results. Hoe“ure DIAMOND BRAND COMPOST SStaE is free from weed seeds, largely HUMUS and abounds in plant foods. It will also stimulate bacteriological action in the soil. A large grower aptly says “ Stable Manure is the only thing that supplies all the needs for truck, gardening, green- houses and lawns, with one application.” Give your lawn a coating of Com- post this Spring — need not be raked off — it will hold the moisture dur- ing the summer and keep your grass green. Use it in your vegetable and flower gardens. Put up in bags 100 lbs. each. Write for Circular “C” and prices. NEW YORK STABLE MANURE Co! fc* £73 WASHINGTON STREET. JERSEY CITV.n. J £ Dried, Ground The Readers' Service is prepared to advise parents in regard to schools 4K T H E G A R I) E N M A G A Z I N E V E « R l \ R V . 1 i) 1 .5 “ The stock ain’t fed yet, Hiram!’'' Played in town or country house — CAROM and POCKET BILLIARDS abound with thrills that crowd right out of mind the weighty cares ot the day! Thousands of homes are endowed with Billiards. Mothers, fathers, sons and daughters, and guests — everybody plays these princely games nowadays. And a real Brunswick 1 able will make your home the center of your social life. Brunswick Home Billiard Tables “GRAND” and “BABY GRAND” Built exactly like our famous regulation tables for all games of carom and pocket billiards — yet sizes and designs that har- monize with home surroundings. “GRAND” and ” BAB Y GRAND,” superbly made from rare and beautiful mahogany, richly inlaid. Have genuine Vermont slate bed. Monarch cushions — famed for lightning action — fast imported billiard cloth — life, speed and accuracy. A Year to Pay — Playing Outfit Free! Our popular purchase plan lets you try any Brunswick 30 days before you buy. Pay monthly if you wish — terms as low as 20 cents a day! Balls, Hand-Tapered Cues, Rack, Markers, Tips, Cue Clamps, Table Cover, expert rules on “How To Play,” etc. — all included without extra cost. Now get our valuable book, “Billiards — The Home Magnet,” that pictures all Brunswick Home Tables in actual colors, gives low factory prices and full details. Sent FREE. : '"Mail for Billiard Book FREE' ■£ ■ The Brunswick-Balke-Collender Co. (382) ■ Dept. 9-N, 623-633 S. Wabash Ave., Chicago : Send postpaid, free, your color-illustrated catalog, : i “Billiards— The Home Magnet” j : with details of your 30-day trial offer. S Name 5 ■ A ddress ■ P O , O - O Hicks’ Big Trees at Reduced Prices 10 Years Saved You may have a bare lawn and need shade. Why spend money to save time in other ways, and then buy small trees that take years to produce the re- sults you want? Hicks’ Nurseries offer trees twenty years old that save ten to fifteen years. Ten of the most perfect Norway Maples, 25 feet high and 15 feet wide, at 25% reduction because they are crowding on our nursery roads. Guaranteed trees that do not grow satisfactorily are cheerfuffy replaced. Send for Catalogs offering shrubs, fruit trees, and hardy flowers. The Hicks catalogs will aid you in select- ing trees that flt your soil and climate. =[ick5 iregs Isaac Hicks &>Son Wostburn . Lon*? Island The R ose Society’s Trial Garden THE American Rose Society last spring com- pleted arrangements to cooperate with the United States Department of Agriculture in estab- lishing a rose garden in Washington, D. C. This garden is to contain as complete a collection of roses as will grow out-of-doors in this section of America. The society is furnishing the roses, while the Depart- ment has set aside two acres of ground at its Arling- ton farm for the garden. The garden already contains about 320 varieties and eventually the site can accommodate as many as 2,000 varieties if they can be secured. The roses are arranged as far as possible accord- ing to parentage. Teas and hybrid teas, for in- stance, have a bed to themselves, as do hybrid perpetuals. As far as is practicable, roses are arranged according to color. Arbors will be in place next spring. A fence six feet high, on which climb- ing roses will grow, is to surround the garden. The walks are of tuif, a different kind of grass having been used in making each walk. Any grower of roses who thinks he may have roses not already in the national collection, has been invited by the American Rose Society to con- tribute a sample plant. Correspondence concerning such plants should be sent to Air. Alexander Cumnv ing, Jr., of Cromwell, Conn., chairman of the society’s Committee on Gardens. Either Air. I Cumming or the Department of Agriculture will supply a plan of the garden and a list of varieties already grown. Tuberous Begonias From Seed AS A low pot plant for decorative purposes, the tuberous begonia is unexcelled. It is won- derfully floriferous, and the blossoms have color, j form, and individuality. The foliage is a dark, glossy green. Sow the seed in January, February, or Alarch, although I have always had better luck from early planting. Use shallow pans in which has been placed an abundance of drainage and a sifted soil that is light in texture. An excellent one is com- posed of about one third well decayed leafmold, one third good turfy loam and a scant third of clean, sharp sand. Run this mixture through a fine sieve; one made from mosquito netting is ideal. Put the rough parts that won’t go through this sieve in the bottom of the pan over the drainage; then place about one half inch of the sifted compost on top, firming gently with a seed board. Sow the seed very thinly and do not cover it, but simply press it into the soil with the seed board. Do not water on top; the seed is very minute, almost resembling dust, so hold the pan in a pail of water and let the soil absorb it. Do not allow the water to come up to the level of the soil; hold the pan so that the rough j soil in the bottom is immersed for a few minutes. The top soil will absorb the moisture. Then place the pan in a warm greenhouse where 65 or 70 degrees at night is maintained. Cover the seed pan with ground glass or, lacking that, clear glass, and shade with paper as soon as the young plants appear. Ventilate the pan, or the seedlings will “damp off.” Water carefully. Top watering is to be avoided; I would recommend using the system explained above until the plants are removed from the pans. When the young plants are large enough to handle, pot them up into thumb pots; if neglected too long they will surely be stunted or will “damp off.” A better method is to place the young plants in flats about one inch apart until they get more growth. (For the shift use a soil that has some dried cow manure in it. Run it through a sieve. Use about one sixth of this to one third leafmold, one third turfy loam, and one sixth sand.) This is rather a tedious performance and is done by using two dib- bers just about the size and shape of well sharpened pencils. Lift the young seedlings with the two dibbers; then make a hole with one, set the plant and cover with the other dibber. Keep the young plants partially shaded and water carefully. When the plants have attained size and before there is any danger of their crowding, pot them up in thumb pots, using about the same mixture as recommended above. Keep on shifting to larger pots as may be necessary, but don’t, under any cir- cumstances, over-pot. Always knock a plant out * ♦ 4 4 4 4/.. What more pleasurable surprise could you give wife or mother than to present her with a daintily decorated, serviceable set of din- nerware? She would be especially ap- preciative should you select Homer Laughlin China. The graceful shapes, snowy-white glaze and exquisite pat- terns of this fine ware appeal to the woman who has an eye for artistic table decoration. In no less degree do its ex- cellent wearing qualities, and the fact that all patterns areopen stock— making it easy to keep any set complete at all times — appeal to her sense of economy and practicability. Homer Iaughun CHINA - ♦ 4 4' ♦ - 4 *• 4 4 ; * 4 * 4 4 ♦ 4 ♦ 4 lp gr- 41- - ♦ ’ 4 . 4 Made in America— in the largest pottery in the world — with 42 years of experience in china making as surety for its uniform excellence. The better dealers everywhere feature Homer Laughlin China and unhesitatingly recommend it. Your dealer will gladly show you his stock. The very modest prices will surprise you no less than the distinctive beauty of the ware itself. The trade mark ‘‘Homer Laughlin,” on the underside of each dish, is our guarantee to you of lasting satisfaction. Write for the China Book, a handsome brochure with color illustrations and valuable suggestions on the selection and care of dinnerware — it’s free. The Homer Laughlin ChinaCompany, Newell, WestVirgi -J!$ &£ irginia •■§£.. rS - -I*. < ITaK’iT T.T • .v. OLD FASHION FLOWERS ARE OUR SPECIALTY Choicest kinds, Astilbe, Coreopsis, Hardy Chry- santhemums, Sweet William, Lemon Lily, Garden Lily, Dame Rocket. Hollyhocks, Lily of the Valley, Periwinkle, Iris Siberica, Garden Pinks, Phlox, Spirea Elegans, Ferns, Box Edging. Any one kind, 15 cents each, $1.25 per 10, $10.00 per 100. Finest Shrubs. Japanese Barberry, Hydrangea, Forsythia, Hypericum, Honeysuckle vine, Lilacs, Mock Orange, Japanese Rose, Strawberry Bush, Bridal Wreath, Spirea Arguta. Any one kind 2; cents each, $2.00 per 10, $18.00 per 100. Assorted, our selection, same prices. WYOMANOCK NURSERIES, R. 1., Lebanon Springs, N. Y. The Readers’ Service will give information about automobiles February. 1 9 1 .5 T H E G A R 1) E N INI A G AZIN E 49 ROSES Our Rose Plants are strongest and best. They are always grown on their own roots. More than 60 years of “knowing how” behind each plant; that fact __ is your guarantee of satisfaction. Safe delivery guaranteed — our guide explains. No matter where you live you can depend on getting D & C roses in per- fect condition. Write for Our “New Guide to Rose Culture’’ tor 1915— Free This is absolutely the most educational work on rose culture ever published. It isn’t a catalog— it is the boiled-down, lifetime experience of the oldest rose growing house in the United States. The guide is free. It is profusely illus- trated i n natural colors. Describes over 1000 varieties of roses and other flowers and tells how to grow them. This guide will be treasured long by rose lovers — write before issue is all gone. It's free — send today. No other rose house has our reputation: Established 1850. 70 Greenhouses . THE DINGEE & CONARD CO. Box 237 West Grove, Pa. East Entrance to Conservatories Free to Flower Lovers on Request Gloede’s Complete, Revised Manual on Horti- culture and Rare Perennials, contains varieties that are not found in any other catalogue. Mr. Gloede has personally developed a remarkable number of rare and beautiful perennials which have taken years to accomplish and which are fully de- scribed in this book. Do not neglect to send for booklet No. 3, fully illustrated, on Mr. Gloede’s new invention of a scientific hanging basket and plant receptacle. If you want something different and the envy of your neighbors you will send for both today. ^GLOEDE’^ONSERVATOMES^iNMNSTONML^^ Over 100 Magnificent, New Dahlias originated by myself are put on the market in 1 9 1 5 for the first time. I grow over 1 000 varieties of dah- lias. Catalogue free. Geo. L. Stillman Dahlia Specialist Box C-5, Westerly New Paeony-Flowered Dahlia, Loveliness Rhode Island Jl~ A concise, easily understood explanation of the principles of Landscape Gardening, with directions for adapting them to any home. Especially valuable for owners of small and medium -size grounds. Many planting plans — with planting keys to show correct methods of landscaping. Tells how to be your own landscape I architect — how to properly plant your place M — best shade trees and ornamentals to use K to obtain desired effects. A new depar- ture — only book of its kind — written by practical experts. Simplified With the Compliments of STARK BROS Genuine J. H. Hale — wholesale prices. Best peach to follow Stark Early Elberta — very large, highly colored, more profitable than old Elberta. Has great record in our Louisiana, Mo., orchards. Wholesale Catalog Free— sS?k°BrosinNew Wholesale Catalog, containing special wholesale prices, also the famous “Story of an Apple.” Describes every money- making sort— shows you how to buy the best proved trees. Don’t fail to get this splendid free book— also Landscaping Simplified.” Write us today. will save you big money. Edition is limited — ask for your free copy now (use coupon). We save you money on ornamentals — on everything for your lawn, garden, orchard or farm. Published by the century-old nursery company that has given to the world the great Stark Delicious — *he ’World’s Greatest A — ciirnct rrmnpv. STARK BROS., Box 121 Louisiana, Mo. Please send free copy of great new book, “Landscaping Simplified,” which will tell me how to be my own Landscape Architect— free. I am interested in Stark Early Elberta-£X-™,d'-f greatest for shipping, marketing and canning — two weeks ahead of old Elberta and J. H. Hale— thor- oughly tested— succeeds in all peach sections. Stark Delicious Stark Early Elberta Wholesale Catalog Stark Bros. 121 Louisiana, Mo, LJ Other Fruits I may need about. Number Name Dodson Purple Martin House — 26 rooms and attic. Price $12.00, or with all-copper roof. $15 f.o.b. Chicago. How would you like to have a colony of sociable purple martins, or a family or two of Wrens or Bluebirds or Flickers living on your grounds this year ? Now is the time to invite them by setting out Dodson bird houses — because birds favor houses which are a bit weather-worn. I’ve won thousands of bird tenants for myself and my friends. I’ll help you win birds — wherever you live. Write for my free Book About Birds based upon my 19 years’ work for our native birds. Among the 24 bird houses, shelters, baths, etc., described and Dodson sparrow illustrated in my free book are : 1 rap J , Bluebird House. $5.00. Swallow House, $3.00 and $4.00. Chickadee or Nut-Hatch House, $2.50 and $3.50. Flicker or Woodpecker House, $2.50 to $5.00. Flycatcher House, $3.00 and $4.00. Observation House, $4.00 and $5.00 The famous Dodson Sparrow Trap automatically catches these quarrelsome pests — catches as many as 75 a day. Price $5.00. All prices are 1. o. b. Chicago. Dod*nn|» ren House — solid oak, cypress roof. Price $5 f.o.b. Chicago. JOSEPH H. DODSON, 709 Security Building, Chicago, 111. NOTE — Mr. Dodson, a Director of the Illinois Audubon Society will gladly answer any questions on the subiect of attracting and protecting our native birds. Th,t Readers' Service will gladly furnish information about Retail Shops 50 T HE G A R DEN M A G A Z I N E February, 1915 Gladioli A Great Bargain in Finest Quality Bulbs I have secured an option upon a large quantity of the following choice varieties, which I can sup- ply, while they last, at the prices quoted. 160 iooo AMERICA, finest pink; large flowers {1.25 $10.00 AUGUSTA, pure white; large flowers 1.50 12.00 BARON HULOT, beautiful rich blue 2.00 17.00 BR ENCH LEYENSIS, brilliant vermilion-scarlet 1.25 10.00 H ALLEY, bright salmon-pink; very popular 2.00 17.00 HOLLANDIA. rich salmon-orange; beautiful 2.00 17.00 MRS. FRANCIS KING, flamingo-scarlet; large 2.00 17.00 NIAGARA, soft primrose-yellow, large and beautiful .. . 5.00 40.00 PINK BEAUTY’, peach blow pink; early 1.00 10.00 PRINCEPS, rich crimson-scarlet; large and brilliant. .. . 2.50 20.00 TEN EACH OF THE ABOVE (regular price $5) 100 bulbs, 2 Dollars These bulbs were grown under contract by a prominent Holland grower for the French, German and Russian trade. The contracts were broken on account of the war, and the grower is compelled to sell at a great sacrifice. I will guarantee that they are of the same I* INE QUALITY as the goods I reg- ularly deliver to my customers. They are packed in lots of ioo, and not less than ioo bulbs will be sold to a cus- tomer at these prices. This is the great- est bargain ever offered in Gladioli Bulbs, and the entire allotment will be quickly taken. Compare these prices with any catalog and send your order with remit- tance today. A. B. Vanderbeek Paterson, N. J. ’-THOUSANDS of people aU A over the country know that for over ten years I have been selling the best gladioli at the lowest prices and I want more of them to know it. 1 keep getting and grovving the best varieties and I keep putting the prices down to meet the purses of the people. I am again offer- ing Fifty carefully selected gladiolus bulbs of flowering size for Fifty (50) Cents and I “pay the freight” and send my instructive catalogue of new and old named sorts and mixtures. This collection will contain a number of the best named sorts but without marks. Don’t forget that there are no better bulbs than I offer. I grow them myself and they are especiaLly,fine this year. Send your orders in now'. Box B GEO. S. WOODRUFF Independence, Iowa IRISES ens Exclusively There is no flower jg,j, as stately and artistic as this most popular of Ohio hardy garden flowers. We are the only Iris Specialists in America, grow- ing, and offering Irises ex- clusively. Beautiful catalog on request. ERITH N. SHOUP The Gardens DAYTON, OHIO Alexander’s Quality Dahlias THE TWENTIETH CENTURY FLOWER of the pot to determine if it needs repotting, and do not give them too great a shift at one time. I usually shift from a thumb pot to a 3-inch one, thence to a 4-inch and from that to a six, which is the final potting. The soil you can keep gradually The tuberous begonia, an unexcelled low pot plant for the house improving each time, using about one third manure, one third loam, and one third leafmold in the final mixture, with just a scattering of sand to keep it open. When the plants have filled the 6-inch pots with roots, they can be fed rather sparingly at first with liquid manures, using it freely after the plants have become accustomed to it. Keep the plants in the greenhouse until they are in full flower; then remove them to the house or conser- vatory for decoration. After the flowers begin to fall the bulbs can be gradually dried off and used the following season. Do not shade the plants too densely during the summer, or they will become soft, I have always used a slat trellis and have found it very satisfactory. New York. W. C. McCollom. English Rockeries HAVING had the pleasure of watching the dawn and growth and bloom of an English spring, I have become especially interested in the Alpine and other low-growing plants; those that are used so much and so delightfully in the English rock gardens. I have wondered whether, we in America, in our efforts after glowing masses and effects, are not losing sight of the deep, contented pleasure to be found in the dainty groups of this Alpine brotherhood. In a florist’s garden I saw them at their best; of course, being in England, he had for a background the centuries-old brick wall, crowned with ivy; and The Dahlia of to-day is of surpassing beauty as a single flower, exquisite for private gardens, charming in masses, and ideal for planting against shrubbery. Alexander’s Up=to=date Dahlias lead the World; because they are perfect in type and shape, beautiful in color and, most important of all — Free flowering. Our many customers are satisfied; they receive good stock; true to name, and best of all — Guaranteed to Grow. All Flower Lovers are invited to send to the Dahlia King for his Free Illustrated Catalogue, which contains helpful descriptions and valuable cultural hints on Dahlias, Gladi- olus, Roses, Cannas, Peonies, and Iris. J. K. ALEXANDER “The Dahlia King.” 27-29 Central Street, EAST BRIDGEWATER, MASS. he had made his rocky bed so well that the effect was just that of a rift of stone rising out of the ground. Little of the rock was to be seen, save for a tempting miniature path that wound with broken stone steps through the bed. Over the whole there was a riot of mauve and white and yellow and pink, each color waving on slenderest stem over its bed of mossy green. Every shade of aubretia (whose every-day name is rock- cress) was there — purple, mauve, lavender and white — and every cousin, I should think, of the saxifrage family, pink, white and crimson. There was our own familiar hen-and-chickens; low ferns and heart’s-ease and primroses. Every Dahlias Imported and home ’grown. The very best to be found at reasonable prices. All in field grown tubers, plants sent out unless wanted. No Southern grown bulbs are full of vitality. One clump had eighty- three blooms, not counting buds. Six hundred varieties. Send for Catalog. postal MRS. H. A. TATE Old Fort, N. C. Prize Medal Dahlias Hundreds of our catalogues were mailed to readers of The Garden Magazine last spring for the first time, accompanied by a sample bulb. We will be pleased to know if the bulb gave satisfac- tion and if you are still interested in the culture of Dahlias. We will be glad to forward you copy of our 1915 catalogue. We solicit your patronage, if you consider the quality of our stock worthy of same; and we are sure you will. 1915 CATALOGUE NOW READY FORBES & KEITH Importers and growers oj Prize Medal Dahlias 299 Chancery Street New Bedford, Mass. Gladiolus Bulbs THE BARGAIN OF YOUR LIFE. 12 Kunderdi Glory (Immense Cream, Ruffled); 12 Princeps (The Ama- ryllis Flowered); 12 America, (Lavender Pink); 12 Mrs. Francis King (Flame Color); 48 strong blooming bulbs, $1.00 postpaid. A beautiful little book for the asking. JOE COLEMAN, Grower, Lexington, Ohio. CHRYSANTHEMUM SPECIALISTS The fact that we are specialists and are the only firm in America devoting our entire energies to the culture of ’mums should convince you of the advisability of placing your orders with us. We have been introducing novelties since 1890 and all the best,' American products originated with us. During the past season we submitted 18 seedlings to the Chrysanthemum Societies’ committees and were awarded 16 first-class certificates. Write for our catalogue — it is ready for 1915 ELMER D. SMITH & CO. Adrian, Mich. Have you Gardening Questions ? Experts will answer them free. If a plant fails, tell us about it and ask help from Readers’ Service. HARDY CHRYSANTHEMUMS are the feature of the Garden in Autumn Their hues of yellow, light and dark bronze, terra cotta and maroon harmonize with autum- nal colorings. Classified list with full instructions for culture sent on application. We are Specialists Send your name for free subscription to our helpful and interesting “ Flower Guide." The Strafford Flower Farm Box 70 Strafford, Pa. February, 1915 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 51 Fottler Fiske Rawson Co. 12 and 13 Faneuil Hall Square BOSTON NOW is the best time for the selection of Seed for your 1915 Garden. OUR 5-IN-l CATALOGUE should be in your home For 1915 We combine 5 special catalogues in 1, mak- ing a grand Garden Book, its 208 pages full to the brim of Garden information. The Seeds to Plant The Tools to Plant them With The Fertilizers to Make them Grow The Insecticides to Keep the Bugs Off The Sprayers for Using Insecticides Dahlias ‘‘26 Pages,” 600 Varieties o the most choice selections known, including many new introductions. Gladiolus 100 Named Varieties Poultry Supplies Everything combined in this grand Gar- den Book, free to you for the asking BOSTON 12 and 13 Faneuil Hall Square Fottler Fiske Rawson Co. For That Garden of Yours Use Alphano Humus Solve Soil Enriching Question Decrease Work. Increase Results. THE fertility of all soils absolutely depends on the humus they contain. Restore the humus to an unproductive soil and its fertility returns. Without the bacterial action produced by humus, the soil plant foods remain locked up. It’s the humus in soil that holds the moisture, and fortifies it against dry weather. Alphano Humus is the remains of centuries of vegetable and animal life, and is rich in plant foods. It is an odorless, weed seedless soil builder, which we prepare in powdered form, ready for immediate use. It can easily and quickly be incorporated with the soil, giving to it a long enduring fertility. For gardens, lawns, shrubs and trees, it is ideal. Its cost is so moderate and its results so satisfactory, that you can afford to use it freely. Send for the Humus Book. It tells you about humus in general and Alphano Humus in particular. It contains valuable directions for its use. Tell us kind of soil and extent of ground you have, and we will advise you how best to treat it. $12 a ton in bags $8 by the carload in bulk F. O. B. Alphano, N. J. AlpKa.no Humu5 Co, 17 C Battery Place, New York Pulverized Sheep Manure Best for Lawns and Gardens Nature’s own plant food for all crops. Especially good for lawns, gardens, etc., where quick and cer- tain results are neces- sary. Used exten- sively for small fruits, shrubbery, etc. Rich in nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash; also adds humus. Our Sheep’s Head Brand is Guaranteed Clean Nothing But Sheep Manure Free from weed seeds, which are killed by heat. Dried and pulverized for easy application. Send for information and prices, de- livered, on any quantity desired. Natural Guano Co. 803 River St. Aurora, 111. Write For 5000 ED CC Bargain Catalog r II CL Lumber Mill work, Hardware. Painting vith Complete Working Plans, Speci- fications (“Quality” Plan No. 147) $452 Lumber, Millwork, Hardware with Complete Working Plans, Specifications No. 158 j, Painting $908 Lumber, Millwork, Hardware, Painting Complete Working Plans, Specifications No. 140 $683 Save 50% On Your New House Gordon-Van Tine direct-to-you wholesale prices right now are about 50 per cent under the market. Grand 5,000 Bargain Building Material Catalog just out shows everything — Lumber List shows $100 to $300 per car saved on highest quality lumber shipped anywhere. Catalog illustrates and describes all building material — Doors, Windows, Casings, Mouldings, Hardwood Floors, Storm Doors, Storm Sash, Roofing, Stair Work, Siding. Porch Work, Wall Board, Shingles, Paint, Builders’ Hardware, etc. No mid- dlemen’s profit. Quick Shipments, safe delivery', quality, quantity and Satisfaction Guaranteed — or money back. Guarantee backed by three banks. Proved true by 100,000 regular home customers, including 10,000 shrewd buying contractors and carpenters who get the same wholesale prices you can get. Freight is a trifle. For every' nickel of freight cost —WE SAVE YOU DOLLARS IN PRICE. We Ship Anywhere! See Our Guarantee! WRITE — Get our $10,000 Book of Plans FREE Shows 100 "Quality Houses,” Cottages, Bungalows, etc. — most complete, practical, artistic plans ever drawn for houses costing $600 to $6000. Saving you $200 to $1500 Estimates at guaranteed costs furnished FREE. Full set of Architects Blue Print Plans and Specifications free of cost for any house you select from our Plan Book. Enclose 10 cents to cover mailing and postage if you want the Plan Book. Grand catalog FREE. Investigate. Become a real judge of value. Write for all these splendid Gordon-Van Tine Books today — NOW and get 5000 money-saving offers in first quality Building Materials and Complete Home Plans. GORDON-VAN TINE CO., 5548 Case St., Davenport, la. {BUSINESS ORIGINALLY ESTABLISHED 1863—51 YEARS) 52 T II E G A R D E N M A G AZIN E F F. B R O .V R V , 19 15 Helen’s Favorite Flowers Yielding a Mass of Blooms FREE To get our beautiful Spring catalogue to as many lovers of flowers as possible, we will mail you one packet each of Rainbow Mixed Sweet Peas, Shirley Poppy and Giant Mixed Cosmos; Tomato, Bonfire; Lettuce, All-heart, and our catalogue included, if you will send us your name and address and TEN cents in stamps or coin to cover mailing. The catalogue contains all the Flower and Vegetable novelties for 1915, and much relia- ble information explaining in detail how to plant. One million packets will be distributed this year. May we add your name to our list. WM. ELLIOTT & SONS Est. 1845 45 Vesey St., New York now and again there were taller plants — dielytra, or love-lies-bleeding, bluebells in white and pink and blue, and suggestive waving clusters here and there of columbine. Just enough to break a possible monotony of low-lying plants. The soil that the Alpine plants thrive in must be full of lime; bits of mortar and brickbats, broken to a dust, should be mixed with a soil that is not too rich; and if these plants, which like the cold so much, are to live through summer heat, they must be watered very freely. If this is true of an English summer, I should think the inference would be, that, to survive our July*, and Augusts, they must be planted in shady corners, and I am sure that they should be protected in winter from alternate freez- ing and thawing. They grow very quickly, even in two years spreading into quite sizeable, delight- ful, cushion-shaped plants. England. Eleanor L. Wolcott. [Editors’ Note: From many sources we scent a budding interest in the possibilities of alpines in America. What can our readers tell about actual trials? We should also be glad to hear of any rock gardens and to receive photographs. Let’s all get together for the alpine!] The Opalescent Apple EXPERIENCE has made us wary of the siren call of some florid announcements and conser- vative in our acceptance of “new” varieties. Be- fore we recognize a new government or a new berry we wish to be assured of its stability. I venture to select the Opalescent apple for special mention because it bears the stamp of approval of at least two discriminating pomologists — Prof. C. P. Close of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, and Prof. U. P. Hedrick of the New York State Experiment Station at Geneva. “It is a splendid variety,” says Professor Hedrick, “and one of the most attractive apples grown.” With the single exception of Delicious it is un- doubtedly the best • nple that has been introduced within the past ten or fifteen years, though it has not enjoyed the wide-spread advertising that has made Delicious famous. About the year 1899 a nurseryman of Xenia, Ohio, found a number of apple seedlings growing in an old orchard. One of these he saved and planted in a vacancy in a near by row with the idea of top-grafting it when large enough. The fruit borne by this tree a few years later attracted atten- tion as being superior to anything else growing in the orchard, and the tree was saved. From this beginning the Opalescent apple was developed. Opalescent is a late fall or early winter variety, its natural season lasting from November to Jan- uary. It is a large apple, round and shapely, with a glossy skin, deep red on a yellow ground. Its unusually handsome appearance, as well as its excel- lent quality, classes it as a dessert apple of the sort with which Eastern growers may hope to compete on equal terms with the showy fruit of the far West. Its flesh is yellowish, firm, crisp, tender, and juicy, mildly sub-acid, and of a delightful flavor. Long Island. Walter A. Dyer. Making Celery a Pure Food AS MOST gardeners know, it is almost im- possible to raise celery — at least for market — without spraying it occasionally with bordeaux mixture. Neglect this precaution and there result both crop and expectations blighted. On the other hand, careless spraying and, espe- cially, the use of dry bordeaux, are almost sure to result in an accumulation of copper salts at the base of the stalks. And, thanks to Doctor Wiley and his followers, we know that copper is neither nut- ritious nor wholesome. To steer between this Scylla and Charybdis requires the combined efforts of grower and con- sumer. Let the former use a thoroughly efficient, powerful spray outfit — one that produces a mist rather than a spray; and let him simply cover each plant with drops, moving on before they run together and down in between the stalks. The housekeeper’s duty is to see that the stalks are washed, thoroughly and entirely. New York. E. L. D. S. Do You Have to be Shown ? I 'm told that I have the best quality of seed, give the largest packages and have the most common- sense Seed Book in the bunch. And I’ in willing to admit it. Do you have to be shown ? All right. I live close to the Mis- souri line and I’ll “show'* you. I'll send you the Seed Book and a big package oj garden seed, and you can judge for yourself. NO CHARGE FOR EITHER, and you need not even send the postage unless you wish. I also have guaranteed Clover and Alfalfa, and all kinds of farm seed at Farmer's Prices. Shall I send you free samples of these also ? HENRY FIELD . Pre». HENRY FIELD SEED CO. Box 101, Shenandoah, Iowa “Strawberry Plants That Grow” All the best June and Fall-bearing varieties also best Rasp- berry. Blackberry. Currant, and Grape Plants; Asparagus and Rhubarb Roots in assortment. Our 1915 Catalog tells how you can get plants of our Wonderful New Seedling Strawberry, ‘‘Collins/* absolutely Free; Write for it. C. E. WHITTEN’S NURSERIES Box (10) Bridgman, Mich* Largest general nursery in America. Estab- lished for sixty-one years. Choicest seeds, bulbs, plants, shrubs and trees. Sixty acres of home grown roses. Safe arrival and satis- faction guaranteed. Free catalog. The Storrs & Harrison Co. Nurserymen, Florists and Seedsmen Box424, Palnesvllle, Ohio (97) Once Grown Always Grown Maule’s Seeds Endorsed by more than 450,000 pro- gressive gardeners as the best ever Our new Seed Catalogue contains everything good in seeds, bulbs, small fruits and plants. 750 illustrations; 176 pages. Free to any one sending us a request for it. Send for it today. WM. HENRY MAULE.Inc. 2115 Arch Street Philadelphia, Pa. Send jo cents, mention this paper, we will enclose in the catalogue a packet of the above GIANT pansy. Write for folder awn i?rfect?o re ENGLISH lawns are world- famous, owing to the va- rieties of seed used. We import the best of each season’s crop. Despite the limited imports, we offer our choice English mixtures suitable for our climate at usual prices. These mixtures have never been surpassed. Trial pound, 40 cents, prepaid; 5-pound bag, $1.25, f. o. b. Waukegan. BLATCHFORD CALF MEAL FACTORY Established at Leicester, England, in 1800 Department 3 Waukegan Illinois Fruit Trees, Plants, Flowering Shrubs Direct from Nursery at Wholesale Prices. Apple, Peach, Pear. Plum, Quince, Cherry, Berries. Roses, Shrubs, Perennial Plants, Shade Trees. Best varieties, highest quality, healthy, hardy, guar- anteed stock. Send list for special prices Freight Paid. Secure varieties now, pay in spring. Illustrated Catalogue Free. DENTON. WILLIAMS & DENTON, Wholesale Nurseries, 86 Elm St., Dansville, N. Y. Famous Tomatoes are favorably known. Many of the best sorts were introduced by us. We grow more high- grade tomato seed than any other seedsman in the world. TWO BEST VARIETIES Livingston’s Globe, finest pink, forslicingand shipping, pkt. 5c. Livingston’s Stone, finest bright red. for canning and catsup, pkt. 5c. Both immense yielders. Try them. Livingston’s Home-Grown Onions We grow acres of Onion seeds on our farms annually. Livingston’s C Southport White Globe 5c ) the 3 pkts. Private < Southport Red Globe . 6c > for Strains ( Ohio Yellow Globe . . 6c ) 10 cents Write for special prices on larger quantities. New 128-Page Catalog FREE Fully describes the best varieties of vegetables and flowers. Gives 300 true-to-nature illustrations and quotes honest prices for quality seeds. Tells when to plant and how to grow big crops. Be sure to write for your FREE copy To-Day. The Livingston Seed Co. 346 High St., Columbus, Ohio The Readers' Service will give information about the latest automobile accessories February, 1915 THE CARD E N MAGAZINE 53 Vigor and Vitality in These Evergreens QPL.ENDID specimen Spruces, Junipers, Ar- ° borvitaes and other evergreens, in sizes large enough to hide the foundation walls or make effective screens — such are the trees that come from Harrisons’ Nurseries. Our 1915 Catalogue of Evergreens, Shade and Fruit Trees is free to all who write for it. Will you send a postal today ? Harrisons’ Nurseries Box 533 Berlin Maryland ^ OSES NEW CASTLE are given preference by professional and ama- teur planters everywhere because of their vigor, sturdiness and free-blooming qualities. Grown in the most fertile soil in the _ country adapted to rose culture. Roses of New Castle cannot be equaled for color, form, vigor and growth, for they’re always grown on their own roots. Our 1915 book, “Roses of New Castle” \ is now ready. It is the accepted authority on rose culture the country over. It describes our immense stock of Roses, Hardy Perennials, Shrubs, Plants and Bulbs. Magnificently printed in colors, this beautiful book will be an invaluable guide to anyone. We absolutely guarantee safe arrival of any of our stock, no matter where you live. Send for your copy of this book today— it’s free. HELLER BROS. CO., Rose Specialists Box 221, New Castle, Ind. SPECIMEN TREES We are offering for spring planting a limited quantity of beautiful, large specimens twenty- five feet high with clean, straight trunks and uniform heads, every tree of COTTAGE GARDENS QUALITY. The selection comprises Maples, Oaks, Elms, Lindens, Planes and several varieties of Evergreens. We have just published a leaflet giving full particulars. If you are interested, write us and a copy will be sent you by return mail.