Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016 https://archive.org/details/gardenmagazine21unse THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Devoted to Planting and Managing the Grounds About the Home and to the Cultivation of Fruits, Vegetables and Flowers Volume XXI February, 1915, to July, 1915 GARDEN CITY NEW YORK DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY 1915 I * \ ^ ,A Send letter stating your spraying needs and p p H we will mail a copy of our valuable book on * i “CROP DISEASES” free and without obli- gating you in the least. HEARD SPRAMOTOR CO. 330 Erie Street Buffalo, N. Y. Start Seeds in Hotbeds in the South FOR a family of six or eight a hotbed measuring 6 x 6 ft. is amply large, and will require two sashes of regulation size 3x6 ft. Now is the time to make it. Dig a square hole six feet by six feet, and two feet deep and throw the dirt on the north or back side of hole. Of good stout lumber one inch thick and one foot wide cut fourteen pieces six feet in length. Saw one of these pieces in naif with a long sloping cut from the upper left hand corner to the lower right hand corner. Have two posts four feet long and two three feet long and three inches in diameter and sharpened at one end. Make a bottomless box of these planks three planks deep and fit it in the square hole. Put a fourth plank on the back or north side of hotbed, drive the posts close in the corners, the tall ones at the back and the short ones in the front. Nail the two half planks on the sides of the hotbed the wide end at the back. This makes a sloping top toward the south and when the two sashes are put on it catches more sunlight. Bank the dirt close to back and sides and pack down tight. Fill the hotbed with fresh manure and pack down tight. Put over this four inches of good garden loam finely pulverized; put the sashes on close and leave this for a week. Have a thermometer stuck partly in the soil inside the frame. The mercury will rise for the first few days. Wait until it drops to 70 degrees and then the seeds can be sown, but before doing so, rake over the soil carefully to destroy any weeds that may have come up. Half of the frame can be used for flower seeds and the other half for vegetable seed. Sow a package each of Spark’s Earliana and the New Stone tomato. The former is very early and the latter is good for main crop and later. Sow one package of Black Beauty eggplant, also one package each of Chinese Giant sweet pepper and either the long Red Cayenne or the Red Cherry hot pepper. Both are useful for pickles and catsups Sow the seed in rows three inches apart, with just enough soil to cover them, and press down smooth and firm with a small plank. Flowers that should get an early start by sowing in hotbeds now are the single dahlias, snapdragon, giant heliotrope, chrysanthemum, salvia, delphin- ium, gaillardia, nasturtium, pentstemon, platycodon, pyrethrum, stock, wallflower. After sowing the seed water with a very fine spray; and always water in the morning. If too damp or close the plants will be tall and weak and very likely “damp off.” Make stocky plants by lifting the sashes a little every day. When the plants have a few leaves prick out and transplant four inches apart in a coldframe which has been filled with a good mellow soil. Transplant some of the seedlings into 3-inch pots and sink the pots into the soft soil of a coldframe up to the rim of the pot. Transplant into larger pots later. Sow a few canteloupe, cucumber, and squash seed in 5-inch pots and sink them in the hotbed. The bottom heat will force them and they will be ready to plant out in the open at the same time the seeds are usually planted. The fall numbers of The Garden Magazine advise making a compost heap to be used on the garden later. It should now be spread liberally on the land. Lime should be spread broadcast now and as soon as possible, if it was not done in the fall, at least ten days before any manure is spread. Thoroughly plow in the lime and plow again when the manure is spread, this time crosswise. Strawberries and potatoes. I have found, grow better in slightly sour land, so leave off the lime where they are to be planted. If the ground is not too wet and the weather permits, sow English peas every two weeks and make successive plantings until June. The latter part of the month beets and radishes can be sown together in rows. The radishes will come off before the beets need the ground. In the Tidewater Section plant early Irish pota- toes. The Irish Cobbler is a good variety. Cut the sets in chunky pieces with one or two eyes and as a safeguard against scab soak them in a solution of formalin in the proportion of a pint to fifteen gallons of water two hours before planting. Be careful with this as it is poisonous. The Readers' Service will give information about the latest automobile accessories February, 1915 T II E G A R 1) E N M A G A Z I N E .) Don’t take chances on having your handsome flowers destroyed. They will have an attractive setting and lose none of their beauty by being enclosed with Bed Guards. Appropriate for use wherever flowers are grown and for bed or lawn of any size or shape. They need no painting— their silver color harmonizes with the flowers. Heavy galvanizing makes them last for years. Other Excelsior Rust Proof products are Trellises , Trellis Arches , Tree Guards . Write direct for Catalog B. WRIGHT WIRE COMPANY. Worcester. Mass. The Morrill A Morley Way The ECLIPSE Spray Pump has been in service *20 years. Durable, efficient, economical. The U.i Department of Agriculture uses it, and you can make it profitable in your orchard, vineyard, or potato held. Catalog sent free on request. Morrill & Morley Mfg. (' Box 14, Benton II arbor, Mich Eclipse Spray Pum Many styles shown aiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiifTM in new catalog. DHiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiucii Write today jiiiiiiiMliiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiinifl Direct From Factory — We Pay Freight _ Brown Lawn Fence and Gate cost less than wood, last 1 longer and are more ornamental. Don’t buy any until you first see our complete line and dollar-saving prices. THE BROWN FENCE & WIRE CO. Department 05 CLEVELAND. OHIO . Two Fine Garden Tools This fine trowel is almost everlasting. It is 1/16 of an inch thick — made from crucible steel of highest grade. Steel rivet holds maple handle so it can't work loose. Blade, neck and socket all one piece. Will last a lifetime. Km mm Carden Tools are all first quality. This Keen Kutter nursery spade has double straps full length of handle. No better at any price. Fine for trans- planting shrubs, bushes, small trees. Ask your dealer to show you. Send for our Garden Tool Booklet No. 1-1646 If not at your dealer’s, write us. Garden Trowels K05 with Straight Neck Price $0.75 K04 with Bent Neck Price $0.76 SIMMONS HARDWARE CO. St. Louis, U. S. A. Your Garden Won’t Grow Without Water A Few Dollars Spent Now on Skinner System Sprinkling Lines Will Bring Rain Whenever You Want It A GENTLE rain at any time, by simply turning on a valve, can be had at a small cost. No more holding a hose — no more disappoint- ments of drought-ruined gardens. Under the gentle, natural rain from Skinner Sys- tem sprinkling lines, seeds germinate quickly, plants grow steadily — for weather conditions are perfect. The same results that have made the Skinner System of Irrigation commercially famous, can be brought to your small garden. Lines can be bought by the foot. They cost little more than hose and can be installed without tools. Quick-acting couplings make them portable. A fifty-foot line, covering a space fifty by sixty feet, complete except for stakes to set it on, costs $1 1.75. A one hundred foot line costs $23.00. Odd lengths are twenty-five cents a foot. If these lines don’t fit, send us a sketch of the garden plan. A small investment now, cures your dry weather troubles once for all. Send for Booklet 614. It’s worth reading. MORE FRUIT ££ ^*15. "d ** San Jose Scale. Aphis, White Fly, etc., by spraying with GOOD'S SmS FISH OIL SOAP N?3 1 Kills all tree pests without injury to trees. Fertilizes the soil and aids healthy growth. Cnrr Our valuable book on Tree and l I\LL Plant Diseases. Write today. JAMES GOOD, Original Maker, 931 N. Front Street, Philadelphia Cheap as Wood SdF.a^^.usSl direct, shipping to users only at manufacturers’ prices. IVrite /or free catalog’ UP-TO-DATE MFG. CO., 994 10th St., Terre Haute, Ind. gnn A Made easier, quicker iDa IVr\I better, cheaper Three Sherwin-Williams Insecticides and Fungicides are now put up in dry powdered form. They are lighter and more con- venient to handle. They will not freeze, dry out or spoil, and their improved chemical make-up gives a more effective spray. S-W Dry Powdered Arsenate of Lead Dry powdered form gives maximum killing power at minimum expense. S-W Dry Powdered Tuber Tonic A three-in-one potato spray that kills leaf-eat- ing insects, prevents blight and acts as tonic to the plant. S-W Dry Powdered Fungi Bordo An extremely effective scientific fungicide of exact chemical make-up, eliminating all un- certainties of home-made or commercial Bor- deaux Mixtures. Our Lime Sulphur Solution is par- ticularly effective for San Jose Scale Send for our Spraying Literature The Sherwin-Williams Co. Insecticide and Fungicide Makers 667 Canal Road, Cleveland, O. (> T II E G A R D E N M A G A Z I N E No. 25 Planet Jr Combined Hill and Drill Seeder, Double Wheel Hoe, Cultivator and Plow A splendid combination for the family garden, onion grower, or large gardener. Is a perfect seeder, and combined double and single wheel- hoe. Unbreakable steel frame. Capacity — 2 acres a day. Planet Jrs. are the most econom- ical farm and garden tools you can buy. Designed by a practical farmer and manufacturer with over 40 years’ ex- perience. They are made the best, last the longest, and give the biggest results. Fully guaranteed. $ L Allen & Co Box 1108S Philadelphia Pa No. 1 6 Planet Jr. Single Wheel Hoe. Cultivator, Rake and Plow The highest type of Single Wheel Hoe made. Light but strong, and can be used by man, woman, or boy. Will do all the cultivation in your garden in the easiest, quickest and best way. Indestructible steel frame. Planet Jr 12-tooth Harrow, Cultivator and Pulverizer Stonger, steadier in action, and cultivates more thoroughly than any other harrow made. Non- clogging steel wheel. Invaluable to the market- gardener, trucker, tobacco or small fruit grower. New 72-page Catalog, free Contains 168 illustrations and describes over 55 tools for every farm and garden need, including Seeders, Wheel Hoes, Horse Hoes, Harrows, Orchard- and Beet-Cultivators. Write postal for it now ! Plant potatoes in rows three feet apart and sixteen inches in the row and four inches deep. Potatoes need potash but if the land is plowed deep and pre- pared thoroughly it is not necessary to add any to the fertilizers as the soil of the Southern Middle States has a fairly good amount of this important fertilizer, which can be made available by early and deep plowings. Plant potatoes on land that has been in clover the year previous. In preparing the land for every acre incorporate in the soil the following: 300 pounds of nitrate of soda, 600 pounds of fish scrap, 800 pounds of acid phosphate. For lands that have no potash 300 pounds of muriate of potash should be added. New asparagus beds can be made the first part of month. Make trenches two feet deep and two feet wide. Fill in six inches with well rotted manure and over this put four inches of good garden soil. Place one-year old asparagus roots crosswise in the trench, and fifteen to eighteen inches apart. Fill in gradually with soil. Have the rows five feet apart. Asparagus roots are planted deep because they have a tendency to work up and each year get nearer the surface of the ground. Don’t cut until the third year. An old asparagus bed should be thoroughly worked now between the rows and a good fertilizer mixed with the soil and the earth mounded up over the rows, thus making it easy to cut the shoots with the asparagus knife as soon as they appear above the ground. The cutting season begins the first of April and should cease the first of June. Throw coarse salt over the beds once in a while. It keeps down the weeds and otherwise helps the asparagus. Some gardeners use kainit with hen manure on asparagus; in that event salt is not necessary. This has proven very beneficial. Examine old trees and shrubs thoroughly and spray for scale now. Do the pruning heretofore neglected. Grape vines should be pruned and trained. Work in between the rows a good fertilizer containing phosphates and some potash. Be chary of too much nitrogen. The manure spread in the fall or the clover sowed between the rows will furnish all the nitrogen necessary. Strawberries can be set out if the ground is not too wet, and the old strawberry bed should be worked as soon as possible and a liberal dressing of fertilizer applied between the rows. Use 250 pounds of acid phosphate, 250 pounds of muriate of potash and 100 pounds of nitrate of soda to the acre. Plant the latter part of the month stone fruits such as peaches, apricots, plums, and cherries; also ornamental trees of a pithy fibre, like the tulip poplar. Virginia. J. M. Patterson. Buying and Keeping Tools IN THE buying of tools and implements, a great many people are governed wholly by price. Some buy whatever they can get the cheapest; others on the basis that the higher priced a thing is, par- ticularly if it is imported, the better it must be. Of the two, perhaps the latter method is the best; but there is a happy medium. The name on a tool, that stands for the reputation that is back of it, is a pretty safe guide. It never pays to buy a cheap thing merely because it is low-priced. The ma- jority of tools used on the small place, if they are of good quality to begin with, will last for a lifetime if they are properly taken care of, and the cost of a tool is measured not so much by what you pay for it as by the length of time it will give you service. The number of years of service you will get out of an implement, however, does not depend wholly upon its original quality. Equally important is the care you give it. There should, above all, be one central place in which to keep tools. Usually one sees them hanging up on nails, some on the back porch, some in the wood-shed, and others in the garage, barn, henhouse, or greenhouse, if there is one. As far as keeping them is concerned, the small tools and implements should be divided into three groups and a place furnished for all. Small tools and carpenter’s tools — such as the hammer, chisel, square, hatchet — and supplies — such as nails, screws, rivets, etc. — should be kept in a covered box or chest, with a lock and key if it is accessible to children or promiscuous borrowers. Other things are kept most readily by having a fiat wall February, 1 i» 1 .5 Two Baskets of Apples! Both grown in the same orchard, on two trees that had the same natural advantages. But sprayed the tree that yielded the apples above, and the apples below came from the tree that wasn’t sprayed. In the “Deming Experiment Orchard,” we take our own medicine. We study spraying right among the trees to find out what is needed in the way of sprayers, nozzles, solutions, etc., etc. We prefer to do the experimenting for our customers rather than let them do the experi- menting for us. This is but ONE of the reasons why practical fruit growers, farmers and gardeners prefer For over a score of years they have been termed "The World’s Best.” The ease with which every important working part is accessible, makes them great favorites. Their practical con- struction makes their use a pleasure and an economy. Try either of these two leaders: The Deming “Aerospra” as shown herewith, is a compressed-air sprayer which is proving of ever-increasing popu- larity with thousands of home gardeners. Its compact size and practical shape render work with it a pleasure. Easily operated with one hand, while the free hand can turn leaves and branches of plants or shrubs. It throws a fine, but forceful spray, does quick work thoroughly and is built to last for years. “ Perfect Success ’ Bucket Sprayer Indispensable for garden, greenhouse or small orchard. A great favorite since it is easily attached to any bucket. Does good work quickly and is built for hard wear. Read all about it on page 6 of our catalog. “Deming” Nozzles and “Deco” Hose Lead under all conditions in all sections of the country. Besides the famous Deming Trio — Bordeaux, Simplex and Vermorel Nozzles — there are six other styles for different purposes. Everything we sell is fully tested and guaranteed to do thorough work. Valuable Spraying Guide FREE To help you spray effectively, we publish a most complete spraying guide. It tells when and how to spray in garden, orchard and field. Catalog describes over twenty styles of Deming Spray Pumps. Ask for your copy and name of nearest Deming Dealer to-day. THE DEMING CO. 136 Depot Street Salem, Ohio “Hand and Power Pumps for all Purposes’* The Readers ’ Service will gladly furnish information about Retail Shops February, 1915 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE am me WHEEL HOES and SEED DRILLS mean a big variety of fine vegetables, with drudgery— stooping, hoeing and hand-weeding — cutout. In one operation the tool shown below will open its own fur- row, sow in continuous rows or drop in hills, cover the seed with loose soil, pack it wilh roller, and mark the next row. A boy or woman can do it. A three minutes’ change and you have a wheel hoe cul- tivator that can't be beaten. High steel pipe frame can work 20 inch plants astride. , ; combinations at $2.50 to $12.00. Straight planting; clean, close, safe cultivation. Ask your dealer or nearest seedsman to show hem. Write us today for free booklet ‘ Farm, Home and Market Gardening with Modern Tools.” BATEMAN M’F’G CO Box 3512 We have issued a tt Very Interesting Catalogue on AND GARDEN ACCESSORIES Pergola Album H28” illustrates Pergolas, Garages, Lattice Fences. Veranda Treatments and Garden Accessories; will be sent for 10c. in stamps. Catalogue H40” containing very useful information about Exter- ior and Interior Columns, will be sent to those who want it for 10c. in stamps. HARTMANN-SANDERS CO. Exclusive Manufacturers of Koll’s Patent Lock Joint Stave Column Suitable for Pergolas, Porches, or Interior Use Main Office and Factory: ELSTON and WEBSTER AVES. CHICAGO, ILLINOIS Eastern Office: 6 E. 39th St., New York City STANDARD Pergolas AT LAST — A Complete Modern Irrigation Plant at a Price Within the Reach of All EVERYWHERE Well Drilling Machines Have a Business of your own and clear $15 to $20 or more a day with our well drilling machines. Many men earn big incomes with some one of our 59 styles and sizes. Use any power, Made for drilling earth, rook and for mineral prospecting. Specially adapted to boring wells for irrigation. Standard for 46 years, all over the world. Large catnloguc No. 120 FREE. THE AMERICAN WELL WORKS Genera l Office and Works: AURORA, ILL. Chicago Office: First National Bank Bldg. Engine and pump mounted on skids with fittings complete, and our New Turbo-Irrigator that will thoroughly irrigate a circle So to ioo ft. in diameter on a movable stand pipe with loo ft. i inch best quality hose, all com- plete f. o. b. Jacksonville, for $225.00. Wherever water supply can be obtained this outfit can be set up ready for operation in ? few minutes’ time, and will thoroughly irrigate 60,000 square ft. from one point, or by adding a small quantity of inexpensive piping can be used to irrigate a much larger area. Orders accepted now for shipment March 1st. Send us yours now. J. P. CAMPBELL Jacksonville, Florida References: Bradstreet' s, Dun's or any bank in Jacksonville RHODES DOUBLE CUT PRUNING SHEAR RHODES MFG. CO Cuts from both sides of limb and does not bruise the bark. We pay express charges on all orders. Write for cir- cular and prices. 527 S. Division Ave., Grand Rapids. Mich. The Model Support For Tomatoes, Chrysanthemums Dahlias and Carnations Over 3,000,000 in Use Write for catalogue on Lawn and Flower Bed Guards, Tree Guards, Trellis and other garden specialties ‘ ‘For sale by all the leading seed houses” 1GOE BROTHERS 67-71 Metropolitan Ave., Brooklyn, N.Y. Neu) Joseph Conrad Stories A SET of six Containing five short stories never before published in America and “ The Duel,” formerly published as “ The Point of Honor ” The publication of this volume for the first time in the American Edition of Conrad’s works is in response to an interest that is rapidly making the name and work of Joseph Conrad known everywhere. It marks the full turn of the tide in favor of this wonderful Polish-English writer. The stories included are: GASPAR RUIZ- — A Romantic Tale THE INFORMER— An Ironic Tale THE BRUTE— An Indignant Tale AN ANARCHIST — A Desperate Tale THE DUEL— A Military Tale IL CONDE — A Pathetic Tale The Five of these are practically unknown to American readers. Of “ The Duel” (formerly Point of Honor ”), Mr. Curie, in his critical work on Joseph Conrad, writes: “ It is a work of wide imaginative impulse — a wonderful reconstruction of the Napoleonic atmosphere. As a sustained effort in Conrad’s sardonic later style it is unmatched.” Now Ready in the “ Deep Sea” Limp Leather Edition of Conrad. Net, $1.50 ; in cloth, net, $1.35 Published by DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY Garden City, N. Y. The Readers’ Service gives information about insurance 8 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE £ E B R CJ A R Y , 1915 v \ S^^vBlRb FOUNTAIN Ornamental Fountains For Country Places GARDEN ORNAMENTS ONSULT our catalogues for everything in ornamental iron and bronze, including Display and Drinking- Fountains, Entrance Gates, Lamp-Posts, Railings, Vases, Statuary, Weather-Vanes and Stable Fittings, Sundials, Bird Fountains. Special Designs submitted on request Address Ornamental Dept. K Wl- l"*- C&te J. L.MOTT IRON WORKS Fifth Avenue and t(\ Street NcwYorft Citv AUOWAY PoTfERY IS THE SETTING EXQUISITE THAT ENHANCES THE BEAUTY OF FLOWERS Send for our illustrated' — 'catalogue of Flower Pots. Boxes ,Va s e s . Be nche s . Sundials. GazingGlobes, Bird Fonts and other Artistic Pieces for Garden and Interior Decoration. poway Terra CoTta Co. 3214 WALNUT ST. PHILADELPHIA. PA. SPRAT. f Rigs of I All Sizes For All Uses Junior Leader Orchard Sprayer with 2 H. P. engine, 3-plunger pump. High pressure. Automatic agitation of liquid, suction strainer is brush cleaned. We aiso make Bucket, Barrel. Mounted Potato Spray- ers, etc. A Sprayer Every Need Free catalog. Spraying formulas Junior Leader Sprayer and spraying directions. Address Field Force Pump Co., Dept. H, Elmira, N. Y. Plan Garden Decorations Now This is the time to plan the decorations for your garden. Select some attractive arbors, summer houses or pergolas and include them in your garden plan. Our free portfolio of garden plates will help you. It shows 160 de- signs and plans for Lattices, Trellises, Decorative Fences, Garden Furniture, Pergolas, Summer Houses and all other Garden Decorations. Our designers are ready to prepare special designs and assist you in the planning of your garden. Their services are free of charge. Send for the portfolio today. THE MATHEWS MANUFACTURING CO. 9th Floor Williamson Building Cleveland, Ohio Perpetual Carnations A new, beautifully illustrated, yet inexpensive book by an expert grower, giving full and practical instructions for cultivating Perpet- ual Carnations. Cloth-bound, 75 cents net; by mail 8 / cents. FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY, Dept.311, 354-60 Fourth Ave., NewYork SUNDIALS Real Bronze Colonial Designs iFrom $5.00 Up Also full line of Bird Fountains and other garden requisites. Manufactured by The M D. JONES CO. 71 Portland St. Boston, Mass. Send for illustrated Price-List. -MEAHTlfiiF-CYCLQNE ORNAMENTAL FENCE THE man who takes pride in the appearance of his home will find lasting satisfaction in surrounding it with Cyclone- Waukegan Sanitary Fence. Substantial improvement in sanitary conditions follows wherever Cyclone-W aukegan Fence is put up, because it tends to turn mud holesinto flowerbeds and discourages accumulations of rubbish. It affords an unobstructed view of the premises, a clear sweep jjgHf i^jl for sunshine and fresh air at the fence line — no moisture, . r no decay. Reduces the fire risk. rcr We build Cyclone- Waukegan Fence in various designs to suit yout taste,, with gates to match. It costs little, and constitutesa permanent repair-proof improvement, being builtof heavy galvanized wire, firmly knotted. eering department will solve your fence problem. No consultation service and estimates. e us for F ree Illustrated Catalog, showing’different designs. IE FENCE CO., Dept. 104, Waukegan, I1L against which they can be hung up on nails such are short “D-handled” digging tools, attachments for the wheelhoe, weeders, scythe, pruning shears, and most of the small garden tools. Some rainy day get a few bits of 2 x i-in wood or “furring pieces” and nail these to the wall above the tool box, horizontally; putting them 12 to 18 inches apart. Then take some large wire nails or 4-inch spikes and make a place to hang each pair of wheelhoe or cultivator attachments and the various other things. These supports will hold them just about far enough from the wall so that they will stay hung up much more securely; under each attachment, mark its name with a heavy black pencil; or you can paste a picture of it cut out from an implement catalogue. If you do this, it will be easy to know exactly what is missing at any time, and just where each thing belongs. In the third group go the long handled tools, such as hoes, potato hooks, rakes, long handled shovels, and things of that kinci which cannot be hung up. The simplest way of keeping these is to make a rack for them either overhead or against the wall. In the former case, two stout, short pieces of board nailed to rafters a few feet apart, with another piece nailed across at the bottoms of these, and a second similar rack a few feet away from it, may quickly be put up. Any tool wanted may be quickly drawn out without disturbing the others, and they are thus kept together and are at all times out of the way. An iron hoop, severed with a cold chisel and bent to a [ — ] shape may take the place of the wooden rack. If the racks are made against the wall, the lower should be made con- siderably smaller than the upper one. as the handles take, of course, much less room than the heads of the tools. Of the tools needed on the small place for making ordinary repairs, and any small jobs of construc- tion, the most essential are a good hammer, two saws (a rip and a cutting-off saw, or a set of saws having several blades with one interchangeable handle), a screw driver, a steel-square, a medium width chisel, stock and bits, a combination plyers, and nippers cold chisel, monkey wrench, and an oil can. If you have pipes for running water a Stilson- wrench and a soldering outfit, in addition to these things, will certainly pay for themselves if you live out of town. If you already have most of these things and feel like adding to your outfit little by little, add a hack-saw, key-hole saw, an expansive bit, a wrecking-bar, and a glass cutter. The latter item, of course, if you have a small greenhouse or sashes, will be one of the very first things you will need. One of the most useful tools I have ever bought is a combination vise and drill and small anvil; it is used almost more than any other tool on the place. It cost about three dollars. Of the small tools used about the lawn and grounds the most indispensable is the trowel. Ten-cent trowels are to be had but they are not worth the money when you can buy a real one for fifty cents. The blade and ferrule should be one solid piece, extending well up the handle. A lawn mower is, of course, also indispensable; be sure to select a good make first and let the width be a secondary consideration. You will find before the season is over that it is harder work to cut with a poor 20-inch machine than it is to cut with a good 14-inch one. Pruning shears and a good sickle must also be on hand; grass shears will also come in conveniently. For your gardening operations, hardly any of the foUowing can well be done without, even in the small garden: A spade and a shovel, a broad tined spading fork, and a bow rake, all to be used in the preparation of the soil; for cultivation, a wheelhoe, medium sized ordinary hoe, a light or onion hoe and a scuffiehoe for use late in the season. The Warren, or heart-shaped, hoe is very handy for making drills, covering, working in narrow spaces, digging out old stalks or roots, etc. A sprayer of some kind you certainly should have; I prefer the compressed air to the other type of small hpnd sprayers. For use on a very small scale, a syringe sprayer will answer the purpose, but it will not do as quick nor as good work as the more substantial sort. A bellows or gun for dusting will also be found useful. A good grindstone or tool grinder is necessary to keep your tools in good working shape; this means better and easier work. Connecticut. F. F. Rockwell. February, 1915 T H E GARDE N INI A G A Z I N E 9 Poultry, Kennel and Live Stock Directory Address INFORMATION DEPARTMENT, The Garden Magazine, 11-13 W. 32d Street, New York. Bob White Quail Partridges and Pheasants Capercailzies, Black Game, Wild Turkeys, Quails, Rabbits, Deer, etc., for stocking purposes. Fancy Pheasants, Peafowl. Swans, Cranes, Storks, Ornamental Geese and Ducks, Foxes, Squirrels, Ferrets, etc., and all kinds of birds and animals. WILLIAM J. MACKENSEN, Naturalist Dept. 55, Pheasantry and Game Park YARDLEY, PA. ABSOHB1NE ** TRADEMARK EE6.US MtT. Of F. Removes Bursal Enlargements, Thickened Swollen Tissues, Curbs, Filled Tendons, Soreness from any Bruise or Strain; Stops Spavin Lameness. Allays pain. Does not Blister, remove the hair or lay up the horse. $2.00 a bottle at dealers or delivered. Book 1 K Free W. F. YOUNG, P. D. F., 152 Temple St., Springfield, Mass. have a man in our office who has a very interesting job. He receives letters from all over the world — and replies to every one of them, not with a mere printed form; but with a personal letter carefully thought out. Some days he travels pretty much all over New York City looking for the right answer to a single letter. This man conducts our Readers’ Service Department. If you come across anything in any of our magazines, or anywhere else for that matter, about which you want more information just write him a letter. He’ll answer it — that’s his job. Address — READERS’ SERVICE DEPARTMENT Doubleday, Page & Company Garden City New York The Truth About Poultry Get the Facts by Reading I he One- Man Poultry Plant Successful Methods of Men on Farms or Small Acreage. Complete in twelve parts; printed in one volume. By DR. N. W. SANBORN REAL work, with real poultry, on a real New England Farm. This is a simple story of what has been done by a man at forty-five years of age, town-bred and city-educated getting out of practice of medicine, buying a small farm in the hill country, and making a success of the ven- ture. Not only is the rearing of chicks and the management of adult fowl completely covered, but the interesting side issues of fruit growing, grain- raising and the production of milk, that cannot be escaped on a real farm. You get rugged facts — rarely found in print. The truth about poultry as found in actual life on a one-man poultry farm. You Can Bo the Same— Book Tells llow Ol'R SPECIAL OFFER— The One-Man Poultry Plant, in twelve parts (book form), and the American Poultry Advocate one year, for only 5octs., book and Advocate, three years, for only $i.oo if order is sent at once. Our paper is handsomely illustrated, practical, progressive and up-to- date on poultry matters. Established 1892. 44 to 132 pages monthly. 50 cents a year. 3 months' trial 10 cents. Sample copy free. Catalogue of poultry literature tree. Address AMERICAN PDILTRY ADVOCATE 659 Hodgkins Blk. Syracuse, N. Y. Brooder Hodgson Portable Houses No. 3 Poultry House — 2 units Setting Coop BROODER can be operated out-of-doors in zero weather with little attention or expense. 50 to 100 chicks. No. 3 POULTRY HOUSE-Fitted complete for 60 hens-8x20 feet $110.00. First pen, $60.00 ; additional pens, $50.00 each. Red Cedar, vermin-proof. SETTING COOP to set a hen in and brood her chicks. $3.00. All neatly painted and quickly bolted together. Send for illustrated catalogue. EC nnnrCAM rn fRoom 311, 116 WASHINGTON ST., BOSTON, MASS. > Address all corre- • r« IlvlJUJjUll \CRAFTSMAN BLDG., 6 EAST 39th ST., NEW YORK/ spondence to Boston Greider’s Fine Catalogue and calendar of pure bred poultry; 70 vari- eties illustrated and described, many in natural colors. A perfect guide to poultry raisers — full of facts. Low prices on stock and eggs for hatch- ing. Incubators and brooders. 22 years in business. You need this noted book. Send 10c for it — today. B. H. GREIDER Box 25 RHEEMS, PA. THE Poultry Book Compiled by the greatest authorities in the country New Popular Edition in one volume 1299 pages, 375 illustrations COMPLETE, AUTHORITATIVE, PRACTICAL It covers every branch of poultry raising from incubating or hatching to marketing PART ONE describes the varieties best adapted to different conditions and gives instructions for mating, breeding, incubating, treating diseases, marketing, poultry house and brooder building, etc. PARTS TWO AND THREE contain chapters by specialists describing and illustrating the various breeds and giving the standards by which they are judged. Former Price Three volumes, $13.50 Now Illustrated, Net $1 .50 Garden City, DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO. New York THE POULTRY BOOK All the signs of good health and perfect diges- tion follow the feeding of Austin’s Dog Bread. It contains just the food elements that your dog needs to keep him well and happy throughout the year — sweet, lean meat, flour and cereals. Austin Dog Bread & Animal Food Co. 246 Marginal St Chelsea, Mass. m BOSTON TERRIERS fine markings, good breeding and excel- lent dispositions. I have sold fifty of these fine pets and companions to Couti- tryLi/e readers during the past year and satisfied every one. Also Bull Terriers and English Bull- 0 ’ Treasonable prices. W rite Box 330, Garden Magazine 11 W. 32nd St. New York G. D. TILLEY Naturalist “ Everything in the Bird Line from a Canary to an Ostrich” Birds for the House and Porch Birds for the Ornamental Waterway Birds for the Garden, Pool and Aviary Birds for the Game Preserve and Park I am the oldest established and largest exclusive dealer in land and water birds in America and have on hand the most extensive stock in the United States. G. D.TILLEY, Naturalist, Box G., Darien, Conn. The Readers' Service will give suggestions for the care of live-stock 10 THE G A R D E N MAGAZINE February, 1915 ‘TATjg READERS' SERVICE Expert aid and advice on individual problems of practical gardening Manure on Bulb Bed Will stable manure, placed on the bulb bed as a winter covering, and worked into the soil after the winter’s weathering, injure the bulbs if it gets in contact with them in the spring?— S. H. B., Minn. — After the winter’s weathering the manure will be thoroughly “spent” and, therefore, do no harm in the spring. Ashes From an Incinerator What is the fertilizing value, if any, of ashes from a garbage furnace? — J. J. N., Pa. — The value of ashes from a garbage incinerator for fertilizing purposes would depend entirely upon the nature of the material consumed. In any case, it would be extremely low since all the most valuable elements of plant food, such as nitrogen and some of the soluble potash and phosphorus materials, would have been lost in burning. It would be far more desirable and effective to compost the garbage itself, mixing it in a pit or heap with soil, sod and, if possible, stable manure and applying it to the ground when fully rotted for its humus. Anthracnose on Blackberries What shall I do with my blackberry bushes which seem to be blighted; the leaves are falling off and the stalks are spotted? I cannot find any worms on the bushes.— B. W. A., La. — Your description is rather incomplete, but it seems as though your blackberries are afflicted with anthrac- nose. This is a difficult disease to combat and the only recommendations we can give you are: First, that you cut out all affected canes as soon as you discover them; second, that you spray the young growth thoroughly every two or three weeks through- out the season with bordeaux mixture. Cutting Alfalfa Too Soon I have a field of alfalfa which will not grow, al- though it has plenty of water. I planted it in February, 1914; got a good stand, but when it was eight inches high I cut it for green feed. Since then it has not grown. — F. W. S., Calif. — From your description it would seem as though you, yourself, had caused the failure of your alfalfa by cutting it altogether too soon. As with any plant, alfalfa needs a certain amount of leaf surface to change the plant foods taken up by the roots into forms in which they can be assimilated, that is, turned into tissue. By cutting the crop when it was only eight inches high, you removed practically all the active leaf surface and as the plants were young they did not have enough stored up food material to replace it. We very much doubt whether you can do anything to the crop but replant it and if you do this you should leave the field alone for at least six months before cutting it. The best time to mow is when a new growth of shoots can be seen just starting up from the crowns of the plants. Dividing a Yucca What is the right time to divide a yucca? — K. K. P., 111. — The suckers from the yucca can be divided in the spring or early summer, taken off and put in a sandy soil, well drained. If given this treatment they will strike and do well. Natural Increase of Narcissus Bulbs Last fall on taking up Narcissus poeticus bulbs that had been planted several years ago, I found they had multiplied from eight to ten times, and where one bulb had been planted there were then eight or ten, not more than an inch in diameter. These have been replanted. Will they bloom, and if so when? — ■ F. T. W., Idaho. - — It is quite possible, since you did not take up the bulbs till fall, that the growth will be considerably weakened for the coming season; for to get the full growth from these bulbs, they should be replanted in August or September. The small bulbs found are the natural increase and will flower when they have at- tained the proper size and vigor, the exact time de- pending on the conditions under which they have been grown. This may take from four to seven years, although an occasional strong bulb will bloom the second year. The bulbs should be taken up as soon as the foliage is ripened, and sorted out by sizes; select the larger ones for flowering size and put the smaller ones in nursery rows, handling them each year in the same way, sorting out the larger ones each year as they develop. Narcissus poeticus will bloom for a good many years under normal conditions and if planted in clumps that are not too dense they can be left alone until they become so crowded that they cease to flower on that account. Salt Hay It is a thing that I suppose everyone should know; but we out West here cannot find out what “salt hay” is. It is mentioned in almost every number of The Garden Magazine. — W. W. H., Mo. - — By Salt hay is generally meant any coarse, grass- like plant that grows on the typical salt marshes of the Atlantic Coast. As a general thing these marshes are firm enough to bear the weight of a mower or at least the weight of a man with a scythe. The hay is generally stacked and allowed to dry out for some weeks; then the stacks are picked up on poles and carried out on to higher land, unless, of course, teams can be driven on to the marshes. While this type of grass is occasionally fed to cattle, who eat it eagerly in the absence of better forage, the market for the material is based more on the demands of dealers in china, crockery, etc., who use it as a packing material. In this latter respect, if not also in regard to its feeding qualities, the salt hay of the East is comparable to any of your western coarser wild pasture grasses. Another Lawn Weed I have sent you a specimen of a weed which last summer appeared in my lawn. It grew in dense mats, and killed the grass. How can I eradicate it if it appears next year? — R. S., Canada. — Polygonum aviculare, or knotweed, is apt to infest such lawns as are frequently trodden, as it can stand such treatment much better than grass or white clover. In such situations, the best plan to follow is to give the grass a rest in order that it may recuperate. The only method of eradication that we have known to be suc- cessful is to pull up the plants in order to prevent their forming seed. It is an annual and readily succumbs to such treatment. As it produces seed throughout a long period of time, it is necessary to go over the lawn several times during the season. As in the case of all lawn weeds, is it strongly advised that the grass be kept in a thrifty condition by top dressing with well rotted man- ures or fertilizers, liming if necessary, reseeding and giving careful attention to mowing, rolling and watering. The thick stand and vigorous growth of grass tends to crowd out most lawn weeds or at least makes them much less noticeable. Lime on Sour Soils What kind of lime is used on sour soils; how'much should be used; when should it be applied, etc. — J. S., Ohio. - — The use of lime on the land is such an important subject that we advise you to learn more about it than we can give you in this space. Write, therefore, to the Director of the State Agricultural Experiment Station at Wooster, Ohio, for copies of Circular No. 123 and Bulletin No. 279 which, if available, will be sent you free of charge. We can say briefly, however, that the best sort of lime for the average soil is raw ground limestone which should be applied at about the rate of a ton per acre, just after plowing, and then harrowed in thoroughly, preferably in the fall. The next best would be air slaked lime which need not be used as plentifully but which is ordinarily rather more expen- sive as it represents limestone that has been burned and then slaked. Possibly the cheapest form where ground rock cannot be obtained would be quick lime. Of this you would have to buy only one half as much as of the other two as it contains only about half as much water. Before applying it to the land, however, you should slake it, preferably by putting it in piles about the field, covering it with a few inches of soil and leaving it for a few weeks. In a garden, lime should be added after the soil has been spaded but before it has been raked. From three to seven pounds per ten square feet of freshly slaked quick lime would be a good application. Winter Planting of Spring Bulbs This fall I bought some hyacinth tulip and nar- cissus bulbs, but before they were delivered the ground had frozen over. I do want an attractive spring gar- den; and how can I get it now that I have missed the proper time for planting? — A. C. G., Pa. — You might light a bonfire on the ground where you I wish to plant your bulbs and after the ground has be- come well thawed out plant the bulbs in the usual way. 1 We have seen good results from following out this method. Last year, here at the Country Life Gardens, we planted narcissus bulbs in January when the ground was frozen so hard that we had to pry it open with a crow bar, dropping a little sand into the bottom of the hole for the bulb to rest on. The result of late plant- ing will be late flowers and they will not have the full vigor of flowers planted earlier in the season. You can do nothing else now. How to Keep Poultry Manure What is the best method of keeping poultry drop- pings so as to get the full benefit of the different fer- tilizing constituents? — E. K. S., Nebr. — The essential requirements in keeping poultry manure j are: 1. that it should be kept protected from rain; 2. it should be kept from direct sunlight; 3. that its volatile.constituents should not be allowed to evaporate. Probably the most convenient way to satisfy such conditions is to mix the droppings as they are gathered with enough dry loam, leafmold or other absorbent material to cover them. They may then be stored either in boxes, barrels, or sacks in some dry shed or out of the way corner. Either when they are used or previous to this mixing the material should be reduced to a uniform size by having the lumps pounded down. j Of course, during the summer it is often possible to ! use a great deal of the manure directly on the garden as fast as it is obtained. In this case break up the lumps and do not allow the material to come in actual contact with the plants or roots. Plants Under a Fountain Can you suggest any varieties of plants, to be grown in pots, which would be likely to succeed during the growing season, under a fountain which has a fairly heavy spray falling all the time ? — A. B., New Jersey. — You might try some of the following. You will have to plunge the pots and treat the plants as if they j were in the open ground. Plants less than one foot high: water arum; moneywort; water mint; American pennyroyal; buckbean; forget-me-not; orange milk- I wort; mandrake. Plants one to two feet high: small flag; marsh marigold; golden seal; ground lily. Plants two to three feet high: baneberry; flowering rush; . turtle head; bugbane; day lily; irises; loosestrife; arrow ' arum; arrowhead; swamp milkweed; horsetail; woolly , rush; pampas grass; gunnera; cardinal flower; eulalia; pickerel weed. Plants five feet high or more: giant reed; papyrus; swamp rose mallow; purple loosestrife; cat-tails. February, 1 !) 1 .5 T H E G A II I) E N M A G A Z I N E 10 -a To put it at once into Half a Million Farm Homes THE COUNTRY GENTLEMAN The big $1.50 farm paper, will be mailed to you 3 months — 13 Weeks— 25 Cents The Country Gentleman treats farming as a business — not only growing stuff, but selling it at a profit — the chief end of any business. These 13 issues, for 25 cents, would make a book of nearly 1,000,000 words and 800 illustrations, covering more than 500 farm subjects, divided about as follows: General Farming . 95 Articles Livestock . 75 CC Marketing, Management and Finance . . 60 Li Buildings, Equipment and Labor . 45 LL Poultry . 55 (( Vegetables, Flowers . 60 L L Dairying ... . 25 Li Orchards and Trees ....... . 45 • '* Rural Social Life ........ . 25 Cw Home Making . 55 U Free Personal Service Any farm question that puzzles a reader of THE COUNTRY GENTLE MAN will be answered personally and promptly by mail. More than 100 practical experts are at our call to render this free personal 3 MONTHS (13 ISSUES) 10-6 T H E GARDEN MAGAZINE February, 1915 1-TF 4 — E • TALK- OI ■- " ■ :Id :-THE-OFFI< — .. ■ —^7==^ EE- — THE GARDEN AND FARM ALMANAC FOR 1915 THIS is the time to use this book, which each year has grown in size, in circula- tion and, wTe hope, in usefulness. We take this from the preface: With the ever rapid growth of a widespread in- terest in all that pertains to the country, the field of the Garden and Farm Almanac is constantly broadening. At the same time many agricultural matters are treated in such detail in books and periodicals that it seems best to devote this publication to the task of supplying infor- mation (i) that is wanted often and that must be kept handy, and (2) that is not generally available elsewhere, or, if so, only in widely scat- tered volumes. There is also being maintained and ever made more efficient The Readers’ Service, through which the experts on the staffs of Country Life in America, The World’s Work, and The Garden Magazine will give personal attention to prob- lems on farm, home, and business matters; on animals, crops, education, finance, insurance, fashions, the kitchen, vacations, farm lands, and practically every possible subject except those demanding medical and legal advice. Simply write a letter, as legibly and briefly as possible, addressing it as below, stating your question and enclosing one of the service coupons. We appreciate the enclosure of a stamp for reply, but this js not a condition. In any case your letter will receive immediate attention and a personal answer will be sent you as quickly as possible, from The Garden and Farm Service Doubleday, Page & Co. Garden City, N. Y. THE READERS’ SERVICE The Readers’ Service which is referred to in the paragraph above was begun by Double- day, Page & Company many years ago, and its value and usefulness increase with the years by reason of its stores of information and ex- perience. In the Financial Department alone advice concerning the investment of tens of millions of dollars has been given, with the purpose of inducing readers to invest in con- servative securities and to expose fraud and speculative investments. In the same way all sorts of information in a greatly varied field have been provided for our readers all over the world. The letters sent to us are absolutely con- fidential. THE AMERICAN BOOKS The first volumes in the series of American books, we expect to publish on the 15th of March. They are as follows: The American Indian By Charles A. Eastman (Ohivesa), author of “Old Indian Days,” “Indian Boyhood,” etc. Socialism in America By John Macy, late literary editor of the Bos- ton Herald, author of “The Spirit of American Literature.” The American College By FIsaac Sharpless, President of Haverford College. Municipal Freedom By Oswald Ryan, of the Indiana Bar. The American Navy By Rear Admiral French E. Chadwick, U. S. N. We will state again the plan of this set of books, for the benefit of our readers who did not see the first announcement. The unique feature of the series will be the discussion by American authorities of distinctively American movements and problems connected with the future prosperity of the United States. The series was projected more than a year ago, long before the Great War but it derives ad- ditional importance from the new position which that great struggle has given America on the face of the globe. The United States, standing aloof from the suicidal bloodshed of the Old World, has necessarily become the peaceful arbiter of the earth’s destinies and the flywheel to keep the industry of the world revolving. A new responsibility toward the world’s welfare has therefore devolved upon the United States. An inquiry into the meaning and tendency of American civilization to-day is thus not only a matter of high interest but of patriotic duty. The publishers wish “The American Books” to be a series of brief authoritative manuals which will attempt to lay bare some of the problems that confront us to-day; written in popular terms that will inspire rather than dis- courage the casual reader. The series should prove not only of great interest to all American citizens who wish to aid in solving their coun- try’s pressing problems, but to every foreigner visiting this country who seeks an interpreta- tion of the American point of view. We wish “The American Books” to be writ- ten by the best men, and to this end seek the widest publicity for the plan. We shall be glad to receive suggestions as to appro- priate titles for inclusion in the series, and will welcome authoritative MSS. submitted from any quarter. In science, literature, business, politics, in the arts of war and the arts of peace, we seek writers who have stood for fearless achievement or equally fearless failure who will build up A Library of Good- Citizenship. FIRST BOOKS OF 1915 A Set of Six A new book of stories by Joseph Conrad. God’s Country — and the Woman A novel, by James Oliver Curwood, author of “Kazan.” The Building of It A book of inexpensive houses, by Walter J, Keith. A Sunday School Tour of the Orient By Frank L. Brown. Practical Talks on Farm Engineering By Professor R. P. Clarkson. Dr. Syn A novel, by Russell Thorndyke. Martha of the Mennonite Country By Helen R. Martin, author of “Tillie, a Mennonite Maid.” The New Business A book for every business marl, stating the fund- amentals of advertising, selling, and marketing. By Harry Tipper. Advertising — Selling the Consumer By John Lee M.ahin. Victory A novel, by Joseph Conrad Ruggles of Red Gap A story of the rise of the ultra English valet Ruggles — a delicious satire on the social life of the West. By Harry Leon Wilson, author of “Bunker Bean,” “The Spenders,” etc. February, 1 !) 1 5 T II E GARDEN M A G AZIN E 10-c Frances Duncan’s Gardencraft Not the photograph of a Country Place but of Miss Duncan’s miniature collaps- ible Country House and Plant-as-you- please garden. A very practical help in Garden-Planning. A fascinating pastime for Garden lovers from eight to eighty. If you cannot visualize your garden-to-be get Frances Duncan’s Gardencraft and make it and see it in miniature. Suburban Size $3.50. Plants for old fashioned gar- den are contained in this set, annuals, perennials, shrubs, box-edging, sundial, rose-arch. Any type of garden access- ories, pergola, pool, tennis court, summer house, etc., may be had in miniature at the Gardencraft work-shop. Send 4c for catalogue of Gardencraft and Country Life Toys . Gardencraft Work-Shop 1 Milligan Place, (6th Ave. Bet. 10th and Uth St.) New York HUNTINGTON in quality, rock bottom in price. We offer the world’s finest productions in flower seeds, annual and perennial flowering plants, bulbs, shrubs, roses, etc., both staple and novelties. We are large growers of fine florist’s strains of aster seed, petunia seed, gladoli, and perennial seeds and plants. Hundreds of professional growers have been using our stocks for years. If we can please your florist we should please you. Write for our price list Ralph E. Huntington Wholesale Grower of Florists’ Specialties Painesville, Ohio —WATER LILIES— IN YOUR OWN GARDEN These superb plants can be grown in the smallest garden; you can plant them in a tub or half barrel, and they will give a wealth of beautiful blooms. Hardy varieties can be planted from May to August; tender sorts about the first of June. “THE WATER LILY” a brochure illustrating many rare sorts, with full description of the familiar varieties, will be sent to anyone who writes for it. Full directions are given for garden culture s well as for pond planting. Write to- day for the booklet. William Tricker Water Lily Specialist Box E Arlington, N. J. How to Give Your Garden a Running Start Single Row Frame — 13 x 342 in. 4 for £5. Junior Frames. Sash 34 inches wide, by 38% inches long. . $8 £ll Junior Melon Frames 1 9 2* x 20 2 in. 5 for £4.40 IO for #8.50 TI 1 ^HE latter part of last winter, you will remember, was just the kind that made you think that “spring is going to be early this year.” But it wasn’t. It lagged along until some of us had to plant our gardens all over again, and others said : “What’s the use, anyway, of trying to have an early garden any more in this confounded climate ? ” Along in February we reminded you that Cold Frames or Hot Beds were the only sure insurance against a late garden. We even went so far as to say pretty strongly, that you ought to buy some of our Frames — even if only ten of the Single Plant ones for #6.25, and boost your garden along two to six weeks. This year you are going to buy frames — you made up your mind to that, eight months ago. This being so, as it certainly is so, then the thing for you to do ; is send at once for our Two P’s Booklet, which tells you about the Pleasure and Profit of Cold Frames and Hot Beds. We have seven different sizes and kinds of these frames, or garden boosters. Send your order now (when we can ship at once) and have them ready for the first signs of Spring. Every one of them is illustrated, described and priced in our Two P’s Booklet. There are several pages of Helpful Hints, and a Planting Time Table, both of which you want, handy, under one cover. Send for this Two P’s Booklet. fofd,^Bqrnham|o. Sales Offices NEW YORK 42nd St. Building BOSTON Tremont Building PHILADELPHIA Franklin Bank Bldg. CHICAGO Rookery Building CLEVELAND Swetland Building ROCHESTER Granite Building TORONTO Royal Bank Building Plant Frames 1 1 2 x 13 in. 10 for $6.25 Factories Irvington, N. Y. Des Plaines, III. A four sash standard frame, 12 ft.x 6. Price £23.90 Roses, Flowering Shrubs and Fruit Trees which will bud, bloom and fruit True to Name, sent direct from our nurseries to your garden at wholesale prices. This Spring we offer the finest selection of hardy, _ _ field grown Hybrid Perpetual and Hybrid Tea or Everblooming Roses. Our list includes the choicest varieties: Maman Cochet (white), Maman Cochet lUr (pink), William R. Smith. American Beauty and ‘ Killarney. The stock is all two year old, No. 1 strong bushes. Our book tells you how to plant S and care for them. Our flowering Shrubs include the finest specimens of Bush Hydrangea Paniculata Grandiflora and Snowball or Ever- blooming Hydrangea, Spirea Van Houttei (white), Spirea Anthony Waterer (dwarf pink). Also the finest fruit trees that can be grown: Apple, Peach, Pear, Plum and Cherry. All the best tested varieties. Kelly Brothers' quality and purity of vari- eties means much to the planter. You get the benefit of thirty-five years of prac- tical experience. We stand back of every shipment. Send today for our 1015 Spring Catalog. It is free. Read our broad guarantee. Kelly Bros.’ Wholesale Nurseries, 244 Main St.,Dan6ville, N. Y. You never regret planting Kelly Bros.' stock The Readers’ Service gives information about real estate TO -d T H E GA II 1) E N M A G A Z I N E Gladioli Bulbs 50 for $1 Delivered ( With Culture Instructions ) Our “Matchless Mixture” of Extra Large, Sure to bloom Bulbs — contains all the latest sorts and colors such as Amer- ica, Princeps, Baron J. Hulot, Mrs. Francis King, the Red, Yellow, Striped, White and Pink shades. Our new splendid Catalogue sent with every order. Weeber and Don Seed Merchants and Growers 1 14 B Chambers Street New York Evergreen Trees There is nothing more beautiful or decorative 'about the country home than the Evergreen. It is attractive both summer and winter, and is always admired. We make a specialty of strong, healthy nursery stock, and can furnish all varieties of Trees , Plants and Shrubs Visit our nurseries, where we have at all times a most interesting display, or send for booklet on Hardy Trees and Shrubs, Greenhouse Plants and Orchids. JULIUS ROEHRS CO. February. 19 15 l:T- w • « One of the 18 ground plans in our booklet on “Hardy Gardens Easily Made” You Can Afford a Hardy Garden This Year Of course you will have a garden again this year and why not have a permanent one that will give the maximum amount of enjoy- ment with the minimum amount of labor and cost. Read what a customer writes us: “In these times of high cost of living when a man wishes to economize all along the line, your catalogue is indeed most satisfying. I have received probably every catalogue issued this spring by the large firms in the East and West and the prices presented by your house run from 33% to 300% less on most every item. As I have purchased plants of you, I know that the stocks are equal in every instance to those sent out by the others, so it seems that the payment of high prices for the usual flower garden this spring is a matter of choice and not of necessity. An Easily Made Perennial Garden is yours almost for the asking. Perennials add a feeling of permanency to your home surroundings. They change their plumage but not their face and keep reflecting the seasons all the year around. In our attractive booklet — “Hardy Gardens Easily Made for the Busy Man,” we show simply prepared plans adaptable to most situations with the lowest estimates of cost. A little money goes a long way and the results are lasting. On receipt of ten cents in stamps which will be credited to your first order, we will send you this valuable plan book. together with our handsomely illus- trated catalogue (48 pages, 9x12, the limit of true economy worked out). THE PALISADES NURSERIES Growers of Palisades Popular Perennials , and Landscape Gardeners R. W. Clucas, Mgr. Sparkill, Rockland County, N. Y. Masterpieces of Wrought Iron Work Stewart Iron Fences and Gates bring out the full beauty of your town house, suburban home or country estate They give permanency to your improvements by protecting your property. Made in exquisite art designs that harmonize with your architectural plan and go far toward increasing the beauty of your place. Blue prints, Photos, Book of Designs, Catalog, etc., sent Free, if you will tell us what you have in mind. A brief description of your property will greatly help us in making suggestions. THE STEWART IRON WORKS COMPANY Department D, CINCINNATI, OHIO “The World's Greatest Iron Fence Builders’’ Iron Vases, Settees, Garden and Drinking Fountains Iron Statuary, Stable Fitt ings. Lamp Standards and Lanterns [The Readers’ Service is prepared to advise parents in regard to schools FEBRUARY 19 15. PAGE Start Seeds in Hotbeds in the South - J . M. Patterson 4 Buying and Keeping Tools - - - - F. F. Rockwell 6 The Readers’ Service ----------- 10 Ten Years - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- n The Landscaping of Peridot - - - - Fletcher Steele 12 Plans by the author A Three-Tier Herbaceous Border - B.Y . Morrison 15 Photographs by N. R. Graves; plans by the author Planting a Border for the Indian Summer Plan by the author Robert S. Stur levant 17 Planning Features for Garden Special Effects Plans by the author Stephen F. Hamblin 19 I. A Formal Garden for Fragrance IIL Entrance Planting II. A Small Rose Garden IV. A Garden of Dwarf Shrubs Evergreens as a Screen on a Hillside W. H. Richie 23 Plan by the author Planning a Fruit Garden to Fit - - J. R. Mattern 26 Plans by author; photographs by H. Troth and A. G. Eldredge The Month’s Reminder - -- -- - 27 Photographs by H. N. Porch and Charles Jones Growing Exhibition Quality Sweet Peas William Gray 28 Photographs by J. H. Pepper, Charles Jones and G. W. Kerr Planting Tables for the Vegetable G.arden A. E. Wilkinson 30 Seed Sowing Table for the Flower Garden F . F. Rockwell 31 Hardy Perennials for Landscape Use William H. Richie 32 PAGE Lice on Asters -Mrs. T. C. Stephens 34 The “New” Garden Magazine - - - P. T. Barnes 34 Lice on Lettuce -------- Harold Clarke 34 Rhubarb in Winter ------ Henry S. Conard 34 Photograph by the author What Ailed the Asters ? - - - - W alter Greenleaf 34 Select Your Potato Seed ----- E. L. D. S. 34 Gardening on the Seashore ----- W. G. W. 34 A New Mulching Material ------- C. H. 34 How Not to Plant Dahlias and Gladiolus F. R. Perkins 34 A Hill of Roses --------- C. W. Post 35 Photograph by the author How to Make a Radish Bed - - - Edgar IE Trick 35 Apples for Pennsylvania ------ Harold Clarke 35 A Decade’s Development - - -- -- -- --36 An Alaskan Flower Garden - - - W . C. Blanchard 38 Photographs by the author A New Idea in Tree Labels - - - - -\Fred Haxton 40 Photograph by the author “Landscape Extension” in the Middle West W. Miller 44 Suggestions for the Home Table Effie M. Robinson 46 The Rose Society’s Trial Garden ------- 48 Tuberous Begonias from Seed - - W. C. McCollom 48 Photograph by Nathan R. Graves English Rockeries ------ Eleanor L. Wolcott 50 The Opalescent Apple ------ Waiter A. Dyer 52 SUBSCRIPTION: $1.50 a year ^Single copies, 15 cts. LEONARD BARRON, Editor COPYRIGHT, I915, BY DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY Entered as second-class matter at Garden City, New York, under the Act of Congress, March 3, 1879 F. N. DOUBLEDAY, President HERBERT S. HOUSTON, Vice-President S. A. EVERITT, Treasurer RUSSELL DOUBLEDAY, Secretary For Foreign Postage add 65c. For Canada add 35c. THE GARDEN OF YOUR DREAMS No matter what it may be, you can have your ideal garden this very year — instead of merely longing for it and dreaming of it — if you will do a very simple thing but do it at once! Write Us a Letter picturing the garden of your dreams as clearly as you are able to describe it. Il may be part of another’s garden; one of the arrangements suggested in this issue of The Garden Magazine — it may be just a vision of your own — whatever it is put it on paper in your own way and send it to us together with a rough plan of your house and surrounding grounds. We Will Tell You just how to realise this garden and have it for your own. We will tell you how much it will cost, (and many people have a mis- taken idea that gardens are expen- sive). We will give you a plan or drawing of the garden and indi- cate just what to plant and when to plant it — for which service we charge a minimum fee, which is deducted if you let us carry out your ideas. We Plan and Plant Gardens and Grounds Anywhere Our nurseries consist of over 350 acres under cultivation, We have over 350,000 square feet of greenhouses, and can furnish any stock, any size, any quantity, the highest quality, from our own acreage. Let Us Make Your Dream Come True We have the stock, the experience, the facilities and know we can satisfy you as we have satisfied others in planning and planting some of the most famous gardens in America. Our representa- tives will be glad to call at your request and to assist you in planning your gardens and grounds. If you are near New York this spring come out to our nursery and visit us, we will show you just what ought to go in your ideal garden. Our Illustrated Catalogue No. 25 Free to those who are interested — and a letter will bring it to your desk. You may write for it today and thus give proper time and consideration on this subject. BOBBINK & ATKINS Nurserymen, Florists, Planters Rutherford, New Jersey 10-e 10-/ THE G A R D E N M A G A Z I N E Fobuarv 191 > THE BEST EVERGREEN VINE FOR AMERICA THE accompanying picture gives but a faint hint of the five-fold glories of the evergreen bittersweet ( Euonymus radicans vegctus). In the first place, it is evergreen, and therefore has an obvious advantage over de- ciduous vines in being beautiful 365 days of the year instead of two weeks or seven months. Secondly, it is very accommodating as to soils, climate, exposures; is easy to grow; and will trail over the ground or climb to the noble height of thirty feet. Thirdly, it has an immense advantage over ivy, in being much hardier, growing twenty feet high in New England where ivy can be grown only as a ground-cover. Fourthly, its superb red fruits, which closely resemble those of our common wild bittersweet, seem divinely appointed to re- deem our American winters from their bleak, ugly and cheerless moods. And fifthly, it promises to develop a strong American character, becoming as universal and as dear to the American heart as ivy is in Europe. If I had a million dollars to spare I should like to plant an evergreen bittersweet against every stone, brick, and concrete wall in America. The effect would be electrical, for it would add 100 per cent, to the beauty of America. And it would only be anticipating by 100 years what will surely happen, for it is hardly possible that the world holds any plant with greater power to transform a house into a home. As in England every home and every church is enriched, dignified, and ennobled by ivy, so every American home wall come to be connected so closely with the evergreen bittersweet that it will be impossible to think of one without the other. — Extract from article by Wilhelm Miller in The Garden Magazine , November igi2. We have a large stock of the true variety of this splendid vine grown from cuttings and which will fruit freely the second season after planting. Strong Plants SO cents each; $5.00 per dozen Small “ 30 “ “ 3.00 “ “ We have the largest, finest and most comprehensive stock of Hardy Plants in America, including three hundred varieties of the choicest Peonies, and also the largest collection of Japanese Iris in the world, and an unsurpassed collection of named Phloxes. Our illustrated catalogue, describing these and hundreds of other Hardy Plants, Trees, Rhododendrons, Azaleas and Shrubs will be sent on request. “A PLEA FOR HARDY PLANTS by J. Wilkinson Elliott, contains much information about Hardy Gardens, with plans for their arrangement. We have made arrangements with the publishers of this book to furnish it to customers at a very low price. Particulars on request irf f ir^nrnr ivti tdccdv 336 fourth avenue 11 1>I LJ l\OEiIV 1 PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA If a problem grows in your garden write to the Readers 1 Service for assistance Volume XXI Number 1 ■v TyV\ THE Garden Magazine is the logical working out of the growing interest in the garden . . . as a delight and pursuit for the busy people in the work who find a new fascination in the things of the soil.” In these words, the publishers announced the birth of The Garden Magazine just ten years ago. Steadily and regularly since that time, it has endeavored to carry on its self-imposed mission of teaching the amateur gardener of America not alone the routine work of growing plants but also to stimulate in the gardening public a keener appreciation of better plants and of their special adaptations to particular purposes, and above all, to preach the spirit of American gardening for Americans, emphasiz- ing the permanency and value of native materials and such exotics as are more particularly adapted to the American climate — all these things rather than the mere copying of Euro- pean materials to reproduce in American gardens the effects and ideals of the gar- dens of the Old World. As we ourselves see it to- day, the mission has been largely successful. Our many friendsin the horticul- tural trade, nurserymen and seedsmen, unite in an ex- pression of appreciation of the spread of keen horticul- tural knowledge that has been contemporaneous with the life of The Garden Magazine. We have been in a peculiarly favorable situation from which to see and measure the change of attitude in the American public toward gardens and gardening. Ten years ago, the people in general had hardly begun to realize that there were differences of quality among the mater- ials used in the garden. Then there were “trees,” and “bushes,” and “flow- ers.” To-day, the suburban and country home maker is a keen buyer of plants by name — the demand for real quality is even larger than the supply. The seed trade and nursery trade, in the improved appearance of their catalogues, in making their appeal, bear witness to the great in- crease of critical knowledge among the lay public. Perhaps the most illuminat- ing illustration is the development of the Garden Clubs. As knowledge and appreciation of the available materials for garden use became more general, there grew up, as a natural result, a demand for better advice on the right ways to use that material in the making of garden pictures. Hence the desire and interest to-day in garden design and planting for defi- nite purposes which has made us signalize this Tenth Anniversary issue as a Special Garden Planning Manual. A word or two in explanation of the contents: We asked a land- scape architect to present an account of how he worked, which is told in “The Landscaping of Peridot,” a purely fictitious creation. But at the same time some one or more of the problems discussed therein will assuredly be encountered in the laying out of anyplace. In every case the details may be varied greatly along the same general layout. The special features given else- where, with complete plant- ing plans and specifications, will serve as illustrations and suggestive models which may be adapted, per- haps not entirely, but surely in part, to suit the individ- ual in each particular case. Planting the surroundings of the home with material that is well selected to suit the purpose in view is not a fad — it is not even a lux- ury; but it is a real and practical necessity which is being more and more appre- ciated day by day by those who live away from the con- fines of crowds and crowd- ings of cosmopolitan city life. We hope that The Gar- den Magazine has had its good share in molding the present day appreciation of the beauties and pleasures of proper enjoyment of the home garden; and we are confident that the advances of the next decade will be as marked and as signifi- cant as those of the period just closed. TEN YEARS A Message to Old Garden Friends From WILHELM MILLER First editor of The Garden Magazine, now head of the Division of Landscape Extension, at the University of Illinois. So our friendship is ten years old! I am glad the editor touched my arm, for I have been fascinated by my new work. Ah, what delightful pictures his message quickens into life — the gardens that I have visited and loved — especially in the original thirteen states! . . “What influence has The Garden Magazine had in spreading an ap- preciation of home gardening?” I meet this influence now more than ever because I am meeting you, my old-but-unsuspected friends, in new and more personal ways. The results of it are truly wonderful, and they can be summarized and interpreted only in the light of original motives. The aim of the periodical that interests you and me so much has ever been to increase the quantity of high-grade planning and planting in home grounds, especially in the flower and kitchen gardens. The magazine might have secured greater popularity for a time by playing into the hands of commercial agencies that think more of quantity than of quality, but it has always stood for something better than the “gardenesque style” of planting a lawn. The gardenesque style is wholesome in so far as it appeals to an innocent love of color and a personal interest in garden work, espe- cially on the part of beginners. It is bad only when it emanates from a love of artificiality, show, or speed. Even these age-old foes of good design are merely excessive forms of fundamental virtues, namely the love of order, color, and maturity. In persistently recommending planning before planting the journal that you and I like has builded on a surer foundation than the quicksands of shifting taste. It has tried to give the highest possible service that such a periodical can render to the American home by showing the benefits of an outdoor life amid surroundings of order, privacy, and beauty. You and I may live to see the day when the greatest national service of our favorite magazine may be considered its advocacy of an American style of landscape gardening. Certainly every visitor to the Old World must perceive that one of the greatest assets any nation can have is a national style in architecture, landscape gardening, and interior decoration for these three forces unite to build the perfect home. As to my own part in making of the magazine it is evident that the deepest impression left by my writing goes back to the series of articles that became part of a book called “What England Can Teach Us About Gardens” — the message of which is that we should not copy any country or garden literally, but must work out gardens that are adapted to our own country and our own per- sonalities. (For an account of Professor Miller's new work see page 42). 11 By Fletcher Steele Landscape Architect, Massachusetts Section along the line A B shown on the general plan (blueprint on facing page, looking from the southeast boundary) The Landscaping of Peridot AN IMAGINARY LAYOUT PROPOSITION WHICH TYPIFYS THE KINDS OF SERVICE THAT THE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT RENDERS— HOW HE GOES TO EVERY time I saw Littlefield last Winter, he was growling about the evils of city life; so I was not sur- prised to get the following letter. Dear Russell: We have bought some land in Chestnut Hill and intend to build at once. You have bored me so often about people waiting till after their house is built before they call in a landscape architect, that I write without delay. Come out with us Monday to look over the ground. Jared Hoar will be the architect. He will be out of town for a month, but we want you to work up a plan right away. Sincerely, Harrison Littlefield. I found that the lot included about two and a quarter acres of ground on a hillside, falling about twenty-four feet from east to west corners — a rectangle with the north corner cut out. An old lane with bordering stone wall and tall trees crossed the place at right angles with the street. Two large elms stood near the northeast boundary. East- ward there was a broad view over a pleasant valley, broken by an ugly mansard roof house in the foreground. In all other direc- tions the place was hemmed in by unsightly stables and houses. “Isn’t it splendid?” exclaimed Meriam, Littlefield’s handsome wife, looking out over the valley, with the enthusiasm of those who have just bought land. “ Did Harrison tell you how we found it? We were out walking and I lost my ring there by the wall. We sat down to look for it and soon decided to stay here always. So we’re going to call it, ‘Peridot’ for the old green stone it was so lucky to lose.” I thought that original and pretty. Then getting down to business I asked, “Is it to be a summer place?” “Not on your life,” answered Harri- son who speaks American fluently, “Winter too. You won’t find me caged up in town again.” Meriam had figured out their require- ments, and I soon had the following list: Sunny house, suitable for entertain- ing, with hall, “which you look through to the garden”; large drawing-room; dining-room and outdoor dining terrace; breakfast room; bookroom, “where I can put Harrison when he gets too abominable”; place for the small child- ren to play; tennis court; flower garden “with a pergola, — I think they’re sweet”; kitchen and cut flower garden; liberal service quarters, including a garage. There was a split in opinion about locating the garage. Meriam wanted it put in some distant corner as a “horrid, noisy, dirty place,” but Harrison would not hear of that. “It’s got to be near the house where I can get at it, if it goes in the middle of your flower beds. If you think I’m going to stumble all over this hill on cold, rainy nights after I put the car up, you’ve got another think coming.” The battle waxed until I insisted that it was up to the landscape architect to satisfy them both, somehow. “Haveyou fixeduponany definite amount to spend?” I asked. Littlefield said no. He wanted everything done “right,” but without extravagance. Meriam thought it curious that I then wanted to know how many outdoor men they expected to keep. But it was easy to show how unwise it would be to build gardens, etc., elaborate enough to need four men’s time, if they only wanted to keep one. Harrison finally decided on two, saying that he would rather pay out more Ttenn Screen m ShST Corner. Planting PIan afte:r. Sknrcw. on construction to begin with if it would reduce the permanent maintenance cost. While talking we wandered about and I took frequent notes of the topography, ex- posures, vegetation and outlook. “Just what do you do next in making the design?” Meriam has lively curiosity. “The next thing is to get an accurate survey. I shall have an engineer out here to make a map of the boundaries, topogra- phy and exact location of the trees, the good and bad outlooks and the soil conditions. Then I can start in to make an intelligent plan for development.” “ How will you and Jared work together? ” “Well, it’s a pity that he won’t be back this month. He ought to have been with us on the grounds to-day. It is always better to cooperate with the architect from the first, but I understand his work as we’ve done several things together. Since you want my preliminary plan for the grounds before he can get back, I shall rough out a floor plan for the house, on which the layout of the grounds usually depends. Later, he and I will go over the whole problem to work out the details.” A fortnight later I spent an evening with the Littlefields going over the proposed plans. The big library table was cleared of magazines and the blueprint spread out with a book on each corner to hold it flat, while we all leaned over it to examine and explain. “My, but it looks fancy,” was Meriam’s first observation. She looked rather pleased, but Harrison was non-com- mittal. “Tell us what it’s all about,” she said. “I’m sure I never could guess. Where is the street?” I showed her the street crossing the lower part of the plan; the stone wall, represented by a line of irregular shapes at right angles to the street, across the middle of the lot; the tennis court at the top of the hill, and the lowest place at the east corner (the upper left hand corner of the plan, when the page is turned so as to get the reading natur- ally), near where the mansard roof house broke into the valley view. Meantime Littlefield had been study- ing the layout and broke forth: “I’ll be jiggered, Russell. The way you’ve got it here, the house doesn’t face the street at all. It’s end on to the street, and kitchen end at that. What d’you think of that? ” disgustedly, “Kitchen on the street where every- body can see it instead of around be- hind somewhere out of sight.” -A . I o' Elm . U/mtij bmcruan a 23 Lombardy HjJor 'Topuhj) niyra var C ~tbcl (edar. Juqiperuj virpiijiaija J). iuropeari~5:tJi.Ta()u} yyhaiica HTTarp/e "Peer/. Ej. van gtropurpurea T "Pur p/e /faze/. Cory lup veil an a var. airopurpurea d. (it)pur~lhoro.(ralcyu} cruygoll, ii. fferca/ey flub, -/jra/ia spineja J %ad day!, -ftmelanclier caqaJer)}!} I^Uapayeje YetvTTqyuy cuiptdaia iT/ame azalea- /jza/eo ca /en du/acea {Andromeda. Andromeda jlorelunda flJfuopymuj rodicattp rar. vepefu) I T /ame azalea \TdJiyjatidra iermina/ij Detail planting plan for screen of trees to hide an adjoining house. Many such details as this will be necessary for the completed planting plans and are capable of infinite variation according to circumstances 12 February, 1015 T H E GARI) E N IV[ A GAZIN E 13 “Let me see,” and Meriam laboriously figured out the matter. “Why Russell! You have put the garage on the sidewalk! I really don’t understand. You must have some subtle reason. You artists are always being subtle. Explain yourself.” As he settled down I half heard Harrison’s “Subtle! Huh! A little horse sense would be more to the point.” But it appeared better to ignore this. “There are many reasons for not having the length of the house parallel with the (i^HpnoiNn i hivm 3Noi£ cnc ^nvh 7 o n o II i t/0 Z 5 zr d_l h- 0 u ( 3 General layout of the two- and a half-acre plot of “Peridot” in which the landscape architect has embodied all the requirements of the owners, as is fully explained in the accompanying text 14 THE GARDEN M A G A Z I N E February, 1915 street. It would cost more to build on the side hill; half of the house would never get a ray of sun and would face the unattractive noisy highway, having little privacy; it would be impossible to hide the bad features of the rear outlook without cutting off all the valley view as well; with such an ar- rangement a larger part of the grounds would necessarily be devoted to service uses than would be defensible and there would be much waste space — ground that would be used neither to make service easier or life more agreeable. “Two and a quarter acres is not very large. I set out to get for you the utmost use of every square foot, just as an architect does with a house. You must know many places — even small places — where there is an area behind the barn or between the house and the next lot that is neither garden nor usable lawn nor anything else but waste space. This is as bad in landscape archi- tecture as similar waste space in a house would be bad architecture. “Indeed the analogy between the two professions goes deeper than that. The functionsof the differentparts of the grounds answer fairly well to the functions of rooms of a house, though not exactly, of course. First, in both cases the wise man wants something between him and the public gaze on all four sides. In the house it is a wall; on an estate it may be a garden wall or some bushes. In both cases it shelters privacy within.” “Hear, hear!” came from the ribald Harrison. “At the same time,” I went on scorning the interruption, “this same wise man wants openings through which he can see if anything is worth the while outside. Otherwise, he so arranges his place that its interest within is sufficient and he is not tempted to look away, nor are the children tempted to run off their own place to play. In your case, the only thing worth seeing outside is the valley landscape which is made ugly by the mansard roof house and other neighboring buildings. On the grounds I found one spot, roughly a circle, perhaps seventy-five feet in diameter where the view is first class and from where I could entirely hide all the ugliness by planting tall trees in groups. Between these groups are ‘windows,’ marked ‘views’ on the plan. “It is a physiological fact that it rests the eye more to look into distance than at something near by. Consequently, I de- cided to put nothing in the foreground of these ‘windows’ to distract the attention, but rather to lead one’s vision over the natural, sloping meadow to the far country. I decided that this reposeful view should be commanded by the verandah, drawing- room, and bookroom, in which places rest will be oftentimes the first consideration. Other than this place, every feature of the grounds is designed to interest by looking into, not out of. Now let us return to the analogy of the house.” “Heavens, Meriam, can’t you turn him off?” “Hush, my dear; people pay money to hear him talk this way in lectures.” “The entrance turn, of the landscape com- partments, may be compared to the hall of a house; the service turn or court to the kitchen entry; the drying yard is kin to the laundry and the kitchen garden to the kitchen. I like to think of the tennis court as the billiard room of the grounds and the flower garden as the drawing-room. “One other feature deserves mention, mainly because it is as important in land- scape architecture as in architecture, but has received relatively less attention.- This is the need of convenient service access to all the several units of the grounds. Too often the apparatus of maintenance — carts, rollers, lawn mowers and the rest — must be carried through one compartment to an- other, up steps and down, because no direct access is given. When I came to look into the problem it occurred to me that the old lane would make an excellent service ‘corridor’ so to speak. It has long been a charming grass covered path following the picturesque old wall. We can do no better for service purposes, and nothing which will catch more definitely the character of the meadow, than to keep untouched this old relic. That was what I decided to do. “Once the decision was made, the wall, not the street, became the controlling mo- tive of the design. I next worked out a house plan parallel with it, the drawing- room, bookroom, and verandah giving bn the view as pre-determined. The distance away from the wall to place the house re- quired careful consideration. As shown on the plan it is far enough away so that the trees by the wall will shade all the ground between them and house at the hottest times of summer, but will not keep the purifying rays from pouring in through the windows. On the lower and shady side of the house sufficient room is left for a comfortable entrance turn and wide planting space to hide the buildings next door. Last, the house is placed where it closely follows the topography of the grounds. This will en- sure that it will ‘tie in’ with the landscape — look as if it belonged there and had not been dropped by chance like so many of even our best designed houses. “By arranging so that, not only the house, but all the other features of the place follow the general slope closely, the construction cost will be reduced to a mini- mum and also, we chain to our own use the genius of the place.” “Te-he,” chortled Harrison, “Cut out that highbrow stuff and explain why it’s cheaper to follow the slope.” “Why, you see, moving large quantities of earth is one of the most expensive items of cost, especially where there is a long haul. Here that is reduced to a minimum. The dirt excavated from the cellar will just serve to bring the entrance turn up to the proper level; that which must be sliced off one end of the tennis court will be used on the other end, and so on. Only such grading is done as may be necessary to get reasonably level areas. “While the topography is closely fol- lowed, yet, paradoxical as it may sound, changes in grade are emphasized by steps and retaining walls where possible. They are picturesque and interesting in them- selves and often serve to delimit areas, a desirable thing to do, better than anything else. Walls are more expensive to build, in the first place, than banks; but they are much cheaper to keep in good condition. “Such a retaining wall carried six feet above the drive, separates the entrance turn from the house lawn, keeping the latter secluded. But to give the grounds as well as the house a formal entrance, an arched gateway is planned directly opposite the debouche of the drive, which will form an interesting feature from the sidewalk. From the lawn it will be approached by a flight of steps. “Except for this glimpse, almost nothing of the private apartments will be visible from the street, as a thick screen of trees will hide the entrance turn and front and the other side of the house will be cut off by the service quarters. “The service court is separated from the highway by a wall which will keep it un- objectionable. The garage opens on to this court, not on the street. The garage is placed as far as possible from all the living apartments of the estate, yet it is connected with the house by a covered passage, and cold rainy nights need have no terrors for you, Harrison. There is an added advan- tage in that the heating apparatus for the house can be placed under the garage, where it can be tended in the easiest and most economical way. “By this court there is direct connection with the kitchen garden. Only one entrance is needed for kitchen, garage and other service wagons. I am convinced that the least possible area of your grounds is de- voted solely to service purposes in this way. And economy of this sort on a place the size of yours is imperative. The conven- ience of service is extended by the fact that the service lane opens on to this court as well as the path through the kitchen garden leading to the tennis court and the compost yard. The latter is large enough for com- post, manure, screenings and gravel for the tennis court and drives and to collect the rubbish which it is impossible altogether to keep off a place. “The tennis court is a noisy feature, put as far away from the house as possible, yet directly connected by the terraces and pergola. Both sides of the pergola act as retaining walls — down to the flower garden, of which it will give pleasant, shaded out- looks, and up to the kitchen garden, which will thus be easier concealed, yet convenient. “The outlook from the dining-room across the sunny out-door dining terrace, up steps between big oil jars, under shady trees and through the sun-mottled pergola to the gleaming tennis overlook house on the far side of the court will be lengthened and enhanced by false perspective and other amusing tricks. This will be the view from the front door, which Meriam wanted. February, 1915 THE GARDEN M A G A Z I N E 15 The dining-room table will not break it be- cause one will look over it to the pergola on the higher level. “From the drawing room the dining ter- race will be hidden. A big bay window will open upon a broad circle bordered by rho- dodendrons, which will look handsome both winter and summer, a fine secluded place for the small youngsters to play, under the eyes of the house. On the same axis but beyond the old stone wall (which will be jealously preserved through the gardens as elsewhere), will be the flower garden, across which you will look to a low platform at the other end, with a white statue against a dark evergreen background. “This vista, with its zones of sun and shadow, will be a short variation on the longer dining-room vista motive, to borrow a term from the musicians. The garden is placed near but separated from the house so that it may be well out of sight during the dismal seasons. All the plant- ing immediately around the house will be evergreen with spring and summer bulbs. “The meadow lawn is directly accessible from house, garden entrance court and service lane, but is an isolated unit of design as it should be. “We might go much more into detail, but without profit until you decide about the general scheme. How do you like it?” “What do you think of it, Meriam?” asked the master of the house. “ It seems to have everything we want and all mighty convenient. Part of it seems queer and not as we would have done it. But after all we called in a landscape archi- tect because we didn’t know how to plan all these things ourselves. Russell’s points are all sensible, and I think we had better let him go ahead.” “All right, Russell, go ahead. Every- thing is certainly compact and shipshape. I guess you do know what you are about, after all. Seltzer or plain water? ” A Three-Tier Herbaceous Border By B. Y. Morrison, District of Columbia THE SKILLFUL USE OF “IN-BETWEENS” BY WHICH A GREAT VARIETY OF PLANTS CAN BE GROWN IN A BORDER OF MINIMUM SIZE, THROUGHOUT THE SEASON T The Japanese anemones will do best in a (airly moist sit- uation. and some shade even HIS article is not for the people who leave their gar- dens to the care of the hired man. Its doc- trine is a dangerous one, one which calls for the constant attention of the owner. And, moreover, the owner must belong to that demented clan, who go out before break- fast to see the new peony buds, and who come in from office by way of the garden to see what the sun has opened during the day. The trouble was just this. I was to have a new house and a new garden — and, alas, the garden was infinitesimal and my plant appetite was gigantic. A good friend came to the rescue unknowingly by giving me many happy hours in his garden, and slowly the bright idea of the “in-betweens” took hold. Of course, interplanting is nothing new. Nearly all good gardens show ex- amples of interplanting, especially in the herbaceous borders, but I wanted to inter- plant more closely than is generally recom- mended because I simply had to have all the things, and if I had them all in the old way they would have to be just about half a plant apiece. So scheming began. To avoid the danger of having a messy effect in the garden sev- eral different plants were decided upon to be featured. First of all German iris, then Japanese iris, phlox, Japanese anemones and Michaelmas daisies in succession. These were spotted through the borders with the exception of the Japanese iris and anemones, for which a special bed was re- served. Then came the delightful work of interweaving. In working this we made a list of the “must haves” that were herbaceous in character and not bulbous. Then another list of these, grouping them so that they combined pleasantly for growth or success- ion or combination of bloom. In doing this we thought of plants first according to their habit of growth. For example, there is a great host of plants like thyme, Veronica repens, Ajuga reptans, the smaller sedums, and such creatures who crawl over the earth rooting at every joint. Obviously they must not be planted next to plants which make rosettes or tufts, like Armeria, Lychnis, and similar plants. Then there are the trailers which root more slowly at the joints, if at all. Examples of this class are Phlox subulata, Cerastium tomentosum, Arabis, Alyssum saxatile, Iberis, Campanula carpatica, and a host more. These, like the first, are prone to swamp their neighbors. The erect plants we group also according to their methods of self propagation. There is the great class of things like phlox, col- umbines, delphiniums, aconites, peonies, fraxinellas which merely increase slowly about the old crown until a “clump” is formed; and there is the other class which sucker out- rageously-— nearly all the com- posites go into this class, some of the garden oenotheras, a few of the coarser campanulas, hemerocallis, and many others. So the problem was simplified into a mechanical arrangement of creepers, trailers, dumpers, and suckerers, if we may use such ludicrous nicknames. Those which make clumps are ideal as centres to plant around. The creepers which are shallow rooted run them a close second, especially for any underplanting of bulbs. In my The charm garden, suckerers are tabooed save for Michaelmas daisies, which I must have, and a solitary clump of Boltonia latis- quama. Even my beloved Hemerocallis flava and Thunbergii are outlawed in the shrubbery part of the garden. But let us get to examples for they are the most fun. Because my garden is so very small, most of the garden stuff is of small scale which will be immediately evi- dent from a glance at the plan of the garden to be, which employs some of the garden interweavings from the other gardens I know. Have you ever seen fat little clumps of Scilla sibirica and Galanthus Elwesii coming up in front of the dark purple red shoots of an old peony? If you haven’t, try it. The bulbs will ripen fairly well under the peony tops and last very well considering. The same bulbs look well with yellow crocus near clumps of Dictamnus. Here, of course there is no special contrast of growth, but Dictamnus makes great clumps which are impatient of disturbance and little things of bulbous nature can go in to economize space. And not far down the line from this of the mixed herbaceous border lies in the succession of effects. Tulip and phlox shown here 16 T H E G A R I) E N M A G A Z I N E February, 1915 ^nfiai A nemontf A flcm. ja(D. irj wind CbaHofh Astilbe^v / jafjonTc^ S^ireos. ^oeen Charloft^^; As+ilbe I S^irca fili^endulaj ^/^r^rpone ja(sonica. / Anemon-cjojo^hlrlivind. /%u nc irca.fi’ I ib< japx^<7^ //// YJirsTa7 T_/ *?• W J?s iS W 'ft gra \ . /^zl Tris- lr,s /g™nd, si y//\ Planting plan for the wet border in which Japanese iris and Japanese anemones furnish the features with various other plants as individuals. Scale Yi inch equals 1 ft. have a big clump of Heuchera sanguinea with good bronzy leaves all winter and a great cloud of delicate bloom in the middle of June. Some of the newer hybrids give scattering bloom throughout the year. The double tulip Murillo, with pink and white flowers goes well to precede this; Anthericum liliago, var. major gives white flowers at the same time and Gladiolus America may be planted later for August bloom. Unlike tulips, of which the pale yellow retroflexa and the glowing crimson scarlet Gesneriana major are my special favorites for borders, narcissus are rather difficult in the border because of the heavy mass of foliage which breaks down soon after flowering. A few clumps must go in, and Viola cuculata is good to go in with them. Just a plant or two will be more than enough because it seeds pestiferously; but it is worth having, even though the flowers are odorless, because it can be cut down re- peatedly and still yield a fresh clump of leaves. There are white and bicolor forms of it as well as the purple type. Then there must be purple and lavender crocuses in the garden, if you can keep them away from the blue of Scilla sibirica. To my notion, the blue of the squill is so much more perfect than the color of any crocus that ever grew, that I could resign the cro- cuses without a murmur if the garden were too small for both. But if some of the dark purple and lavenders are planted in little clumps near some later blooming perennial with tufted habit such as Armeria or the coarser Lychnis viscaria the effect is rather good. Another good early combination is the Heavenly Blue variety of the grape hyacinth (Muscari botryoides) planted near the upper edge of a sheet of Cerastium tomentosum. A single plant of Adonis vernalis and a few of plants of Myosotis Victoria (best treated as an annual) would form pleasing incidents here. Or perhaps three or four bulbs of Narcissus Golden Spur or Cam- pernelle rugulosus — or if you prefer smaller scale, a little clump of the tiny Narcissus jonquilla with dark green rush-like leaves and starry, golden, fragrant flowers. Back of a clump like this, of which the Cerastium alone can be counted on for all summer, put some clump of plants which will start slowly in the spring and have later interest. A clump of Funkia lanceolata would be good, because like all the funkias it is late to start, has admirable foliage and charming lavender flowers in September. And behind the funkia there could be good clumps of Doronicum plantagineum, var. excelsum or of Corydalis nobile. These are two very different plants which come up with a rush in the spring and pro- duce a fine display of bloom and then more or less disappear. Then back of them would have to be some good tall late plant again, probably a group of phlox with Michaelmas daisies behind, for we are pretty well to the back of the border by now. Perhaps not a whole group of phlox should go in with the Michaelmas daisies. I saw a border last summer that was backed with a mass of pale lavender asters and among them were just a few stalks of a late bloom- ing cerise pink phlox. The effect was really very charming, especially if one could add a Aster, W. s o "KT^atjnor Lu|Dini/s • lus (blue) Acomtvrn Theory, N. I Wilson, / Euqene > \ . Verdier Anemone S+rUthei-s latonica., -v Whirlwind .''"s. . 7— _ /Fhlox>^Jraterialr / /M,ss pict \ Ialma+,ca \ , Aster Shortii ^n*rae4tq\i<£./ Clematis Aconitum Wllsonii J^E|wC5ii Biei-ic&i — JlTurqe „ . \ rtwrr* K. tis&rrr-J in. Aster Lil Tordell JrBei'nice//X'/ ' ' , Dicentra \ eximicG T,aX' subcordata^ eol0nq of t> This border of perennials gives great variety by reason of inter and under planting. The lower part of this plan should be extended on the right of this portion to form one entire border This border is designed to accommodate the greatest number of kinds in the smallest space, yet having due regard to proportion of mass, succession of effects, and continuity of bloom. Use three plants for each colony. Iris and phlox can be planted closely to make a clump at once. The shaded areas show underplantings of bulbs. Scale Yi inch to 1 ft. approximately. B. Y. Morrison, Designer February, 1015 T H E G A R 1) E N M A G AZIN E 17 mass of some gray leaved thing such as the somewhat tender Centaurea gymnocarpa or Cineraria maritima. And speaking of gray leaved things — try a little patch of Artemisia frigida with clumps of Sternbergia lutea near the edges. Artemisia has delicate silvery leaves and Sternbergia has leaves like a narcissus and flowers very much like bright yellow cro- cuses on short stems. But the best of it is that the flowers come in October and bring a welcome bit of color to the edge of the border which is mostly given over to the low things that bloom in the spring. And down the line there can be clumps of Crocus speciosus or sativus coming up through creepers like the lavender form of Phlox subulata or Veronica rupestris. These crocuses are good lavender purples, bloom in October, and have not the poor and weak-stemmed habit of their relatives the pale pink colchicums. But of course the real interest of autumn goes to the Japanese anemones with their great sheaves of airy bloom, and to the clouds of Michaelmas daisies. Personally, I prefer the white Japanese anemones and the pale pink Queen Charlotte. In my garden they are to be planted among the clumps of Japanese iris because they like the rich food with which I pamper my iris and the daily floodings which the iris gets for a month before and a month after blooming time. Several clumps of Spirea filipendula, the Astilbe Arendsii, var. Ceres, Astilbe Gladstone, and perhaps Grandis and Davidii are all going to find a place in these wet borders. The advantages are two, aside from their finding a congenial home: they will give me bloom in June, just before the iris comes, and the anemones will give me bloom again from September until frost. But almost as important as this, both will give me a pleasant foliage combination with the iris. Well grown Japanese iris are almost too coarse for a small garden, but if we can get a foliage which wall pleasantly relate with the strong verticality of the iris leaves their coarseness will be softened. Therefore, choose compound leaves — those of the spireas have a considerable element of the horizontal because of the way they are carried, and similarly those of the anemone. I am to have Campanula carpatica creep- ing around broad tufts of Primula vulgaris and the single Lychnis viscaria close to the colony of Campanula persicifolia. Both make tufts and the succession of bloom will be good; for it will appear casually as one great colony, only the bloom will be very different at two different times of the year. Then too, there must be a clump of white fraxinella with the deep purple Veronica amethystina near by and perhaps a clump of the large doronicum. White lupine and dark blue iris are to combine. Iris pumila is going to push its way through the fat gray mounds of Dianthus plumarius. Perhaps by autumn I shall have to confess that there have been many summer trans- plantings to give room. But I do not fear. The plants must be had and the only way to have them in a baby garden is to plant three layers deep and manipulate eternally. Planting a Border for the Indian Summer By Robert S. Sturtevant, chuseits LITTLE REALIZED POSSIBILITIES OF FLOWER EFFECTS IN THE LATE FALL AFTER THE EARLY FROSTS HAVE PLAYED HAVOC WITH THE SUMMER FLOWERS Eranthis £r Chry S. terra. cotta irea van Ho of tel i dine V,nca r/Aconitum Celandin/ Wilsoni Chrus. button terra cotta lDelf>hinium bar caerulec Aster Eartancus Boltoma. latisqrami Eranthis bronze Orange Galtoma iandica? /Aster > Wovi-Bel^ae, S. /Hemerajalli ,otta / Thunberaii tf/'Croouj \ £/// \ rt^-uta qrareolem Eranthis . Bolton I a latisquama OranqeV '{ii W/ Ye I low' VTHiSi'cina Pens+emon fctepe' .1, barbatus 'v Dracon- ,5 A s [i / Cerastium Joromcuml t a* l caucasicurrt, f.olc.hicum aV Zb Arte mi si a \ fnqiua Dicen+ra \Crocus '■ e.x i m o. JN. Terra cottaf /I///0/0I// / Iberi s rcfn \ u m dens-cants >hlo* INDIAN SUMMER BORDER BY R. 5. STURTEVANT Frittlar This border is designed for its late season effects with flower color, but also has more or less continuous interest throughout the s Foliage color is especially considered here THE very title seems a contra- diction of terms. Yet a study of plant material discloses much that in foliage or fruit, form or color, may be used effectively. However good the perennials, a suitable background enhances their charm. This background may be very desirably of ever- greens but at present I shall make use of only the commonest of shrubs as they seem more suggestive of unrealized possibilities and may, therefore, be more adaptable to ordinary conditions. I have chosen for the site of the border a shallow bay in the shrubbery, about twenty-five feet long, and not much farther from the living side of the house, yet open to the sun for the major part of the day. It forms a part of an important view throughout the year so that any interest of color, possible at any season, will be appreciated. 18 T II E G ARDEN M A G A Z I N E February, 1 !) 1 3 Background and enframement are the first consideration; Regel’s privet will most satisfactorily fulfil the former condition. This has a much greater distinction of growth than the ordinary hedge privet, a distinction of a more flowing line, more in harmony with the varying growths of the perennials. It remains in good foliage, and the dull, green-purple, autumn color- ing, and black berries form a happy neutral backing. As for the enframement; to the right a group of bridal wreath among which a tall white lilac rises, both, thus late in the year, rather thin of foliage, yet the one, with its thick massed warm colored branches, and the other stark, a study in line, make a pleasing incident; to the left, the depth of shrubbery is deeper; a group of the harsh, gray yucca contrasts with the soft Spiraea Thunbergii and above the now really burning bush (Euonymus europaeus) is a blaze of glory. A successful border is fundamentally the result of the elimination of many species. Often the limits are set beforehand by some especial desire for certain color effect, a certain seasonal display, or perhaps a certain psychological effect upon the beholder. The occupants of this Indian summer plantation must fulfil two requirements, first, one of growth that is agreeable well toward winter, and second, one of situation, in full view throughout the season. This necessarily creates a thickly settled plant community, a two-story tenement where bulbs struggle for outlet among their larger perennial neighbors. The English recipe for garden planting “that each six-inch square should have its growth” shall be fulfilled. This brings about an involved planting plan which will show a correlation, culturally and aesthetically, of individuals of varying habits of growth and bloom. It means care in the preparation of the ground, attention to detail in planting, and, in the beginning, wise weeding. As soon, however, as the plants have covered the ground, suppression of unruly members is the chief requirement. Preparation may be made in late summer or early fall depending upon whether the bulbs or the perennials are first to receive attention, but the latter may also be planted in spring. The ideal is to first plant the bulbs; then the perennials, allow- ing them sufficient time to form good roots before winter sets in. It is, on the other hand, not difficult to dibble in the bulbs through the summer growth of perennials. One partial exception to the comparative permanency of the border’s inhabitants and the consequent need for extra culti- vation is the case of the chrysanthemum. These require slight winter protection, annual division and enrichment, so no bulbs should be put within eight or nine inches of the space set aside for them. With us very few are dependable and so I use the cheery, little, old-fashioned terra- cottas for the mass of color. They are not so entrancing as individuals but do make a lovely drift and hold up their heads well, a natural advantage over the larger pompoms. For brightness use also a few other buttons and try a plant or two of the bigger flowered ones; they are worth while, though not so satisfying in a mixed, herbaceous border. Keep them all on the yellow side of the spectrum in color, in delightful tones of yellow and bronze, orange and brown, some clear, some passing from one shade to another. Chrysanthemums are not the sole late bloomers; Aster tataricus, a tall, coarse grower, does not open its lavender heads until into October; nor does Aconitum Wilsoni, tall also, but with clean cut, glossy foliage, show its characteristic, dark, purple-blue hoods. I would like to add a cer- tain helenium, a seedling ofRivertonBeauty, in color similar to the ordinary autumnale but with more enduring flowers; Crocus sativus, a dull lilac, and C. speciosus in brighter shades varying toward white, may still show color and were just right the first year of planting. Then also a touch of the new hybrid Phlox Arendsii, var. Helene sends forth scattered flowers of lavender, just the tone of the incomparable divari- cata. It is a delightful thing, blooming throughout a long season, and the only one of its group that seems clear in color and does not too greatly resemble a stunted paniculata. There is a large number of plants with practically evergreen foliage which, earlier, may be a mass of bloom. Of these but few are chosen of varying tones — silvery, cottony, bronze, and green. Before writing of these combinations, we must make note of a few plants that should be used rather scatteringly. Earliest of them all comes the yellow winter aconite (Eranthis hyemalis), and but little later the crocus (Largest Yellow), great numbers of them well in the shade of the shrubs and only a detached colony or two intruding into the border proper. The yellow of the crocus will be sparkling above the silver of Artemisia frigida, the metallic Dianthus plumarius or the bronzed Heuchera. Back in more root bound portions of the shrubbery put myrtle; it makes a glistening, evergreen carpet and grows almost too rampantly under adverse conditions; in winter it rises black through the thin snow, in May and sometimes later it is studded with bloom, blue, white, or an objectionable red-violet. Two more plants, though possessed of a troublesome number of seedlings, are, for quite other reasons, worthy of use. Both sweet rocket and celandine are large, early growers which give height and mass when the main elements of effect are low or slender. The former (Hesperis matronalis) comes in white, shading to a nursery cata- logue “pink” — a real magenta — of which the first only is of value for its loose, phlox- like clusters; the latter (Stylophorum), forms a delightfully vivid bush of glaucous, divided foliage, starred with poppy-like flowers of small account. Such tolerants should be kept under the edge of the shrub shadows, for they will endure these con- ditions. Of similar worth will be the yellow May flowering composite Doronicum caucasicum, with its neat, basal leaves. Its gold will create a striking contrast with the paper- white poet’s narcissus, and the intense red with blue-black central spot of the big Tulipa Gesneriana spathulata major. Now also the queer guinea-hen flowers gain in oddity peering through the sharp yucca spikes. Tall yellow tulips (retroflexa) rise above a bank of snowy candytuft while at its edge a tuft of the mossy pink phlox forms with it a bouquet just asking to be gathered. There lies the coral sprayed heuchera, a cloud above the dark hued leaves; beyond, a drift of vase formed flax rises through a mat of the low veronica rupestris which, in May lies a sheet of dark purple-blue. The flax begins in late May. the quaint, slender lady tulip (Clu- siana) peering through its grayed, delicately clothed stems; later the heuchera mist shows out against the gray and blue; and later still the tall coral-hung stalks of pentstcmon leaning toward the light, yield yet another picture. This latter (P. bar- batas, var. Torreyi) is not of proved hardi- hood but the gleaming, shrubby tufts and the four foot graceful flower sprays are most engaging. In it parrot tulips are planted that their oddly flaring blooms may sprawl at will on the dark pentstemon or on the white wooly cerastium. Beauty of foliage is not to be scorned for indeed it is the groundwork of the design. Just as the blossoms of the chry- santhemums dominate in autumn so does the dull, gray green foliage dominate earlier and its grayness should be the key- note, led up to by other minor masses. The light, glaucous gray of the old garden pink lies at the base of the darker, greener rue (Ruta graveolens), which stands clear cut against the even darker, greener mass of chrysanthemum behind. Again the silvered artemesia, shrubby, low spreading, creeps under a gray sage; the light green of Dicentra eximia at the foot of an out- standing clump of chrysanthemums grades up to the high dark mass of aconitum. Here and there gray tulip leaves, flax, and chickweed repeat the tone, binding the whole into one delightful setting for the varicolored flowers. Does all this seem too crowded a com- munity, too involved a process, too difficult of upkeep? It is not any of these. To me, it is the ideal way. Great tulips have, for some years now, appeared through the mat pink which carpets the peony border; narcissus bloom among the shoots of the lovely little Scotch rose; autumn crocus have a setting of green to set off their naked flowers. This is Nature’s way. Although we may lose some of the beauty of a finely grown specimen, we attain equally beautiful results. To be sure, we find one species perhaps too ram- pant, another too intolerant, but such are surprisingly few and each time I see a garden of individuals, each an oasis in a desert of earth, clean cultivated earth at that, I regret the neglected opportunities. Planning Feature Gardens for Special Effects By Stephen F. Hamblin, M assachusetts [Editor’s Note: These suggestions for the treatment of a limited area about the house are prepared by a professional Landscape Designer. In each case a definite area is in mind to keep the problem concrete. It must not be supposed that any of these plans could be actually carried out in any place that you have in mind, but, modified by local circumstances, they will serve as examples of methods of treat- ment, and even in sectional parts may be adapted to fit into larger general treatments. The planting lists are also to be regarded as sug- gestive, the plants named being regarded as types for which others may frequently be substituted according to availability , personal preference, etc.] I. A FORMAL GARDEN FOR FRAGRANCE (See blueprint plan, page 20) THE Fragrance Garden is planned to be a part of a larger formal garden, and the herbs used are mostly subshrubs that will hold their fragrant foliage the seasons through. To plant the beds full enough for immediate effect it will take about a thousand herbs, at a cost of $75 to $100, planted. The cost of construction would be figured with that of the larger garden. Since this garden is supposed to be in a region where box and lavender are hardy, as in the Middle Atlantic States, little snow will cover the beds; so the planting is par- ticularly arranged to be effective all winter. Except for a few herbs whose other charac- ters make them desirable in a sweet-herb garden, the plants hold their foliage through- out the year. Further, the odor of their foliage may be just as strong some sunny day in the middle of winter as when the garden lays full under the summer’s sun. Little emphasis has been put on showy flowers; but many of the herbs have rather small flowers, in shades of pink, lavender, and light blue, which harmonize well with the foliage. In great measure the foliage has a gray-green tone, quiet at all seasons of the year, and the garden might well be called a gray garden. With this main idea of persistent gray- green foliage, and flowers of pale tones, we can arrange our materials in the beds con- sidering particularly their height and foliage textures. As it is easy to get too many fragrances in a garden of this kind we take a dozen well-known herbs that have in general the odor of thyme and lavender. With this fragrance as the centre of interest of the garden we can add other less fragrant but taller-growing herbs to give a more finished garden effect. Only perennial herbs are used, as when once planted the garden is to remain unchanged for years. From its very position the garden is regular in outline, and a rather symmetrical arrangement of the plants is followed, though the two sides of the garden are of similar but not always the same materials. There will be a feeling of repose in this garden, but not monotony nor rigidity, as the herbs will be allowed to grow in their own free way. First to arrange the taller herbs at the back against the wall, and in the corners. Lavender and tarragon balance well, are alike, and yet unlike, and their slender branches show to good advantage against the wall, which is of the softer tones of con- crete or stone rather than brick. In front of these, lower in growth and broader in leaf, more compact in habit, yet not too different, we will place belts of hyssop, rosemary, germander, and hoarhound. These four are wonderfully alike in habit and harmonious in color. In front of these, as edging against the walk, sweet marjoram and common thyme will serve well. As they grow out upon the walk they should be clipped, unless extreme irregularity in the line of the bed is desired. To fill the four corners of the garden such tall fine- leaved herbs as southernwood and Roman worm- wood are chosen ; or if this gives too balanced an effect more rosemary may be put in one of the corners. Against the semicircular wall gas plant and sweet clematis (Clematis Davidiana) will give greater height than the other plants of the garden, a different character of foliage and bright flowers in summer. To hide their fall in autumn, common sage, or other broad-leaved herb with persistent foliage, will face them down. The planting by the arbor takes the peculiar foliage and odor of rue, faced on one side by the narrow leaved lavender cotton, which is evergreen, and on the inside by the broad leaved balm, which has also tfie strong lemon odor. The groups of peppermint and spearmint are of doubtful value in this garden. It seems odd to ex- clude them from a garden of sweet herbs, but they are weedy, die to the ground in autumn, and unless their roots are confined they will spread out into the grass. If we want them w'here we may pinch their leaves as we pass by, perhaps we can put them under the sweet brier roses, and leave open the space that they occupy on the plan, that we may walk close to the sundial. A small sundial, of form suited to the design of the garden, is not inappropriate in a planting of this sort ; but unless set far enough from the arbor to be in full sun dur- ing the middle of the day, perhaps a bird bath or gazing globe would be better. Its base may be planted with the golden leaved variety of mother-of-thyme (Thymus ser- pyllum, var. aureum) instead of grass, in allusion to the old saying that “Time is golden.” It would be quite possible to carpet the whole central panel with mother- of-thyme instead of grass, but that would give too much thyme odor. The arbor should be lightly covered with vines, with merely enough foliage to give a suggestion of shade and coolness in summer. The oldfashioned Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica), rather than Hall’s variety, will give fragrant white flowers in May and June, while the foliage will be effective most of the winter. This must not be allowed to grow too rankly, or the arbor will soon be nothing else. For bloom in autumn the climbing knotweed (Polygo- num Baldschuanicum) will give a fleecy- 19 white mass of fragrant bloom, or the pani- cled Japanese clematis will do as well. Since we are not considering the exterior planting of the garden we merely indicate sweet brier (Rosa rubiginosa), sweet fern (Comptonia asplenifolia) and fragrant su- mac (Rhus aromatica) along the outer side of the arbor to carry out the fragrance idea. II. A SMALL ROSE GARDEN (See blueprint plan, page 20) THIS may be a feature on a large estate terminating an important walk, or as the formal garden in a small lot. The hardy everblooming roses and various ramblers will prolong the season of bloom of the hybrid roses, while single roses of many species, will carry out the rose idea as well as acting as a screen for the garden. Hardy spring bulbs give an early show of bloom and hardy phlox will come on after the rose season is largely passed. These plants may cost from $400 to $500, and the work of construction possibly as much more, de- pending on the existing condition of the grounds and the management of the work. The screen planting of shrubs which ties the garden with the general shrub planting of the estate, and as well gives the garden seclusion from within, is made up of the rose type of shrubs, planned to give a great show of white and pink flowers in June and July, when the garden is at its best, though some of the shrubs, as the flowering rasp- berries under the large flowering dogwoods, that give height to the screen at the north end of the garden, are in bloom most of the summer. The large masses of rugosa roses close the ends of the arbor; these with the hybrids that accompany them will give scattered bloom all summer, and the climb- ing roses and clematis upon the arbors and posts leading from the house will give con- siderable bloom after the season of the gar- den roses is passed. To separate the garden on the sides from the lawn we will try a row of tall posts connected by chains rather than a hedge, and upon these train some of the single-flowered hybrids of Rosa wichuraiana, particularly some of Walsh’s newer hybrids in the lighter shades, to avoid color clashes with the roses in the beds. To frame the walk to the orchard twro pyramidal arborvitaes are introduced, and a group of dwarf Japanese yew at the end of the central panel makes contrast of dark green in summer with the flowers or in winter with the snow; but for the most part the interest is with the show of hybrid roses in June and such display as the everbloomers give later in the season. The Hybrid Perpetualsare arranged some- what regularly in the two outer beds, while the turf panel between them and the walk Rhus T HE G A R D E N M A G AZIN E February, 10 15 /. Dictamnus a /bus G os Plan t 2. Clematis Duridianu Sweet Clemutis 3. So Isia eft \ChokebernA // burnum • Maple. Flowering Crab fiburnam ., Japanest \BorberrL NA TURA L WO 0D5 OAK AND CHESTNUT N A TUR AL WOODS Undergrowth o{ Witch Ha^et Native Undergrowth This planting scheme for an entrance and turn-around will make a general appeal. It has features that may be adopted separately to fit smaller places in whole or in part 2 2 THE GARDEN M A G A Z I N E February, 1915 page 20 ; where a second figure is given it refers to the quantity required. HYBRID PERPETUAL ROSES, 12 EACH 1 . General Jacqueminot 7 . Baron de Bonstettin 2. Mrs. John Laing 8. Margaret Dickson 3. Magna Charta 9. Louis Van Houtte 4. Frau Karl Druschki 10. Captain Christy 5. Paul Neyron 11. Clio 6. Marchioness of London- 12. Soleil d’Or derry HYBRID TEA ROSES, 12 EACH 13. Grass an Teplitz 16. La France 14. Etoile de France 17. Kaiserin Augusta Victoria 15. Mad. Caroline Testout 18. White La France ROSES ON CHAIN FENCE, 4 EACH Hiawatha Minnehaha Delight Wedding Bells Evangeline Snowdrift EVERBLOOMERS 19. 24 Hermosa 24. 12 Maman Cochet 20. 24 Clothilde Soupert 25. 12 White Maman Cochet 21. 12 Perle des Blanches 26. 24 Baby Rambler 22. 12 Coquette des Blanches 27. 24 Baby Dorothy 23. 12 Souv’r de laMalmaison 28. 100 White Baby Rambler CLIMBING ROSES AND VINES 29. 4 Rose Baltimore Belle 36. 4 Rose Excelsa 30. 2 Rose Dawson 37. 2 Clematis lanuginosa Jackmanni 31. 4 Rose Crimson Rambler 38. 2 Clematis lanuginosa Henryi 32. 2 Rose Dorothy Perkins 39. 2 Clematis lanuginosa Ramona 33- 2 Rose White Dorothy 40. 2 Clematis czerulea Duch- Perkins ess of Edinburgh 34- 2 Rose Debutante 41 . 4 Clematis czerulea Miss Bateman 35- 4 Rose Tausendschon TALL HERBS A. Phlox Richard Wallace D. Phlox Le Soliel B. Phlox Independence E. Phlox L’Esperance C. Phlox Miss Lingard F. Phlox Von Hochberg COVER HERBS G. 500 Viola comuta, var. L. i.ooo Galanthus Elwesii alba M. 2,000 Crocus vernus, H. 200 Sedum album var. albus I. 200 Phlox subulata, var. N. 2,000 Scilla sibirica, var. rosea alba J- 200 Phlox subulata, var. P. 500 Colchicum autum- alba nale, var. album K. 500 Heuchera sanguinea III. ENTRANCE PLANTING (See blueprint plan, page 21) A SUGGESTION is here made for the ar- rangement of shrubs about the west side of a country residence and the turn in the en- trance drive. The separate sections of this plan may be utilized for planting much smaller places. The shrubs used are gen- erally well-known sorts, arranged in a na- turalistic way, for screen, show of flowers all summer, and of fruit in autumn. As the house is not occupied after December 15 there is no provision for evergreens. For the area indicated it will take some thousand shrubs that may be planted for approxi- mately $200 depending upon local condi- tions and management. The herb planting may be put in later. The species chosen are all vigorous growers, bushy in habit, and not easily broken by the rough handling that may be expected along a drive that is much used. Further, these shrubs are not too vigorous growers, requiring frequent pruning or heading back, yet they are able to endure the winters of the northern tier of states, or Southern Canada. Each species contributes its part to the continuous procession of flowers, pink and white, from shadbush of May until each is laden with its clusters of characteristic fruits in late summer. We further ex- clude all plants of unusual or striking leafage and take mostly the simple leaf forms of the lilac and viburnum, for quiet effect of fol- iage. Though a screen, it is not a wilderness of tall shrubs. There are two important vistas to be left open, an unbroken lawn lies south from the house, and the main drive passes through a thick wood before it reaches the residence. The elms, sugar maples, and scarlet oaks, shown on the plan, are large trees, either native, or transplanted as large specimens and are not now con- sidered except that they greatly modify our planting. As the drive approaches the house at a steep up-grade and with rather abrupt curves the planting along it must be both kept back some little distance from it, and low enough that careless drivers may see over it. Though wide enough for autos to pass at any point, at the place marked “auto space” the drive is further widened that several machines may be left there to stand. To give a feeling of space here the planting is pushed well back against the wood, and a strip kept in turf. One spec- imen shrub or small tree maybe planted here to break the line of the turf, and yet the area will not seem to be taken up by plant- ing. One of the best varieties of flowering crabapple will represent this kind of a speci- men, though a Judas-tree or flowering dog- wood would do as well. The planting of the oval is particularly to be thought out, as this area is to be viewed from all sides and is directly in front of the main entrance. To give height in the centre, partly screening the drive from the terrace, flowering dogwood and shadbush are chosen, partly on account of their early and showy bloom, but also because they are native to the woods of the region. To strengthen them as a screen, some of the taller refined barberries will give a feeling of defence, while low dense forms, as Wil- son’s barberry and the creeping mahonia, border the abrupt turns in the drive. The barberries are particularly valuable here for their habit of growth, their pleasing leaf and bright fruit, though their fragrant little yellow flowers are not to be forgotten. To fill in at their bases some of the native wild roses are effective in leaf, flower, and fruit, and by their thorns suggest the same pur- pose as barberries. As edging and ground cover no better herb can be found than the Japanese evergreen spurge (Pachysandra terminalis), as it thrives under all conditions of soil and shade. As a second choice we might consider periwinkle (Vinca minor), but it lacks the height of the evergreen spurge. The service end of the house is hidden by tall lilacs, Tartarian honeysuckles, and high- bush cranberries. Each is in a large group by itself, with lower related species, similar but ( different in habit and flower, to face it down. The idea of a defensive screen is carried out by the tall common barberry and the lower Japanese barberry planted with them. Perhaps there is too much of the barberry type of foliage, but the red autumn fruit has made a special appeal to the owners of this home. Along the vistas, under the large trees there are few berry-bearing shrubs that will stand shade conditions so well as the snow- berry and Indian currant. These will make bending masses of red and white berries along the turf, the snowberry in the more open spaces, and the Indian currant under the trees. The western coralberry, a delicate Indian currant in habit of growth, is given the prominent places where it may be admired. The planting back of the auto space against the wood is mostly of the large- leaved native viburnums, an arrangement favored by the existing viburnums that make the undergrowth of the wood. Across the drive, the undergrowth is mostly witch- hazel, and this fact suggests that other yellow-flowering shrubs may be grouped on this side of the drive, particularly a group of forsythia, to give its early show of yellow bells where the drive emerges from the wood. After their bloom is passed their foliage has a family resemblance to the privets and lilacs, and even to the white fringe that gives the airy whiteness of the shadbush in late spring, but in fruit hangs its blue drupes like its neighbor, the nannyberry. The elder that borders the drive through the wood may be a continuation of natural plantings further back along the drive as it passes through the meadows near the en- trance at the main road. Other groups of shrubs that are introduced on the plan bear some real or fancied resem- blance to or difference from those about them. The three or four main types of shrubs (lilac, barberry, honeysuckle, vibur- num) being arranged, these details may be infinitely varied. The brick of the terrace wall may be partly covered by the evergreen euonymus, the common form where the drive is near to the wall, and the fruiting form (var. vegetus) where there is room for its spread- ing twigs to carry their load of scarlet fruits. Boston ivy will help the lilacs to mask the service end of the house, but if that is not reliably hardy, then Engelmann’s creeper, as suggested for the wall of the service yard, will serve the same purpose. On the porte cochere some vines with not too heavy foliage will be most in keeping. Akebia or clematis (white-flowered species) will appropriately twine up the posts by the steps, while wisteria may drape the structure itself. IV. A GARDEN OF DWARF SHRUBS (See blueprint plan, page 24) rp'HIS may represent the semi-formal A feature of a small place, planned as a part of the living lawn near the house terrace or piazza. Instead of herbs the lower, rarer shrubs are used, chosen for their habit, flowers, and fruit. Unless the site were unfavorable for garden operations the soil could be made ready for $200 to $300, but the plants themselves, from reliable sources, could not be bought for less than $800, a February, 1915 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 23 the evergreen shrubs should cost about a dollar apiece. Were other low shrubs, as dwarf spireas and deutzias, substituted for these the cost of garden material could be reduced to perhaps $300, but many of those sorts now named are still not common in nurseries, and can be obtained only with difficulty. The planting serves two purposes; it partly separates a definite area of turf from the main lawn, and gives a show of color, particularly pink and white, through the spring and summer months. The planting itself is of two parts — that which frames the lawn near the terrace, and the more densely planted area which terminates the garden as seen from the house. As we suppose the ground rises gently from the house in the direction in which this garden is built the only really tall shrubs which we use are those at the end of the garden, though others are suggested on both sides of the garden, extending beyond the region we are now considering. First, as to the planting about the en- closed lawn, from the terrace wall to the first cross walk. Some of the new low- growing species of barberries have made an appeal to us; two large groups of them are suggested at the end of the play lawn and a mass of them against the terrace wall. They will be pleasing at all seasons of the year, and will stand the wear of children playing about them, yet they are not tall enough to catch clothing. You may have a feeling that there should be something between these two plantings to break the expanse of turf, but there is not room for masses of shrubs and children. If you wish an evergreen or two to look at in winter perhaps a tiny Japanese yew (Taxus cuspi- data, var. brevifolia) will satisfy you; but you may at length decide that even a pair of them look lost in the grass and so move them elsewhere. A pair of low trees, as some of the flower- ing apples, will give a bit of shade and color and not take too much room. I have sug- gested Sargent’s crab (Malus Sargentiae) as it does not grow very high nor widely enough to interfere with the simple games of the children. The roses, and other shrubs that accompany the barberries at the terrace carry out the same color and form of flower as the apples, and are low, dense, and self-protecting in habit. The planting along the sides of the little lawn is, on the inner side, in the shape of an informal low hedge, of low dense growth, simple foliage, and showy simple flowers. Two similar dwarf shrubs could be used instead of those indicated — say Deutzia gracilis and Kerria japonica, if you wanted the yellow of the kerria. Beyond the low hedge are irregular groups of other low shrubs which will bloom in midsummer. Again, any low shrubs of neat habit and pleasing flowers may be used. The centre of interest is the rectangular beds beyond the play lawn. This area is enclosed by shrubs of an evergreen character whose flowers are pink or white and appear early in the season. The soil I have sup- posed favorable for heaths, so many of the low-growing rhododendrons and their kin will make a grand display in early spring. If the soil is unsuited, or their initial cost and care too great an item for this planting, a group of the low summer-blooming spireas would put the interest in this part of the garden later in the season. There should be some ground cover — nothing is better than periwinkle (Vinca minor). The terminus of the garden may be a tall group of junipers (or arborvitae) with some of their lower relatives as edging. Between these a group of the tender autumn-bloom- ing shrubs (Vitex, Buddleia, Elsholtzia) will be particularly effective in September, in shades of lavender, and they can be made to endure our winters at least as far north as Chicago. The four rectangular beds have each a particular type of plant on exhibition. One (No. 48-51) bears yellow pea-blossoms in midsummer; a second (No. 44-47) the fra- grant little pink flowers of Daphne in May; another (No. 40-43) displays the horizontal habit, tiny flowers and fruit of the low co- toneasters; the fourth (No. 36-39) shows dwarf Japanese azaleas in a mass of rose- purple in spring. And each bed has its charm in winter as well. The gazing-globe, which represents the focus of the garden, should be set off by evergreen foliage, as suggested by dwarf Japanese holly (Ilex crenata, var. nana), heather (Calluna vul- garis), and woolly thyme (Thymus Serpyl- lum, var. lanuginosus) at its base. PLANTING No. Name. 1. Tavus cuspidata, var.. LIST Size Quan- tity Distance apart brevifolia 2. Junipems virginiana, var. 18-24 in. 6 2 ft. Schottii 3. Juniperus sabina, var. 4-5 ft. 20 3 ft. tamariscifolia .... 4. Juniperus sinensis, var. 18-24 in. IO 2 ft. procumbens .... 5. Thuya occidentalis, var. 18-24 in. 20 2 ft. Little Gem .... 12-18 in. 25 12 in. 6. Malus Sargentiae 2-2 £ ft. 2 specimen 7 . Prunus sinensis, 11. pi. . lJ-2 ft. 20 2 ft. 8 . Berberis dictyophylla 9. Buddleia variabilis, var. lJ-2 ft. 65 2 ft. magnifica 2-3 ft. 20 3 ft. 10. Elsholtzia Stauntonii l\~2 ft. 12 3 ft. 1 1 . Calluna vulgaris .... 15-18 in. 40 12 in. 12. Vitex incisa 1 5-2 ft. 25 3 ft. 13. Rhododendron ferrugineum 15-18 in. 15 2 ft. 14. Rhododendron hirsutum 15-18 in. IO 2 ft. IS- Rhododendron arbutifolium 18-24 in. 12 3 ft. 16. Rhododendron myrtifolium 18-24 in. 31 2-3 ft. 17. Ilex crenata, var., nana 2-25 ft. 120 2 ft. 18. Pieris floribunda. 15-18 in. 27 2-21 ft. 19 . Pieris japonica .... 15-18 in. 35 2-3 ft. 20. Leucothoe Catesbtei 18-24 in. 25 3 ft. 21. Leucothoe axillaris . 18-24 in. 22 3 ft. 22. Spirtca Bumalda. 18-24 in. 120 2 ft. 23. Philadelphus microphyllus 24. Kerria japonica, var. 2-2 j ft. 80 2 ft. variegata . . . 18-24 in. 15 2 ft. 25. Lespedeza Sieboldii 3 yr. 40 2 ft. 26 . Lespedeza bicolor 27. Chaenomeles (Cydonia) 3 yr- 3° 2 ft. Maulei . . 28. Chaenomeles Maulei, var. 18-24 in. 10 2 ft. alba 18-24 in. 8 2 ft. 29 . Berberis Wilsonae 12-15 in. IO 2 ft. 30. Berberis buxifolia 15-18 in. 30 2I ft. 31. Berberis stenophylla 18-24 in. 18 2-3 ft. 32. Berberis concinna t8»-24 in. 20 2-3 ft. 33 . Ceanothus hybridus 12-18 in. 35 2-3 ft. 34. Caryopteris Mastacanthus 12-15 in. 30 25-3 ft. 35. Itea virginica .... 12-18 in. 20 2-3 ft. 36. Rhododendron amcenum . 37. Rhododendron amcenum, 18-24 in. 20 2 ft. var. obtusum .... 18-24 in. 20 2 ft. 38. Rhododendron Kaempferi . 39. Rhododendron rosmarini- 18-24 in. 40 2, ft. folium 15-18 in. 25 2 ft. 40. Cotoneaster horizontalis 12-15 in. 25 2 ft. 41. Cotoneaster adpressa . 12-18 in. 25 2 ft. 42. Cotoneaster rotundifolia 12-15 in. 25 2 ft. 43 . Cotoneaster microphylla 12-15 in. 25 2 ft. 44. Daphne mezereum . 45. Daphne mezereum, var. 18-24 in. 20 2 ft. album 18-24 in. 20 2 ft. 46 . Daphne Blagayana . 12-15 in. 60 ij ft. 47. Daphne Cneorum . 12-15 in. 50 1 5 ft. 48. Genista tinctoria 24-30 in. 25 2 ft. 49 . Coronilla emerus 18-24 in. 15 i j ft. 50. Cytisus scoparius 18-24 in. 50 2 ft. 51. Cytisus capitatus 12-18 in. 13 I5 ft. 52. Lonicera spinosa 12-18 in. 20 2 ft. 53 . Rosa spinosissima . 12-18 in. 40 2 ft. 54. Vinca minor 55. Thymus Serpyllum, var. 2 yr. 2,000 6 in. lanuginosus .... 2 yr. 200 6 in. Evergreens as a Screen on a Hillside Site By W. H. Richie, L"”fa.pI*£'n"' [Editor’s Note: The plan accompanying this article ( see page 24) shows an average suburban site in which the problems of (1) mak- ing a garden to fit the house, (2) screening from surroundings were dominant. Such conditions are not at all unusual and the free use of ever- greens is always advisable for such a case quite apart from any considerations of their own richness of color and beauty of form.] THE accompanying planting plan shows the layout of a moderate sized suburban property in the vicinity of Philadelphia. The extent of the property as shown is 200 ft. along the street, with a depth of 165 ft. The hillside slopes to the south with a drop of about 25 ft., or a 15 per cent, grade. The architects designed a Dutch Colonial house, facing west, with a roomy southern porch and a service wing to the northeast. This arrangement gives an ideal plan, with southwest living room and a southeast dining room, both of which command a good view over the valley. The first floor is about seven feet below the sidewalk — but the driveway is not too steep for traffic, and though the turn- around seems large for the place, sixty feet is not too great a diameter in these days of long automobiles. The general layout of the grounds — the drive, the paths, terraces and drying yard — was ail determined with the house plan by the architects. The hill was terraced, so that surface drainage was taken care of, and so that level lawns were available for a drying yard and a play- house: terrace T H E G A R D E N M AGAZIN E February, 1915 24 [y/777/] NOTE: The firsT numotr ind/cc/tes the. type of plant as shown on the planting list; the second the quant/ tip in the hed Shrubs CROQUET LAWN. Planting plan for a garden in which flowering shrubs are chiefly featured. It has the advantage of permanency with continuous and changing interest at all seasons. The specilicat ions are given on page 23. S. F Hamblin, Designer W Planting- jw ■ ) • Jor- a- ^Hillside- Property* ■ Evergreens 3*C-No Variety- 5ec Tto Variety 1 • 1 • Pine- Austrian \z 3 Pine-5tN»i5 Jit'n Z-4 " White 13 3 " Mugho 3 • 2 ■ Spruce- Douglass- 14 10 Retmospora m -Variety -4 '5- " • Norway 15 4 Yew Japanese 5 ■ 5 " -Oriental- It- 7- Arb<*r Vitae in Var 4> - 13 " -Hemlock- 17- *• Juniper • D*»arf m-thr 7 l Fir - T^orJman- 18-8 Bo< Globe &P*jratn 6 1 " • Concolor- 19 4 MaKoma & 1 ley- C*en 9- 1 *' • Cepha toman 20 *o Azalea tfioocWge«i. 10- 1 VeitcVies 21'*- Luonymoub Japomca ill- I •• Frazer's- 22-24 RboJo<3encl»On Hybr • D ec \ d vo os- Plan ts 23 -3 Cornws • ^loridus 44-12- Cornus • 5ib 5an 79a* F^r^ure* 29 5 Cornua- p. -1-V«r- rubr-ao-5- Cere is Canadensis 30 7 Symphoeicarpus r*< 31 I- E-Xockordd ^raml'ifl 31 ft C>*<-berris- Thur,brrgi32 S Rhus ■ ty l»"ia- etc 32-12- Lustrum J?«ge l/an«.»i 53-U Wyc1ra*->g- 3t 3 Aralie -p«nta pbyllo 37 7 Berber ris Tbunncrg’u 37 > C emus floricta 38 '50- Pere ooiai.3 in Variety 3* 3 Lon'.cero j ro grant 1 38- C Y/e«gc)a ■ earn* & L Ralli 39 3- Deutzia PofRoch- bo S Vi burn p/ici Philad cer- -40 3 Acer Tartar Gin tl S’ Spirca _A1 10- Stjrin 30 in Variety fcZ- 7- F©c**j-»hi« suspvnca _42- 3 QxycWnJr Arbor- t3 3 .Ptfulxia l_*meinei 43 I Cr.itecgos.Corclala t4-> Ace» lap in V«)r In this garden evergreens are featured because they give effects in the winter as well as in the summer. The taller kinds are used to give permanent screen. W. H. Richie, Designer. See page 23 February, 1915 T H E G A R 1) E N M A G A Z I N E 25 ground, as well as a fairly level platform for the house to rest upon. The latter was especially desirable for a colonial house. The landscape designer was called in after all this was graded and the lawn well established. The client desired to have a planting scheme which would recognize the following conditions: The owner of this property lived across the street to the northwest and did not wish his view of the valley obstructed in any way by the planting upon the new place — not even by a hedge. He wished to give the house a good setting and also insure privacy to the service quarters. A semi-pri- vate lane along the eastern boundary had to be screened, and the service path to the kitchen door should be as private as possible. A plantation was needed between the driveway turn- around and the top of the second ter- race, so that traffic would apparently be kept from sliding off down the bank. And yet plants must be used which would not grow too tall or those which would stand shearing or careful pruning. Shade was very much needed on the southwest corner of the house. In order to obtain this quickly, three trees were planted quite close together — using trees of a fan-shaped type, so that neither the view nor the summer breeze would be ob- structed. The elm will probably be re- tained as the per- manent tree. Another requisite was to enhance, if possible, the south- ern view over Jersey farm land. The plan shows how the cen- tral section of the boundary was ! left open, and the wild cherry trees which were already grow- ing just beyond the boundary line were reinforced with specimen ever- greens. A grove of fir trees was planted in the southwest corner, so as to ulti- mately break the skyline here and concentrate one’s at- tention on the best part of the view — toward two distant hills. This grove is balanced by pines in the southeast corner. The drying yard was bounded on two sides by retaining walls; along the top of each wall some planting of a defensive nature was necessary to keep one from walk- ing over the edge. These were the most important planting problems to be considered, and the manner in which they were solved will be apparent after a study of the plan and the horticul- tural specifications. The proper screening of the eastern boun- dary was of great importance, not only for the sake of privacy from the daily traffic up and down the lane, but so that the neighbor to the eastward should not have to look right into the kitchen door. As the residence is for occupation throughout the year, it seemed neces- sary to use evergreens of a dense bushy growth for the backbone of the plant- ation. In fifteen or twenty years, these specimens, though planted about twelve to fifteen feet apart, should make a dense and compact screen, and because of their variety, a very pleasing composi- tion in color and texture should result. Hemlock spruce, because of its long life and graceful, feathery foliage, is used in the main, with Oriental and Douglas spruces for accents in the border. A few Norway spruce, because of their fast growth and low cost were used as fillers in temporary positions. For the sake of immediate screen- ing a large number of small trees and shrubs have been used in among the spruces. The key to the plan gives the names and number of plants used in the various sections of the plantations. White dogwoods for their early flowering and autumn red berries; Oxyden- drum or sorrel tree for its interesting “ lily-of- the- valley ” flower and wonder- ful crimson autumn foliage; the dwarf Tartarian maple, for its beautiful dense and persistent foli- age; the cordata or Washington haw- thorn for its color and fruit, as well as giving more height to the plantation ; and a good assort- ment of lilacs for their flowers are used along the eastern boundary. The Cornus family is re- presented by several species: the san- guinea and Siberian for their red bark, which is especially interesting in fall and wi n ter ; the s tolo- nifera aurea for its contrasting yellow bark, as an accent where such is needed ; and the pan- iculata and mascula for their white and red berries respectively. A few other trees not listed in the key — such as Ailanthus glandulosa, Aralia japon- ica and Amelanchier canadensis — are used as temporary accents. A well balanced fruit garden for the average surburban lot, on a space 60 x 50 ft. (See page 26) On an acre a very practical fruit garden can be established. Small fruits are here allowed to occupy about one half the area. References; A, apple; B, pear; C, cherry; D. peach; E, quince; F, blackberries; G, raspberries; H. goose- berries; K. currants; M, strawberries; N, grapes; O, plums; P, driveway. (Plans by J. R. Mattem. See page 26) 26 THE GARDEN MAGAZIN E February, 1915 The plantation screening the service wing from the street is of similar material, so as to preserve unity but a few of the plants are of higher horticultural value. In the shade of the house, a large bed of rhododendrons helps to soften the lines of the building, as well as giving a pleasing finish to the plantation. The dwarf Japanese maples, in variety of color and texture, with specimen ever- greens, give accent to the front of the house and evergreen boxwood at the entrance step is in harmony with the Colonial design. The rest of the planting is very simple in character, and no effort is made to make a show or in any way to detract from the beauty of the architecture. The sun-dial and herbaceous garden in the turn around give enough formality to complete the picture. Low growing evergreens can be used effectively in restricted spaces and are in character throughout the year (Ilex crenata and Taxus cuspidata) In formal gardens for summer enjoyment use annuals and perennials freely to give masses of color. Use high growing plants as accents and vines on posts Planning a Fruit Garden to Fit — By J. R. Mattern, Pevnan„7a' (See Planting Plans on page 25) [Editor’s Note: The layout of a fruit garden offers little opportunity for variety of design. The chief purpose in this case is to get the best actual returns with a minimum of labor. The available area will largely determine what kinds and the region governing largely the varieties. Mr. Mattern makes recommendations from the viewpoint of home quality in the region where there are most homes.] YOU want as many different fruits as possible, within the limits set by your climate — in the middle climatic belt you should plant at least twelve kinds, as listed in the speci- fications for the planting plans given here. The varieties should be those suited to your locality; and, of course, of the highest quality and suited to the different household purposes, such as canning, eating, raw, etc. Divide the available space in your garden among the fruits according to your food needs and your personal preferences. De- termine how many plants or trees of each kind to set by considering how much of each kind of fruit you can use, and how much of your garden room each will occupy when spaced properly. Vegetables may be grown between the apple, peach, and pear trees, and even between the gooseberry and currant bushes. You cultivate the fruit while taking care of the vegetables. Plan to set your fruit in the spring, say in March or April. The first half of May will do better than to wait till fall if you find yourself getting late with the plans. In arranging the different fruits in your garden, attention should be given to convenience of cultivating and harvesting, to economy of space, to sun, shade and prevailing wind, and to beauty of effect. If planned carefully your fruit garden will make a decided addition to the beauty of your landscape plan. I like to place the tallest growing trees toward the west, and at the “back” of the garden, if possible. This means away from the house. Then, nearer, successively, I like ' to plant the lower fruits till at our feet, next the house, is the strawberry bed. A garden built like this is like an arena, and easily can be given the Japanese effects if you like them. Standard apple trees are the tallest trees, followed by sweet cherry trees, pear, and peach, in order. When dwarf pears and apples are used, the cherry and peach trees are the largest you will have, and even plum and quince trees will be larger than the little apple and pear trees. Blackberries grow larger than raspberries, and gooseberries usually are larger than currants. Pears get along best with little or no cul- tivation (dwarfs excepted), while peaches must be cultivated. This may make a difference in the most desirable position for each of these fruits in your garden. The shape of your garden, and its slope also will modify the arrangement best to use. A steep garden might look best and be best with the tallest fruits at the bottom, ap- parently flattening the grade, or it might look best with the tall fruits at the top of the hill, accentuating the steepness. These points are for your decision, after all due deliberation and meditation. The planting plans printed on page 25 are arranged, you will note, to make square or nearly square gardens. The specification tables give the number of square feet to allow for each fruit, as well as the distance between the trees or plants, in order to make easy the necessary alterations for dif- ferent shaped gardens. These planting plans are made for the middle belt of states — New Jersey, Pennsylvania, New York, Ohio, Illinois, Iowa, etc. For localities farther north or farther south certain different selec- tions should be made, as has been explained during the past year in The Garden Mag- azine, and will be touched upon in detail from time to time during the coming months. Plan for a cinder path or road through your fruit garden. You will want to walk there and take your friends there, and the days will not all be bright and dry. SPECIFICATIONS No. Average Total Amount trees or dist. sq. ft. fruit plants apart Ft. 30 18 9,720 180 bu. 10 16 2,560 200 qts. 10 12 x 18 2,160 10 bu. 10 12 1,440 20 doz. 40 12 5,760 15 bu. 15 12 2,160 8 bu. 100 5 2,500 200 qts. 25 4 400 100 qts. 20 8 x 16 3,840 160 lbs. 300 615 600 qts. 8 x 650 5,000 ONE ACRE FRUIT GARDEN Apple Cherry Pear Quince Peach Plum Gooseberry . Currant Grapes Strawberries . . . . Road AVERAGE SUBURBAN FRUIT GARDEN, 50 X 60 FEET Fruit. No. Average Total Amount trees or dist. sq. ft. fruit plants apart Ft Apple (dwf.) . . . 8 8 576 IS bu. Pear (dwf.) . . . 2 8 128 2 bu. Peach . . 4 12 576 2 bu. Cherry . . 2 18 648 40 qts. Plum .... . . 4 9 324 50 qts. Quince . . 1 8 64 2 doz. Currant . . . 4 4 64 16 qts. Gooseberry . . . 6 4 96 3° qts. Strawberry . . . 100 i* 225 200 qts. Blackberry . . . 4 4x8 128 20 qts. Raspberry . . 8 4 128 20 qts. Grapes . . 4 4x8 192 32 lbs. IS YOUR seed order placed? Before all else make out the list of your requirements and get ready for the spring work. Place nursery orders too. S tudy the planting tables on pages 30 and 31 of this number and figure out your needs. Then read over again the „ , . . , practical articles in Early VeSetable £ Ja Gar. Seed Sowing den "Magazine. Seed sowing should be the watch word for this month. If you want quality as well as quantity in the vegetable garden start sowing seed indoors or in a hotbed now. To those who usually start gardening in May this may seem early, but plants started now usually escape the summer drought and always produce better results. French globe artichoke, started early this month, and kept potted as required, will produce heads this summer. Cabbage and cauliflower sown the latter part of February can be transferred to flats or to a frame when large enough. These will be ready for the table early in June. Celery started now will be ready for use in July, these are best handled in flats when they are large enough to dibble off. Egg-plant and peppers should be sown the latter part of February and carried along in pots. Onions sown in flats and later dibbled into other boxes where they have more space, will rival in size the finest Bermudas, and as they are very mild and even excel in quality. Leeks may be handled exactly like onions. Lettuce should be sown the latter part of this month; a small pan is sufficient to produce all the plants required. Transplant the young seedlings to flats when large enough to handle. Place them in a coldframe later on so as to harden them off before planting outdoors. A flat of parsley started late this month will be ready for planting in the garden much earlier than you can start seeds outdoors. Just sow the seed very thinly, and when the seedlings are fairly large place the flat in the frame to harden off. If (you have room in a frame where you have a heating pipe or a solid bench in the greenhouse try a few of the English kidney potatoes. They force well and are most delicious. Tomatoes for growing outdoors should be started the latter part of this month; they can be carried along in pots or can be handled in boxes. Pots, of course, pro- duce the better plants but take up con- siderably more space. THERE is a number of flowers to be started this month if you want good stocky plants for setting out. Ageratum, if wanted from seeds must be started now; also sow snapdragons. Both can be handled in flats. The first crop of asters should be sown Getting Ready for n0W; ^ make tOG Early Flowers THE MONTH'S REMINDER COMPILED WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE HOME GARDEN. FROM THE TEN YEARS’ DIARIES OF A PRACTICAL EXPERT GARDENER For reckoning dates, the latitude of New York City is generally taken as a standard. In applying the directions to other localities, allow six days’ difference for every hundred miles of latitude in the greenhouse must be started now. They should be grown on in pots, repotting them from time to time as occasion requires. Have you ever grown the orna- mental grasses? They are some of our most decorative plants, and can be sown in flats now and when large enough potted off in small clumpsinto 4-inch pots. Later on they will lend a picturesque character to the garden. Plants for Summer Beds START petunias and heliotrope so as to have good sized, stocky plants for setting out. Lobelia for bedding should be sown now, the entire patch wanted should all be started at one time to insure a uniform size. A flower garden without a bed of pansies or forget-me-nots seems to lack atmosphere; these should be started from seed now, in flats. Sow salpiglossis, salvia, and sca- biosa; you will have plants by bedding out time that are capable of producing flowers all summer. If you want quality sweet peas in your garden sow now in 4-inch pots. Put about four seeds in each pot; later on these can be thinned out to one. These young plants should be grown very cool, and placed in a coldframe just as soon as they show growth. The Scotch pansies or violas are far too little known although they are easy to grow. Get some seed and try them this year. Verbena seed started now will give good sized plants for setting out for summer flowers. rJ''HE secret of Set some seakale roots and force like rhubarb or aspara- gus in any warm dark corner. Roots may be dug from the garden or bought from the seedsmen Soil for Seed Sowing large a sowing as this plant flowers in crops sow now is for early Prune the berry and bush fruits so as to leave only productive wood; and tie up to stakes, etc. and what seed you flowers only. The seed of bedding begonia is very small and must be handled carefully. The tuberous type excellent for flowering in a shaded border, and which is ofttimes used in pots, may also be sown now. This is the time also for the bedding type of carnations and sweet Williams. These are usually handled in flats. The different types of celosia can now be sown; this is a very peculiar plant and should be handled in pots to produce the best results. Primulas and cvclamen for use next winter •ting seeds lies in having an open soil that admits air and water, yet does not become suddenly dry. An ideal soil for seed sowing is composed of equal parts loam and leaf- mold with about one eighth good sharp sand added to keep it open. This is mixed and sifted. Always sift the soil to be used. To allow for drainage, the pots, pans or boxes used for sowing should have about one inch of drainage placed in the bottom, composed of broken pots (crocks), cinders, stones, clam or oyster shells — or anything of that nature. Place about one half inch of sphagnum moss over the drainage material to keep the soil from running down; over this put some rough lumps from the soil screenings; then about two inches of soil over this. Pack firmly and smooth off the top for sowing. Be sure to firm the soil well as loose soil stays wet when watered and is the cause of “damping off.” TTHIS is the time to give the palms a good overhauling. All the plants that need repotting should have larger pots; where it is not possible to do this as much top soil as possible should be scraped out of the pot and a good rich mixture substituted. Stove plants and ornamentals in the house should also be handled in the same way. If you haven’t already applied a mulch to the carnations do so at once. The plants are growing rapidly at this time of year and should be disbudded regularly. BEDDING plants that are to be pro- pagated next month (such as coleus, geranium, alternanthera, etc.), must be started into growth so as to produce plenty of stock. If there is any danger of being short on the stock all Plants in Greenhouse Start Bedding Plants This geranium has been cut back and started to supply cuttings for this year’s plants. Now’s the time 27 28 T H E G A R D E N M A GAZIN E February, 1915 available cuttings should be taken and potted now and they can be topped again next month. DECORATIVE plants of various kinds that have lost their lower leaves and are unsightly, or which you desire to propa- gate, should be attended to at this time. It is very interesting work. A cut is made about half way through where the new plant T in Tall *s f^es*re<^ to start from; the stem, this is bound Plants around with sphagnum moss and raffia. A flower pot which has been cut in two lengthwise is placed around the moss so that when the roots start out they will be in the flower pot. Fill the pot with good soil. The cut must be kept well moistened until the plant is well rooted in the pot. The plant of course, must be thoroughly staked or the top will break off; after it is well rooted the stem can be sawed off just below the flower pot. Rubber plants, dracaena, aralia, dieffenbachia or anything of a like nature can be handled this way. WHILE the ground is still frozen have the manure spread over both flower and vegetable gardens. The usual procedure is to leave this until you actually must have it and then the ground is soft and paths and borders get cut up. Late this month you Garden and can s^art pruning fruit trees. This refers to Grounds young stock that requires spring pruning or the removal of all dead or superfluous wood on the trees that are bearing. CANE fruits such as blackberries, and raspberries can be gone over and pruned back late this month. Grapes that were not pruned last fall should be attended to at p . once. The grape fruits on new growth from last Fruits years canes. Any wood older than that is useless. This is a good time to give a good cleaning to the ornamental trees and shrubs on your place. All the foliage plants can be pruned now with the exception of the maple. Flowering shrubs that flower on new wood should be pruned now, such as hydrangea, roses, Bumalda type of spirea, also all young stock that is wanted to produce growth rather than flower. MAKE a resolution this year, at all events, if you have never done it before, to do all your gardening on definite plans. It will pay finally to carefully plan out on paper even the very smallest of Gardens. The various blue prints given elsewhere in this issue will help Garden y°u to UP ideas that will suit your particular Plans requirements. You may be able to adopt them bodily but more likely you will be able to use only a small portion of some one or other of the plans, perhaps modifying that somewhat to suit. There is an interesting little toy which has miniature gardens and standup plants, movable blocks and cutouts of trees, shrubs, etc., with model houses. These are instructive in helping you to group and visualize the planting ideas. Growing Exhibition Quality Sweet Peas • By William Gray, S THE WINNER OF THE CHALLENGE CUP AND OF “THE GARDEN MAGAZINE” ACHIEVEMENT MEDAL AT THE SWEET PEA SOCIETY’S SHOW LAST YEAR TELLS SIMPLY AND PLAINLY JUST HOW HE PRODUCED THE SENSATIONAL FLOWERS THAT WON THOSE HIGH HONORS SOW seed the early part of Febru- ary or even in the latter part of January — the flowers shown by me and which won the challenge cup at the Sweet Pea Society’s show in New York last year were from seed sown January 25th. I sow the seed in pans or flats in a light compost com- posed of loam, leafmold and sand making the compost quite moist so that very little water- ing is neccessary until after germination has taken place. The pans or flats are plac- ed in a frame which has a hot water pipe running around it, keeping the tem- perature about 40 degrees on cold nights. As soon as the seedlings have pushed above ground and before the tap-root gets to be more than an inch to an inch and a half long the seedlings are dibbled off into 35-inch pots, one plant in a pot, in a much richer compost than that in which they were sown, com- posed of two parts loam, one part well- rotted cow manure with the addition of a sprink- ling of bone meal. A piece of crock is placed in the bottom of each pot to provide drainage and prevent the tap-root from coming through. The pots are placed in the frame and carefully watered for a week or so. As they become established in the pots watering can be done freely and air given gener- ously on all favorable occasions, and as the season advances the sash is re- moved entirely during mild spells, the aim being to have the plants as hardy as possible to insure early planting to the open ground. Codfiling is fatal to success as it results in prematurely starting the i„~ *■ base growths and making the plants weak. A little heat, however, is beneficial in the first stage to assist germin- ation, especially in the case of white seeded varieties which are inclined to rot under too damp and cold conditions. If you do not happen to have a heated frame or a greenhouse, you could make up a mild hotbed to carry the plants through this stage; but, once the seedlings are potted off, a well protected coldframe from which frost can be ex- cluded is ideal. Even should frost penetrate on a cold night no harm will result if the young plants are kept shaded until thawed out. I prefer the method of sow- ing in pans to sowing directly in the pot, as in the subsequent handling all inferior looking seedlings can be discarded and Mr. Gray’s champion display of out-door grown sweet peas shown at the New York Exhibition of the American Sweet Pea Society. New York, 1914. The flowers are exception- ally large and the stems long and stout. February, 1 !> 1 5 T II E 2!) G A R 1) E N M A G AZIN E \ - the young plants are benefited by the change to fresh material. If carefully handled no loss will ensue. PLANTING OUT A well drained piece of ground, sheltered to some ex- tent from the strong cold winds of early spring should be chosen. Good results can be had by preparing the ground in the spring using well rotted manure along with bone and wood ashes and taking care to firm the ground well as trench- ing proceeds, but where pos- sible preparations should be laid in the fall by trenching to a depth of two and one- half to three feet, thoroughly enriching (especially in the two lower feet) with manure, bone and wood ashes. At this season the same procedure should be followed, of course, where preparations have not already- been made. Although a laborious operation it pays to trench the whole ground rather than only that portion where the row is to be planted, as the larger the body of trenched soil, the better the moisture will be retained. Where only one row is to be planted the trenching should be done at least four feet wide the length of the row. Either horse or cow manure can be used but a mixture of equal parts of each is superior to either used alone. Garden refuse, clippings from lawns, edgings from walks, etc., are valuable for digging into the subsoil to improve it. In the vicinity of Newport, R. I., planting out is done about the middle of April. If the plants have been well hardened, no harm will result even though frosts should be experienced after planting out. After digging the ground over a light dressing of super-phosphate worked into the surface when raking off will prove beneficial in giving the plants a good start. I prefer to plant in double rows, one foot between the rows and six to eighteen inches between the plants, with at least six feet between each double row. Slightly hollow the ground where the rows come, before planting, to se- cure a water catch. The distance between the plants is deter- mined by the strength of growth of the variety to be planted . Strong growers „ from which Some growers start several seeds in .. , a pot and thin out to one or four three shootS to and transplant later the plant are The ideal in sweet pea culture. Flowers this size are possible under high cultivation taken up require H eighteen inches; medium growers H from which two shoots are taken up, twelve inches; and weak grow- ers from which one shoot is taken, six inches. Remove the crock and disentangle the roots to some extent on planting and firm the ground well about the young plants on setting out. Varieties inclined to scald or lose color should be planted together to facilitate shading with cheese cloth when in bloom. Place short brush about the plants and if the position is an exposed one a windbreak of some kind had better be erected to shield the plants from the strong winds of early spring. Keeping the ground cultivated about the young plants will be all the atten- tion required until they reach a height of a foot or so and staking will have to be con- sidered. IMPORTANCE OF STAKING Having tried out the English system of training to bamboo stakes I can with con- fidence recommend it as superior to all others for growing prize sweet peas. Strong stakes are driven in at the ends of each row and at intervals between if the row is a long one. An eighteen-inch cross piece is nailed a foot from the ground, a twelve-inch strip half way to the top and a six-inch one at the top of each stake. The stakes should stand about eight feet clear of the ground and be braced in some manner to stand the strain of wires stretched taut lengthwise of the row and fastened to the ends of the cross pieces. Bamboo stakes eight to ten feet long are fastened to the wires spaced six inches apart, and to these the shoots of the sweet peas are tied, one shoot to each bamboo stake. All the shoots should be allowed to grow until they have reached a height of a foot or so, when the strongest should be chosen for tying in, all the rest being re- moved. Later breaks coming from the bottom, and all side growths irom the leader are pinched out. The ten- drils are best nipped off in the young state, as if allowed to grow they cause considerable trouble through clinging to the growths and the stems of the flowers. Tying in will have to be attended to about once a week, raffia being best for that purpose. Be careful not to tie too tightly as in this system of culture the vine develops to quite a large size. WATERING AND FEEDING Thorough waterings must be given whenever required, followed by a loosening up of the surface with the hoe. With a deeply pre- pared ground, keeping the surface well cultivated is much better for the wellbeing of the plants than putting on a mulch. Spray- ing the foliage and damping the ground between the rows is very beneficial on hot days, and especially on a hot sunny day following a period of dull weather. Flag- ging often takes place after such conditions and the plants should be kept plumped up by an occasional spraying overhead until the balance between root and top is re- stored. If allowed to flag a hardening of the vine takes place and short stems soon result. The careful grower will not trust to the eye to detect a limp condition of the foliage. If the ground has been well enriched no feeding will be necessary until the plants are blooming freely; then liquid manure water applied once a week, will keep them growing strongly, and tends to prolong the flowering period. Manure water made from poultry droppings is ex- cellent for this purpose but ow- ing to its strength should be used withcare, diluting it well before ap- plying. Potash can be given in the form of wood ashes scattered on the surface and watered in; or a t i r r How seeds are sown in pots half ounce ol for exhibition blooms. They sulphate or mt- are of course covered lightly 30 T H E GARDE N MAGAZI N E February, 1915 rate of potash to the gallon of water applied after a watering with clear water. Under good culture and with spraying overhead green fly should not be in evidence but should it get a hold a spraying of diluted Antipest will destroy it in my experience. With the advent of the Spencer type, the sweet pea has assumed a greater importance than ever as a cut flower and the range of colors in the varieties now on the market is a large one. Not all of the varieties how- ever are up to exhibition standard and the exhibitor has to make a study of the varieties so as to select those considered best in their respective colors. A study of the descriptions of varieties as printed in the bulletin issued by the Ameri- can Sweet Pea Society and in the catalogues of seedsmen who specialize in sweet peas will greatly aid in making a choice. Probably what might be said to be the cream of the varieties listed this year were shown at the show in New York last year, and as the reports from “the other side” speak of very few new varieties as being improve- ments on those already in existance it is quite probable that those varieties which were in the ascendant last vear will continue to hold top places as leading kinds for some time to come. Planting Tables for the Vegetable By A. E. Wilkinson, Newark Garden [Editors’ Note: These two tables are complete in themselves, and can be used without reference to any other articles, but inasmuch as they are based on the routine of management discussed in last month’s issue of The Garden Magazine they can be more intelligently used if studied in connection with the article and accompanying plans on page 191.] A. FOR THE BEGINNER’S GARDEN, 25 x 35 FT. Costing about four dollars for seed. Amount of Seed Cost of Seed Planting Thinning Harvesting Vegetable Time Method Depth (inches) Distance Apart of Seed or Plant (inches) Time Space Be- tween Plants (inches) Method of Disposal First Final Beans 1 pt. . 20 May i-is Drills 1 1 to 2 June 15 3 to 4 Destroy July 1-15 Sept. 1 Beets 1 pkg. ■°5 Apr. 15 Drills i to i i to 1 June 13—3° 3 Eat as Greens June 15-30 Oct. 30 Cabbage, Early* . i pkg. . IO Mar. 15 Flat i to i 4 to i April 15-30 18 Transplant July 15-3° Sept. 1-15 Cabbage, Late* 1 pkg. •°5 May is Flat 4 to | 4 to 1 June is-30 24 Transplant Aug. 15-30 Nov. 1 Carrots 1 pkg. ■°S Apr. 15-30 Drills k to } * to J June 1-15 3 Destroy July 1-15 Oct. 1-30 Cauliflower* 1 pkg. •25 Apr. 15 Flat 4 tO | i to i May 15-3° 18 Transplant July 1-15 Oct. 15-3° Celery* .... 1 pkg. . IO May 1 Flat £ Very close July 1-15 5 Transplant Sept. 15 Nov. is Corn (sweet) . 4 pt. . IO May 15 Hills I 3 July 1 • Hills 18 Destroy July 30 Sept. 30 Cucumbers .... i pkg. •°5 May is Drills 5 tO | 1 July 1-15 6 Destroy Aug. 15-30 Sept. 15-30 Lettucef .... 2 pkg. . 20 Apr. 1 on Drills 1 to 1 IO May is on IO Eat Salad May 15 on All Season Onion Sets .... Parsnips .... 2 qts. 1 pkg. ■ 45 • 05 Apr. 1- is Apr. 15 Drills Drills 1 to ij \ to * 3 } to h June 1-15 4 Destroy May 15-30 Sept. 1-15 Aug. 15-30 Oct. 30 Peas, Early Peas, Midseason . Peas, Late Radishes .... 1 qt. 1 qt. 1 qt. 2 pkgs. •65 .65 • 45 . IO Apr. 1-15 Apr. 15-30 May 1 -is Apr. 1 on Drills Drills Drills Drills Ij to 2 ii to 2 1 5 to 2 h Close. Close. Close. 1 week after i-l£ Destroy June 15-20 June 30 July 10 May 1 on July 1-10 July 10-20 Aug. 1-10 All Season Spinach .... J lb. • 25 Apr. 1-30 Drills 1 4 planting May 30 3 Greens May 15-3° June 30 Tomatoes* 1 pkg. • 05 Apr. 1 Flat J to i \ to | May 15-3° 36 Transplant June 15-3° Sept. 1-15 Turnips .... 1 pkg. •05 Apr. 1— 15 Drills 4 4 June 15-30 6 to 8 Destroy June 1-15 Oct. 1-15 •Sown in hotbeds and transplanted outdoors. fMake an earlier sowing in hotbed to transplant when space is available. B. Vegetable Number of Row, Amount of Seed Cost of Seed Time Asparagus 26 50 roots • 50 Apr. 15 Bean 16 1 qt. ■ 35 May I-IS Beet 19 1 oz. ■ 15 Apr. 15 Cabbage, Early - 12 1 pkg- . IO Mar. IS Cabbage, Late 18 1 Pkg. 05 May 15 Cauliflower . 4 of 14 1 pkg. -25 Apr. 15 Carrots 20 1 OZ. . 20 Apr. 15-30 Celery, Early . 23 1 pkg. . IO Mar. 15 Celery, Late . 17 1 pkg. . 10 May I Corn, Early 1 1 Pt. . 20 May 15 Com, Midseason 2 1 Pt. .15 Tune I Cucumbers 24 1 pkg. . IO May 15 Currants S.E. cor. 4 pits. .40 Apr. 15 Endive . 4 of 25 1 pkg. • 05 May I Kohlrabi 5 of 14 1 pkg. ■ 05 Mar. 15 Lettuce 8, 9, 24 4 P^g- .40 Apr. on Onion sets IO, 1 2 qts. • 45 Apr. 1-15 Parsnip 22 2 oz. . 20 Apr. 15 Peas, Extra Early 13. 2 qts. I 30 Apr. 1 Peas, Early 17 I qt. • 65 Apr. 15-3° Peas, Midseason 18 I qt. •65 May 1-10 Potatoes, Early 5 4 pk. .40 May I Potatoes, Late 7 4 pk. ■ 3S May IO Radish 12 I oz. •15 Apr. on Rhubarb Bed 2 roots . 20 Apr. 1-10 Spinach. 2, 4. 6 1 lb. •25 Apr. 1-10 Squash . i in corn 2 pkg. . IO May 1 Strawberry . Bed 66 pits. I 50 Apr. 15-30 Swiss Chard . 3 of 25 I pkg. . IO Apr. 15 Tomato. 9 I pkg. . IO Apr. 1 Turnip 21 2 pkg. . IO Apr. 15 FOR THE COMPLETE GARDEN, 50 x 50 FT. Costing about ten dollars for seed . Planting Method Transplanting Depth (inches) Distance Apart of Seed (inches) Time Distance Apart (inches) Time Thinning Harvesting Space Between Plants (inches) First Final Trench 8 to 12 Drills 1 Drills 5 to 1 Hotbed 4 Hotbed 4 Hotbed Drills \ to j Hotbed | or less Hotbed i or less Hills 1 Hills 1 Drills 4 to i Notice plan Drills Hotbed 4 Hotbed and Drills 4 tO 2 Drills I to 1} Drills J to 4 Drills l£ to 2 Drills if to 2 Drills if tO 2 Drills 4 Drills 4 Drills 4 See plan Drills 4 Corn hills i See plan Drills 4 to J Hotbed i to f Drills 4 12 1 to 2 i to 1 \ to \ 3 3 * * * to h Apr. 15-30 July 1-10 May 20-30 May 1-10 July 1-10 Apr. 15-30 Apr. 20-30 3 1 to i Thick. Thick . Thick. 10 10 1 to 4 3 in hill. 4 i to 4 1 May 20-30 18 24 18 4 5 9 10 36 June 15 June 15 June 1-15 July 1 July is July 1-15 June 15 4 weeks after planting June 1-15 10 days May 30 June 1 June is May 15 3 to 4 3 3 Hills 18 Hills 18 6 12 10 2 in hill 12 6 ' 2 yrs. after July 1-15 June 15-30 July 1-15 Sept. 1 July 1-15 July 1-15 June 1-15 Sept. 20 July 30 Aug. 1 s-3° Aug. is-30 July 1-10 July is May 30 May 20 July 1-4 Sept. 1-15 Oct. is Sept. 1 Nov. 1-15 Oct. is Oct. 15-3° July 15-3° Nov. 15 Sept. 1 Sept, is Sept. 15-3° July 20-30 July 3° June 15-3° All season. May is Sept. 1 June 15-20 July 1 July 1-10 June 15-3° Aug. 15-3° May 1-5 May is May is June 15 June 20-30 June 15 June 15-3° June 1-15 Aug. 30 Oct. 30 July 1 July 10 July 20 Aug. is Oct. 15 All season. July 1 June 30 Oct. 15 July 30 July is Sept. 15-3° . Oct. is Seed Sowing Table for the Flower Garden By F. F. Rockwell, nation [Editors’ Note. — This table is designed to help the beginner to make an intelligent start. Flower seeds are put up in packets, which in the trade have a certain standard of contents, for each kind of seed although that is not expressed. Some effort is here made to explain this. The cultural indications will, of course, be read in connection with culture directions in general. The reader is' advised to use the table with the associated article in the January number of The Garden Magazine.] Name Group* General Method* No. Seeds in a pkt.f Season Height in Inches Color Distance Apart to Plant or Trans- plant Notes; and adapted for use in H P X 150 May-June 6 Yellow 12 ins. Early border. H A X z 250 June-frost 12 Blue, white 6-12 Compact, dense edging. H A X z 1,000 May-frost 8-10 White, lilac 4-8 White, low borders. H P X Y 300 May-June 12 Golden yellow 6-12 Around rock work, very hardy. H H P X Y. S 1,000 July-Sept. 12-36 Various 10 Graceful border plant; cutting. H P X Y, S 500 June-July 18-36 Various 8-1 5 Borders and cutting. H H A X Y 300 July-Sept. 18-30 Various 12-18 Cutting and masses. HA YZ 400 July-August 15-24 Blue, white, pink 6-10 Borders and cutting. H H A X Y 150 lune-Sept. 10-18 Various 15-20 Foreground and borders. HH B X, s 500 April -July 6-10 White, pink, red 4-6 Low border. H A YZ 250 lune-frost 18-24 Orange, yellow 12-18 Masses or borders. II A Y Z 750 June-Sept. 12-18 Yellow, orange, brown 8-10 Cutting, borders. California Poppy (Eschscholzia) . H A Z 500 August 12 Orange, yellow 6-8 Solid beds. H P X. S 1,000 June-August 18-36 White, blue, pink 8-12 Beds and borders. H A X Y 1,000 June-Sept. 6-18 White, crimson, carmine 4-12 Solid masses, white. Candytuft (Iberis) H P X 600 May-June 9 White 6 Hardy border. HHP X YZ 250 June-frost 12-20 Various 6-10 Cutting. II H A XZ 20 July-frost 4-7 ft. Green and bronze foliage 2-3 ft. Screening, tropical. T A X Y 1,000 June-frost 12-36 Various 12-18 Cutting, borders. Chrysanthemum (annual) .... H A X Y 400 August-Oct. 24-40 Various 12-18 Cutting, borders. H P X 400 August-frost is White, rose, purple 8-10 Showy, cutting, borders. H A YZ 1,000 June-Sept. 10-36 White, yellow, red, purple 8-18 Bright, low, and tail borders. Coreopsis (perennial) H P X Y, S 500 lune-frost 24-36 Golden, yellow 12-15 Hardy border. T A X 200 August-frost 2-8 ft. White, pink, red 18-24 Backgrounds, cutting. T A X 50 luly-frost 2-5 ft. Various 24-48 Cutting. Forget-me-not (Myosotis) .... H H A X z, s 1,000 April -July 6-12 Blue, white 6 Dainty, low edging. Foxglove (Digitalis) H I' X 1,000 lune 18-36 Pink, white IO Border, background. Four o’clock (Mirabilis) .... H A YZ 25 fuly-August 20-30 Yellow, white, red IO Border. Gaillardia H A Y Z 200 luly-frost 18-24 Yellow, crimson 10-12 Cutting, beds, borders. Globe Amaranth (Everlasting) H A Z 100 July-Qugust 18 Pink, purple, white, orange 10-25 Cutting, masses. Godetia (Satin flower) .... II A YZ 1. 000 luly-October 12-24 Red, white 8-12 Masses. T A Z 25 July-frost 5-1 S ft. Yellow, white, varigated 12-24 Colored fruits and shade. Gypsophila (Baby’s Breath) . H A, H P Z 1. 000 Succession 12-24 White 6-15 Cutting with other flowers. H P YZ 100 July-Sept. 3-4 ft. Yellow, shades 8-1 5 Background, borders, cutting. Helianthus II H A Z 100 August-frost 2-10 ft. Yellow, shades. 2-4 ft. Cutting, backgrounds. Hollyhock (everblooming) .... H A X Y 100 Aug.-Sept. 3-7 ft. Various 12-18 Against walls, tall screens. Larkspur (annual) H A XZ 500 fune-July 18-36 Blue, white, pink 6-12 Blue cutting. Larkspur H P X, s 400 July-Sept. 3-4 ft. Blue, shades 12-18 Tall, border, background. Lavatera II A X z 300 July 3-6 ft. Rose 8-12 Screening, tall background. Lobelia H H A X Y Z 1,000 fune-Sept. 6-18 Blue, white 4-8 Low edges and masses. Love-Lies-Bleeding (Amaranthus) H A Y Z 500 June-July 3-5 ft. Yellow, scarlet 10-15 Screens and masses. Love-In-a Mist (Nigella) .... H A Z 500 June-Sept. 12-24 Blue, white 10-12 Borders. Lupine H A Z 20 June 12-24 Blue, pink, white 4-8 Low masses, cuttings. Marigold H A X YZ 300 July-frost 10-36 Pale gold, orange 6-18 Masses and edging Mignonette H A X Y Z 600 July-Sept. I2-l8 Golden, reddish yellow 6 Fragrant, cutting. Monkshood H P X. s 100 July-Aug. 36 Blue, white 10-13 Borders. Moon flower H A X. s 10 August-frost 15-30 ft- White, blue 6-18 Climbing and shade. Morning Glory II A xzs 200 luly-Sept. 10-20 ft. Various 4-12 Quick climbing, screen. Nasturtium HH A z 40 luly-frost 12-60 Various 5-12 Cutting, masses, climbing. Nicotiana H A X Y 2,000 July-frost 3-5 ft. White, red 8-12 Fragrant masses. Pansy H A X z, s 250 May-June 6 Various 6-8 Edges, low masses, cutting. Petunia H H A X Y Z 1,000 luly-frost 12-24 White to magenta, mixed 8-12 Masses, low screens. Phlox Drummondi H A X Y 250 luly-frost 12-36 Various 8-12 Solid beds, medium ht., edging. Phlox H I* X 25 July-Sept. 12-30 Various 12-18 Hardy border, background. Pink (Dianthus) H P X Y Z 300 August-frost IO-l8 White to rose 5-8 Cutting. Poppy H A Z 1,000 luly-Sept. 6-10 White-scarlet 4 Low masses. Poppy, Iceland H P X Y, S 500 May- Sept. 12-18 White, yellow, orange 6 Cutting. Poppy. Oriental H P X Y, S 500 June- August 24-36 Crimson, shades I2-l8 Mixed border, backgrounds. Portulaca H A Y Z 2,000 July-frost 6-10 White, yellow, red 4-6 Edging, covering, sun, sand. Primrose H P X, S 200 April-May 4-6 Yellow, pink 4-5 Edging, borders. Pyrethrum HHP X. s 200 August-frost 12-24 Various 8-12 Edging. Rudbeckia (Golden Glow) H P X 100 August-Sept. 4-7 ft. Bright yellow 12-18 Screening, masses. Salpiglossis H H A X Y 1.500 June-Sept. 12-24 Various 6-12 Cutting, mixed border. Salvia H H P X 250 August-frost 12-36 Scarlet, shades 6-12 Edging, masses. Scabiosa (Morning Bride) .... H A YZ 100 June-August 15-30 White, yellow, maroon, blue 8-12 Cutting. Schizanthus (Butterfly flower) . H A XZ. s 1,000 Tuly-August 24 Yellow to lilac, mixed 8 Masses, borders, cutting. Silene (Catchfly) II P Y Z 500 June-Sept. 4-5 White to rose 5-6 Masses, broad edging. Stock H II A X Y 300 June-Sept. 12-24 Various 6-12 Fragrant cutting. Sunflower (Russian) H H A Z 100 Aug.-Sept. 3-7 ft. Yellow 24-36 Tall screens, temporary hedges. Sweet pea H A X Z 75 June-Sept. 3-6 ft. Various 4-10 Cutting. . Sweet William HP X Y 500 July-August 12-18 White, pink, red 6-12 Cutting, mixed border. Thunbergia (Black Eyed Susan) . H H A X Y 100 July-Sept. 3-8 ft. White, yellow, orange 4-10 Low trellis, vases. Torenia T A X Z 500 July-Sept. 8-15 Blue, white 6-10 Vases, hanging baskets. Verbena H H A X Y, S 500 July-frost 6-9 Various 12-18 Low, bright masses. Veronica H P X 100 August 24-30 Purple 8-10 Edging. Wallflower H H I> X z 500 July-Sept. 12-30 Brown, yellow 6 Fragrant, cutting. Zinnia H A X YZ 150 July-frost 12-30 Various, brilliant 8-12 Bright masses, low edges. *Key Letters A — Annual. B — Biennial. P — Perennial. H — Hardy. HH — Half-hardy. T — Tender. S — Will succeed in partial shade. X — Start indoors or under glass early in spring and transplant to flats or pots. Half-hardy and tender sorts require proportionately more heat than hardy sorts; the latter should be given about 50 degrees night temperature. Y — Sow in seed border in the open and transplant. Z — Sow outside in spring where plants are to remain, thinning out to proper distance before plants crowd. fThe number of seeds is of course approximate. Named sorts and new varieties, which are more expensive, will not run so many to the packet. Small seeds require greater protection and more care during germination than larger ones. They may be sown above ground, given protection and covered over lightly when they begin to show life. The large seeds can be sown with safety in the open ground. They will germinate more quickly if they are soaked in water for twenty-four hours before being sown. As soon as the seedlings have made their first two rough leaves they should be transplanted. Use a pointed dibble and always make the hole large enough to easily accommodate the roots. Firm the soil thoroughly by pressing in the dibble about one inch from the original hole. Never firm the soil close around the seedling, as you will be liable to “hang” the young plants. If the roots are thus firmed, subse- quent waterings will settle the upper soil about the “neck.” In pressing close to the tender stem with the fingers you are liable to do injury; moreover, the soil gets baked and the seedlings cannot grow. When two or three lines are done, give water and shade. Keep them shaded for several days until growth commences again. Gradually immure them to full sunlight. The soil in the seedbed should be forked over to a depth of at least a foot. Rake off and level thoroughly; then add one half inch of finely sifted soil on top. Seeds germinate best in a soil of fine tilth. 31 Hardy Perennials for Landscape Use HOW TO FIND THE PLANTS FOR MAKING FORMAL BEDS, HARDY BORDERS, ROCK AND WILD GARDENS, ETC. Arranged by William H. Richie, Landscape Designer, [Editors’ Note. — This table helps you to answer the question “ What Plants Shall I Use??” In beginning to work with it, the garden maker consults , first, the analysis columns and from them ascertains the name of the plant that will fit his special requirements. Taking the first plant in the list, for instance, The Pearl achillea is found to be the plant that will give white flowers for cutting during June, July, and August, and that it is suited for dry or medium dry soils in an informal border and in a sunny place. By the use of this chart, the amateur can easily pick out plants that will give him a combination of definite colors at certain times of the year; or he can find plants that fit his soil and situation. The arrangement of the asterisks enables the reader at a glance, to see what plants fall under one individual group. This is particularly useful as regards the questions of exposure soil, height, and color. "Alba” varieties are recorded under Color of Bloom, where their other specifications are the same; "while” is given twice so as to show color combinations — such as bluish white, or pink atul white, or blue fading to while; and a star inidcr both red and orange denote a reddish orange or vermilion color. \ Technical Name Origin Use Soil Pos. Month of Bloom Color of Bloom Height in Feet - > o . % tJ c .z. o . c >. xZx 'V u O k oaz cc-rr -sj* 0 i 2 £ .3 6 0 - *OTJ os a -C.3 C/2 CO C £=3 3 03 3 C/v CL t, to c CO JZ a— >» rt C. rt a > £ £ 3 C/2 33 oj - < « 0 OJ C..3I ate CQ Cl, ^ I 2 3 456 * * * * * * * * * ♦ * Aconitum autumnale, var. Fishcheri .... * * * * * * * * * V. alba * * * * « * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * • * * * * ♦ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ♦ * * * * * * • * * * Aquilegia oerulea * * * , * * * * * * * * • » * * * * * * « * * * * * * * Arabis albida Armeria maritima, var. splendens .... * : : ; * * * : : * * * V alba * * * * * * * * • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * • • * * * * * * * * * • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * • * V. alba * * * ♦ * * » * * * * V. alba * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * • • * * * * * V. alba * * * * * * * * * * * • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Chrysanthemum pompon * * * * * * * * * * * * * • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ♦ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ♦ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * » * * * * * * * * * * • * * * * * * * * * * Delphinium chinense * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * « * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Vars. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ♦ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Epimedium macranthum, var. niveum . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * « * * * * * * • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ♦ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * « * * * * * * * • * * * * ♦ • • * * * * * * * * * * • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * • * * * * * * * * • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * » * * • * * V. alba * * * Hibiscus moscheutos, var. Crimson Eye. . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Common Name The Pearl. Monkshood Monkshood. Blue bugle. Hollyhocks in variety. Gold tuft. Alkanet. Windflower. Japanese windflower. Japanese windflower. Japanese windflower. Chamomile. Columbine. Rock Mountain columbine Columbine. Mug wort. Rock cress. Sea thrift. Japanese goat’s beard. Butterfly weed. Perennial aster Perennial aster Perennial aster Perennial aster Spiraea japonica. Blue indigo. Wild indigo. English daisy. False chamomile. Marsh marigold. Carpathian bell. Peach bell Chimney bellflower. Perennial cornflower. Snow in summer. Turtle head. Shasta daisy (Alaska). Hardy chrysanthemum Hardy chrysanthemum. Hardy chrysanthemum. Hardy chrysanthemum. Hardy chrysanthemum. Hardy chrysanthemum. Bush clematis. Bush clematis. Tickseed. Lily-of-the-valley. Lady’s slipper. Lady’s slipper. Lady’s slipper. Chinese larkspur. Larkspur. Belladonna larkspur. Sweet William. Scotch pink. Garden pink. Garden pink. Garden pink. Bleeding heart. Gas plant. Foxglove. Shooting star. Leopard’s bane. Barrenwort. Fleabane. White snakeroot. Joe Pye weed. Flowering spurge. Day or plantain lily. Blanket flower. Closed gentian. Crane’s bill. Baby’s breath. Mist flower. Sneezeweed. Sneezeweed. Sun or rock rose. Sunflower. Sunflower. Sunflower. Ox eye sunflower. Christmas rose. Major day lily. Lemon lily. Dumortier’s day lily. Thunberg’s lily. Liver leaf. Coral bells. Mallow. Bluets: Quaker lady. St. John’s wort. 32 February, 1 !) 1 5 T HE GARDEN M A G A Z I N E 33 Technical Name Charge Use Soil Pos. Month of Bloom Color of Bloom Height in reet Common Name M to c V TJ TJ u O l> ijrv' w-p* V T3-0 JJ.3 c n a CO E E 3 !L< flj bo a *-* T3 ° E -o B S s E 3 V > J> V ^ o +J Q.-° rt c >> £/§! ct = 3 rt 3 C/3Pu Uh SijM 33 = 8$ a. cnOZ *-> O Uh c £ 2 tJ o >< 3 fttJ _3 ij-G PCPhSS I 2 3 4 5 6 * * * * * * * * * * Candytuft. * * * * * * * * * * * * Crested iris. * * * * * * * * * Water flag. * * * * * * * * * * * * Turkish iris. * * * * * * Vars. * * Dwarf iris. Iris germanica * * . * . . . . . » . German iris. Var. Mme. Chereau * * * * * * * * * * * * * German iris. V'ar. Mrs. Neubonner . . * * * * * 4 * ' * * * German iris. * * * * * * ‘ * * German iris. Iris laevigata, in vars * * * * ♦ * * * * * * * * * * * * Japanese iris. * * * * * * * * * V. alba * * * Siberian flag. * * * * * * * * * * * Canadian iris. Iris Xiphium * * * * * * ♦ * * * * * * * * Spanish iris. Kniphofia Pfitzeri . . * * * * * * * * * * * 4 * Flame flower. * * * * * * * * Lavender. Liatris pycnostachya * * * * ♦ * * * 4 4 Blazing star. * * * * * * * * * * ' * Gold banded lily. Lilium canadense * * * * * * * * * * * 4 Wood lily. * * + * * * ♦ * * * Madonna lily. Thunberg’s lily. * * * * * * * * * * + Lilium speciosum, var., rubrum 1. ilium trigrinum, var., splendens . * * * * * * * * + * V. alba * * 4 Spotted lily. * * * * * * * * * * J iger lily. Linum perenne * * * * * * * * * * * * Blue flax. Lobelia cardinalis * * * * * ^ * * * * * 4 Cardinal flower. Lobelia syphilitica * * * 4 * * * * * 4 Great lobelia. Lupinus Moerheimei * * * * * 4 * * * * 4 I.upinus polyphyllus * * * 4 * * * V. alba * * 4 Hardy lupin. Lychnis chalcedonica * * * * * * * London pride. Lychnis coronaria * * * * * * * * * Rose campion. Lychnis Flos-cuculi, var. plenissima * * * * * * * * * * * Ragged robin. Lysimachia clethroides ♦ * * * * * * * * * * * Loosestrife. Lythrum Salicaria * * * * * * * * * * 4 4 Purple loosestrife. * * * * * * * * * * * * Virginia cowslip. Oswego tea; bergamot. Monarda didyma, var. splendens * * ♦ * * * * * * * * * * V. alba * * Myosotis palustris * * * * * * * * * * * Forget-me-not. * * * * * * * * * * * Cup flower. Evening primrose. CEnothera Youngii * * * * * * * ♦ * * * * * (Enothera missouriensis * * * * * * * * * * Missouri primrose. Pachysandra terminalis * * * * * * * * * * Mountain spurge Paeonia Moutan * * * * * * * * ♦ * * * 4 Free peony. Paeon i a officinalis * * * * * * * * * * * * Herbaceous peonv. Peony, var. Felix Crousse * * * * * * * * * * Herbaceous peony. Festiva Maxima * * * * ♦ * * * * * Herbaceous peony. Andre Lauries * * * * * 4 * * * * * Herbaceous peony. Marie Lemoine * * * * * * * * * * Herbaceous peony. Queen Victoria * * * * * * * * * * Herbaceous peony. Louis Van Houtte * * * * * * * * * * Herbaceous peony. * * * * * * * * * * * * Herbaceous peony. Iceland poppv. Papaver nudicaule * * * * * * * * ♦ * * * * V. * al. * * * Papaver orientale * * * * * * * * * * ♦ Oriental poppy. Pentstemon barbatus, var. Torreyii * * ♦ * * * * * * + Beard tongue. Phlox, var. Mrs. Jenkins * * * * ♦ * * * * * + * Perennial phlox. Independence ♦ * * * * * * * * * Perennial phlox. Von Lassburg * * * * * * * * * * * Perennial phlox. leanne D’Arc * * * * * * * * * * * Perennial phlox. * * * * * * * * ■* * eye eye * ♦ Perennial phlox. Perennial phlox. R. P. Struthers * * * * * « * * * * * * Pantheon * * * + * * * * * eye * * * Perennial phlox. Perennial phlox. Perennial phlox. Perennial phlox. * * * * * * * * * * eye * * * * * * * * • * * * * * Prof. Virchow * * * * * * * * * * * * * Consul H. Trost * * * * * * * * * Perennial phlox. B. Comte * * * * * * * * * dark * * * Perennial phlox. Miss Lingard * * * * * * * * * * * Perennial phlox. Phlox divaricata, var., canadensis * * ♦ * * ♦ * * * * ♦ * Creeping phlox. subulata ♦ * * * * * ♦ * ♦ * * Mosspink. Physostegia virginica ♦ * * ♦ * * * * * V.alba * * * * False dragon head. * * * * * * * * * * * * V. alba * * * Balloon flower. Marie’s balloon flower. Platy codon Mariesi * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ♦ Polygonatum multiflorum * * * * * * * * * Solomon’s seal. * * * * * * + * * * Knotweed. Giant English cowslip. Primula elatior, var. superba * * * * * * * * Primula vulgaris * * * * * * * * * English primrose. Blue primrose. Primula vulgaris, var. oerulea . . . * * * * * ♦ * * * * Pyrethrum hybridum, var. fl. pi. . * * * * * * * * * * * In var. * * Feverfew. * * * * * * * Giant moon daisy. Meadow beauty. Golden glow. Bouncing Bet. Blood root. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 4 Saponaria caucasica * * * * * * * * * * * * * Sanguinaria canadensis * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 4c Rockfoil. Cushion flower. Yellow stonecrop. Showy sedum. Goldenrod. Indian pink. Wood betony. Wool flower. Sea lavender. Mountain feather fleece. Cornflower aster. Spiderwort. Orange globe flower. Meadow rue. Scabiosa caucasica * * * * * * * * * V. * V. alba alba * * * * * .Sedum acre * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Solidago rigida * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Spigelia marilandica * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * + * % * * * * * Stachys lanata * * * * * * * * * * Statice latifolia * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Stokesia cyanea * * * * * * * * * V alba alba * * * « * * * * * * * * * * * V. » * Trollius europaeus . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * Thalictrum aquilegkefolium * * * * * * * * * * * * I hymus citriodorus * * * * * For lvs. * Lemon scented thyme. White mountain thyme. Saxifrage pink. Meadowsweet. Thymus Serpyllum . * * * * * * Tunica Saxifraga * * * * * * * * * * Ulmaria filipendula * * * * * * * * * * * * Valeriana officinalis * * * * * * * * • * * Garden heliotrope. Speedwell. Veronica longifolia, var. subsessilis . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * Veronica rupestris * * * * Rock speedwell. Spike flowered speedwell. Veronica spicata ♦ * * * * * * * * * * * \ eronica virginica ...... * Culver’s root. Iron weed. Vernonia arkansana * * * * * ♦ * ♦ * * * * Vinca minor . . , * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * V alba alba * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * V. * * Horned violet. Common violet. Bird’s foot violet. * * * * * * * * * * Viola pedata * * * * * * * * * * * Viola odorata * * * * • * * * * * * * » * * * * 41 * * Spanish bayonet. ODDS AND ENDS FROM EVERYWHERE Lice on Asters I NOTICED in your December, 1914, issue an article on asters blighting. Quite a number of my asters blighted last year. When I first noticed it, I thought the plants were quite delicate, or beyond maturity. They bloomed at different periods, and as they looked unpleasant, I simply tore them out and threw them away. But as more delicate plants appeared and I could find nothing wrong with the tops, I dug them up and examined the roots and found them packed with root lice. I dug up every plant that looked the least bit off and found all the roots affected. As I had no fire in the house I made a bonfire and burned them. I had no trouble with the remaining plants. They were all treated alike and while in different parts of the garden were in a similar location and had the same kind of soil. I always lime the soil. What can I do another time to prevent root lice and do root lice affect other plants? Hasbrouck Heights, N. J. Mrs. T. C. Stephens. [Editors Note: We are not aware of the aster blue root aphis being injurious elsewhere in the garden. Some growers advise using tobacco dust dug into the soil; others have reported excellent re- sults from wood ashes used liberally in a similar way.] The “New” Garden Magazine THE January number of The Garden Maga- zine, which reached me a couple of days ago, is the first one I have seen for several months. To me it is an exceedingly interesting number. If you keep up this gait for the entire year, it ought to be one of the very best years in the history of the magazine, I believe. The reason it is of interest to me is that you have so many short items of timely interest. I glance over quite a good many of the farm papers, but the Rural New Yorker is the only one I read care- fully. It interests me because so many queries are answered, each one of them being on a live topic. The essentials of the subject are epitomized in a few well chosen words. And I believe if you con- tinue as you have in this issue with your “Odds and Ends from Everywhere” that it will make the magazine more interesting. It is out of the beaten path, and you are not hashing over old stories in new dresses. Harrisburg, Penna. P. T. Barnes. Lice on Lettuce ON PAGE 210, of the January, 1915, Garden Magazine, a reader’s query is answered re- garding plant lice on lettuce. When I was growing lettuce under glass, this pest was the bane of my life for one winter. I tried every remedy that anybody could suggest with the exception of fumigation with hydro- cyanic acid gas, and I could not get rid of it. The lettuce was so badly affected as to be really unsalable. I finally found that the only way of combating it was using preven- tivej measures — to start in the fall with a clean house. My custom after that first winter was to thoroughly fumigate the house with sulphur in the fall just before setting the first crop. Then light fumigations with a nicotine extract, once or twice throughout the winter, held this pest absolutely in check. Pennsylvania. Harold Clarke. Rhubarb in Winter WHEN three small stalks of rhubarb cost seven cents at the store, what is it worth to have all you want fresh and crisp from your own garden? This does not admit of a mathematical answer, but here is the way to do it. And I substantiate my claims with a photograph of the third crop. First, I wait until winter has well started and the ground is frozen three or four inches deep. Rhubarb can not be forced into growth until it has a good taste of cold weather. I went out with my mattock on the 26th of January, last season, and cut through the frozen ground, all round a big three-year old clump of rhubarb. Then, putting the flat blade of the mattock under one edge of the crust, I pried it up. From the soft moist earth beneath, some of the big roots pulled out; others broke off. In a few minutes a great lump of earth and roots rolled out on the frozen ground. I trimmed the top of the lump to fit a strong box about 18 x 24 x 10 inches, and dropped the block of earth and plants into the box. The box was not deep enough by three inches, but that did not matter. The box was then placed on a cellar stairway which opens out-of-doors. Here the mass thawed out in about a week. It was then moved to a cool and dimly lighted cellar and kept well watered. The first crop was gathered March first. From that time on we had rhubarb pie, or sauce, or both, once or twice a week until the outdoor crop was ready in the middle of April. It was the best gardening investment I ever made. Grinnell, Iowa. Henry S. Conard. What Ailed the Asters? ASTERS last year blighted and turned yellow. The trouble was caused by a microscopic aphis that attacked the roots. A diseased plant is hopeless; pull it up and burn it and water the hole it left well with arsenate of lead. Then water thoroughly and often the healthy plants with the arsenate. As a precaution for next year make new beds. Do not put asters where they were last year. Put no manure on the beds in the spring. The trouble came from germs in the manure. Apply coal ashes and lime and some woodashes to the bed — and keep watch. Glencoe, 111. Walter Greenleaf. Select Your Potato Seed JUST because gardeners buy seed potatoes by the pound or peck, instead of by scores of bushels is no reason at all why they should take less precautions to insure getting healthy seed. Farmers using Maine grown seed — which means specially those of the Atlantic and Southern States — are warned by the Department of Agriculture to buy only potatoes bearing the white label certifying that they have been examined by Federal inspectors Dig up rhubarb roots at once and bring into heat. The third crop of rhubarb stalks from roots growing in a dimly lighted cellar and found free from the powdery scab disease, that they were grown on farms free from the disease and that they have not been exposed to it. Such potatoes, moreover, are likely to be of better quality and more uniform than the table stock that the backyard gardener often uses. It is es- pecially desirable to keep this and similar diseases out of the home garden, for the limited space us- ually renders impossible the rotation and change of location which occasionally enables the farmer to get rid of them. Therefore, insist on “white seal” potatoes from your seedsman. New York. E. L. D. S. Gardening on the Seashore THE most discouraging feature of maintaining a garden on a sandy shore is the sinking away, wasting, and covering up, with sand, of the rich soil which has often been procured at considerable trouble and expense. The following instructions, if followed faithfully, will enable one to keep the garden year after year, with an occasional top dressing added in the fall of the year, and left until spring or early summer before turning under. Dig out the sand to a depth of about two and a half feet, cover the bottom with old boards, pieces of boxes, or useless odds and ends of old lumber, and on top of this throw in a quantity of old shoes, slippers, rubbers, etc., which can be gotten for the trouble of carrying them away, until you have the boards covered completely (if possible fill in with this junk to a depth of twelve or fourteen inches) On top of this put in one foot of used stable bedding (not manure), and cover with a good body soil, well mixed with well-rotted manure, until your garden patch is eight or ten inches above the level of the yard. Box around with one by eight inch boards, or what is better, plank eight inches wide. Keep the sand cleared away from the outside of the boards for a space of a couple of feet, which can be done with a few moments’ work each week. Washington, D. C. W. G. W. A New Mulching Material GOB is a refuse material produced when mining coal, for which it seems no use has been found. Where this material can be easily and cheaply pro- cured it makes an excellent mulching material. When visiting Mr. Thomas Greenfield, near Oak- dale, Pa., this last summer during the prolonged drought I was surprised to find part of his currants in unusually good condition. The reason was that he had used this gob as a mulch. The currant ground had been thoroughly cleaned of weeds, and the gob had been spread over it with the idea of keeping the weeds down. But it had done more than that — it had conserved the soil moisture. The ground thus protected, when compared with an adjacent piece mulched with straw, was found to be much damper, the straw mulch being not nearly as good as a mulching material. As it comes from the mine this gob is a sort of slaty stone which, upon being exposed to the weather for a consider- able period, slacks to a fine condition and becomes finely divided like the soil. Pennsylvania. C. H. How not to Plant Dahlias and Gladiolus IN LOOKING over my back numbers of The Garden Magazine, I came across the issue where the Editor told us of some of his troubles with would-be authors. I am a little different from his critic because as often as I have felt like writing him about growing something, I would find an article printed that was a little better than my own. But I have had some experiences that I have never seen in print. When I had a chance to have a garden of my own a friend gave me some dahlia bulbs with instructions 34 THE GARDEN M A G A Z I N E 35 February, 1915 to plant the same as potatoes. I had been used to planting potatoes after the plow when a boy, so I put my dahlias about the same distance as I had put the potatoes, viz., one foot in rows. When they were nicely up another friend called in one day and informed me that I had them far too close and advised me to transplant at least two out of three and leave them 2j to 3 feet apart. I did so and got good flowers. The same season I bought a dozen gladiolus bulbs and, not wishing to get caught again with too close planting, I put them in a bed 6 x 9 ft. or 3 feet apart each way. They bloomed nicely, too, but you can imagine the appearance of that bed ! My third experience, not to be repeated, was after I had built a 9 x 15 ft. greenhouse. My plants became covered with small green lice. I had seen sulphur burned in a room to disinfect it so I tried it in the greenhouse; but I gave too heavy a dose and left it about four hours with a strong sun shining, with the result that every plant lost all its leaves and the lice their lives. I have since learned how to use to- bacco stems and so save the plants when killing the lice. If I had had a guide like The Garden Magazine when I began gardening I would have saved myself many an error, as I have found since taking The Gar- den Magazine (and I have only missed the first three numbers) that it is a great help to the amateur gardener. F. R. Perkins. Toronto, Ont. A Hill of Roses ONE day last au- tumn at the Coun- try Club at Greenwich, Conn., while we were sitting around the table “playing the tenth hole,” I thoughtlessly made the statement that one of the rose bushes on my California place was twenty-five feet high and all of forty feet across. A silence fell; the gentlemen looked knowingly at one another, and as we went out on to the links again, I observed that my associates treated me with a sort of tender consideration and patience us- ually accorded to the derelict. It was easy enough to see that they did not care to charge me with being a liar, and the only alter- native was that paresis had set in. There seemed to be nothing that could be said or done, so I con- cluded to wait until I could come back from my winter home in Santa Barbara and bring with me the evidence of the camera. The photograph shows a comer of a little, un- used cottage on my moderate sized estate. The roof is covered fully six feet thick with closely inter- woven rose branches. The old Spanish name of the estate is pronounced, in English, La Lomenta de Roses meaning the little hill of roses. The name was not suggested because of this particular rose covered cottage, but because the land is on a very slight elevation and the soil seems to be especially adapted to roses, there being, I am told, one hundred and ten or eleven different varieties. However, the name seems to fit very well to this particular cottage and its decorations. The entire growth comes from two rose bushes, the Cherokee, and Beauty of Glazenwood. It would be impossible to give the number of roses in bloom at one time, but it would be safe to say over a thousand, and within the reach of possibilities to say three or four thousand. They bloom all winter and take a moderate resting spell during August. Michigan. C. W. Post. How to Make a Radish Bed A SOIL that will raise quick-growth radishes through the summer and early fall can be made by carefully following the directions here given : Select a semi-shaded spot. Just within the ver- tical shade limits of young fruit trees is a good place; my own most successful bed was made under the raspberry canes. Over each square yard of the ground selected spread two coal bucketfuls of loose sand. Over this sprinkle two fire shovelfuls of fresh air-slaked lime, being careful to pick out all lumps larger than a marble. With a long bladed garden mattock mix the sand and lime with three or four inches of the top soil and spread again evenly. At evening soak the mixture well with water and allow the bed to lay forty-eight hours before planting the seed. By that time every particle of lime will have slaked thoroughly. Such a bed will not be troubled by slugs, worms and other soil vermin and will raise quick-growth, crisp, solid radishes. Pennsylvania. Edgar H. Trick. Using Ferns as a Vegetable LAST spring a friend of ours brought us some common wild brake, or ferns, instructing us to cook them as we would asparagus or greens. As we had never before heard of using them for food we were very skeptical but, on trial, found them delicious. They taste very much like aspar- agus, the brake is gathered just as the shoots first show themselves above ground before the first frondlet or leaf has unfolded — later than that they are too tough for use. I think, perhaps, this idea may be as new to others as it was to us. Traverse City, Mich. Mary Rutner. Apples for Pennsylvania ON PAGE 204 of the January, 1915, Garden Magazine, under the title of “What Apples Shall I Grow,” the Baldwin, Northern Spy, Stay- man, Winesap, Ben Davis and Rhode Island Green- ing are recommended for Pennsylvania. With the exception of Stayman, these varieties will, no doubt, succeed in the northern half of the state. But it would not be advisable to plant them in the southern part. The Baldwin, when grown in southern Pennsylvania, unless sprayed very frequently, is a fall apple, frequently not keeping much after Christ- mas. When sprayed three or four times the fol- iage is healthier, the apples hang on until mature and keep much better. But even then it is seriously affected by the Baldwin spot, over which we have no control, unless perhaps the sugges- tions of Professor Stewart of State College may be of some avail. They are to not grow fruit of extra size and to pick early. Nearly every North- ern Spy tree that I have seen in southern Penn- sylvania produces apples lasting about as well as the Baldwin. An instance of how they keep may be best told as follows: A friend gave me a bushel in October, which I shipped home. They were two weeks on the road, and although none but perfect apples started, fully a third of them were specked or wholly rotted when they arrived home, and before Christ- mas they were all gone from rot. I have seen very few Rhode Island Greenings in the southern part of the state, and those who are growing them are not wildly enthusiastic over the results. I would not recom- mend anybody to plant the Ben Davis. If I bought a farm on which the Ben Davis was growing I would neither cut them down nor top work them. If a nur- sery furnished me trees which later proved to be untrue to name and turned out to be Ben Davis, I would not cut them down when they come into bearing, neither would I top work them, simply be- cause I would lose too much time by it. Prob- ably the Ben Davis will prove profitable to those who are now growing it as long as they are in- terested in the trees, but I think it a mis- take for anybody to plant them when there are other varieties of much better quality both from a market and culinary standpoint. For the southern part of the state I would limit my planting in a commercial orchard to three, or four possibly, winter varieties as fol- lows: Grimes Golden is an excellent early winter apple, the only drawback being that it is short-lived on account of the collar blight, which can be overcome to some extent by topworking it on some more re- sistant variety, such as Arkansas. Washington, D. C., is the best market in the United States for this variety. Stayman has all the good qualities of the Baldwin, is better adapted to the southern part of this state, and is not troubled with the spotting as is the Bald- win. Rome Beauty is a highly colored attractive apple of medium quality that is an annual cropper; and it is easy to grow perfect fruit at a minimum of labor. For the fourth I believe that Stark is the best choice. It is a very late keeping variety. It does not mature until the late winter. It is fair to me- dium in quality, crisp and juicy. One drawback is that it does not always color up well, being a dark green with a blush cheek, although I have seen it in this vicinity well colored. It can be kept when grown for home use until the Yellow Transparent is ready. The New York Agricultural Experiment Station, in their storage tests, find that it keeps until June in cellar storage. And I know one grower of it in southern Pennsylvania who keeps it until May. All of these varieties are good either for commer- cial or for home purposes. Southern Pennsylvania. Harold Clarke. Something like a rose bower! A little cottage in Santa Barbara, Calif., covered with a 6-foot mat of rose branches A Decade’s Development of the Amateur Gardener A BRIEF COMPOSITE EXPRESSION OF WHAT HAS BEEN ACCOMPLISHED IN THE TEN YEARS OF “THE GARDEN MAGAZINE’S” EXISTENCE, AS SEEN BY THOSE WHO HAVE HAD BUSINESS DEALINGS WITH OUR READERS TEN years ago, when The Garden Magazine was launched, amateur horticulture of America stood on a very different plane from what it does to-day. The awakening interest at that time, and which led to the launching of the magazine, has progressed and expanded in many ways. At the start our venture was received with welcome by the progressive pioneers of the seed and nursery trade, to whom the courtesy title of pioneer founders may indeed be given, for from the first they shared with ourselves in the direction of the course by suggestion and advice. It is a pleasure to us to record at this time the list of firms that had sufficient confidence in the appeal of the publication to use the columns in the first year for their annoucements and who, we are glad to say, are still with us. The gentlemen at the head of several of these firms have been in a peculiarly qualified position to remark the progress of events, and the matter following is composed of brief ex- cerpts from someof their letters: PERMANENCY APPRECIATED “The average tree planter and gardener only begins to realize the real value and signi- ficance of selecting ornamental varieties [of trees, shrubs, etc.] that produce permanent and beautiful effects, after unsatisfactory experiments with the sorts that thrive and bloom for a few weeks, and then are gone forever. In a large degree this condition is due to the broad minded, editorial, and educational policy of your publication.' D. Hill. THE SERVICE TO THE TRADE “During the past decade the amateur gar- dener has been educated along new lines in the matter of seed selection, sowing, and caring for the garden. In place of the hap- hazard gardening operations of the amateur of some years ago, home gardening is gradu- ally being put on a practical basis. The gar- dening magazines devoted to the interests of home gardeners have been largely instru- mental in bringing about this change. The customer has learned to order his seed intel- ligently, and to give his garden such care as to secure from the seeds the best results. The gardening papers have awakened the desire to get the most out of the garden, whether large or small, and, have given the beginner in tilling of the soil a clearer vision of what he is working for. Thus the gar- dener sees satisfactory results from his labors, and the seedsman is not burdened with complaints due in most part to the lack of knowledge on the part of the gardener.”— J. C. Vaughan. the press has taught “As we are all aware, interest in gardening, and especially amateur gardening, has grown by ‘leaps and bounds,’ so to speak, during the past ten years. I am confident, however, the great interest in gardening and ornamental planting in America that has been awakened in recent years, is due almost wholly to the horticultural press, and I equally confi- dent that The Garden Magazine has done more to advance this grand work than any other journal — in fact, I might almost say, more than all other journals.” — J.T. Lovett. THE AMATUER HAS LEARNT “Its big brother, Country Life in America, was a potent factor in the suburban move- ment that set in about fourteen years ago. When Country Life in America got people to the country, they only half knew how to enjoy themselves until The Garden Magazine came along, telling in interesting, instructive ways, how ugly comers could be filled with luxuriant foliage, how barren places could be transformed with lovely verdure. Lessons were taught of ways to have flowers from the opening of spring until the coming of frost. We have felt an advantage from your editorial columns, in the intelligence in the laying out of their gardens, and the selection of varieties for them, that people are displaying to-day over the time when The Garden Magazine started. Thousands of amateurs are to-day well posted on trees, shrubbery, and flowers; whereas ten years ago comparatively few were interested in the technique of horticul- ture.— Wm. H. Moon Co. HONOR ROLL OF “ASSOCIATE FOUNDERS” WHO HAVE USED THE COLUMNS OF “ THE GARDEN MAGAZINE ” IN THE FIRST YEAR AND CONTINUOUSLY UP TO THIS TIME Allen, W. F. Johnson & Son, S. C. Andorra Nurseries. Kelsey, Harlan P. Alexander, J. K. Layve & Hwviell. Baines, Miss Ella V. Lester Co., Francis E. Baker & Co., Ltd., Walter. Livingston Seed Co. Barwell, I W. Lord & Burnham Co. Bateman Mfg. Co. Lovett, J. T. Bay State Nurseries, The Marshall & Co., W. E. Berger & Co., H. H. Maule, Wm. Henry Blatchford’s Calf Meal Co. May & Co., L. L. Bobbink & Atkins Meehan & Sons, Inc., Bonora Chemical Co. Thomas Brown Co., The E. C. Michell Co., Henry F. Burpee & Co., W. Atlee. Moon Co., The W. H. Cabot. Samuel Myers, Wm. S. Collins, Arthur J. Palisades Nurseries. Conard & Jones Co., The North Shore Ferneries Cottage Gardens Co., Inc. Peterson, G. 11. Cowee, Arthur Pratt Co., B. G. Dingee & Conard Co. Rawson & Co., W. W. — Dreer, Inc., H. A. (fottler-fiske-rawson Elliott Nursery Co. CO.) Ellwanger & Barry Reasoner Bros. Galloway Terra Cotta Co. Rhodes Mfg. Co. Gillet, E. Rhoers Julius Good & Reese Co. Sherwin-Williams Co. Green’s Nursery Co. Simmons Hardware Co. Gregory & Son, J. J. H. Stark Bros. Hammond’s Slug Shot Works Stevens Arms & Tool Harris, S. G. Co., J. Harrison’s Nurseries Storrs & Harrison Co. Hartmann, Sanders Co. Stumpp & Walter Co. Heller Bros. Thorburn & Co., J. M. Henderson & Co., Peter Vaughan’s Seed Store Hitchings & Co. Vick’s Sons, James Hicks & Son, Isaac Wagner Park Conserva- Hill Dryer Co. TORIES Hill, D . Nursery Co. Walsh, M. H. Home Correspondence School Weeber & Don Hoopes Bros. & Thomas White, Miss Emma V. Horsford, F. H. Whitten, C. E. Hubbard, T. S. Wright Wire Co. C. W. Barry M. H. Walsh Ellwanger & Barry’ David Hill W. Atlee Burpee F. W. Bruggerhof (J. M. Thorbum & Co.) W. H. Moon ( Deceased ) George H. Peterson E. W. Stark (Stark Bros. Co.) M. Henry Lynch (Heller Bros.) F. H. Horsford A FEW REPRESENTATIVE HORTICULTURISTS WHO HAVE LIVED WITH “THE GARDEN W. H. Wyman J. T. Lovett (Bay State Nurseries) MAGAZINE" FROM THE BEGINNING T HE GARDEN M A G A Z I N E 37 Henderson’s Tested Seeds The firm of Peter Henderson & Co. was founded in 1847 and the 68 years of successful seed-raising and selling that is behind every package of Henderson’s seeds must and does make them the best that it is possible to buy. In your grandfather’s day, Henderson’s was the standard by which other seeds were judged, and the same condition exists in 1915. Our methods of seed-testing, which were the best three generations ago, have been improved upon from year to year and are today still the best. The unknown quantity in your garden is the quality of the seeds you plant, and you cannot be too careful in seeing that you obtain the best procurable. The most critical of all planters in the choice of their seeds are market- gardeners or truck-farmers. Perhaps the best endorsement of the quality of Henderson’s seeds is the fact that Peter Henderson & Co. supply a larger number of professional growers than any two seed houses in the world. The very existence of these men depends upon their receiving the best quality of seeds. That Peter Henderson & Co. are easily pre-eminent in the pro- fessional growing field is the best endorsement of Henderson’s seeds that can be given. Henderson’s seeds are tested seeds. “Everything for the Garden” is the title of our annual catalogue. It is really a book of 208 pages, handsomely bound with a beautifully em- bossed cover, 8 colored plates and over 1000 half tones, direct from photographs, showing actual results without exaggeration. It is a library of everything worth while, either in farm, garden or home. A Remarkable Offer of Henderson’s Specialties To demonstrate the superiority of Henderson’s Tested Seeds, we have made up a Henderson Collection, consisting of one packet each of the following six great specialties: Ponderosa Tomato Big Boston Lettuce Henderson’s Invincible Asters Mammoth Butterfly Pansies Eckford’s Large Flowering Sweet Peas White Tipped Scarlet Radish In order to obtain the largest possible distribution for our annual catalogue “Everything for the Garden” we make the following unusual offer: Mail us 10c and we will send you the catalogue, together with this remarkable “Henderson’s Specialty Collection.” Every Empty Envelope Counts 3.S Cash This collection is enclosed in a coupon envelope which, when emptied and re- turned, will be accepted as 25c cash payment on any order of one dollar or over. PETER HENDERSON & CO. 35-37 Cortlandt Street NEW YORK CITY Peter Henderson & Co. 35-37 Cortlandt Street, New York City I enclose herewith, ioc for which send catalogue and “Henderson’s Specialty Collection,” with complete cultural directions, including the “Henderson Garden Plans” as advertised in Garden Magazine. G. M. If you wish information about dogs apply to the Readers' Service 38 TIIE GARDEN MAGAZINE February, 191, 5 '0m •xA MICHELES AhniversaLry Catalog of Seeds, Plants, Bulbs and Garden Sundries is now ready A complete garden book — offers the best in flowers, vegetables, hardy perennials, annuals, vines, shrubbery and pot-grown roses. 228 pages brimful of suggestions that will help you make practical selections. Complete planting in- structions; extensive illustrations — six rich color plates reproduced from nature. Full description of the Michell medals for achievement in Horticul- ture and Agriculture (in Gold, Silver and Bronze). Furnished free to civic organizations, etc., as a stimu- lus to their members. Write to-day tor your free copy When you get it be sure to note especi- ally the Everblooming Butterfly Bush (see cut), and the Special $1 Introductory Bag of Michell’s Evergreen Mixture — enough of the finest A grass seed for an average lawn. Henry F. Michell Co. 520 Market Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Start a Fernery Brighten up the deep, shady nooks on your lawn, or that dark porch corner — just the places for our hardy wild ferns and wild flower collections. We have been growing them for 25 years and know what varieties are suited to your conditions. Tell us the kind of soil you have — light, sandy, clay — and we will advise you. Gillett’s Ferns and Flowers will give the charm of nature to your yard. These include not only hardy wild ferns, but native orchids, and flowers for wet and swampy spots, rocky hillsides and dry woods. We also glow such hardy flowers as primroses, campanulas, digitalis, violets, hepaticas, trilliums, and wild flowers which require open sunlight as well as shade. If you want a bit of an old-time wildwood garden, with flowers ust as Nature grows them — send for our new catalogue and let us advise you vhat to select and how to succeed with them. EDWARD GILLETT, 3 Main St., Southwick, Mass. An Alaskan Flower Garden THE town of Skagway, Alaska, lies at the head of Lynn Canal, a majestic fjord extending in- land from the Pacific Ocean a distance of more than ioo miles, and is inside of the Southeastern Alaska rain-belt, as is evidenced by the annual precipi- tation which averages only about twenty inches. The outdoor growing season generally extends from about May rst to September 30th. Being on tide- water and within the tempering influence of the Japan Current, we are not subject to the intense cold of interior Alaska, and the temperature during the winter rarely falls below zero. The soil of the Skagway Valley consists of a sandy loam approxi- mating only eighteen inches in depth, beneath which lies a deposit of sand, gravel and boulders undoubtedly left there unknown centuries ago by the receding glaciers which at one time filled all the valleys of this region. This fertile soil, the ample sunshine of our eighteen- to twenty-hour long sum- mer days, a temperature which is neither too hot nor too cold, an almost complete freedom from in- sect pests, and natural and perfect drainage, furn- ish ideal conditions. Practically our only enemy is the southerly trade wind which blows frequently on summer afternoons, and against which some shelter must be devised for tall growing plants which are in exposed situations. . During the season of 1912 we had flowers in bloom from the rst of June until the xst of October, and some of the more hardy kinds, such as pan- sies, sweet peas and antirrhinums, continued bloom- ing during the greater part of October. Think of sweet peas nine feet in height without special culture, pansies three inches across, stocks three feet high and godetias four feet high, asters more than seven inches across, and dahlias fully ten inches in diame- ter! In my own garden last season I had seven- teen kinds of flowers blooming outdoors — pansies, sweet peas, salvias, stocks, antirrhinums, petunias, dahlias, gladiolus, dianthus, phlox, asters, rudbeckia, godetias, schizanthus, canary vine, nasturtiums, and annual hollyhocks! Some of our neighbors cultivated other flowers in addition to the foregoing — even some splendid Hybrid Per- petual roses — and all grew luxuriantly. In 1911 I had some vigorous roses in bloom including Frau Karl Druschki, but the bushes winter-killed. In order to accomplish these results we first aim to get the very best seeds in the market. My own plan — - and it is the method generally pre- valent here — is to start practically everything indoors in seed flats, using a carefully prepared soil of loam and leafmold, and observing the customary rules as to depth of planting, watering, etc. Some of the slower germinating seeds are started very early in March, and the others at intervals there- after until about the middle of April. During the day, while the house is warm, we keep the flats at the windows having a southern exposure where they can get all possible sunlight, but we are al- ways careful at night to remove them to a more sheltered location — a snug spot near the kitchen range Is my favorite place. As soon as the little seedlings show from two to four leaves we transplant carefully into larger boxes or pots where they are allowed to remain until “Frozen Alaska" — with geraniums, poppies, pansies, dahlias, etc., blooming outdoors! The Readers’ Service will furnish information about foreign travel February, 1915 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 39 Farr's Hardy PlcnTt® Specialties New Edition, 1915-16 Ts a book — rather than a mere catalog — that tells in an extremely interesting way of the habits, the form, the likes and dislikes of my favori te perennials, the time of bloom- ing and the colors of the flowers, the text having been written from my own field notes. The camera caught many of these flowers in their natural beauty, just as they grew here at Wyomissing. Twenty- four full page illustrations (twelve in nat- ural colors, reproduced from Lumiere color plates) show the glory of my hardy perennials. It answers the question, “Where can one find a book on the Peony?” for it accurately describes over five hundred varieties and tells you more about the Peony than any other book ever published It is the recognized authority on the Iris. It classifies the hundreds of varieties and tells how and where to grow them. Other leading specialties described at length are: Phloxes, Delphiniums, Hardy Asters and Chrysanthemums, a splendid list of Roses and a unique collection of the new Lilacs. This book is for you, if you write for it, and I trust it may be an inspira- tion to you as its predecessors have been to other flower lovers. Bertrand H. Farr Wyomissing Nurseries 104 Garfield Ave., Wyomissing, Pa. FRUIT PLANTS In buying Knight’s Fruit Plants you reaping the benefit of our 30 years’ experience. No better plants can be secured anywhere. We sell nothing but the very best, hardy, well rooted stock. We are offering $100 in Gold Free this year to the owner of the most productive strawberry patch. Let us tell you more about this contest. It will obligate you in no way. Full particulars regarding it are given you in Knight’s B ook on Small Fruits Send for it — it’s absolutely FREE. It is well illus- trated and also completely catalogues all our varie- ties of small fruit plants. Knight’s plants are heavy bearing, big money-makers for the owners. Write us today. David Knight & Son Sawyer, Michigan Tree Roses We have this year an unusually large and beautiful selection of these popular and showy plants. All our tree roses are grown on Rugosa stock, which is hardy and healthy and admirably adapted to our climate. Dickson’s Irish Roses The Blue Ribbon Winners of the Rose World Our specialized collection of these, true-to-name, beautiful, fragrant flowers, affords the rose lover a wide range of choice. Our customers are constantly winning prizes on blooms from this stock. All our roses are field grown, heavy 2, 3 and 4 year plants. No pot plants, no Holland stock, no seconds. From our collection of more than 200 varieties, you will find roses for every place and purpose. Evergreens, in 70 varieties from 6 in. to 16 ft. Also a fine lot of dwarf and standard Fruit Trees, Hardy Perennials, Vines, Shrubs, and Deciduous Trees, many in extra sizes for immediate effect. Send today for illustrated catalog, a cyclopedia of information for the grower. Gives sizes as well as prices. Write for special quotations on large orders. OUR MOTTO: Prices as low as Consistent with Highest Quality. Rosedale Nurseries S. G. Harris Box A, Tarry town, N. Y. Lovely Roses, Shrubs, Trees, Hardy Plants —that will be a real asset to your home: we have them all — the good things described in our comprehensive book. You will be delighted with it. The descriptions are dependable and will aid you in selecting plants for any pur- pose or position. The book leaves you in the dark about nothing pertaining to plants for ornamental purposes. The cultural directions alone would make it worth preserving. Do you know that many so-called hardy plants are not hardy in your locality and that many are hardy only when grown under ideal con- ditions in the nurseries? Our 21 years of experience and intimate knowledge of plants are at your disposal for the asking. SEND FOR THIS BOOK TODAY It is free and a postal card will bring it by return mail. Let us recom- mend to you a Jew plants that will do well, in your locality. We have a large and modern Greenhouse plant in connection with our Nursery. Here we grow an immense quantity of Palms, Ferns, Bed- ding Plants, etc., adapted for indoor culture and bedding out, also the loveliest Cut Flowers, which we pack to ship hundreds of miles, to some dear friend of yours, with your card enclosed. Our line is most complete and everything is grown under ideal conditions and under our personal supervision. We do things here in a distinctive way— the BAUR way. That is the secret of our success. But let us send you our book. It will tell you how and why we give satisfaction. BAUR FLORAL CO. 15 East Ninth St., Erie, Pa. Nurseries and Greenhouses: West Twenty-First Street _____ The Readers’ Service will give information about the latest automobile accessories 40 T II E G A R 1) E N MAGAZINE February, 19 1 5 THORBIH I SEEDS 8 BULBS Out' 1915 Sp ntip Catalog is full of real Garden • • • lrelp • • prepare our seed cat- log each year with ae single thought of laking it of service to selection of the right flowers and vegetables for your garden, and in their planting and care. We have been helping our custo- mers to make successful gardens for more than a hundred years. We have learned a good deal about it, as you will see from the book. It will be sent free to anyone who has a garden or wants one. Drop us a postal today. Your copy is now wait- ing for you. J. Ms Thorburn & Co. 53 B Barclay St., through to 54 Park Place New York Just to look through its pages will make you long for spring to come ready to set outdoors, which with us is usually about the middle of May. I have two coldframes on the south side of the house where some of the plants are kept after being transplanted into the larger boxes; and for the same purpose also have a small glass house, or rather lean-to, about six by ten feet in size, with head-room, where the balance of the plants find a home until setting-out time. On cold nights the boxes in the coldframe are taken indoors for safekeeping, while Jack Frost is kept out of the glass house by means of a small oil heater, on top of which I keep water steaming to supply the necessary moisture. On pleasant days the plants are given an abundance of air in order to strengthen and harden them off. We usually plant sweet peas directly outdoors early in April, but as the ground is cold at that time and germination thereby retarded, it is my pur- pose to try the transplanting method this year which, 1 believe, should give the vines an earlier An Alaskan backyard — stocks, pansies, asters, godetias, and schizanthus all vigorously blooming start. Until last year I also planted canary vine and nasturtiums outdoors, but I learn from ex- perience that to sow indoors and then transplant, while it involves more labor, is surer and well worth the extra trouble. By so doing the plants are given an earlier start. While outdoor gardening is our chief pleasure and joy, the house plants are not neglected, and in our small conservatories and at the windows may be found a wealth of geraniums, lilies, cannas, gloxi- nias, fuchsias, begonias, ferns, etc., all depending upon the taste or inclination of the individual home owners. Alaska. W. C. Blanchard. A New Idea in Tree Labels ON THE grounds of Haverford College, a few miles out of Philadelphia, are many magni- ficent native trees, most of them matured speci- mens three-quarters of a century ago. The College recently labeled each of these in an effective and unique way. It had discs 2J inches in diameter cut out of zinc and stamped the botanical and common name of each tree in these with dies such as machinists use to mark their tools. A disc is fastened to each tree with a lag-screw, at the height of five feet. The advantage of using a lag-screw is that, when growing trees are labeled, the fastening may be loosened every few years to prevent the bark from growing over the label. Illinois. Fred Haxton, An adjustable zinc tree label held in place by a lag-screw What is a / air rental for a given property? Ask the Readers’ Service StlOJMtN »V BOVAL WARRANT 5 MAJESTY KING GEORGE V Make Your Garden Distinctive by planting some of the finer varieties of pedigreed flowers and vegetables offered by Jas. Carter & Co. of Raynes Park, Eng- land. Write at once for handsomely illus- trated catalog, Ameri- can edition. CARTERS TESTED SEEDS, Inc. 104 Chamber of Commerce Bldg., Boston, Mass. Branch at Seattle, Wash. In Canada — 133 King St. E., Toronto Branch of James Carter & Co., Raynes Park, England Te sted The Seeds with a Pedigree ” J Start Lima Beans, Corn and Melons in Paper Transplanting Pots (dirt bands) and when the ground is warm plant them in the garden without removing from the pots, and they will be ripe two weeks earlier. Tomatoes started this way at the Indiana Experiment Station yielded 4 tons more per acre and ripened 9 days earlier. 500 3-inch dirt bands or 300 4-inch prepaid by mail for $1.00. P. B. CROSBY & SON Catonsville Maryland February, 1915 T H E G A R D E N M AG AZIN E 41 Rose Growing — A Delight Do you know the joy of looking each day for new rosebuds, to watch them open and grow into splendor, to feel as if they were almost human and begging jour care and love? Plant a gar- den of C. & J. Roses and you’ll learn this delight. Ours are the aristocrats of the rose world — selected for their great beauty and hardiness and are guaranteed to grow and t bloom. Selected from all the varieties in commerce ^ they constitute a wide range in color, size and grow- A ing habits for all climates. We offer nearly A and safe. The Rose Guide isa beauty \ —contains 85 instructive illustra- tions— 19 in color — 42 pages of interesting descriptions. It’s free, and with it we send 9 Art Rose Poster Stamps, if you mention The Gar- den Magazine. Drop A H us a postal today. Plan ^ nnw for a beautiful rose garden. Re- ^^k member. (', ic J, ^^^k Koses nre guar- ^^k anteed to The CONARD & Jones Co. Box 24 West Grove, Pa. Rose Specialists — Over 50 Years’ Experience For YOUR Garden Fairfax Sunburst The queen of them all! An exquisite copper yellow, beau- tifully shaded. 2-year old plants forspring CAr delivery \/£ Delicately nurtured roses, propagated in hot green- houses, are not suitable for planting out-of-doors. Even it they do not die at the first touch of frost it will take them years to get acclimated so that they will bloom freely. What you want for your rose garden is plants that have been grown under conditions similar to what you can offer them. Fairfax Roses are propagated under natural conditions and wintered out-of-doors. They are hardy and vigorous, immune to frost and snow, and should thrive in YOUR garden as well as they do in ours. They will bloom luxuriantly the FIRST season — rich, rare blooms full of color and per- fume—without special care or nursing. 1915 Rose Book Free My new Rose Book tells you how to grow roses successfully and if you follow directions you can have a superb rose garden this summer. Write for a copy — it’s free. If you are having trouble with your roses that you do not understand write meabout _ ‘ it andl will gladJyadvise you what todo. W. R. GRAY Box 6, Oakton, Fairfax County, Va. WALSH’S HARDY ROSES Two year old — low budded dormant field-grown stock My roses have a reputation for giving best results and have won many gold and silver medals in past years. They are far superior to pot grown roses which are usually grafted and are seldom over three or four months old. Send for my catalogue which not only describes a most complete collection of the best varieties for the garden, but also gives cultural directions for obtaining the best results in rose growing. Which won the GOLD MEDAL at the Florists’ Conven- tion held in Boston last summer. The “EXCELSA” is the finest and brightest red climbing rose grown and is entirely free from the pur- plish tint which develops in the ordinary Crimson Rambler. Does not be- come unsightly in August. MI! IT/ 1 1 Rose Specialist for 40 Years . ±1. Waist! WOOD S HOLE, MASS. The Readers’ Service will give information about automobiles 42 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE February, 1915 Crucible tool-steel blades are the only kind to successfully stand the severe work in a Power Mower. Every blade of the PENNSYLVANIA Quality Lawn Mower (HAND, HORSE OR POWER) is made of the highest grade of crucible tool steel, oil-hardened and water-tem- pered, and is positively self-sharpening. “Pennsylvania” Mowers stand up under the hardest use, without going to the shop for repairs or grinding, for years at a time. "PENNSYLVANIA’' Quality Mowers have been the standard for over a-third-of-a-century. If you want an easy-driving and smooth-running Mower, one that is best for every class of work, and that will accomplish more with less labor than any other Mower made, insist upon a “PENNSYL- VANIA” Quality. Ask your hardware dealer or seedsman about any of the following "PENNSYL- VANIA” Quality brands: “Pennsylvania” “New Departure” “Great American” “Golf” “Continental” Horse and Power “Keystone*' and others Look for the “Pennsylvania” trade mark on the handle. Mnllorl Free "Scientific Lawn Making.” iTiaiicu i * cc an instructive book written by a prominent authority , gladly mailed to any one interested, together with a catalog of PENNSYLVANIA* * Quality Lawn Mowers . SUPPLEE-B1DDLE HARDWARE COMPANY Box 1575 Philadelphia. V I C K’S GARDEN ^ITTTIM? FOR^* all FLORAL VJ U LUtL 1 9 1 5 ITS FREE Several new WRITE TODAY features. Contains valuable practical information on planting, etc., just what you need to know about the garden. A large number of splendid new varieties. For 66 years the leading authority on V egetable, Flower and Farm Seeds. Plants, Bulbs and Trees. This book, the best we have issued, the result of our experience as the oldest mail order seed concern in America, is yours, absolutely free. Ask for your copy today, before you forget it. JAMES VICK’S SONS 62 Stone Street, Rochester, N. Y. The Flower Ctty “Landscape Extension” in the Middle West MY OLD friends may like to have a word about my new work at the University of Illinois. Many of you, doubtless, have never heard of this institution. It is one of these new Middle Western universities, which have a popularity and magnitude so enormous that I can never get used to their scale of operations. The University of Illinois, for instance, has more than 5,000 students, and has nearly $5,000,000 to spend this biennium. In a good many lines of effort it is recognized as the largest, best, or first. It was the first to employ a man to devote his whole time to University exten- sion work in landscape gardening. The aim of this endeavor is to teach the people of Illinois the best ways of arranging private and public grounds for utility, health, and beauty. The service is intended especially for those who can never afford to employ a landscape gardener. Thus, you see, I am still teaching the old subject that you and I love, but in a “new country.” I have turned from the national field to the state. Instead of trying to cover forty-eight farms, I now cultivate one, and the results are correspond- ingly greater. The movement is just old enough to have the first accurate measure of its achieve- ments. The figures are before me as I write, and if the time were ripe, I would gladly give them to you, for they are most encouraging to all true lovers of home gardening. Suffice it is to say that Illinois is now old enough and rich enough to desire eagerly the best of everything in life, and people are respon- sive to all suggestions for public and private improvements involving a permanent and appro- priate type of beauty. A great change in the public attitude has come within ten years. The Landscape Extension movement could never have succeeded if it had been launched the same day that The Garden Magazine began its •career. This new field I am cultivating in a way that is new to me, for I have become the last thing in the world I expected to be — a lecturer — and do you know, if I must confess the whole truth, I rather like it! The people of Illinois seem willing to give a fair hearing to any one who is very much in earnest, and their friendliness is promptly won by any pictures that show beautiful results achieved by Illinois effort. I like my new tool, the lantern slide, quite as well as the pen. The chief foe of beauty here is apathy — the spirit that is content with bare and ugly home surroundings. You might fancy that such a thing never existed in the world, provided you were luxuriating amid the gardens of Lake Forest, Winnetka, Highland Park, and other famous suburbs of Chicago. But, down here in the Corn Belt, where a bad tenant system curses one of the richest regions in the world, and down in “Egypt,” where the land is too poor to raise wheat, it is rare indeed to see a farmstead that has been planned by a landscape gardener. Many of the farm yards have no ornamental trees and shrubs — other than the ubiquitous windbreak in which the dismal Norway spruce cuts through the billowy grace of prairie woodland like a rip saw. Our main effort, therefore, is to persuade the farmers to spend about $10 each on foundation planting, on the theory that in three years they will like the result well enough to get a plan for improving the whole farmstead. There is no doubt that the “before and after” pictures are persuading the farmers to “loosen up.” Here, then, is a line of achievement in which I never felt that I accomplished anything through writing. It may be a mistake, but I sometimes feel that horticultural periodicals reach only, or chiefly, those who are already “saved.” Like every other missionary I must concern myself mainly with those who have not been enlightened. The lantern slide is the best crusader against ugli- ness, whether in country or city, that we have found. It reaches a class of people who never see The Garden Magazine. Yet they are the ones who need it most. How I wish that some of my old or new friends would send it to one hundred poor homes in a certain Illinois city, where a local organization can prove that every copy would be worn out with use and make all the difference between degrading and inspiring home surround- This instructive book of 144 pages, devoted to everything for the Farm — Garden — Lawn brim- ful of useful information and sug- gestions, is yours for the asking. It is attractively and conveniently arranged with many clear pictures show- ing results you can obtain in your gar- den and text explaining how to get these results. It contains complete description of the latest novelties and specialties in flowers and vegetables, as well as stand- ards. All plants described are grown from su- perior strains, selected from types that we have tested with splendid results. That our seeds give satisfaction is at- tested by the fact that, from a small beginning 1 7 years ago, our business has steaddy grown until it has become nec- essary for us to occupy one of the larg- est buildings in New York devoted to this kind of business. A copy of this useful catalog sent free upon request. Kindly mention “Gar- den Magazine,” when writing. 30 & 32 Barclay Street New York rregoiys Vegetables VTE FAIR Order This State Fair Collection. You will win next fall by growing ^ ** these sorts. 5 large packets 1 |l/» of choicest seeds mailed for X \J X/ Gregory’s Improved Crosby Beet ;Lu- cull us Swiss Chard, for Greens; Sugar Loaf Lettuce, a dandy: Extra Early Scarlet Globe Radish; Gregory ’« Victor Squash. Fine Catalog Free i Describes the very best reliable sorts i of vegetable, field and flower seeds. j| Illustrated with “true-to-nature” 1 pictures. Gives honest prices ^ for honest seeds. Write today. x-.« J. J. H. GREGORY & SON Write to the Readers’ Service for information about live stock February, 1915 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 43 umor PowerLawnMower $225 A well kept lawn is “a thing of beauty and a joy for- ever.” Good taste, joy of ownership, love of beauty and civic pride all are expressed by a handsome lawn, just as a scraggly, ill-kept lawn denotes an owner of careless habits. Specifications Ideal Junior 3 H. P. motor (S. A. E. rating). National high tension magneto. Travels i to 4 miles per hour. 25 inch cut. Cuts s acres per day at cost of 20 cents (10 hours). Climbs 40% grades. Cutting adjustment \ inch to 2 inches. Automatic sharpening device operated bv motor fur- nished with each machine. For large estates, golf clubs and country clubs, we offer the Ideal 38 inch Combina- tion Roller and Mower at $400. Write for catalog illustrated with photographs of these machines in operation. Ideal Power Lawn Mower Co. R. E. Olds, Chairman 416 Kalamazoo St.( Lansing, Mich. OUR CATALOG OF Gladiolus Bulbs Is Now Ready For Distribution It describes more than one hundred choice varieties — many of them quite rare Chamberlain & Company Gladiolus Growers Wellesley Massachusetts D. HILL NURSERY CO.Jnc. Evergreen Specialists 106S Cedar St., Dundee. Ill, Evergreens That Beautify Plant Hill s evergreens of known quality and growth. Make your property more at- tractive — more valuable — a place of beauty and refinement We are evergreen specialists — 56 years* experience. Greatest selection obtainable in Amor- iea.Over50 mil lion of the choic- est and hardiest varieties. Large and small trees supplied in any quantity. Lowest prices. Expert advice and handsome Evergreen Book illustrated in colors free. Avoid disappoint- ments— plant Hill’s ever- greens—famous for over half a century. Safe delivery and satisfaction guaranteed. 'Write today. Get our free book. ‘'The Home of Heather ” KNIGHT & STRUCK CO. Plantsmen — Seedsmen One Madison Ave. New York Announce their Seed and Plant Book for 1915 This distinctly different catalogue, now ready for distribution, has been prepared to help the gardening enthusiast become proficient in his study, to guide him, and to give valuable information. It is a book that will eagerly be sought for its contents and will make a valuable addition to your garden library. A copy will be sent you free on request. Write right now. For information regarding railroad and steamship lines , write to the Readers' Service 44 T II E G A II D E N MAG A Z I N E F EBBDABY, 19 15 WAGNER PARK NURSERIES Box 830. Sidney, Ohio C- A Wagner Planting in Dayton, Ohio Let Wagner Beautify Your Grounds PUT the problem of your landscape treatment up to the Wagner Park Land- scape Architects. Let them work out the' details of planting for immediate effect and for permanent satisfaction. They will enhance the natural charm of pleasant outlook and smiling vista and screen all that is unlovely behind quick growing trees and evergreens. They will bring to their work the rich resources of Wagner Park Nurseries, hardy flowers and roses, shrubbery, vines and grasses, deciduous trees and evergreen conifers, all in the rugged hardihood that assures speedy growth and splendid results. Wagner Landscape Service extends from the simplest home lot to the most ex- tensive estate. It is yours to command. Write today for particulars and for our beautiful new Catalog 57 . Ik Prices Below All Others I will give a lot of new sorts free with every order I fill. Buy and test. Re- turn if not 0. K. — mone^ refunded. Big Catalog FREE Over 700 illustrations of vegetables and flowers. Send yours and your neighbors’ addresses. FINEST GLADIOLI America, Mrs. King, Baron Hulot. 50c. per dozen postpaid. Niagara, Panama, Halley, Scarsdale, Peace, 75c. per dozen, postpaid. FINEST ROSES Best varieties roses. No. i, finest, strong two-year field-grown stock. Only $2.00 per ten. Why pay more? Supply limited. Send for catalogue and order now M. S. PERKINS & CO. Danvers, Mass. Lest You Forget THINGS THAT THRIVE Peonies Iris Gladioli Shrubs Roses Vines, etc. R. H. SHUMWAY Rockford. Illinois FKKI> W. CAKI>, Sylvanla, l*a. Dreer s Dahlias V\7E offer and fully describe in our v * Garden Book this season three hundred and forty-eight of the choicest New and Standard varieties, which include all types and colors of this favorite Fall flower, every one having been carefully tested and found desir- able. If you have never grown Dahlias you should begin by getting our Six “ Incomparable ” Dahlias for Garden Decorations for $1.25 Or s etui for a copy of our Garden Book free and make your own selection. 714-716 Chestnut Street Philadelphia, Pa. HENRY A. DREER Cactus Dahlia DAHLIA SPECIALISTS ings. I verily believe that $150 invested in this way would influence $1,500 worth of permanent improvements in the health, comfort, and beauty of the city! My second enemy has grown so tame that he will eat out of my hand — sometimes, though at others he treacherously nips the outstretched fingers. I blush to mention him by any of the harsh names with which I was wont to assail your finer sensibilities. In polite society he — or is it she? — is known as the “gardenesque style.” You already have proof that I now view this monster with less violent hate and more philosophic calm. No, I have not “sold out” to the interests that care more for quantity than for quality. We do occa- sionally “snick” off a few of the old hydra’s heads, but it is in a spirit of play — not of war. We are too busy illustrating the better thing. But there are two times, in every lecture when The Garden Magazine influence shows itself like a huge bouquet of peonies — the new, fragrant kinds with the good form and color. Whenever I silently introduce the portrait of my dear old friend, the canna bed in the middle of the lawn, there is every kind of joy from the concerted giggle, through honest chortling to the loud guffaw. If a lantern slide “does the trick,” why use mere words? Verily they may be works of supererogation. The same crowd responds in the same way to the lawn that is peppered with cut- leaved, weeping, and variegated freaks. Surely The Garden Magazine had a great part in ed- ucating popular taste among those merry- makers. Indeed the State of Illinois has so many “Gar- den” readers that I trust the editor will indulge me long enough to say a special word to them. Every week, seemingly, a letter comes from some enthusiast who alleges, “You do not know me, but, I have taken Country Life and Garden from the beginning. I bind the volumes, and I have all your writings by heart. Can’t you give us a lecture?” etc., etc. Really, I never knew so many copies of G. M. ever went to the bindery. But do you know the joys of meeting for the first time friends whom you have known for many years by corres- pondence? Then you understand how it feels for a stranger to be welcomed everywhere. May I ask you to receive my new associates in the same spirit? They have all been well trained in design and have had practical experience in the execution of plans. I shall always be glad to meet new-old friends and will see you when I can, but when I can’t, please don’t insist that “no one else will do, because we have taken The Garden Magazine from the beginning,” etc., etc. That song is getting to be a trifle repetitious. We now have three able lecturers who are also designers, and our little one- man movement of two years ago now employs eight persons — a small but devoted band of mis- sionaries. To readers in other states may I give a message? I cannot see you as often as formerly, nor can I write as frequently, but, if you care for it, I will send you a souvenir in the form of a large publication on landscape gardening containing 1 12 illustrations. I can send a limited number of copies to persons outside of Illinois who are willing to do what they can to establish or encourage the landscape exten- sion movement in their own states. This publica- tion is popularly known as the “ Illinois Way.” Of course, a state style of landscape gardening, strictly speaking, is impossible. The “Illinois Way” simply means the use of a high percentage of trees, shrubs, and vines native to Illinois. It is, indeed, merely the old gospel of local color in a new dress that may help to arouse a feeling in your state for your native materials. Some day, I hope I may be able to send you a book on “The Prairie Style of Landscape Gardening.” Much of my old passion for Americanism is now harnessed in the service of this new movement, which means more than local color or even regional color. The Prairie Style of Architecture has a new idea as big as that of the Gothic. If you have seen only extreme forms or imitations of it you may not like my invitation to come to Chicago and see some famous specimens of the “Prairie Style” in landscape gardening. Some come to scoff, but remain to pray. The Prairie Style is not antagonistic to conventional landscape gardening but it places emphasis on the horizontal line and on restoration. Illinois. Wilhelm Miller. February, 1915 T II E G A II D E N M A G A Z 1 N E 45 Refer your difficult garden problems to us. Direct representatives of our nur- sery (expert plantsme.n — we have no 11 agents") travel widely each year, combining touch with your local conditions with our broad knowledge of hardy plants which best meet those conditions. Thomas Meehan & Sons Box 17 Germantown, Philadelphia, Pa. The North-Eastern Forestry Company Specialize in growing young trees for Forest Planting, lining out in nursery rows or under planting. Place your order now. We will hold the stock for you in our nur- series until Spring. Millions of coniferous Seedlings and Transplants of different ages and sizes. Our stock was never better, and prices are exceptionally low for the grade of stock offered. Catalogue and Booklet sent on request, and information regarding stock gladly furnished. “We raise our own trees’’ The North-Eastern Forestry Co. Cheshire, Conn. FRUIT PEARE DWARF TREES PEACH Best for HOME GARDEN BEAR QUICKER LESS ROOM FINEST FRUIT Also Full Line STANDARD FRUIT TREES Choice Stock CATALOGUE FREE THE VAN DUSEN NURSERIES W. L. McKay, Prop, Box G, Geneva, N. Y. ORCHIDS Largest importers and growers of Orchids in the United States Send twenty-five cents for catalogue. This amount will be refunded on your first order. LAGER & HURRELL Orchid Growers and Importers SUMMIT, N. J. Dahlias Cannas Gladioli Catalogue now ready. Will be pleased to mail you copy upon your request. Richard Buys, Paterson, New Jersey How to Grow Fruit FREE Write today for our book — more than a catalog. Tells what to plant in your locality, how to plant, trim and spray. Describes and pictures our immense stock of Apples, Cherries, Peaches, Pears, small fruits, etc. — all “Wood Quality” stock. Also our big stock of ornamental trees, shrubs and plants for beautify- ing your home grounds. IVe sell direct only — at about half agents’ prices. We will send this book abso- lutely free. Not the biggest book, but one you can depend on. Don’t fail to write for a copy — return mail brings it. WOODLAWN NURSERIES, Allen L. Wood, 533 Culver Road, Rochester, New York ■■■■■■■■■■I The Readers' Service will gladly furnish information about Retail Shops We can answer your questions by mail. Or our representative may arrange to call while en tour in Jan- uary or February, if the points in- volved necessitate it. In any event, get our new catalog. It is ready. ‘ANDORRA,- Residence o/Wm. Warner FIarpkk , Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia Showing Results Six Months After Planting Weir's Cut -leaf and Red Maples — and Box Bush ANDORRA TREES for IMMEDIATE EFFECT Start with the largest stock that can be secured! It takes over twenty years to grow many of the Trees and Shrubs we offer. We do the long waiting- — thus enabling you to secure Trees and Shrubs that give an immediate effect. Consult us regarding your planting problems. ANDORRA NURSERIES Wm. Warner Harper, Proprietor Box G, CHESTNUT HILL, PHILADELPHIA, PENNA. 46 T H E G A R D E N M A G A Z I N E February, 191. 5 SUGGESTIONS FOFU THE HOME TABLE Graduate of i fir A&tionaf'fraininy Scffoof of Cookery, London, Gnytand'? \ / 0 on iTuc teef <&yL- EFFIE M , ROBINSON f 1HAVE been on a Quest with a capital Q, to find something different! One gets so tired of meat, ringing the changes on beef, lamb, pork, and veal, and in some families (my own, for instance) even veal is eliminated as it does not seem to agree with us. Now, for a change, it is sometimes pleasant to have fish, either as the chief course of the meal, or perhaps taking the place of soup, for the family dinner, as a rule, consists of only three courses — soup, meat, and dessert. The season of Lent again induces many people to the greater use of fish than at any other time of the year. Fish as it is cooked and served generally in this country seems to have always the same flavor — insipid if boiled and greasy if fried. And there is also but little choice in the kinds of fish. Canned Fish Food I have noticed in the cook books that generally the recipes are for cooking fresh fish and hardly any attention is paid to the canned articles, although in many parts of the country, I mean in the country places, it is almost impossible to get fresh fish. Of course we all know canned salmon, lobsters, and sardines, and how to prepare them; but have you ever tried tuna or tunny fish. Its flavor and texture is fine and firm, the taste being much like chicken, and although really as oily as salmon it seems more di- gestible and blends with other ingredients even more readily I think. It is delicious when mixed up with salad dressing and served on lettuce. Where Monotony Reigned In a little community in which I once lived for some years, there was a hard and fast rule laid down for Friday dinner, or supper, as it was called — fish cakes with tomato sauce! As regularly as clock work the potatoes were boiled and mashed, packages of codfish flakes soaked and dried, and the whole massed together and fried. I think the men of the household, as they traveled home on those Friday nights, must have dreaded their supper! Now a pleasant change would be to serve either devilled or scalloped canned crab meat. The flavor is different from cod. While on the subject of fish cakes there are now canned fish flakes which do not require any soaking previous to use, so that if a little lunch was wanted in a hurry these would be a great convenience. The cans are only ten cents each and a few of them should be kept in the store room. These flakes can also be used for creamed or scalloped fish and in any other way that suggests itself to the clever housekeeper . Another ten-cent article I discovered is a brand of fried fish cakes made from salt fish, potatoes, onions, eggs, butter, and spices. They are ready to serve, only requiring to be heated. So many people are situated so far from stores that it is an absolute necessity to be well supplied with viands of all sorts. Canned oysters and clams, with bouillon, are also reliable and useful for making cock- tails, chowders, stews, serving on toast or in patties. Other ready prepared fish are kippered herrings and, of course, sardines. Sunday Night Suppers It is often a problem to get something good and something different for the Sunday night supper. Cold meat sliced from the day’s hot joint, cold pota- toes fried, or potato salad, pickles, and layer cake are very good in their way; but why not surprise them every Sunday with one hot dish, something new each time. I am most enthusiastic over canned crab meat; I will give you the recipe I use and find always accept- able. The advantage of this is that you can prepare it in the morning and at supper time bake it. Turn the crab meat out of the tin into a shallow bowl, and carefully pick it over as there are membranes and strings to be removed; then break it up into small flakes, carefully mix with it the same quantity of bread crumbs, add half a teaspoonful of dry mustard, one small teaspoonful of salt, a good shake of cayenne pepper, and moisten with an egg well beaten or about two tablespoonfuls of cream. Butter one of those earthen casserole dishes — a deep oval one looks well — - fill it with the mixture and pour over the top three tablespoonfuls of melted butter, put on the lid and bake about half an hour. Take the lid off and brown the top before serving. This should be served right in the dish. I have one with a metal holder which looks pretty on the table. If you have no regular casserole dish pin a folded dinner napkin round the dish you cook the mixture in, setting it on another larger one, and serve it that way. A “Company” Fish Dish I made some “lobster cutlets” the other day that were most delicious. For one tin of lobster take two ounces of butter, two ounces of flour, a quarter of a pint of milk and a quarter of a pint of cream, one teaspoonful of lemon juice, pepper, cayenne pepper, and salt, an egg and some bread crumbs and frying fat or oil. The lobster must be carefully picked over and finely minced — not chopped but cut up with a knife. Melt the butter in a saucepan, but do not let it brown, then very carefully and slowly stir in the flour, stirring constantly, so that it will not get lumpy. Then, still very slowly, stir in the milk and cream and bring it to the boil. All sauces containing flour must boil to burst the starch grains and take away the raw flavor. Boil about a minute, then take it off the fire and add the lobster, lemon juice and all seasonings, mix thoroughly and put it aside to cool. When quite firm make into flat cutlets, dip in eggs, cover with bread crumbs and fry in pan of vegetable oil. I have also tried the delicious canned cod and herring roes that are in the market put up by a certain well known company. These have the flavor of the fish and add zest to a plain lettuce salad. Hard boiled eggs, sliced, are a good addition. Dried Fish an Emergency Dish There is quite a variety of dried fish in the markets, too. The one I like most of all is finnan haddie, a very savory dish with a most appetizing flavor peculiar to itself. Other smoked fish are salmon, halibut, cod fish, bloaters, herring, and salt mackerel. Dried fish costs just about as much as fresh fish but the great advantage is that it can be kept in a cool place for an indefinite period and when prepared seems to equal or, indeed, go farther than the fresh. It must, of course, be either soaked or put in the pot with cold water and gradually brought to the boil; bloaters and herrings, however, are simply scalded and dried thoroughly. These fish can be creamed, served with rice, broiled, scrambled with eggs, even fried in salt pork fat and served with mashed potatoes, or baked in milk. Fish is quite a concentrated food and requires the serving of creamed vegetables with it to give bulk, also salads, and acid fruits for dessert. Dorothy’s Getting Well Dorothy is just getting over the measles, and the Kew- pies, knowing it is time for her to be going back to her favorite dish, bring her a delicious dish of Raspberry It is one of the beauties of Jell-O that it is good for everybody, and any suggestion for the home table that omits Jell-O is seriously incomplete. Made in seven pure fruit flavors: Raspberry, Strawberry, Orange, Lemon, Cherry, Peach, Chocolate. Sold by all grocers, 10 cents a package. The new Jell-O book is a real Kewpie book, with pictures of the Kewpies by Rose O’Neill herself. If you desire one and will write and ask us for it we will send it to you free. THE GENESEE PURE FOOD CO. Le Roy, N. Y. and Bridgeburg, Can. ROYAL & ABSOLUTELY PURE The Prudent Houfetvife JVo Other Contains No Alum All foods advertised in this department have been tested and approved by EJJie M. Robinson. They are also sold and recommended by the Doubleday, Page & Co. Cooperative Store February, 1915 T H E G A R 1) E N M A G A Z I N E 47 $1420 from 133 J. H. Hale Peach Trees Averages 3 to § larger than Elberta; round, globular shape; golden yellow, carmine blush; solid as a cling yet perfect freestone; smooth, tight skin like an apricot; firm, solid — stands shipment almost like apples; ripens 5 days ahead of Elberta; hangs longer on trees; late bloomer; hardier than Elberta and other hardy peaches; fruit brings nearly double Elberta prices. Genuine trees obtainable only from Wm. P. Stark Nurseries, Stark City, Mo. Special Collection “B-X” $5.00 35 Trees, Shrubs and Vines — Postpaid Only Peach 5 "J. H. Hale” (Medium) 1 Alton (Early) 2 Early Elberta (Medium) 1 Red Bird Cling (Extra Early) Apple 4 Original Delicious (Win- ter) 1 Livland Raspberry (Sum- mer) 1 Wealthy (Fall) Grape 1 Agawam (Red) 1 Brighton (Red) 1 Campbell Early (Purplish Black) 1 Concord (Black) No Agents — i Diamond (Yellowish White) 3 Moore Early (Purplish Black) 1 Niagara (White) 1 Worden (Black) Ornamentals 1 Dorothy Perkins Climb- ing Rose 1 General Jacqueminot Rose 1 Helen Gould Rose 4 Spire a Van Houttei (Plant) (Bridal Wreath) 1 Russian Olive (Small Tree) 2 Honeysuckle Vine (Hall’s) Save l/z to Our catalog is our only salesman. Buy direct from Nursery and save money on all best varieties apple, peach, pear, plum, apricot, quince, grapes, bush fruits, roses, ornamentals, shrubs, etc. WM. P. STARK NURSERIES Box 388 Stark City, Mo. ^IIIIIIMMMIIIMMliniMMIIMIMIIIIIIIIIIMnilllllllllllinillllllMliniUllllllMIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIHIMIIininllllllllMIIIIIIMIIinillllllinillHIIMIIIMMinitltUMIIIIIIinilMIMMIIMUIIIIIIMIIIIIIinillllMHMIHIIMIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIIIIIMIIIIHMMIIIIMIMIIIUIIIIIinuiMIIIIIMMHIIIMIIIIIIMIIIIIIHIIIIIIIinillllllllU I “Peace” and “War” I “Peace” Two of Mr. Co wee’s Magnificent Gladioli Peace is one of the most beautiful of all the varieties I have introduced. The color is almost clear, pure white, with delicate veinings of lavender on the in- ferior petals. The flowers are large, and the buds will open the entire length of the spike, making “Peace” especially useful for house and table decorations. War is of the darkest blood-red imag- inable; the deep, broad throat is shaded and tinged with lustrous crimson-black. A wonderfully brilliant and striking flower that draws the attention of every visitor who sees the fields at Meadowvale Farms when the flowers of this variety are in their glory. "War’' | Cowee’s Gladiolus Bulbs Do Not Disappoint | I have only one ambition — to grow bulbs that will produce the most satis- j | factory flowers for my customers. I know I have succeeded, for every day | I some one tells me of the pleasure they derived from the bulbs I sent to them. J Here are two letters from the number, one from New England and one from I 1 the Northwest: The bulbs I received from you last year produced very fine blooms and the flowers far surpassed in size and beauty any I have ever seen. — F. A. G., Conn. The Gladioli have been in bloom for a couple of weeks; they are the wonder of the neighborhood and a source of immense pleasure and satisfaction to me. — S. II. B., Minn. “The Garden of My Heart” | is the title of a little story told by a dear old lady who loved the Gladiolus as | some people love the rose. You will enjoy the story, the pictures of different I varieties grown at Meadowvale Farms, and the information given about my { I bulbs. Send me your name and address and I will mail a copy to you. ARTHUR COWEE Box 180, Berlin, N. Y. \ ^IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIMIIIinillHIIIIIIIMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIH RIPE TOMATOES Earlier than you ever had them before No danger from frost, cold winds or late springs when protected with It Seed & PJdn t forcer Makes any kind of seeds or plants grow in the open garden just the same as if under hotbed sash. Cheap enough to use ’em by the i.ooo. Private and market gardeners take the hint. It’s the early crop that brings the pleasure and the profit. Send for my beautifully illustrated free catalog. It’s a compendium of many new and wonderful inventions for the up-to-date gardener. You’ll be glad you sent for it. The Ball Manufacturing Co. Dept. E. Glenside. Pa. — M INSUREYourPlciniinfr j Build up your soil and increase the yields. Unless you add HUMUS and PLANT FOODS to depleted soils you cannot expect results. Hoe“ure DIAMOND BRAND COMPOST SStaE is free from weed seeds, largely HUMUS and abounds in plant foods. It will also stimulate bacteriological action in the soil. A large grower aptly says “ Stable Manure is the only thing that supplies all the needs for truck, gardening, green- houses and lawns, with one application.” Give your lawn a coating of Com- post this Spring — need not be raked off — it will hold the moisture dur- ing the summer and keep your grass green. Use it in your vegetable and flower gardens. Put up in bags 100 lbs. each. Write for Circular “C” and prices. NEW YORK STABLE MANURE Co! fc* £73 WASHINGTON STREET. JERSEY CITV.n. J £ Dried, Ground The Readers' Service is prepared to advise parents in regard to schools 4K T H E G A R I) E N M A G A Z I N E V E « R l \ R V . 1 i) 1 .5 “ The stock ain’t fed yet, Hiram!’'' Played in town or country house — CAROM and POCKET BILLIARDS abound with thrills that crowd right out of mind the weighty cares ot the day! Thousands of homes are endowed with Billiards. Mothers, fathers, sons and daughters, and guests — everybody plays these princely games nowadays. And a real Brunswick 1 able will make your home the center of your social life. Brunswick Home Billiard Tables “GRAND” and “BABY GRAND” Built exactly like our famous regulation tables for all games of carom and pocket billiards — yet sizes and designs that har- monize with home surroundings. “GRAND” and ” BAB Y GRAND,” superbly made from rare and beautiful mahogany, richly inlaid. Have genuine Vermont slate bed. Monarch cushions — famed for lightning action — fast imported billiard cloth — life, speed and accuracy. A Year to Pay — Playing Outfit Free! Our popular purchase plan lets you try any Brunswick 30 days before you buy. Pay monthly if you wish — terms as low as 20 cents a day! Balls, Hand-Tapered Cues, Rack, Markers, Tips, Cue Clamps, Table Cover, expert rules on “How To Play,” etc. — all included without extra cost. Now get our valuable book, “Billiards — The Home Magnet,” that pictures all Brunswick Home Tables in actual colors, gives low factory prices and full details. Sent FREE. : '"Mail for Billiard Book FREE' ■£ ■ The Brunswick-Balke-Collender Co. (382) ■ Dept. 9-N, 623-633 S. Wabash Ave., Chicago : Send postpaid, free, your color-illustrated catalog, : i “Billiards— The Home Magnet” j : with details of your 30-day trial offer. S Name 5 ■ A ddress ■ P O , O - O Hicks’ Big Trees at Reduced Prices 10 Years Saved You may have a bare lawn and need shade. Why spend money to save time in other ways, and then buy small trees that take years to produce the re- sults you want? Hicks’ Nurseries offer trees twenty years old that save ten to fifteen years. Ten of the most perfect Norway Maples, 25 feet high and 15 feet wide, at 25% reduction because they are crowding on our nursery roads. Guaranteed trees that do not grow satisfactorily are cheerfuffy replaced. Send for Catalogs offering shrubs, fruit trees, and hardy flowers. The Hicks catalogs will aid you in select- ing trees that flt your soil and climate. =[ick5 iregs Isaac Hicks &>Son Wostburn . Lon*? Island The R ose Society’s Trial Garden THE American Rose Society last spring com- pleted arrangements to cooperate with the United States Department of Agriculture in estab- lishing a rose garden in Washington, D. C. This garden is to contain as complete a collection of roses as will grow out-of-doors in this section of America. The society is furnishing the roses, while the Depart- ment has set aside two acres of ground at its Arling- ton farm for the garden. The garden already contains about 320 varieties and eventually the site can accommodate as many as 2,000 varieties if they can be secured. The roses are arranged as far as possible accord- ing to parentage. Teas and hybrid teas, for in- stance, have a bed to themselves, as do hybrid perpetuals. As far as is practicable, roses are arranged according to color. Arbors will be in place next spring. A fence six feet high, on which climb- ing roses will grow, is to surround the garden. The walks are of tuif, a different kind of grass having been used in making each walk. Any grower of roses who thinks he may have roses not already in the national collection, has been invited by the American Rose Society to con- tribute a sample plant. Correspondence concerning such plants should be sent to Air. Alexander Cumnv ing, Jr., of Cromwell, Conn., chairman of the society’s Committee on Gardens. Either Air. I Cumming or the Department of Agriculture will supply a plan of the garden and a list of varieties already grown. Tuberous Begonias From Seed AS A low pot plant for decorative purposes, the tuberous begonia is unexcelled. It is won- derfully floriferous, and the blossoms have color, j form, and individuality. The foliage is a dark, glossy green. Sow the seed in January, February, or Alarch, although I have always had better luck from early planting. Use shallow pans in which has been placed an abundance of drainage and a sifted soil that is light in texture. An excellent one is com- posed of about one third well decayed leafmold, one third good turfy loam and a scant third of clean, sharp sand. Run this mixture through a fine sieve; one made from mosquito netting is ideal. Put the rough parts that won’t go through this sieve in the bottom of the pan over the drainage; then place about one half inch of the sifted compost on top, firming gently with a seed board. Sow the seed very thinly and do not cover it, but simply press it into the soil with the seed board. Do not water on top; the seed is very minute, almost resembling dust, so hold the pan in a pail of water and let the soil absorb it. Do not allow the water to come up to the level of the soil; hold the pan so that the rough j soil in the bottom is immersed for a few minutes. The top soil will absorb the moisture. Then place the pan in a warm greenhouse where 65 or 70 degrees at night is maintained. Cover the seed pan with ground glass or, lacking that, clear glass, and shade with paper as soon as the young plants appear. Ventilate the pan, or the seedlings will “damp off.” Water carefully. Top watering is to be avoided; I would recommend using the system explained above until the plants are removed from the pans. When the young plants are large enough to handle, pot them up into thumb pots; if neglected too long they will surely be stunted or will “damp off.” A better method is to place the young plants in flats about one inch apart until they get more growth. (For the shift use a soil that has some dried cow manure in it. Run it through a sieve. Use about one sixth of this to one third leafmold, one third turfy loam, and one sixth sand.) This is rather a tedious performance and is done by using two dib- bers just about the size and shape of well sharpened pencils. Lift the young seedlings with the two dibbers; then make a hole with one, set the plant and cover with the other dibber. Keep the young plants partially shaded and water carefully. When the plants have attained size and before there is any danger of their crowding, pot them up in thumb pots, using about the same mixture as recommended above. Keep on shifting to larger pots as may be necessary, but don’t, under any cir- cumstances, over-pot. Always knock a plant out * ♦ 4 4 4 4/.. What more pleasurable surprise could you give wife or mother than to present her with a daintily decorated, serviceable set of din- nerware? She would be especially ap- preciative should you select Homer Laughlin China. The graceful shapes, snowy-white glaze and exquisite pat- terns of this fine ware appeal to the woman who has an eye for artistic table decoration. In no less degree do its ex- cellent wearing qualities, and the fact that all patterns areopen stock— making it easy to keep any set complete at all times — appeal to her sense of economy and practicability. Homer Iaughun CHINA - ♦ 4 4' ♦ - 4 *• 4 4 ; * 4 * 4 4 ♦ 4 ♦ 4 lp gr- 41- - ♦ ’ 4 . 4 Made in America— in the largest pottery in the world — with 42 years of experience in china making as surety for its uniform excellence. The better dealers everywhere feature Homer Laughlin China and unhesitatingly recommend it. Your dealer will gladly show you his stock. The very modest prices will surprise you no less than the distinctive beauty of the ware itself. The trade mark ‘‘Homer Laughlin,” on the underside of each dish, is our guarantee to you of lasting satisfaction. Write for the China Book, a handsome brochure with color illustrations and valuable suggestions on the selection and care of dinnerware — it’s free. The Homer Laughlin ChinaCompany, Newell, WestVirgi -J!$ &£ irginia •■§£.. rS - -I*. < ITaK’iT T.T • .v. OLD FASHION FLOWERS ARE OUR SPECIALTY Choicest kinds, Astilbe, Coreopsis, Hardy Chry- santhemums, Sweet William, Lemon Lily, Garden Lily, Dame Rocket. Hollyhocks, Lily of the Valley, Periwinkle, Iris Siberica, Garden Pinks, Phlox, Spirea Elegans, Ferns, Box Edging. Any one kind, 15 cents each, $1.25 per 10, $10.00 per 100. Finest Shrubs. Japanese Barberry, Hydrangea, Forsythia, Hypericum, Honeysuckle vine, Lilacs, Mock Orange, Japanese Rose, Strawberry Bush, Bridal Wreath, Spirea Arguta. Any one kind 2; cents each, $2.00 per 10, $18.00 per 100. Assorted, our selection, same prices. WYOMANOCK NURSERIES, R. 1., Lebanon Springs, N. Y. The Readers’ Service will give information about automobiles February. 1 9 1 .5 T H E G A R 1) E N INI A G AZIN E 49 ROSES Our Rose Plants are strongest and best. They are always grown on their own roots. More than 60 years of “knowing how” behind each plant; that fact __ is your guarantee of satisfaction. Safe delivery guaranteed — our guide explains. No matter where you live you can depend on getting D & C roses in per- fect condition. Write for Our “New Guide to Rose Culture’’ tor 1915— Free This is absolutely the most educational work on rose culture ever published. It isn’t a catalog— it is the boiled-down, lifetime experience of the oldest rose growing house in the United States. The guide is free. It is profusely illus- trated i n natural colors. Describes over 1000 varieties of roses and other flowers and tells how to grow them. This guide will be treasured long by rose lovers — write before issue is all gone. It's free — send today. No other rose house has our reputation: Established 1850. 70 Greenhouses . THE DINGEE & CONARD CO. Box 237 West Grove, Pa. East Entrance to Conservatories Free to Flower Lovers on Request Gloede’s Complete, Revised Manual on Horti- culture and Rare Perennials, contains varieties that are not found in any other catalogue. Mr. Gloede has personally developed a remarkable number of rare and beautiful perennials which have taken years to accomplish and which are fully de- scribed in this book. Do not neglect to send for booklet No. 3, fully illustrated, on Mr. Gloede’s new invention of a scientific hanging basket and plant receptacle. If you want something different and the envy of your neighbors you will send for both today. ^GLOEDE’^ONSERVATOMES^iNMNSTONML^^ Over 100 Magnificent, New Dahlias originated by myself are put on the market in 1 9 1 5 for the first time. I grow over 1 000 varieties of dah- lias. Catalogue free. Geo. L. Stillman Dahlia Specialist Box C-5, Westerly New Paeony-Flowered Dahlia, Loveliness Rhode Island Jl~ A concise, easily understood explanation of the principles of Landscape Gardening, with directions for adapting them to any home. Especially valuable for owners of small and medium -size grounds. Many planting plans — with planting keys to show correct methods of landscaping. Tells how to be your own landscape I architect — how to properly plant your place M — best shade trees and ornamentals to use K to obtain desired effects. A new depar- ture — only book of its kind — written by practical experts. Simplified With the Compliments of STARK BROS Genuine J. H. Hale — wholesale prices. Best peach to follow Stark Early Elberta — very large, highly colored, more profitable than old Elberta. Has great record in our Louisiana, Mo., orchards. Wholesale Catalog Free— sS?k°BrosinNew Wholesale Catalog, containing special wholesale prices, also the famous “Story of an Apple.” Describes every money- making sort— shows you how to buy the best proved trees. Don’t fail to get this splendid free book— also Landscaping Simplified.” Write us today. will save you big money. Edition is limited — ask for your free copy now (use coupon). We save you money on ornamentals — on everything for your lawn, garden, orchard or farm. Published by the century-old nursery company that has given to the world the great Stark Delicious — *he ’World’s Greatest A — ciirnct rrmnpv. STARK BROS., Box 121 Louisiana, Mo. Please send free copy of great new book, “Landscaping Simplified,” which will tell me how to be my own Landscape Architect— free. I am interested in Stark Early Elberta-£X-™,d'-f greatest for shipping, marketing and canning — two weeks ahead of old Elberta and J. H. Hale— thor- oughly tested— succeeds in all peach sections. Stark Delicious Stark Early Elberta Wholesale Catalog Stark Bros. 121 Louisiana, Mo, LJ Other Fruits I may need about. Number Name Dodson Purple Martin House — 26 rooms and attic. Price $12.00, or with all-copper roof. $15 f.o.b. Chicago. How would you like to have a colony of sociable purple martins, or a family or two of Wrens or Bluebirds or Flickers living on your grounds this year ? Now is the time to invite them by setting out Dodson bird houses — because birds favor houses which are a bit weather-worn. I’ve won thousands of bird tenants for myself and my friends. I’ll help you win birds — wherever you live. Write for my free Book About Birds based upon my 19 years’ work for our native birds. Among the 24 bird houses, shelters, baths, etc., described and Dodson sparrow illustrated in my free book are : 1 rap J , Bluebird House. $5.00. Swallow House, $3.00 and $4.00. Chickadee or Nut-Hatch House, $2.50 and $3.50. Flicker or Woodpecker House, $2.50 to $5.00. Flycatcher House, $3.00 and $4.00. Observation House, $4.00 and $5.00 The famous Dodson Sparrow Trap automatically catches these quarrelsome pests — catches as many as 75 a day. Price $5.00. All prices are 1. o. b. Chicago. Dod*nn|» ren House — solid oak, cypress roof. Price $5 f.o.b. Chicago. JOSEPH H. DODSON, 709 Security Building, Chicago, 111. NOTE — Mr. Dodson, a Director of the Illinois Audubon Society will gladly answer any questions on the subiect of attracting and protecting our native birds. Th,t Readers' Service will gladly furnish information about Retail Shops 50 T HE G A R DEN M A G A Z I N E February, 1915 Gladioli A Great Bargain in Finest Quality Bulbs I have secured an option upon a large quantity of the following choice varieties, which I can sup- ply, while they last, at the prices quoted. 160 iooo AMERICA, finest pink; large flowers {1.25 $10.00 AUGUSTA, pure white; large flowers 1.50 12.00 BARON HULOT, beautiful rich blue 2.00 17.00 BR ENCH LEYENSIS, brilliant vermilion-scarlet 1.25 10.00 H ALLEY, bright salmon-pink; very popular 2.00 17.00 HOLLANDIA. rich salmon-orange; beautiful 2.00 17.00 MRS. FRANCIS KING, flamingo-scarlet; large 2.00 17.00 NIAGARA, soft primrose-yellow, large and beautiful .. . 5.00 40.00 PINK BEAUTY’, peach blow pink; early 1.00 10.00 PRINCEPS, rich crimson-scarlet; large and brilliant. .. . 2.50 20.00 TEN EACH OF THE ABOVE (regular price $5) 100 bulbs, 2 Dollars These bulbs were grown under contract by a prominent Holland grower for the French, German and Russian trade. The contracts were broken on account of the war, and the grower is compelled to sell at a great sacrifice. I will guarantee that they are of the same I* INE QUALITY as the goods I reg- ularly deliver to my customers. They are packed in lots of ioo, and not less than ioo bulbs will be sold to a cus- tomer at these prices. This is the great- est bargain ever offered in Gladioli Bulbs, and the entire allotment will be quickly taken. Compare these prices with any catalog and send your order with remit- tance today. A. B. Vanderbeek Paterson, N. J. ’-THOUSANDS of people aU A over the country know that for over ten years I have been selling the best gladioli at the lowest prices and I want more of them to know it. 1 keep getting and grovving the best varieties and I keep putting the prices down to meet the purses of the people. I am again offer- ing Fifty carefully selected gladiolus bulbs of flowering size for Fifty (50) Cents and I “pay the freight” and send my instructive catalogue of new and old named sorts and mixtures. This collection will contain a number of the best named sorts but without marks. Don’t forget that there are no better bulbs than I offer. I grow them myself and they are especiaLly,fine this year. Send your orders in now'. Box B GEO. S. WOODRUFF Independence, Iowa IRISES ens Exclusively There is no flower jg,j, as stately and artistic as this most popular of Ohio hardy garden flowers. We are the only Iris Specialists in America, grow- ing, and offering Irises ex- clusively. Beautiful catalog on request. ERITH N. SHOUP The Gardens DAYTON, OHIO Alexander’s Quality Dahlias THE TWENTIETH CENTURY FLOWER of the pot to determine if it needs repotting, and do not give them too great a shift at one time. I usually shift from a thumb pot to a 3-inch one, thence to a 4-inch and from that to a six, which is the final potting. The soil you can keep gradually The tuberous begonia, an unexcelled low pot plant for the house improving each time, using about one third manure, one third loam, and one third leafmold in the final mixture, with just a scattering of sand to keep it open. When the plants have filled the 6-inch pots with roots, they can be fed rather sparingly at first with liquid manures, using it freely after the plants have become accustomed to it. Keep the plants in the greenhouse until they are in full flower; then remove them to the house or conser- vatory for decoration. After the flowers begin to fall the bulbs can be gradually dried off and used the following season. Do not shade the plants too densely during the summer, or they will become soft, I have always used a slat trellis and have found it very satisfactory. New York. W. C. McCollom. English Rockeries HAVING had the pleasure of watching the dawn and growth and bloom of an English spring, I have become especially interested in the Alpine and other low-growing plants; those that are used so much and so delightfully in the English rock gardens. I have wondered whether, we in America, in our efforts after glowing masses and effects, are not losing sight of the deep, contented pleasure to be found in the dainty groups of this Alpine brotherhood. In a florist’s garden I saw them at their best; of course, being in England, he had for a background the centuries-old brick wall, crowned with ivy; and The Dahlia of to-day is of surpassing beauty as a single flower, exquisite for private gardens, charming in masses, and ideal for planting against shrubbery. Alexander’s Up=to=date Dahlias lead the World; because they are perfect in type and shape, beautiful in color and, most important of all — Free flowering. Our many customers are satisfied; they receive good stock; true to name, and best of all — Guaranteed to Grow. All Flower Lovers are invited to send to the Dahlia King for his Free Illustrated Catalogue, which contains helpful descriptions and valuable cultural hints on Dahlias, Gladi- olus, Roses, Cannas, Peonies, and Iris. J. K. ALEXANDER “The Dahlia King.” 27-29 Central Street, EAST BRIDGEWATER, MASS. he had made his rocky bed so well that the effect was just that of a rift of stone rising out of the ground. Little of the rock was to be seen, save for a tempting miniature path that wound with broken stone steps through the bed. Over the whole there was a riot of mauve and white and yellow and pink, each color waving on slenderest stem over its bed of mossy green. Every shade of aubretia (whose every-day name is rock- cress) was there — purple, mauve, lavender and white — and every cousin, I should think, of the saxifrage family, pink, white and crimson. There was our own familiar hen-and-chickens; low ferns and heart’s-ease and primroses. Every Dahlias Imported and home ’grown. The very best to be found at reasonable prices. All in field grown tubers, plants sent out unless wanted. No Southern grown bulbs are full of vitality. One clump had eighty- three blooms, not counting buds. Six hundred varieties. Send for Catalog. postal MRS. H. A. TATE Old Fort, N. C. Prize Medal Dahlias Hundreds of our catalogues were mailed to readers of The Garden Magazine last spring for the first time, accompanied by a sample bulb. We will be pleased to know if the bulb gave satisfac- tion and if you are still interested in the culture of Dahlias. We will be glad to forward you copy of our 1915 catalogue. We solicit your patronage, if you consider the quality of our stock worthy of same; and we are sure you will. 1915 CATALOGUE NOW READY FORBES & KEITH Importers and growers oj Prize Medal Dahlias 299 Chancery Street New Bedford, Mass. Gladiolus Bulbs THE BARGAIN OF YOUR LIFE. 12 Kunderdi Glory (Immense Cream, Ruffled); 12 Princeps (The Ama- ryllis Flowered); 12 America, (Lavender Pink); 12 Mrs. Francis King (Flame Color); 48 strong blooming bulbs, $1.00 postpaid. A beautiful little book for the asking. JOE COLEMAN, Grower, Lexington, Ohio. CHRYSANTHEMUM SPECIALISTS The fact that we are specialists and are the only firm in America devoting our entire energies to the culture of ’mums should convince you of the advisability of placing your orders with us. We have been introducing novelties since 1890 and all the best,' American products originated with us. During the past season we submitted 18 seedlings to the Chrysanthemum Societies’ committees and were awarded 16 first-class certificates. Write for our catalogue — it is ready for 1915 ELMER D. SMITH & CO. Adrian, Mich. Have you Gardening Questions ? Experts will answer them free. If a plant fails, tell us about it and ask help from Readers’ Service. HARDY CHRYSANTHEMUMS are the feature of the Garden in Autumn Their hues of yellow, light and dark bronze, terra cotta and maroon harmonize with autum- nal colorings. Classified list with full instructions for culture sent on application. We are Specialists Send your name for free subscription to our helpful and interesting “ Flower Guide." The Strafford Flower Farm Box 70 Strafford, Pa. February, 1915 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 51 Fottler Fiske Rawson Co. 12 and 13 Faneuil Hall Square BOSTON NOW is the best time for the selection of Seed for your 1915 Garden. OUR 5-IN-l CATALOGUE should be in your home For 1915 We combine 5 special catalogues in 1, mak- ing a grand Garden Book, its 208 pages full to the brim of Garden information. The Seeds to Plant The Tools to Plant them With The Fertilizers to Make them Grow The Insecticides to Keep the Bugs Off The Sprayers for Using Insecticides Dahlias ‘‘26 Pages,” 600 Varieties o the most choice selections known, including many new introductions. Gladiolus 100 Named Varieties Poultry Supplies Everything combined in this grand Gar- den Book, free to you for the asking BOSTON 12 and 13 Faneuil Hall Square Fottler Fiske Rawson Co. For That Garden of Yours Use Alphano Humus Solve Soil Enriching Question Decrease Work. Increase Results. THE fertility of all soils absolutely depends on the humus they contain. Restore the humus to an unproductive soil and its fertility returns. Without the bacterial action produced by humus, the soil plant foods remain locked up. It’s the humus in soil that holds the moisture, and fortifies it against dry weather. Alphano Humus is the remains of centuries of vegetable and animal life, and is rich in plant foods. It is an odorless, weed seedless soil builder, which we prepare in powdered form, ready for immediate use. It can easily and quickly be incorporated with the soil, giving to it a long enduring fertility. For gardens, lawns, shrubs and trees, it is ideal. Its cost is so moderate and its results so satisfactory, that you can afford to use it freely. Send for the Humus Book. It tells you about humus in general and Alphano Humus in particular. It contains valuable directions for its use. Tell us kind of soil and extent of ground you have, and we will advise you how best to treat it. $12 a ton in bags $8 by the carload in bulk F. O. B. Alphano, N. J. AlpKa.no Humu5 Co, 17 C Battery Place, New York Pulverized Sheep Manure Best for Lawns and Gardens Nature’s own plant food for all crops. Especially good for lawns, gardens, etc., where quick and cer- tain results are neces- sary. Used exten- sively for small fruits, shrubbery, etc. Rich in nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash; also adds humus. Our Sheep’s Head Brand is Guaranteed Clean Nothing But Sheep Manure Free from weed seeds, which are killed by heat. Dried and pulverized for easy application. Send for information and prices, de- livered, on any quantity desired. Natural Guano Co. 803 River St. Aurora, 111. Write For 5000 ED CC Bargain Catalog r II CL Lumber Mill work, Hardware. Painting vith Complete Working Plans, Speci- fications (“Quality” Plan No. 147) $452 Lumber, Millwork, Hardware with Complete Working Plans, Specifications No. 158 j, Painting $908 Lumber, Millwork, Hardware, Painting Complete Working Plans, Specifications No. 140 $683 Save 50% On Your New House Gordon-Van Tine direct-to-you wholesale prices right now are about 50 per cent under the market. Grand 5,000 Bargain Building Material Catalog just out shows everything — Lumber List shows $100 to $300 per car saved on highest quality lumber shipped anywhere. Catalog illustrates and describes all building material — Doors, Windows, Casings, Mouldings, Hardwood Floors, Storm Doors, Storm Sash, Roofing, Stair Work, Siding. Porch Work, Wall Board, Shingles, Paint, Builders’ Hardware, etc. No mid- dlemen’s profit. Quick Shipments, safe delivery', quality, quantity and Satisfaction Guaranteed — or money back. Guarantee backed by three banks. Proved true by 100,000 regular home customers, including 10,000 shrewd buying contractors and carpenters who get the same wholesale prices you can get. Freight is a trifle. For every' nickel of freight cost —WE SAVE YOU DOLLARS IN PRICE. We Ship Anywhere! See Our Guarantee! WRITE — Get our $10,000 Book of Plans FREE Shows 100 "Quality Houses,” Cottages, Bungalows, etc. — most complete, practical, artistic plans ever drawn for houses costing $600 to $6000. Saving you $200 to $1500 Estimates at guaranteed costs furnished FREE. Full set of Architects Blue Print Plans and Specifications free of cost for any house you select from our Plan Book. Enclose 10 cents to cover mailing and postage if you want the Plan Book. Grand catalog FREE. Investigate. Become a real judge of value. Write for all these splendid Gordon-Van Tine Books today — NOW and get 5000 money-saving offers in first quality Building Materials and Complete Home Plans. GORDON-VAN TINE CO., 5548 Case St., Davenport, la. {BUSINESS ORIGINALLY ESTABLISHED 1863—51 YEARS) 52 T II E G A R D E N M A G AZIN E F F. B R O .V R V , 19 15 Helen’s Favorite Flowers Yielding a Mass of Blooms FREE To get our beautiful Spring catalogue to as many lovers of flowers as possible, we will mail you one packet each of Rainbow Mixed Sweet Peas, Shirley Poppy and Giant Mixed Cosmos; Tomato, Bonfire; Lettuce, All-heart, and our catalogue included, if you will send us your name and address and TEN cents in stamps or coin to cover mailing. The catalogue contains all the Flower and Vegetable novelties for 1915, and much relia- ble information explaining in detail how to plant. One million packets will be distributed this year. May we add your name to our list. WM. ELLIOTT & SONS Est. 1845 45 Vesey St., New York now and again there were taller plants — dielytra, or love-lies-bleeding, bluebells in white and pink and blue, and suggestive waving clusters here and there of columbine. Just enough to break a possible monotony of low-lying plants. The soil that the Alpine plants thrive in must be full of lime; bits of mortar and brickbats, broken to a dust, should be mixed with a soil that is not too rich; and if these plants, which like the cold so much, are to live through summer heat, they must be watered very freely. If this is true of an English summer, I should think the inference would be, that, to survive our July*, and Augusts, they must be planted in shady corners, and I am sure that they should be protected in winter from alternate freez- ing and thawing. They grow very quickly, even in two years spreading into quite sizeable, delight- ful, cushion-shaped plants. England. Eleanor L. Wolcott. [Editors’ Note: From many sources we scent a budding interest in the possibilities of alpines in America. What can our readers tell about actual trials? We should also be glad to hear of any rock gardens and to receive photographs. Let’s all get together for the alpine!] The Opalescent Apple EXPERIENCE has made us wary of the siren call of some florid announcements and conser- vative in our acceptance of “new” varieties. Be- fore we recognize a new government or a new berry we wish to be assured of its stability. I venture to select the Opalescent apple for special mention because it bears the stamp of approval of at least two discriminating pomologists — Prof. C. P. Close of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, and Prof. U. P. Hedrick of the New York State Experiment Station at Geneva. “It is a splendid variety,” says Professor Hedrick, “and one of the most attractive apples grown.” With the single exception of Delicious it is un- doubtedly the best • nple that has been introduced within the past ten or fifteen years, though it has not enjoyed the wide-spread advertising that has made Delicious famous. About the year 1899 a nurseryman of Xenia, Ohio, found a number of apple seedlings growing in an old orchard. One of these he saved and planted in a vacancy in a near by row with the idea of top-grafting it when large enough. The fruit borne by this tree a few years later attracted atten- tion as being superior to anything else growing in the orchard, and the tree was saved. From this beginning the Opalescent apple was developed. Opalescent is a late fall or early winter variety, its natural season lasting from November to Jan- uary. It is a large apple, round and shapely, with a glossy skin, deep red on a yellow ground. Its unusually handsome appearance, as well as its excel- lent quality, classes it as a dessert apple of the sort with which Eastern growers may hope to compete on equal terms with the showy fruit of the far West. Its flesh is yellowish, firm, crisp, tender, and juicy, mildly sub-acid, and of a delightful flavor. Long Island. Walter A. Dyer. Making Celery a Pure Food AS MOST gardeners know, it is almost im- possible to raise celery — at least for market — without spraying it occasionally with bordeaux mixture. Neglect this precaution and there result both crop and expectations blighted. On the other hand, careless spraying and, espe- cially, the use of dry bordeaux, are almost sure to result in an accumulation of copper salts at the base of the stalks. And, thanks to Doctor Wiley and his followers, we know that copper is neither nut- ritious nor wholesome. To steer between this Scylla and Charybdis requires the combined efforts of grower and con- sumer. Let the former use a thoroughly efficient, powerful spray outfit — one that produces a mist rather than a spray; and let him simply cover each plant with drops, moving on before they run together and down in between the stalks. The housekeeper’s duty is to see that the stalks are washed, thoroughly and entirely. New York. E. L. D. S. Do You Have to be Shown ? I 'm told that I have the best quality of seed, give the largest packages and have the most common- sense Seed Book in the bunch. And I’ in willing to admit it. Do you have to be shown ? All right. I live close to the Mis- souri line and I’ll “show'* you. I'll send you the Seed Book and a big package oj garden seed, and you can judge for yourself. NO CHARGE FOR EITHER, and you need not even send the postage unless you wish. I also have guaranteed Clover and Alfalfa, and all kinds of farm seed at Farmer's Prices. Shall I send you free samples of these also ? HENRY FIELD . Pre». HENRY FIELD SEED CO. Box 101, Shenandoah, Iowa “Strawberry Plants That Grow” All the best June and Fall-bearing varieties also best Rasp- berry. Blackberry. Currant, and Grape Plants; Asparagus and Rhubarb Roots in assortment. Our 1915 Catalog tells how you can get plants of our Wonderful New Seedling Strawberry, ‘‘Collins/* absolutely Free; Write for it. C. E. WHITTEN’S NURSERIES Box (10) Bridgman, Mich* Largest general nursery in America. Estab- lished for sixty-one years. Choicest seeds, bulbs, plants, shrubs and trees. Sixty acres of home grown roses. Safe arrival and satis- faction guaranteed. Free catalog. The Storrs & Harrison Co. Nurserymen, Florists and Seedsmen Box424, Palnesvllle, Ohio (97) Once Grown Always Grown Maule’s Seeds Endorsed by more than 450,000 pro- gressive gardeners as the best ever Our new Seed Catalogue contains everything good in seeds, bulbs, small fruits and plants. 750 illustrations; 176 pages. Free to any one sending us a request for it. Send for it today. WM. HENRY MAULE.Inc. 2115 Arch Street Philadelphia, Pa. Send jo cents, mention this paper, we will enclose in the catalogue a packet of the above GIANT pansy. Write for folder awn i?rfect?o re ENGLISH lawns are world- famous, owing to the va- rieties of seed used. We import the best of each season’s crop. Despite the limited imports, we offer our choice English mixtures suitable for our climate at usual prices. These mixtures have never been surpassed. Trial pound, 40 cents, prepaid; 5-pound bag, $1.25, f. o. b. Waukegan. BLATCHFORD CALF MEAL FACTORY Established at Leicester, England, in 1800 Department 3 Waukegan Illinois Fruit Trees, Plants, Flowering Shrubs Direct from Nursery at Wholesale Prices. Apple, Peach, Pear. Plum, Quince, Cherry, Berries. Roses, Shrubs, Perennial Plants, Shade Trees. Best varieties, highest quality, healthy, hardy, guar- anteed stock. Send list for special prices Freight Paid. Secure varieties now, pay in spring. Illustrated Catalogue Free. DENTON. WILLIAMS & DENTON, Wholesale Nurseries, 86 Elm St., Dansville, N. Y. Famous Tomatoes are favorably known. Many of the best sorts were introduced by us. We grow more high- grade tomato seed than any other seedsman in the world. TWO BEST VARIETIES Livingston’s Globe, finest pink, forslicingand shipping, pkt. 5c. Livingston’s Stone, finest bright red. for canning and catsup, pkt. 5c. Both immense yielders. Try them. Livingston’s Home-Grown Onions We grow acres of Onion seeds on our farms annually. Livingston’s C Southport White Globe 5c ) the 3 pkts. Private < Southport Red Globe . 6c > for Strains ( Ohio Yellow Globe . . 6c ) 10 cents Write for special prices on larger quantities. New 128-Page Catalog FREE Fully describes the best varieties of vegetables and flowers. Gives 300 true-to-nature illustrations and quotes honest prices for quality seeds. Tells when to plant and how to grow big crops. Be sure to write for your FREE copy To-Day. The Livingston Seed Co. 346 High St., Columbus, Ohio The Readers' Service will give information about the latest automobile accessories February, 1915 THE CARD E N MAGAZINE 53 Vigor and Vitality in These Evergreens QPL.ENDID specimen Spruces, Junipers, Ar- ° borvitaes and other evergreens, in sizes large enough to hide the foundation walls or make effective screens — such are the trees that come from Harrisons’ Nurseries. Our 1915 Catalogue of Evergreens, Shade and Fruit Trees is free to all who write for it. Will you send a postal today ? Harrisons’ Nurseries Box 533 Berlin Maryland ^ OSES NEW CASTLE are given preference by professional and ama- teur planters everywhere because of their vigor, sturdiness and free-blooming qualities. Grown in the most fertile soil in the _ country adapted to rose culture. Roses of New Castle cannot be equaled for color, form, vigor and growth, for they’re always grown on their own roots. Our 1915 book, “Roses of New Castle” \ is now ready. It is the accepted authority on rose culture the country over. It describes our immense stock of Roses, Hardy Perennials, Shrubs, Plants and Bulbs. Magnificently printed in colors, this beautiful book will be an invaluable guide to anyone. We absolutely guarantee safe arrival of any of our stock, no matter where you live. Send for your copy of this book today— it’s free. HELLER BROS. CO., Rose Specialists Box 221, New Castle, Ind. SPECIMEN TREES We are offering for spring planting a limited quantity of beautiful, large specimens twenty- five feet high with clean, straight trunks and uniform heads, every tree of COTTAGE GARDENS QUALITY. The selection comprises Maples, Oaks, Elms, Lindens, Planes and several varieties of Evergreens. We have just published a leaflet giving full particulars. If you are interested, write us and a copy will be sent you by return mail. COTTAGE GARDENS CO., Inc. NURSERIES QUEENS NEW YORK Garden Planning An inexpensive book giving full directions for laying out and planting all sorts and sizes of gardens, with numerous designs for flower beds and borders. Directions clear and sim- ple-many illustrations from actual photo- graphs. 12 mo, cloth , 6o cents net; by mail 57 cents. FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY, Dept. 312, 354 Fourth Ave., New York GOOD SEEDS BEST IN THE WORLD New Crop Grown at Farmer Prices. In addition a lot of extra FREE SEEDS thrown in with every' order. big seed book free Our Grand Big Illustrated Catalog of all Farm and Garden seeds is now ready and free to you. Write for it today. Send names and address of neighbors who buy seeds. Address RATEKIN’S SEED HOUSE SHENANDOAH, IOWA Box O This Book Will Surely Please and Interest You Contains Novelties, Select Vegetable and b lower Seeds, rare Japan Vegetable Seeds, Bulbs of all kinds and all varieties. Vines, Roses, Bamboo Stakes, etc. We Offer for Winter Flowering Our Magic Lily of Valley Pips which blossom to perfection in our prepared Moss Fiber in 15-18 days. We furnish, postpaid, 6 Pips and Moss Fiber $ .40 12 “ “ “ “ .65 20 “ “ “ “ 1.00 50 “ 2.25 lOO 4.00 Nothing more delightful for shut- ins and invalids than to watch this daily growing and blossom- ing. Full directions with every order. Send for the Garden Book H. H. Berger & Co Established 1877 70 Warren St., New York Write For It We have not missed a single ' issue of the Gar- den Maga- zine since 1905 SHEEP MANURE t«aoc BRAND mark Richest, natural fertilizer in’, pure, highly concentrated form. The best plant food and the best soil builder obtainable. No waste;noweeds( I Ft makes Nature hustle" in field, garden , or lawn. Writefor prices and freight rates i J— any quantity, A SINGLE BAG TO A I CARLOAD. The Pulverized rv 29 Union Stock Yards Manure, Co. S Chicago One Bag EqualsWhole Wagon Loadot'BarnYard Manure ^ Sold by Garden Supply Houses Everywhere ' DREER’S ROSES For the Garden STRONG, two-year-old, pot-grown Rose Plants that will give a full crop of flowers the same sea- son they are planted is one of our most important specialties. In our Garden Book this season we offer and describe over two hundred of the choicest varieties, includ ing the latest introductions of the world’s most famous Hybridisers. SPECIAL: The “Dreer Dozen” Hybrid-Tea Roses, a collection of high-grade sorts that always do well, — for $5.00. Or, send for a copy of the Garden Book free, and make your own selection. Henry A. Dreer Rose Specialists 714-716 Chestnut St., PHILADELPHIA, PA. What is a fair rental for a given property ? Ask the Readers ’ Service 54 T II E G A R D E N M A G A Z I N E February, 1915 Burpee- SPE NCE RS are reve- lations of beauty and daintiness. If you have never seen the Burpee- Spencers you hardly know Sweet Peas of rare quality. The house of Burpee was the first to grow the Spencer type in America. At our Floradale Ranch, “the California home of Sweet Peas” — are produced magnificent strains that have proved unsurpassed. A trial of the collections advertised below will show you why we are known the world over as American Headquarters for Sweet Peas. The Burpee Leaflet on Sweet Pea Culture with each collection. Six Superb Spencers Frtr we ma^ one regular io-cent packet TUI LOL (40 t0 50 seeds) each of Burpee's Dainty, a beautiful picotee pink-edged Spencer; Burpee's King Edward, deep carmine scarlet; Burpee's Irish Belle or Dream, rich lilac flushed with pink; Mrs. Cuthbertson, an exquisite pink, wings white-flushed with rose; Mrs. Hugh Dickson, rich apricot on cream ground; also one large packet (90 to 100 seeds) of the Burpee Blend of Superb Spencers for 1915. the finest mixture of Spencers or Orchid-Flowered Sweet Peas ever offered. Six Standard Spencers P or. we will mail one regular io-cent packet rOl LDL (40 1 0 j0 seeds) each of the following Standard Spencers. America Spencer, striped brilliant red on ivory ground. Burpee’s Capti- vation Spencer, rich rosy wine red; Burpee’s Decorator, rich rose overlaid with terracotta; Burpee’s Ethel Roosevelt, soft primrose splashed with crimson ; Helen Lewis, intense crimson- orange, Burpee’s Queen Victoria, deep primrose flushed rose. P r A we will mail both collections named rOl JUC above, and also a 15-cent package of Illuminator. “Five of the Finest” F CA. we will mail one packet each of King rOl OUC WHITE, the giant of Spencers — a glisten- ing immaculate pure white. Burpee’s Vermilion Brilliant, most brilliant iridescent scarlet Spencer; Burpee’s Mrs. Routzahn, buff flushed delicate pink; Burpee’s Orchid, decidedly the best of all lavenders ; and Burpee’s Unique Wedgwood. These are all of our own introduction. King White is shown on cover of Burpee’s Annual for 1915, and the other four painted from Nature comprise the beautiful flower plate on page no. C C*1 AA we will mail all three collections as rOl $i«UU offered above, including a 15-cent packet of Burpee’s Illuminator, and a regular io-cent packet each of Elfrida Pearson, most lovely pink; and Sterling Stent, rich salmon orange — making in all Twenty True and Tried Spencers for $1.00. This great offer could not be duplicated anywhere else in the world. In ordering it is sufficient to write for Burpee’s Dollar Box of Spencers for 1915. Burpee’s Annual Known as the leading American seed catalog —this bright book of 182 pages for 1915 is better than ever before. It is mailed free. See full page advertisement on fourth cover of this issue. W. ATLEE BURPEE & CO. Burpee Buildings, Philadelphia ~ti u 1 ■ 1 1 rn 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 limn iTirmiimimimT Meetings and Exhibitions in February 4. Worcester County Horticultural Society, Worcester, Mass.: lecture on gladiolus. 5. Pasadena, Calif., Horticultural Society: meeting. 6. Massachusetts Horticultural Society, Horticultural Hall. Boston, Mass.: lecture “The Home Vegetable Garden.” 6, 7 Massachusetts Horticultural Society. Horticultural Hall, Boston, Mass.: midwinter flower show. 8. Rochester, N. Y., Florists’ Association, meeting. New York Florists’ Club, New York City meeting. 10. Nassau County Horticultural Society, Glen Cove, N. Y. : meeting. Shedowa Garden Club, Garden City, L. I.: meeting and lecture by Miss Ruth Dean. 11. Worcester County Horticultural Society, Worcester, Mass.: illustrated lecture on Mexico. 12. Connecticut Horticultural Society, New Haven, Conn.: meeting. 13. Massachusetts Horticultural Society, Horticultural Hall, Boston, Mass.: Conference on Fruit Growing. Dcbbs Ferry, N. Y., Horticultural Society: meeting. 17. Tarrytown, N. Y., Horticultural Society: meeting. 18. Worcester County Horticultural Society, Worcester, Mass.- lecture, “The Vegetable Garden.” 19. Pasadena, Calif., Horticultural Society: meeting. 25. Worcester County Horticultural Society. Worcester, Mass.: illustrated lecture on gardens and deserts ol Southern California. 26. Connecticut Horticultural Society, New Haven. Conn.: meeting. 27. Massachusetts Horticultural Society, Horticultural Hall, Boston, Mass.: lecture. ‘ Culture of Hardy Shrubs.” Dobbs Ferry, N. Y., Horticultural Society meeting. Note: The Editors will be grateful for information about the doings of horticultural societies, garden clubs, etc , and especially as regards notices of coming events to be announced in this de- partment. In order to ensure timely publication, the information must reach the Editors not later than the twelfth day of the month preceding the date of issue in which the notice should appear. Useful Work in Garden Clubs — Variety Tests THE seed catalogue has come with its story of wonders. You start in to enjoy gardening, in prospect, while the blizzard rages outside; to make up your seed list. Beans! Forty varieties! Each variety is plainly the best, the earliest, most prolific, the most tender, in every way better than any other variety. Sweet peas, three hundred varieties (I have just counted that many in one catalogue), and in dahlias or peonies, hundreds and even thousands of varie- ties. Hew decide which to get? , The Garden Club of Cleveland has made some real progress toward solving the question, during the past year, and will go further in the experiment this year. We do not expect every member of the Club to try every variety of every vegetable, flower and shrub in the catalogue; an obvious impossibility. Instead, each member is asked to select some one kind of vegetable, some one favorite flower, or some shrub, to try out all the varieties (so far as possible) of that one thing, and be ready to report to the Club a comparison of the varieties. A report on hardy plants can hardly be made before the second year and on shrubs the third or fourth year. Besides the report, much interest will be found in such subjects as sweet peas, dahlias, gladiolus, or chrysan- themums, if the Club set apart a day. as “Sweet Pea Day” or “Dahlia Day,” when the members may visit the experiment on the grounds, and in that case each variety should be plainly marked with name label. Names penciled on prepared sticks may do for marking the varieties of annuals, if the gardener does not hoe them up; but take warning that the pencil marks will be weathered out by another season; and be warned, too, that the label wire will cut the stems as the stems grow and swell, unless you watch out for it. The best method of labeling is to sketch or plat the rows, or the specimens, on paper, marking the names and the number of feet of row, or the location of speci- men, with reference to some permanent object, and keep the paper in your garden archives. The name labels are most important in any case, but become serious, indeed, if you happen to be testing several hundred single specimens of dahlias or peonies, year after year. It is important, too, to keep record of the dealer from whom each variety comes, as you may not always get the same thing under that name from differ- ent dealers. In testing vegetables, it is very desirable to plant all the varieties of one vegetable on the same day and in the same conditions of soil, and note the exact num- ber of days from planting to bloom and to the time when ready to use. The exact number of days for any one variety will not be the same another year, but you do obtain valuable information as to the relative time the different varieties require. This experiment will be still more valuable if you make several such plantings in a season. Buy packets only, not pints or pounds of seed, so the experiment may not cost much in either money, land, or labor. If the subject and purpose of the test is explained to I your seedsman, he will be interested and likely send j other samples of new varieties to be tested. Above all, keep careful record. Of what? Date of i planting, method, soil, moisture, condition. In case of vegetables, size, quality, flavor, tender- I ness, earliness, quantity, vigor, and health; in case of I flowers, hardiness, earliness, color, size, stem, fragrance, 3 health, blooming period, etc. Make record, too. of I the bad features, in fact, of all those points which go to I make one variety either more or less desirable than I another. This sounds like a great effort? Well! As each I member will try out only one or two subjects, the I experiment, observations and records will require only I a few minutes of each week. Cleveland, Ohio. S. Prentiss Baldwin. The American Gladiolus Society Meeting THE Gardeners’ and Florists’ Club of Newport, j R. I , have invited the American Gladiolus Society I to hold their annual show in their city this year. It has been the custom of the Gladiolus Society, since I their organization, to hold their exhibitions in con- junction with the conventions of the Society of I American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists, but that is out of the question this year, as the con- I vention will be held in San Francisco, too great a i distance from the majority of gladiolus growers. The I show will be held on August 18th and 19th. A New Asparagus ANEW asparagus has been registered by the ' Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists. It was originated by F. W. Fletcher of Auburndale, Mass., is a hybrid seedling raised in 1911, its parents being Hatcheri and Deflexus scandens. The new flower is as free blooming as A. Hatcheri and the cut sprays are as durable and long keeping as D. scandens. It is absolutely thornless, not so heavy in growth as plumosa, but very dainty and graceful. When in bloom, it is especially valuable for decorative work. It is to be known as Asparagus kybrida gracilis. The American Rose Society Meeting THIS year, the meeting of the American Rose Society will be held in Boston, Mass., in connection with the Massachusetts Horticultural Society. The date for this meeting has been set for March 18 to 21, with the annual meeting of the society on the 19th. An Exhibit of Garden Books ARDEN enthusiasts during the next few weeks should make a point of visiting the Garden Book Exhibit in Room 112, of theNew York Public Library. Director E. II. Anderson says that this exhibit is held partly as a stimulus to education along gardening lines and partly as a demonstration of the ornamental and The Readers' Sendee will give you suggestions for the rare of live-stock February, 1 9 1 5 T II E G A R D E N M A G A Z I N E oO PLAN SPRING WORK NOW PLANS laid now mean better results. If for a garden or, in fact, any planting, a well devised scheme should be ready before the season is here. This will afford ample oppor- tunity for care- ful selection of the stock and sufficient time to compare quality and growth. If a new ornament- al feature is to be added to your property, this should be planned in detail. Take advan- tage of our half century’s e x- penence and let us ad vise you howto proceed. Then just a step further for the best results, and let us construct your plans and assist you in working them out to the best ad- vantage and in the most economical manner. Write today for circular on Spring work THOMAS MEEHAN & SONS Landscape Gardeners & Engineers, Tree Experts MT. AIRY 7106 Germantown Avenue PHILADELPHIA Grape Vines Gooseberries and Currants Forthe vineyard, for the homegarden. we have just what you need. Best varieties and finest grade of stock— f guaranteed true. We are the largest and most successful growers of grape vines and small fruits in the country. Book on Grape Culture — Free No grape grower can afford to be without^ this practical book. It contains valu- able information; tells you things that we have learned only after years of prac- tical experience. Planting, cultivating, prun- ing. All this store of helpful knowledge is yours for the asking. Write today for free copy. vT S. HUBBARD C0.f Box lb Fredonla, N. Y By H. H. Thomas. Practical, to-the- 1 point information that will meet all the ' ordinary difficulties which confront the pos- sessor of a garden. Numerous illustrations. Cloth hound, 6o cents net; by mail, 67 cents. Funk A Wiignnlls Company, Dept. 810 »!-<►<> Fourth Avenue, New York, N. Y. Direct to Y ou Trees, Shrubs, etc. At Big Bargain prices — about half what agents charge you. Some surprising Combination Offers you should know about — at prices that will keep dollars in your pocket. Everything absolutely the finest fresh-dug stock, guaran- teed true to name, state inspected for health. Not a dissatisfied customer last year. We Prepay Transportation On All Orders and guarantee delivery in good con- dition. Big stock of Apples, Cherries, Peaches. Pears, Shade and Orna- mental Trees, Shrubs, Small Fruits, etc. Our catalogue is brimful of J valuable information— send for a copy |k today — it’s free. WM. P. RUPERT & SON Box 95 Seneca, N. Y. Th is is Ophelia: In color, shell pink, with a shading of salmon at the base of the petal that makes it distinct and adds to its charm. In your greenhouse you will find “Ophelia” at all seasons a rose that will be a pleasure to grow and a delight to you as a cut bloom. In our catalogue we offer plants for greenhouse growing — Roses, Carnations, Chrysanthe- mums, Palms, Ferns, Orchids and Flowering Plants. For the outside garden— Hardy Perennials, Bedding Roses and Bedding Plants. Our catalogue is yours for the asking. A postal will bring it. A N Pierson ^ QpMMLL GATvDENS Cromwell Conn ARFF’S catalog Fully describes the products of our 1200 acre nursery, fruit and seed farm. Over 26 years'experience in growing heaviest bearing strains of ’strawberries, raspberries, currants, goose- berries, blackberries, dewberries, grapes and all kinds of fruit trees and shrubs. Also seed potatoes, rhubarb, horseradish, asparagus, field seeds. Send addresses of 5 fruit growers and get fine currant bush and catalog free. W. N. SCARFF, New Carlisle, O. If You Desire a Home Beautiful Write today for our illustrated catalog of the Choicest Material for any contemplated plant- ing, at prices that defy competition. SAVE MONEY by letting us figure on your re- quirements. Our expert can aid you in arrangement as well, lull information on request. MONTROSE NURSERIES Montrose, Westchester County New York #lfc=jfa0l)toncb l)arhp plants We are the largest growers of Hardy Perennial Plants in this country. We have issued a special catalogue of these, giving name, color, height and time of flowering of nearly a thousand species and varieties. Also a number of Plans of Hardy Borders together with list of suitable plants for sun or shade; and full instructions for planting and future care. We will be glad to send you a copy free on request. Henry A. Dreer Specialists"1 Philadelphia, Pa. The Readers' Service gives information about investments 56 T II E G A R D E N M A G AZIN E February, 1915 BEST and BIGGEST BERRIES Joy. The best and most prolific Blackberry. Juntlbo. Biggest and best Raspberry. Van Fleet Hybrids. Wonderful Strawberries. Caco. Best and most beautiful Hardy Grape. Everybody’s. Best Currant for everybody. Carrie Gooseberry. Succeeds everywhere. MY CATALOG No. 1, an illustrated book of 64 pages, tells all about them and describes, with prices, all- the good old varieties" of Small Fruits as well. It gives also full instructions for planting with cultural notes, and tells about the giant Jumbo raspberry that I am giving away. It is free. For 36 years a specialist in Berry Culture J. T. LOVETT, Box 125, Little Silver. N. J. GREAT CROPS OF STRAWBERRIES And How to Grow Them IS the most beautifully illustrated and most complete strawberry book ever written. It teaches the Kellogg Way of doing things and tells the whole strawberry story from start to finish. It explains how the famous Kellogg Pedigree plants are grown on the great Kellogg plant farms in Idaho, Oregon and Michigan, and pictures and describes all the best varieties, including the ever- bearing kind. OUR FAMILY STRAWBERRY GARDEN Whether you have a small garden or a big farm, you should grow your own strawberries. Kellogg’s Big Red Strawberry garden will produce all the delicious straw- berries your entire family can eat, summer and winter. You can have shortcake, strawberries and cream, pre- serves, jam and canned berries the year ’round for less than one cent per gallon. Our book gives full information. STRAWBERRIES Yield more dollars per acre and give quicker returns than any other crop. Get our 64-page book and learn The Kellogg Way, and make $500 to $1,200 per acre. The Book is FREE. R. M. KELLOGG CO. Box 690 Three Rivers, Mich. New Strawberries ff Catalog Free to all 'K Reliable, interesting and instructive — A11 about the New Everbearers and other im- portant varieties. Address ^C^J^Flansburgh&Son^^Jackson^Mich. P LA N T BERRIES Alfred Mitting has had 47 years’ experience with berries from all over the world. His new berry, Macatawa, is the wonder, to all that see it in fruit. It is 3^ inches one way by 31 inches the other way. Send a postal card to- day for his 1915 catalogue with 1 colored plate, in- cluding the cream of all berries from a commercial standpoint or for home requirements. ALFRED MITTING 8 New Street SANTA CRUZ, CALIFORNIA Pr»ctc»r mne The most convenient way 1 u;»tcl JldllipS of C0UeCting poster art. We have a few copies of the “ Poster Pack,” containing many beautiful and rare specimens. 15 cents postpaid Standard Publicity Service, 716 Perry Bldg., Phila ., Pa. Bring Quick Money There’s big and quick money in Straw- berries and in all Berry Plants. You don’t have to wait long years to reap , your harvest We are headquarters for , Summer and Fall Bearing Strawberry Plants, Raspberries, Blackberries, Gooseberries, — Currants, Grapes, Fruit Trees, Roses, Ornamental * Shrubs, Eggs for Hatching, Crates, Baskets, Seed Pota- toes, etc. Best varieties at lowest prices. 32 years’ experience. Our free catalogue contains valuable information. Write today . L.J. FARMER Box 529, Pulaski, New York jffTft m mil ♦! 1 1 1 iKeeiiijS Buy Direct and Save Half Deal with us, the growers — not with agents. You save half and get better trees. Whatever you want for the Fruit Garden or Orchard— we have it. A Big Supply oi Apple and Peach Trees Pear, Plum, Quince, Cherry, Grape Vines, Ornamental Trees, Roses, Plants, Best New Fruits. All of them finest stock— true to name. Our 35 years* reputation for square dealing is your guarantee. V/e deal direct by catalogue only. There1 s no Nursery like Green’s for value . Our finely illustrated catalogue gives practical, useful information on care of fruit trees. It 's free. ‘‘Thirty Years with Fruits and Flowers” C. A. Green’s Book of Canning Fruits sent free also. GREEN’S NURSERY CO„ Write us today. 7 Wall St^ Rochester, N. Y. l 1 m Grow Big, Luscious Strawberries Select hardy, prolific, carefully tested varieties. Grow them right. Even a small patch will yield big profits — one man made $200 on J acre of a standard var Think of the pleasure, too, of having your own delicious berries for home use. Buy Allen’s True-to-Name Plants iety. and you are more certain of large crops of big, delicious strawberries. Thev are hardy and vigorous and heavy yielders. We have 200 acres in small fruit plants and can guarantee prompt shipment in any quantity. We have all the early and late strains for every sod and climate re- quirement. Ail plants carefully selected and packed Jresh for shipment, and guaranteed true-to-name. For full description of all worth-while varieties, read At/en's Rook of Berries. It is well illus- trated and gives the latest and best cultural methods. It's free. Write for copy today. THE W. F. ALLEN CO. 54 Market St., Salisbury, Md. PM flower gardening material that is easily accessible to everyone. Two hundred and more practical book-; are displayed, of which an annotated list for free distribution has been prepared. There is also a display of more elaborate, sumptuous books and prints dealing with gardening and landscape design — such volumes as are either rare or exceeding costly, and which, if in the library, are for refer ence only. To Mrs. A. B. Boardman and Mr- Farrand the Library is indebted for cooperation and suggestions in working up the exhibit as a whole. “Making Plans for the Vegetable Garden” TO THE EDITOR: In reading the excellent January number of The Garden Magazine, my attention was attracted by Mr. Wilkinson’s statement under the heading “What Varieties.” in his article, “Making Plans for a Vegetable Garden. ” reading as follows: “Your aim should be to grow 1 only the highest quality. In fact, home gar- ! deners will not be satisfied with anything but the | best.” I felt very much like applauding, for that is a great truth, which I have made the basis of all my past efforts in writing for The Garden Magazine. But when I began to study the list of vegetables supposed to represent “quality.” I fairly gasped. Not only did the writer make serious errors in the classification, hut he likewise ignored completely the progress of American horticulture in the vege- table line during the past eight or ten years. Were it not for the fact that readers of The Garden Magazine take anything printed there as gospel truth, the matter wouldn’t be so serious. As it is you are apt to get into trouble with hundreds of good American housewives who will surely be justified in “kicking” when their husbands plant the sorts suggested and, later on, expect them to be cooked. 'the matter of suggesting Black Wax beans after talking of “only the highest quality” reminds me of a letter I received from a woman nearly ten years ago, while a “cub” in the seed business. That good lady had ordered a pint of seeds of this sort in the regular way from the catalogue, and got what she asked for. In June, she threatened to “sue the seed house for damages” for selling that sort of bean and for “trying to spite perfectly innocent people by giving them beans that grew small bits of wire ropes on their bushes.” That is just one illustration of where the writer is “off” when it comes to quality. But let me correct the wrong classification first, for many a good reader will surely get into trouble if he or she plants White Marrowfat beans and expects to gather bush limas. Don’t plant Detroit Dark Red Beet and expect a late crop. It’s early. Don’t waste space on Early Winningstadt cabbage; and learn to consider Copenhagen Market an early sort. Golden Rose celery was “a dead one” ten years ago. White Plume should be mentioned as an early sort, since it is the second best seller among all the celeries in cultivation. Golden Self Blanch- ing cannot be recommended as a late sort, because • it does not keep. None of the three sorts of sweet corn mentioned as “Extra Early” are as early as Peep O’Day or even Golden Bantam. Country Gentleman is as late a sort as grows and Stowell’s Evergreen has, for nearly ten years now, been superseded by its improved strain White Evergreen. Among the peas, Little Marvel and Gradus be- long in the class of the First Earlies. For heaven’s sake, don’t plant Alderman as a late dwarf sort. It’s late all right, but is a twin brother to Telephone which you all know to grow about five or six feet tall. In the case of spinach, the mistake in classification must be on the printer. The sentence: “prickly, grown differently from above” should appear after New Zealand, not before. Some of the varieties suggested in Mr. Wilkin- son’s list are so “dead” that most seedsmen don’t list them any longer and this will, in a degree, ) lessen the impending “calamity.” But I realize ! that no criticism is justified if it is not constructive. •' So I am offering a list of “pedigreed” sorts that The Readers ’ Service will gladly furnish information about Retail Shops I February, 1915 T II E G A R I) E N M A G A Z I N E Speaking of Heating Churches — More People Go To Sleep Because Of Reheated Dead Air Than Poor Sermons NOT one of "the Committee” who have charge of decid- ing on how the church is to be heated, would think of drinking stagnant, scummy water. Yet that same committee will decide to put in a heating apparatus in the church, that heats and re- heats the same old dead, poison infected air. Is it a wonder, then, that people nod in their pews? Is it a wonder they go home with a “Sunday head- ache?” The ideal heat for a church, as well as for a home, is that heat which both heats and venti- lates at the same time. Just such a heat is the Kelsey Heat. But it is not only a healthy heat, it is an economical heat. In short it is a healthizer and economizer. If you are on the heating committee, let us tell you just what there is about the Kelsey heat be- fore you commit your- self on any kind. If the heat in your home is unsatisfactory, and you are going to replace it, or if you are building a new home; first find out about all other kinds of heat, and then let us tell you about the Kelsey health heat. Kelsey Generators heat and ventilate large and small houses, churches and schools, with the modern warm air method. ssT he. Kelsey L.nc°In | WAR(V) AIR CEHtUATOU fp” 232 James Street, Syracuse, N. Dealers in all Principal Cities York 103 P Park Ave. Y. a ji tm Ccfl Wf =S3= tea \ The gardener who gets the high prices is the one who sends his crops early to market. You can beat Nature by forcing your growths under glass. Plants and flowers in ordinary hotbeds may freeze, but they’re safe if you use Duo Glazed Sash. No covering required. You get all the light and no chance of frost. A good living can be made from three acres under Duo Glazed Sash. Double Glass Forms Air Chamber Two layers of glass instead of one. Non-conduct- ive air chamber between protects your plants and flowers just as the space between wall and plaster keeps your house warm. The Duo-Glazed Sash will advance your season a month to six weeks. It’s the same, climatically, as though you moved your farm 300 miles farther south . sm HP® “TRADE REG. APPLIED FQR PATENTED HOTBED SASH Made of genuine Louisiana Red Cypress, inches thick, with extra heavy ten- ons. Will last a lifetime. A boy can put in the glass. Broken panes can be cut to use in bottom layer. Every farmer, gardener, or home owner needs Ducr-Glazed Sash. They pay for themselves by producing early crops for the table or for sale. Write for free catalog and prices. CALLAHAN DUO-GLAZED SASH CO., 80 Wyandot St., Dayton, Ohio tv JIM r. *v ' ^ MASS •to u ij, of Underground Garbage Receiver Sets in the ground. Saves the battering of your can and scattering of contents from pounding out frozen garbage Sold Direct. Send for circular. Thousands in use. It pays to look us up. C. H. Stephenson, Mfr. , 40 Farrar St., Lynn, Mass. ARMY AUCTION BARGAINS Saddles Bridles Team II arness jeggings, pair I'ents . . . $3.00 up . .90 “ 21.85 “ . .15 “ . 2.85 “ Army Revolvers “ M-L Rifles *. i ‘ Swords . . 7 Shot Carbine New Uniforms . $1.05 . .9H . .35 3.50 . 1.50 Colt’s Cal. .45 Revolver $7.15. Ctgs. lc each. 15 Acres Government Auction Bargains illustrated and described in 420 large page, wholesale and retail cyclopedia catalogue, mailed 25 cts. East, and 30 cts. West of the Mississippi River. Francis Bannerman, 501 Broadway, New York Wells- Pockett-Totty Novelties Write at once for our 1915 catalogue of chrysanthemums, carnations, roses and hardy plants. Many pages are devoted to description and picturing of some of the best and latest novelties of both 19x4 and 1915. Never in our experience has the Horticul- turist had the number of sterling novelties in all sections to make a selection from. Charles H. Totty, Madison, N. J. Sweet Corn I wish to let the readers of this paper know that I am still in the com business, but do not intend to be very still about it the coming season, because I have a supply of first-rate seed sufficient to fill many small mail orders; and I am so positive of its growing popularity that I do not hesitate to pronounce it the most desirable sweet com in existence. It is early, tender, juicy and surpassingly sweet — four leading qualities of the ideal corn. Ordway’s Golden Sweet Corn will be sent to any address by parcel post at the following prices: Trial packet, sufficient to plant 35 hills, 10c; half-pint, 20c; pint, 35c; quart, 60c. Choice ears, 15c each. Address O. P. ORDWAY Saxonville, Mass. QUALITY FIRST RH TREES SHRUBS EVERGREENS [ODODENDRONS EVERYTHING WORTH PLANTING Write us now for Catalog and Price List of your Planting Require- ments for special quotation. List or send QUALITY FIRST F. W. KELSEY NURSERY CO. 15HTtT Pocket KIPLING Edition BOUND IN FULL FLEXIBLE RED LEATHER Light and convenient to carry, easy to read. Each, net, $1.50 The Kipling Birthday Book. The Light that Failed. Soldier Stories. The Naulahka (With Walcott Balestier). Departmental Ditties and Ballads and Barrack-room Ballads. Soldiers Three, The Story of the Gadsbys and In Black and White. Many Inventions. From Sea to Sea. The Seven Seas. Actions and Reactions. Rewards and Fairies. Recently Issued: “SONGS FROM BOOKS” An interesting collection of scattered poems made by the author himself. Net, $1.40 Just Out: "A Handbook to the Poetry of Rudyard Kipling” By Ralph Durand Prepared with Mr. Kipling’s personal help, it explains all unfamiliar expressions and allusions, and contains many interesting notes on Kipling characters and places. Net, $ 2.00 Published by DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO., Garden City, N. Y. Puck of Pook’s Hill. Traffics and Discoveries. The Five Nations. Just So Stories. Kim. The Day's Work. Stalky & Co, Plain Tales from the Hills. Life’s Handicap; Being Stories of Mine Own People. Under the Deodars. The Phantom 'Rickshaw and Wee Willie Winkie. For information regarding railroad and steamship lines, write to the Readers’ Service 58 T I I E G A II DEN M A G A Z I N E February, 1 !) 1 5 ^JRobinson 5kXight Baths HJwnHome! HEALTH, VIGOR, LIFE THRU LIGHT Only 2c to 4c for a life-pulsing, invigorating, vitality-strengthening' Electric Light Bath in your own home — taken just as conveniently with this Robinson Electric Light Bath Cabinet as you would step into and out of a tub. Enter the cabinet — turn the switch and the myriad rays of light infuse your whole system with a new lasting feeling of real life. Makes a New Being of You Gives you all the benefits of the Turkish Bath with the tonic effect of electric light rays in addition — a natural health preserver, for Light is Life. Cleanses and keeps the skin clear, the body full of vigor, the brain quick and active. A Free Book, hand- somely illustrated, giving complete information about Life thru Light, and describing in detail this wonderful Cabinet, is ready to be sent to you. Be sure you write for it — a postal card will do — to- day. Robinson Electric Mfg. Co. 2665 Robinson Bldg. Toledo, Ohio Apples $10 per 100 Hardy, healthy 3-year old trees. Good tops, heavy roots. Grown in the fertile Genesee valley. Peach Trees $8 per 100. Grape Vines, Berry Plants, Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Roses Complete assortment first-class stock, lowest wholesale prices. Buy di- rect from grower. Send for catalog today. Grover Nursery Co. 94 Trust Building ROCHESTER, N. Y. We are Specialists in hardy perennials and ornamental shrubs grown in a cold cli- mate under natural field conditions. VVe help you plan your grounds and select the right plants. Get our catalogue before you buy CEDAR HEDGE FARM ASSOCIATION A. F. Boeraer, Nurseryman Cedar burg Wisconsin Photography, Good Sport Tbut the results are not always satisfactory. Ask practical help J from the photo-man with THE READERS’ SERVICE BONORA FOR FLOWERS AND VEGETABLES Wtli your seed order, include Bonora, the greatest fertilizer in the world. Results are wonderful. Will make flowers and vegetables grow and bloom as if in the tropics, mature much earlier, and in abundance. If your have not used it. write for de- scriptive circular. Marvelous results. THOUSANDS USE IT. THOUSANDS ENDORSE IT. Luther Burbank, John Lewis Childs. Dingee and Conard say it is wonderful. Ask your dealer for it or order direct. Put up in dry form: 12 oz. enough to make 21 gal. postpaid 50c 1 lb. 28 “ “ 75c 5 lbs. “ “ “ 140 “ " 3.00 10 lbs. “ “ “ 280 “ “ 5.50 50 lbs. by freight 22.50 100 lbs, by freight 40.00 Bonora Chemical Company 5 US-51? Broadway, New York truly measure up to the requirements of “quality first’ and I have taken care to properly classify them according to their season of maturity and principal characteristics as to habits of growth, shape or color. LIST OF PEDIGREED ANNUAL VEGETABLES Beans, dwarf, green podded, early. Bountiful, Stringless Green Podded, Fordhook Favorite.— late. Stringless Refugee. —dwarf wax podded, early. Burpee’s New Kidney Wax, Brittle Wax, Hardy Wax, Prolific German Wax. — late. Pencii Pod or Stringless Refugee Wax, Sure Crop Stringless Wax. Limas, bush. Fordhook, Burpee Improved, New Wonder and Henderson’s.— pole. Early Leviathan, King of the Garden, Ideal and New Giant Podded. —Pole, green podded. Burger’s Stringless. Lazy Wife’s, v\ hite Creaseback, Royal Corn.— pole, wax podded. Sunshine Wax, Golden Cluster Wax. Shell Beans, bush. Dwarf Horticultural. Goddard. —pole. Horticultural or Speckled Cranberry. Beets. Early Eclipse, Crosby’s Egyptian, Detroit Dark Red, Midseason. Dewing’s Improved, and Early Model. — late. Black Red Ball, Bastian’s. Swiss Chard. Lucullus. Brussels Sprouts. Long Island Improved, Danish Prize. Cabbage, early. Jersey Wakefield, Eureka, Copenhagen Market. ^second and midseason. Allhead Early, Henderson’s Early Summer. All Seasons, Succession. — late. Surehead, Premium Flat Dutch, Danish Ballhead, Volga. Savoy Cabbages. American Drumhead. Red Cabbages. Early Blood Red Erfurt, Danish Round Red. Carrots. French Forcing, Chantenay, Danver’s Improved. Long Orange. Cauliflower. Burpee’s Best Early, Snowball. Dry W'eather. Celery, early. Golden Self Blanching, White Plume. —late. Winter Queen, Giant Pascal. Celeriac. Giant Smooth Prague. Corn, early. Peep O’ Day, Golden Bantam, Premo. — second. Catawba, Kendel’s Giant. — late. White Evergreen, Country Gentleman. Cucumber. Extra Early White Spine, Davis Perfect or Fordhook Famous, Improved London Long Green. Eggplant. Black Beauty, New York Improved Purple. Endive. Moss Curled, Green Curled, Batavian. Kohlrabi. Early White and Purple Vienna. Leek. American Flag, Carentan. Lettuce, forcing. Black Seeded Tennisball, Black Seeded Simpson. Grand Rapids. — outdoor early. May King, Wayahead, Big Boston. - — summer: All Seasons, Iceberg. — late: Crisp-as-Ice, Denver Market, New Yorker or Woh- derful. — Cos Express or Eclipse, Paris White. M uskmeloHs, green-fleshed. Rocky Ford, Jenny Lind, Ohio Sugar. — salmon-fleshed. Emerald Gem, Burrell’s Gem, Tip-Top. Onions (from seed), white. Portugal, Southport White Globe. —yellow. Globe Danvers, Southport Globe, Prizetaker. — red. Wethersfield, Southport Globe. Parsnip ■ Hollow Crown. Peas, early, smooth. Best Extra Early or Pedigree Extra Early, Pilot. — early, wrinkled. Little Marvel, Gradus, Thos. Laxton. — midseason. Alderman, Boston Unrivaled, Champion of England. — late. British Wonder, Potlach. — sugar. Giant Podded Tall. Peppers. Early Neapolitan, Ruby King, Chinese Giant. Pumpkin. Small Sugar. Livingston’s Pie. Radishes, early. Rapid Red, Scarlet Button, French Break- fast. Icicle, Long Scarlet Short Top, Cincinnati Market. - midseason. Chartiers, Lady Finger. White Strasburg. — late. White Chinese, China Rose Winter. Salsify. Sandwich Island. Spinach. Triumph or Long Season, Victoria, New Zealand. Squash. Bush Fordhook, Patty Pan, Delicious, Golden Summer Crookneck, Hubbard for late. Tomatoes, scarlet. Earliana, Chalk’s Jewel, Stone. — purple. June Pink, Globe, Beauty, Trucker’s Favorite, Ponderosa. Golden Queen — yellow. Turnips. Early White and Early Purple Top Milan, White Globe Strap Leaf, Purple Top White Globe. American Ruta- baga for winter. This list does not contain varieties enjoying a strictly local reputation in limited areas of the country. The Garden Magazine is too big a medium to cater to the likes and dislikes of any particular group of planters or seedsmen. In this respect, my list is subject to corrections. But it is intended to serve America rather than Rhode Island, New York, or Michigan. Columbus, Ohio. Adolph Kruhm. A Correction OWING to some inexplicable accident, which was discovered too late for correction, the captions to the fern illustrations on page 189 of the January number of The Garden Magazine were incorrectly attached to the illustrations. Taking them in sequence, from top to bottom, as the columns run, they should properly have been as follows: Nephrolepis Craigii, tuberosa plumosa, Elms- fordi, robusta, John Wanamaker, Pteris Parkerii, Nephrolepis Teddy, Jr., Smithii. Special Sweet Pea Offer We will mail to any address in the U. S. 1 packet each 7 Spencers, 3 Unwin and 10 Grandiflora varieties of Sweet Peas, ranging in color from pure white to deep maroon (20 packets in all) and we will include in each collection coupon entitling all purchasers of “Wilson’s Seeds” in packets or ounces, selected from our catalog to the value of $1.00 and up to 25% discount, all for $1.00. We have reserved a catalog for you. Send for it to-day. J. J. Wilson Seed Co., Inc. Newark, N. J. GLADIOLI i(CUhe Glory of the Garden ’ Special offer of the grand new Orchid- Flowered Gladiolus “Kunderd’s Glory.” Color, a cream pink with an attractive crimson stripe in centre of each lower petal. This color is unknown in any other variety of gladiolus. 15 Bulbs for $1.00 Postpaid Send for list of other good varieties, at very attractive prices. L. VON ELM 44 Totten St. Hempstead, N. Y. WESTERN -GROWN TREES Evergreens, Shrubs, Vines, Hedge Plants and Flowers, especially selected and tested for western conditions. Twenty-first year; Colorado Native Plants a Specialty. Illustrated and Instructive Catalogue Free D. M. ANDREWS, Proprietor of Rockmont Nursery Boulder, Colorado T REES and SHRUB S PORTER’S HIGH QUALITY STOCK | Illustrated Price List free. Write for copy today PORTERS NURSERIES Box 20 1 Evanston, 111. NOTE — Big Stock of Large Specimen Norway Maples at Low Prices Millions of Trees PLANTS, VINES, ROSES, ETC. The oldest, largest and most complete nursery in Michigan. Send for catalog. Prices reasonable I. E. ILGENFRITZ' THE MONROE NURSERY SONS CO. Monroe, Michigan SELL YOUR SPARE TIME We will pay you well for all you have — every spare hour can coin money — by securing new subscribers to The World’s Work, Country Life in America, and The Garden Magazine. Write to Circulation Dept. Doubleday, Page & Company, Garden City, New York MONTREAL M. MELON The largest and best flavored Musk Melon in existence. Grows to weigh as much as 20 pounds, and fetches $2.00 to $5.00 each. GENUINE SEED per [package postpaid 50c. with cultural directions. Do not confuse this variety with the American variety. DUPUY & FERGUSON MONTREAL CANADA For information about live stock write to the Readers ’ Service T H E GAR 1) E N, M A G A Z I N E 5!) Peonies Can Be Planted — In Early Spring — If you were unable to plant Peonies last fall, they can be set early this spring with entire success — the important thing is to get them planted early. The choicest foreign and American Peo- nies are included in the Cherry Hill Nurser- ies collection. Our plants are grown with extreme care; you can depend on them for variety, quality and blooms. Send today for the complete list of Cherry Hill Peonies, Irises, Phloxes and other per- ennials, Evergreen trees and shrubs includ- ing Mountain Laurel, Andromeda, Concolor Firs, Spruces, etc. Cherry Hill Nurseries Box 52 West Newbury, Mass. We will thank you to mention The Garden Magazine in writing to our advertisers. These advertisements are aimed at you. They are good advertisements. They represent a lot of thought and study. These advertisers are placing before you their best offers. If any of these offers appeal to you you should write to the advertiser and give him the opportunity to tell you more about what he has to offer. It is costing him a lot of money to visit you, while you are in a position to benefit yourself and to repay him. These advertising people are intelli- gent. Their announcements are inter- esting and valuable. They make wel- come guests to any home, and you can study them to advantage. - — THE AD MAN Every Fact Right at Your Hand in The American Whitaker’s i jdlmanac and Encyclopedia for 1915 Whitaker s Almanac is the Greatest Almanac in the World. It has been Recognized as the Highest Authority in England for a Generation WE ARE the publishers of the American Whitaker’s which gives accurate knowledge on more than 9,000 subjects — over three times that of the average standard or 50c Almanac in paper. This great American Whitaker’s in cloth sells in all the stores at $1.00. American Whitaker’s with THE WORLD’S WORK form the strongest combination of world ’round facts and history of events you can possibly buy. Special Introductory Offer To introduce this great Almanac to the American people, we offer it with the WORLD’S WORK for one year, both for $3.10. The American Whitaker’s will be sent forthwith and if not satisfactory you can return it within live days, thus cancelling your subscrip- tion. Do not send any money now. This is an “On Approval” offer to in- troduce the American Whitaker’s. Q/r, M.2.t5 r / Doubleday, Q/ Page & Co. Garden City, New York GENTLEMEN:— Send me the American Whitaker sand enter my subscription to the WORLD'S WORK for one year beginning with the cur- rent issue for which I agree to pay $3.10. It being understood I am to receive the Almanac on ap- proval and if unsatisfactory. I have the privilege of returning it, which action automatically cancels my subscrip- tion to the WORLD'S WORK. Name Jiddress FJAJTOG in 1904 sold Keith’s Magazine, founded by me, ten of the best recent examples of bungalows and houses will appear nontbly in SHORT STORIES Magazine (newsstands 15c.) and >1.00 for six issues gives you 60 practical plans, 60 short stories, six omplete novels by high-class popular authors and your choice of any 'I my new $1.00 cloth bound plan books listed below: 72 Cottages & Bungalows $1.00 I 124 cstg. $2500 to $3000 $1.00 ■40cstg. $500 to $2000 1.00 121 “ $3000 to $4000 1.00 138 $2000 to $2500 1.00 I 123 “ $4000 and up 1.00 VALTER J. KEITH, Archt., Suite 848, 11 W 32nd St, New York. N. Y. If You Want Building Information Write to the Readers’ Service Department. Our wide experience with building problems and the building trades has given us a valuable fund of information. Ad- vice and help in selecting materials and equipment, etc., will be cheerfully given free of cost. Address The Readers’ Service, Doubleday, Page & Co., Garden City, N. Y. Write to the Readers' Service for suggestions about garden furnitiere (>0 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 5 HARDY NUT TREES $2.00 Rochester Grown — Severe Climate — 15 below zero at times insures hardiness. 1 ENGLISH WALNUT 100,000 of these trees now growing at our Nursery i BUTTERNUT at Fairport, N. Y. Safe shipment at once, wher- 1 ENGLISH FILBERT ever planting may be done now, or will reserve trees 1 BLACK WALNUT and ship when desired Vigorous little trees, the 5 From Atlantic to Pacific, from Canada to the Gulf, these for $2.00 shipped prepaid strong rugged Trees will thrive and produce results. No matter what you may he interested in get our Catalog and Planting Guide, profusely illustrated, includes Nut Culture, Fruits, Roses, Shrubs, Evergreens, etc., FREE GLEN BROS., Inc., Glenwood Nursery, Est. 1866, 1718 Main St., ROCHESTER, N. Y. have been growing for four gen- erations. Ask the best authority you know about their quality. Write for 75th Anniversary Catalog describing the perfect specimens. We ship direct from the most complete stock in America. Genuineness of species and safe packing guaranteed or your money back. ELLW ANGER & BARRY Mt. Hope Nurseries P. 0. Box 234 Rochester, N. Y. My Special Collection Offers assure you the most practical proven varieties at prices remarkably low. Found only in Collins Garden and Orchard Guide Free on request — the book which lists and describes all the best varieties of fruits, small fruits, berries, shrubs and decorative plants. Write for it today. ARTHUR J. COLLINS Box 23 Moorestown, N. J. >0 Hardy English Walnuts \ My Hardy Pennsylvania Grown Trees grafted on Black Walnut CjgygL 1 Stocks are perfectly hardy and Kk* r1 : -ju bear young and abundantly. ALSO HARDY PECAN TREES IVrite for handsome catalogue J. F. JONES The Nut Tree Specialist, Lancaster, I*a. Quality Seed Potatoes Be sure to get our Free Catalogue. Johnson Seed Potato Company Richmond, Maine Evergreens ■\17HEN you want some especially fine ever- VV greens, the kind that have been neither coddled nor forced; but possess that much- sought-for sturdy constitution, resulting from growing in the rugged climate ot New England; then come to us. No finer trees can be found anywhere, or more rea- sonably priced. Send /or catalog. rserres ~~,rrr? Shrubs 'M’OT just the ordinary run of shrubs, but the full-rooted, sturdy- topped kind, that you can depend on. As for Rhododendrons, we have an exceptional assortment of both native and imported hybrids. You will say they are surely priced consistently. 1 Send for catalog. _ Less Work By using low “Electric” steel wheels on your old runn- ing gear or us- ing Steel Wagon rot. ^ELECTRIC Save high lifts, get lighter draft, prevent rutting, save money in repairs — steel wheels do not dry out or Write today for free catalog on wagons and wheels. C WHEEL OO., 25 Elm St., Quincy, 111. Cold Weather Plants and Flower Seeds that Grow You can’t suc- ceed with tender plants where winters are cold. Better make sure by getting plants that have stood a Vermont winter. Ask for the new Horsford catalogue before placing spring orders. F. H. HORSFORD Charlotte, Vermont WHOLESALE PRICES On Strawberry Plants; other varieties such as Raspberry, Blackberry, Currants, Grapes and other roots at very reasonable prices, extra heavy rooted stock. NO BETTER PLANTS CAN BE GROWN ANYWHERE. Twenty-one years’ experience in propagating plants. Everything Fully Guaranteed. Descriptive catalogue and prices free. A. R. WESTON & CO., R. F. D. No. 13, Bridgman, Mich. If you wish information about dogs apply to the Readers' Service A Free Service to Property Owners Who Wish to Sell or Rent If you have a country, suburban or seashore home you wish to sell or rent, list it without delay, in our Real Estate Directory File. All that is necessary for you to do is to send a com- plete description, state price, terms, etc. There is no charge for this listing — not even in the event of a sale or rental. We do not act as real estate brokers nor negoti- ate sales in our office — we simply co-operate with owners desirous of selling and renting, to reach pros- pective 'purchasers, by placing the owner in touch with the buyer and vice versa. Send your descrip- tion to Manager Real Estate Department, Country Life in America The National Real Estate Medium Garden City, L. I. 11 W. 32nd St., N. Y. PHOTOGRAPHS Of the New Forests, England. Beautiful Landscapes, Sunsets, Moonlight Views. Gypsy and Nature Life, and almost every subject you can think of, for ad- vertising and publishing purposes. Illustration Department. DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY 1 1 West 32nd Street, New York City THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 61 J THI TJ rcAwonNi library! THE FLOWER GARDEN HOUSE PLANTS / thiNJ rGAHMNl LIBRARY! rGARDFNl LIBRARY] The Garden Library Start your plans now to make your home grounds more attractive this year. Another tree, shrubs, flower beds, etc., will make the grounds around your home a pleasure to look upon and it will in- crease the value of your property more than you realize. To make plans, to make the selection of what will prove the hardiest and most attractive will be found in the “Garden Library.” It will tell you how to double your garden crops and how to grow better and more beautiful flowers. The books in the “Garden Library” are practi- cal, complete and authoritative. If you live in the country or if you ever expect to, let us send the set to you on approval. The Flower Garden By Ida D. Bennett A clear and concise summary of every pos- sible sort of information that might be de- sired by any one interested in gardens. House Plants and How to Grow Them By P. T. Barnes Nothing gives a more cheerful look to a home than growing plants and flowers, yet few people appreciate the possibilities of their cultivation within doors. This volume des- cribes hundreds of foliage and flowering plants suitable for home culture and gives complete details for their raising and propa- gation. The Orchard and Fruit Garden By E. P. Powell This book is without question the most com- prehensive and useful manual ever published on this subject. It is a mine of practical in- formation on the cultivation of nearly every kind of fruit grown in this part of the world and gives all the latest developments in fruit culture. Vines and How to Grow Them By William McCollum The whole subject of vine cultivation for the practical gardener is here thoroughly cov- ered. Not only are the commoner varieties of hardy annuals and woody vines discussed and the best methods for their cultivation in- dicated but complete directions are alsogiven for growing the more unusual greenhouse varieties. Mail day. Roses and How to Grow Them By Many Experts The most authoritative book recently pub- COllpOn tO“ lished on American practice both outdoors 1 and under glass. It shows when, where, and how to plant, gives full instructions for regu- lar care of the plants, for pruning, for the eradication of pests, and contains descrip- tions of the different types and races of roses with their peculiarities. Lawns and How to Make Them By Leonard Barron IIow to make good lawns at the least possi- ble expense is explained in a practical way in this volume and directions for their up- keep given. The necessities, soil, water, and seed of lawns in different localities, are indicated and for the first time the use of in- gredients in lawn seed mixtures is explained. Garden Planning By W. S. Rogers This volume is really a guide to escaping the common faults of amateur garden planning. The broad principles for different types ot gardens are always the same and these are here given in such a form that they may be easily applied to the different conditions fac- ing the gardener. Daffodils — Narcissus — And How to Grow Them By A. M. Kirby The various types of daffodils and narcissus are here described and the characteristics of each, whether suitable for out-of-doors, home or hot-hsuse culture, fully shown. Tables indicating the type of soil necessary for hundreds of different varieties, their shape, size, planting and blooming time, and other peculiarities are also given. Chrysanthemums and How to Grow Them By I. L. Powell The most practical guide for an amateur col- tivator of this the most effective and useful of all garden flowers. The volume shows how the different varieties are raised, how pests are destroyed, how the greenhouse products are best produced, and includes complete tables showing the type, color, and planting and blooming times of hundreds of varieties. Water Lilies and How to Grow Them By H. S. Conard and Henri Hus Written by the two greatest authorities on water lilies in America. This volume is the best practical guide to their cultivation. The varieties suitable to different conditions are fully described, their characteristics shown and full instructions for the making of inex- pensive ponds given. The Vegetable Garden By Ida D. Bennett This book deals fully with the various vege- tables that form the staple of the small gar- den. FREE— If You Order Quickly THE GARDEN MAGAZINE for One Year— THE 1915 GARDEN AND FARM ALMANAC (200 pages, fully illustrated) SEND NO MONEY — Simply send in the attached order blank and the books will come to you. If you decide to keep them, pay by small monthly installments, if not return them at our expense; you will owe us nothing. As a Special Reward for promptness we will include with your order for The Garden Library a whole year’s subscription to The Garden Magazine. The Garden Magazine you need to keep you in touch with the latest gardening news and methods. This is the greatest of all gardening combinations. Use the coupon to-day. Garden City DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY New York Ferns and How to Grow Them By G. A. Woolson This practical volume by a real nature stu- dent who has solved the various problems of growing our native ferns is of peculiar inter- est because of its completeness and method of approach. Nearly every variety of fern native to this country that may be grown within doors and without is fully described and its habits shown. This Coupon Saves You Money. Use It To-day Doubleday, Page & Co., Garden City, N. Y. G. M. 2-15 Gentlemen: — Please send me The Garden Library in 12 volumes and enter the name of for one year’s subscription to the Garden Magazine. Also send me the 200 page 1915 Garden and Farm Almanac. If the books are satisfactory 1 agree to pay 50c on acceptance, $1.00 a month for 13 months, and if the books are not satis- factory I will return them and you will refund my first pay® ment. 62 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE God’s Country-and the Woman A Tale of the ‘Aristocracy of the North” By JAMES OLIVER CURWOOD Author of “Kazan,'” “The Honor of the Great Snows, "etc. A ROMANCE of the North Woods and the strange promise that Philip Weyman is. called upon to make by a girl he meets far off in “God’s Country.” Mr. Curwood tells vividly of the life of the “Aristocracy of the North,” as he calls it — that splendid race of the Hudson Bay country, whose ancestry, if the facts were known, could be traced back to the best blood of France and England of two centuries ago. The story of Philip’s love for Josephine, of his attempts to solve the mystery that hangs over Adare House — of the fight with Thoreau’s “bad men” and its dramatic outcome, make “God's Country — and the Wom- an” one of the really notable tales of life on the only frontier that is now left. The Author — Arctic Explorer Six months of every year Mr. Curwood spends in this far Northlands — “God’s Country” he names it. He has been Twice to the Arctic Three times to the Barren Lands Four times to Hudson’s Bay Twice into the terra incognita between the Great Bear and the Great Slave Lakes Twice through the untraveled mountains of British Columbia to the Yukon All the characters in “God’s Country — and the Woman” are real people — men and women that he has met and lived with on these exploring trips. Illustrated by William Oberhardt and Norman Borchardt. Net $1.25 DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY, Garden City,N.Y. How the Author First Met the Real “Josephine” of the Story: Her right name is Melisse Cum- mins. I shall never forget the first day I saw her, and that scene I have de- scribed, as the picture was painted for me then, in the meeting of Jose- phine and Philip Weyman beside the rock in my novel. I had come up with Cummins, her husband, who had been down to the edge of civili- zation. She stood in the doorway of a log cabin that was overgrown with woodvine and mellow with the dull red glow of the climbing bakneesh, with the warmth of the late summer sun falling upon her bare head. Cummin’s shout had brought her to the door when we were still half a rifle-shot down the river; a second shout, close to shore, brought her run- ning down toward us. In that first view I had of her I called her beautiful. It was chiefly, I think, because of her splendid hair, her lithe slimness, and the color and glow in her face and eyes. John Cummins’ shout of home-coming had caught her with her hair undone, and she greeted us with the dark and lustrous masses of it sweeping about her shoulders and down to her hips. Thus it was that I received my intro- duction and touched the hand of Melisse Cummins, the FlorenceNight- ingale of several thousand square miles of northern wilderness. Are Y ou Searching for a Country Estate, Model Farm, Suburban Residence or Bungalow? There are complete descriptions of very, desirable properties that are not publicly known to be on the market in our Real Estate Directory File. If you wish to know their location, acreage, price, terms, etc., kindly com- municate at once with Mgr. Real Estate Department COUNTRY LIFE IN AMERICA The National Real Estate Medium Garden City, Long Island 11 West 32nd Street, New York A Man Who Has The Courage of His Convictions This Advertisement was inserted and paid for by the editor of the Statesville, N. C., “Landmark” LET EVERYBODY READ “CROWDS” A hundred dollars worth of books for $ 1 .35 ALLISON’S BOOK STORE He goes on to say : “I say to you, in all earnestness and conviction, that there is more sense, and business, and money in this book than you can lind elsewhere on earth to-day in anything like the same space. “It is more interesting than any twenty novels of the day. If, after you have read it, you want your money back, I will buy it from you for what you paid for it, and give you a bonus for reading it. The ‘Landmark’ is authorized tc act for me in this matter.” “CROWDS” By GERALD STANLEY LEE Seventh Edition with index - Net $1.35 Leather, Illustrated. Net $2.00 Garden City DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO. New Yorl Gladiolus, Dahlias, Roses Choice stock for spring planting. The kind that is sure to grow and bloom. We have good collec- tions of the very best varieties. Send postal for 1915 catalogue. N. A. Hallauer, Fruitland, N. Y. SCHOOL OF HORTICULTURE FOR WOME11 ( 18 Miles from ‘Philadelphia ) Spring Term ot regular two-year course begins Feb. 2nd. Practical and theoretical training in the growing of fruits, vegetables and flowers. Simple carpentry. Bees. Poultry. Preserving. School Gardening and the Principles of Landscape Gardening. Constant de- mand for trained women to fill salaried positions. Write for Catalogue. Jes«ie T. Morgan. Director Ambler, I*u. What is a fair rental for a given property? Ask the Readers' Service A perfect crop of cabbage plants all under Sunlight Double Glass Sash Every box was full and every plant was large, stocky and perfectly healthy. Ca n you afford to run your without Sunlight Double Gh 1 housands of expert gardeners say they cannot. Mr. H. B. Fullerton, who, as Di- rector of Development of the Long Island Railway Company, has taught Long Island to lead the country in efficient and profit- able garden work says, “I am still wondering why people use single glazed sash under any circumstances.” The only thing on earth to use is the double-glazed sash. And so say many others. In fact the only testimonials we use are extracts from letters ordering more sash. Many of the country’s largest users have ordered three years in succession. air space does away with all need to use mats and shutters. The saving of this expense is much, but the saving in the dady labor in handling these soggy mats and heavy shutters in all kinds of weather is far more. Figure out what it is costing you if you are doing this useless work. This double glazing gives the plants all the light all the time, keeping them warm at night and saving them from the shock of sudden changes. It makes far stronger and earlier plants than can be grown under the old single layer sash. Big early plants give you the high prices of the early market and often make these sash pay for themselves in a single season. Not only cabbage plants but all plants — cauliflower, beet, tomato, pepper, egg plant, sweet potato and all kinds of flowers that are started in hot-beds or cold frames — ■ thrive best under Sunlight Double Glass Sash. y / A really / / valuable aid to gardening Die frame is of cypress i % inches thick with two layers of glass. The upper layer is lapped and is easily glazed by anyone, without putty. The panes in the under layer are butted end to end. Between these two layers is an air space y% inches thick — a transparent blanket admitting the light but excluding the cold — admitting the sun’s heat and holding much of it in storage throughout the long night. This book points the way to bigger profits in gardening. It gives the actual experience of growers all over the country — tells how they with the aid of Sunlight Double Glass Sash grew bigger, stronger, earlier plants which yielded the big, early market prices. In fact this is a text book on hot-bed and cold frame gardening — -chock full of facts and ideas that will help you whether you garden for profit or for pleasure. It describes in de- tail the construction of both the sash and the small greenhouse. Gives lowest net prices with complete instructions for ordering. This catalogue is free. If you want Prof. Massey’s booklet on the care and use of hot- beds, cold frames and a small greenhouse send 4c. in stamps. Prof. Massey is an acknowl- edged authority on hot-bed and cold frame gardening. Write for these books today as now is the time to prepare for this Spring’s work. SUNLIGHT DOUBLE GLASS SASH CO. 927 E. Broadway Louisville, Ky. Tear off and mail today No more mats and shutters I he extra layer of glass by enclosing the ir inexpensive Greenhouse Besides their use on hot- beds and cold frames the same double glass sash may be used during all or a part ofthe green- house months on our ready made greenhouses. These houses made entirely of cy- press and glass areinexpensive and excellent. They are made either with a sunken path to give access to the beds, see illustration, or can be placed on side walls of frame, con- crete or brick construction so as to use benches for the plants. The frame work is assembled as far as is practi- cal for shipment. Anyone can put up one of these houses aided by our complete blue- prints. See further details of this house in our catalogue. Sunlight Double Glass Sash Co. 927 E. Broadway, Louisville, Ky, Gentlemen: — Please send me your free catalogue. Enclosed find 4c in stamps for Prof. Massey’s book. Name iliiil coupon Burpee's The Leading American Seed eeds A Post Card Will Bring This Book To You Catalog Grow is the one thing that makes possible the commerce of the world. It is the greatest factor that enters into a purchase of seeds, because you are not buying a finished pro- duct but only the means by which your garden may be either a pronounced success or a par- tial failure. Seeds — good or bad — may look the same, but their resulting crops — How different! You cannot afford to risk a season’s work with seeds of unknown quality. When you buy BURPEE’S SEEDS the element of doubt is removed so far as is possible by human care. The confidence of many thousands of pleased and permanent customers is main- tained by the Burpee Idea of Quality Eirst — “to give rather than to get all that is possible.” Confidence of our customers — combined with the efficient Burpee Service — - has built the World’s Greatest Mail-Order Seed Business. The House of Burpee has introduced more distinct new varieties of vegetable and flower seeds that are now in general cultivation than have any other three American firms, but never have we cataloged any one of these new varieties until it had passed all the exacting requirements of the Burpee Standard. This Burpee Standard is maintained by rigid tests at Fordhook Farms, America’s Largest and Most Complete Trial Grounds. These tests are made each year for the purpose of strengthening this Bond of Confidence between our customers and ourselves. Burpee’s Annual for 1915 This “Silent Salesman" is a bright new book of 182 pages with hundreds of illustrations and carefully written descriptions of vegetables and flowers. It is a safe guide to success in the garden — of real value to everyone who plants seeds either for pleasure or profit. Write for it today, and kindly mention Garden Magazine. W. ATLEE BURPEE & CO., Burpee Buildings, Philadelphia THE COUNTRY LIFE PRESS, GARDEN CITY, NEW YORK FARMING NEWEST ROSES and CARNATIONS * ^ SPRING WORK OPENS Dwarf Fruits An Alpine Plant House A Pedigree Vegetable Garden COUNTRY LIFE g|| DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO. ^ THE WORLD’S IN AMERICA Chicago GARDEN CITY. N. Y. New York WORK The Chinese Woolf lower ( Celosia Childsi ) This new Celosia is the most magnificent garden annual ever intro- duced. Not since we introduced the “Golden Glow Rudbeckia” (a hardy perennial) has such a truly valuable and glorious garden flower of any sort come to light. Its ease of culture and long continued sea- son of bloom (early J uly until frost) , together with its massive bunches of wool-like flowers and glowing color combine to make it the show- iest as well as the most odd and novel flower of most any garden. Plants grow two to three feet high, the bloom starting early with a central head, of globular form, which often reaches the immense size of two feet in circumference. Scores of branches are thrown out, each bearing a ball of scarlet wool. All these branches support numerous laterals with small heads of bloom mixed with fresh green foliage, so that a plant looks like an immense bouquet splendidly arranged and set in the ground. None of the blooms fade in any way until hit by frost; but all continue to expand and glow with a deepening richness of color, a dark crimson scarlet. The Woolflower has been exhibited at many flower shows and never failed to create a sensation, and has received many certifi- cates of merit, including one from the New York Florist’s Club. Seed 20 cts. per pkt. of 40 to 50 seeds; 3 pkts. for 50 cts., together with New BLUE PETUNIA and GIANT SUMMER COSMOS free for trial, and Catalogue. Our 1915 CATALOGUE of Flower and Vegetable Seeds, Summer-flowering Bulbs, Window and Bedding Plants, Hardy perennials, Vines, rare new flowering Shrubs and the greatest new Fruits and Berries, sent free to all who apply. Scores of Sterling Novelties. We are the largest growers in the world of Gladioli, Cannas, Dahlias, Lilies, Iris, etc. Our gardens at Floral Pork and Flowerfield comprise more than one thousand acres. We are headquarters for all summer-flowering Bulbs, and our stocks are the largest, best and cheapest. The Schoolmate A New Magazine for School Children Dr. Clara Barrus. Contributing Editor: Editor: Mr. John Burroughs. John Lewis Childs, General Manager. CONTRIBUTORS. — Among the many noted people who are to contribute to the early numbers are — : John Burroughs, the Dean of Nature Writers. He will have a letter of greeting to the school children of America in the April number. Admiral R. E. Peary, Stories of the Arctic. Gen. Geo. W. Wingate, Pres. Athletic League of the Public Schools of New York City. Ernest Thompson Seton, Nature Writer and Chief of Boy Scouts. Geo. K. Cherrie, Traveller and Naturalist, who accompanied Col. Roosevelt through Brazil. Lora S. La Mance, National Organizer, W. C. T. U. R. C. Murphy, Traveller, Explorer and Naturalist. Luther Burbank, Creator of New Plants, Flowers and Fruits. A. C. McLachlan, A M. Ph. D., Prin. Jamaica Training School. Rev. H. R. Bennett, Fairy Stories. John Muir, Interviews by Dr. Clara Barrus. The manager, editors and contributors aim to help school children from the ages of five to fifteen, or older, in as many ways as possible. There will be hints and helps for them in both work and play. Nature study, gardening, athletics, hygiene, deport- ment and morals are some of the subjects to which the young readers will be fre- quently directed, and stories of travel and adventure will be contributed by writers of distinction in these fields. Dr. Clara Barrus, whose work for many years has been among mental invalids, will furnish hints for the preservation of mental health, and aids to mental as well as physical hygiene. The Schoolmate will be issued every month of the year except July and August, and no pains will be spared to make it a real chum and companion of the School Boy and the School Girl, as its name implies. We shall aim to make it inter- esting. useful, entertaining and educational. It is hoped to make the magazine of such literary excellence that it will prove an unconscious teacher to children seeking to express themselves in speaking and writing. Price 5 cents a copy ; 30 cents a year ; 25 cents a year in clubs of ten or more The first number will appear April 1st, 1915. Published by the Mayflower Publishing Company, Floral Park, N. Y. Subscriptions may be sent at once to the General Manager, John Lewis Childs, Floral Park, N. Y. Order at once. This offer will not appear again Address JOHN LEWIS CHILDS, Floral Park, N. Y. Iarch, 1915 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE (>3 LUSCIOUS MELONS SWEET and MELTING Farquhar’s Honey-Drop For earliness and delicious flavor, this splendid melon is without a rival. Our patrons proclaim it to be the sweetest and best. It is of good size, beautiful form, very productive and has thick, deep orange flesh. Pkt. .10; oz. .50. Farquhar’s Triumph A most excellent green- fleshed form of the Honey- Drop. Pkt. .10; oz. .50. Catalogue on request R. & J. FARQUHAR & CO. 9 South Market Street Boston, Mass. Plan Your Hardy Garden Now THE PATHWAY TO PERENNIALS LEADS STRAIGHT TO THE PALISADES NURSERIES A perfect picture in your garden to last for years will be the result if you allow us now to plan a scheme, whether of contrasts or of harmonies, to be carried out this spring. Our “Artistic” Border ioo feet long by 4 feet wide, about 350 plants, costs $25.00 only. Consider what is “saved” by this system and what is gained in true beauty. Cost ol Plans and How They May Be Had Free Beautiful landscape effects result only from a preconceived scheme of arrangement; hence the importance of a plan. Plan for showing proper arrangements of single beds, or perennial •borders, 100x4 ft., $5.00, PREE with orders for $25.00 and upwards worth of plants. Plan for property containing 7500 sq. ft. or less, $10.00, FREE with orders for $100.00 and upwards worth of plants. Plan for property containing 7500 to 12,000 sq. ft., $15.00, FREE with orders for $150.00 and upwards worth of plants. Plan for property containing 12,000 to 20,000 sq. ft., $20.00, FREE with orders for $200.00 and upwards worth of plants. Plan for property containing over 20,000 sq. ft., special price. Remember we furnish the plants at growers’ rates thereby, saving the middleman’s profits, which means that we furnish everything necessary to make a perfect arrangement at lowest possible cost. ou.r attractiv'e book “ Hardy Gardens Easily Made” we have endeavored to simplify a Oarrlen of 1 erennials or Old Fashioned Flowers” by prepared plans adaptable to most sit- uations accompanied with “lowest cost” estimates that make your ideals no longer a Utopian ream. Let us send you one and thus save yourself hours of needless pondering over catalogues, and likewise surprise yourself with what can be done with so little money. On receipt oj ten rents in stamps which will he credited to your first order, we will send you this valuable plan bonk, together with our handsomely illustrated catalogue (48 pages, n x 12. the limit of true economy worked out). THE PALISADES NURSERIES Growers of P alisades Popular Perennials , and Landscape Gardeners Grow Orchids YOU will find it most fascinating. Wonderful results may be obtained by the amateur grower by following a few simple directions fully explained in our illustrated Orchid Book which we will send you upon request. It contains reliable information about planting and subsequent care of this most beautiful and popular plant, with description and prices of the various varieties, and special suggestions for beginners. Visitors Always Welcome at Our Nurseries JULIUS Exotic Nurseries ROEHRS CO. Rutherford, N. J. 'A [ si? : V Vt. V * The Readers' Service gives information about insurance 64 THE GARDEN M A G A Z I Ugly Building! Why Endure Your Neigh! THE WM. H. MOON COMPANY Nurserymen Makefiel Philadelphia Office: Room B, 21 S. 12th St. TREE AND BALL FORM PRIVETS are a good imitation of Boxwood. Being hardy and inexpensive makes them very desirable. We make a specialty of ORNAMENTAL and FRUIT TREES, EVERGREENS, SHRUBBERY, VINES, ROSES, etc. Write for our illustrated catalogue and price list. It will give some valuable suggestions which will help you improve the appearance and value of your property. THE MORRIS NURSERY COMPANY West Chester Chester County, Penna. N E M ARCH, 19] W^EN you realize the large number of Golf Clubs, Parks and Ceme- teries in all parts of the world using “PENNSYLVANIA” Quality Lawn Mowers (HAND. HORSE OR POWER) you know there must be reasons. There are ! All of the blades are of the highest grade crucible tool steel, oil - hardened and water - tempered. They are positively self-sharpening and don’t require re-grinding. “PENNSYLVANIA” Mowers are easy running — saving time and effort. If you want Lawn Mower efficiency and economy look for the “PENN- SYLVANIA” trade mark at your hardware dealer’s or seedsman’s. The following brands are all "PENN- SYLVANIA" Quality : “Pennsylvania*' “Great American” “Continental” “Keystone” “New Departure” “Golf” “Pony” Horse and Power and others M *1 J C- “Scientific Lawn Mailed rree Making , an in- structive book written by a prom- inent authority, gladly mailed to anyone interested, together with a catalog of ‘ PENNS YL VANIA ' ' Quality Lawn Mowers. \ \ SUPPLEE- BIDDLE HARDWARE COMPANY fcox 1575 Philadelphia % i Dwarf Apple Trees for Small Places These Dwarf Apple, in several varieties, have been planted anti trained in my nursery for live years. Last fall they bore fruit, so I know they are true to name. I also have dwarf trees that are not so old, and of course are smaller. Dwarf Pear and Cherry Trees I can supply from my own grounds true-to-name dwarf Pear and Cherry trees. All my fruit trees are budded from bearing parents. Send for my Catalogue “{ ApUTpears. Cherries. Mailed free to your address — write today for it* SAMUEL FRASER Nurseryman and Fruit Grower 173 Main St. Geneseo, N. Y. i The Readers' Service will gladly furnish information about Retail Shops 65 T II E G A R 1) E N M A G A Z 1 N E nrnrrrrtf^ ^KiXik.A JTn r.TT'TT^T" ifctetefcfefctefctefctifef AlpK ano urr\u*sr Good for Vegetables I 7-C Battery Place New York & h i 8 f* B n Glimpse on the grounds of Mrs. Peckham, at New Rochelle, N.Y., where Alphano Humus was used on the lawn and garden. The flowers were so superior that Mrs. Peckham last year won the Gardening Club’s first prize. This grass was grown in a sandy loam soil lacking in Humus Same soil — same grass — same season, three weeks after Alphano Humus had been spread on and raked in. If Humus Is Good for Everything that Grows then Alphano Humus Is Good for Every Growing Thing. Use It on Your Lawn. Dig It Around Your Shrubs. Garden with It from Start to Finish ■±K ’ Av ± > • ■ ALPHANO Humus will give an immediate and long enduring fertility to your soil. It settles for all time, the annual spring bugaboo of where and how to get satisfactory soil enrichment. The fertility of any and all soils absolutely depends on the humus they contain. Put back sufficient humus in an exhausted, unproductive soil, and its fertility returns. Returns because the essential bacterial action is again started, and the locked-up plant foods are liberated. Humus is the very hotbed of the bacteria that “yeasts-up” and aerates the soil. Humus it also is that performs the offices of a sponge, retaining the moisture in the soil and liberating it gradually. Humus it is that, when mixed with light soils, makes them heavier; or if mixed with heavy soils, makes them lighter. In one it binds the soil together. In the other, it breaks down its too compact mass. It is apparent, then, that if Humus of itself contained no plant foods, it is still a highly valu- able soil element. Without it there can be no fertility. The ideal Humus would then seem to be one that is also rich in plant foods. Just such a Humus is Alphano Humus. So rich is it in plant foods, that various of the leading agricultural experiment stations have definitely valued its plant food content at from $10. to $12. a ton. From these figures, it is then obvious that when you pay $12. a ton for Alphano Humus, you are getting your money’s worth in plant food alone, in addition to the actual Ilumus it contains. At Alphano, N. J., we have this wonderful deposit of rich soil Humus, which wre concen- trate, drive out the excessive moisture, add further enriching properties and then prepare it in a powdered form, all ready for easy mix- ing with the soil. It is not acid inert swamp muck. It is soil $12. a ton in bags. $8. a ton by the carload in bulk F. O. B. Alphano, N. J. Humus containing all the elements of fertility in active form. It is odorless. It is free from weed seeds. When mixed with the soil of your garden or spread on your lawn and raked in it gives a long enduring fertility. In a single season you can convert a practi- cally worthless soil into one of surprisingfertility. Its freedom from odor makes gardening with it an added pleasure. Its powdered form makes it possible to thoroughly incorporate it with the soil. It can be applied to your lawn at any time without being either obnoxious or unsightly. All of it can be raked in the soil — none need be raked off. Being so reasonable in price and so easy to apply, you feel free to use it without stinting. For further facts, figures and directions for its use, send for our Humus Book. In writing, kindly let us know the area of your garden or lawn and we will advise you how much Alphano Hu- mus you need. Get your order in as early as possible and get theHumus into your soil. The earlier the better, for early results. If you wish to systematize your business the Readers’ Sendee may be able to offer suggestions (>6 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE March, 1915 Poultry, Kennel and Live Stock Directory Informatio^ * 7 •' poultry and live stock will be gladly given, Address INFORMATION DEPARTMENT, The Garden Magazine, 11-13 W. 32d Street, New York. ^ hey there. WHAT YOU BEEN EATING? \ Of PUB,N^ 4* ©fc (cH/CKEN CHO'*4 & \ x -V. t pURINA CHV^ y Chicken Chowder makes Chesty Chix The first six weeks of a chick’s life largely determine its future profits. Paying hens grow fast when young. They mature early and begin laying early. Proper feeding of the right balanced ration puts a chick with constitutional vigor into the profit column early and keeps it there longer. Purina Chick Feed and Purina Chicken Chowder (in checkerboard bags) contain just the elements that makes chicks develop rapidly and lay early. These feeds, suited to tender digestive organs, will save even- possible baby chick. Use Purina Chicken Chowder and Purina Chick Feed according to the Purina Feeding Plan, for the first six weeks of a chick’s life, and we will absolutely guarantee Double development or money back Don’t risk the future profits by using unknown or home-made feeds. Purina Chick Feed and Purina Chicken Chowder insure the quickest and largest profits. Insist on the original bag. Sold only in CHECKERBOARD BAGS. POULTRY BOOK FREE For your dealer’s name we will send you this 48-page Poultry Book, containing plans of houses, breeding and feeding charts, space for daily egg records, cures of diseases, care of baby chicks, etc., and information about Col. Purina’s half priced galvanized iron Chick Drinking Fountains (2 for 25c.), feeders, etc. Write today. Col. Purina, Purina Mills, 829 Gratiot Street, St. Louis, Mo. Trial Offer: If your dealer cannot supply you with Purina Chick Feed and Purina Chicken Chowder send us $5.00 and we will ship you a 100-lb. bag of each by freight collect. To Retail Merchants: If your jobber cannot supply you with Purina Chick Feed and Purina Chicken Chowder send us your order for not less than 200 lbs. and we will see that it is delivered to you at regular dealers’ prices — packed only in 100-lb. checkerboard bags and in 100-lb. checkerboard bales containing twelve 8^3 lb. packages. A checkerboard bag ensures highest quality. Bob White Quail Partridges and Pheasants Capercailzies, Black Game, Wild Turkeys, Quails, Rabbits, Deer, etc., for stocking purposes. Fancy Pheasants, Peafowl. Swans, Cranes, Storks. Ornamental Geese and Ducks, Foxes, Squirrels, Ferrets, etc., and all kinds of hirds and animals. WILLIAM J. MACKENSEN, Naturalist Dept. 55, Pheasantry and Game Park YARDLEY, PA. G. D. TILLEY Naturalist “ Everything in the Bird Line from a Canary to an Ostrich ” Birds for the House and Porch Birds for the Ornamental Waterway Birds for the Garden, Pool and Aviary Birds for the Game Preserve and Park 1 am the oldest established and largest exclusive dealer in land and water birds in America and have on hand the most extensive stock in the United States. G. D.TILLEY, Naturalist Box G. Darien, Conn. Greider’s Fine Catalogue and calendar of pure bred poultry; 70 vari- eties illustrated and described, many in natural colors. A perfect guide to poultry raisers — full of facts. Low prices on stock and eggs for hatch- ing. Incubators and brooders. 22 years in business. You need this noted book. Send 10c for it — today. B. H. CREIDER Box 25 RHEEMS, PA. HEADQUARTERS FOR Sicilian Buttercups The laying, paying breed. Re- cord of 300 eggs a year per hen. y Silver Campines. World famous egg pro- f A ducers. Columbian Rocks. Best general pur- pose breed — best of mothers — very beautiful. Descriptive illustrated catalog free, CLOVER HILL FARM Box D. Little Silver, N. J. No. 0 Poultry House Hodgson Portable Houses Setting Coops Pigeon House No. 0 HOUSE complete for 12 hens ; sanitary, movable, egg record breaker. $20.00. SETTING COOPS to set a hen in and brood her chicks. $3.00 each. PIGEON HOUSE complete with 10 nests, automatic feeder, water dish and cage. $25.00. Neatly painted. Key-bolted together in 15 minutes. Send for illustrated catalogue . Er nnnrcniu /Room 311, H6 WASHINGTON ST., BOSTON. MA8S.\ Address all corre- • r • nVUUiJOil \CRAFTSMAN BLDG., b EAST 39th ST., NEW YORKJ spondence to Boston SHETL ANDS A few, that are accustomed to children, for sale. CONCORDVILLE PONY FARM. Concordville, Pa. E. V. ODELL’S GARDEN & FARM BUREAU Established 1852 Phone Bryant 7007 Office, 825 6th Avenue, New York Managers, Farmers, Gardeners, Dairymen, Poultrymen, Kennelmen, Horticulturists, all nationalities; prompt service; references investigated. For information regarding railroad and steamship lines, write to the Readers' Service March, 1915 T II E G ARDEN M A G A Z I N E (»7 Poultry, Kennel & Live Stock Directory — Continued We’ll Send You Some Austin’s Dog Bread and a very interesting book “About Dogs,” which you will find most interesting if you love dogs. "Jack” will like And you’ll know why if you keep him supplied and note how much brighter his eyes, glossier his coat and better his disposition. It is the health-giving food for dogs. Write now for FREE Bread and Book. Mention your dealer’s name. BOSTON TERRIERS fine markings, good breeding and excel- lent dispositions. I have sold fifty of these fine pets and companions to Coun- try Life readers during the past year and satisfied every one. Also Bull Terriers and English Bull- dogs. Reasonable prices. IV rile Box 330, Garden Magazine 1 1 W. 32nd St. New York Will reduce Inflamed, Strained, Swollen Tendons, Ligaments, Muscles or bruises. Stops the lameness and pain from a Splint, Side Bone or Bone Spavin. No blister, no hair gone. Horse can be used. $2 a bottle at dealers or delivered. Describe your case for special instructions and Book 2 K Free. W. F. YOUNG, P. D. F., 152 Temple St., Springfield, Mass. THE Poultry Book Compiled by the greatest authorities in the country New Popular Edition in one volume 1299 pages, 375 illustrations COMPLETE, AUTHORITATIVE. PRACTICAL It covers every branch of poultry raising from incubating or hatching to marketing PART ONE describes the varieties best adapted to different conditions and gives instructions for mating, breeding, incubating, treating diseases, marketing, poultry house and brooder building, etc. PARTS TWO AND THREE contain chapters by specialists describing and illustrating the various breeds and giving the standards by which they are judged. Former Price Three volumes, $13.50 Now Illustrated, Net $1 .50 Garden City. DOUBLEDAY. PAGE & CO. New York Do You Ever See Pussy Willows without feeling the spring sap run up your spine? Doesn’t the marvel of the unfolding buds make your fingers itch to dig in the mellow soil and start things growing? Don’t go at it blindly, without purpose and without the knowledge that will make results absolutely certain. You need help if you would turn this universal impulse to good account. Country Life in America is the magazine of the great outdoors — the magazine that will tell you of the best things in country home making — how to plant your hardy border to get a succession of summer-long bloom, what vines to cover your latticework most quickly, what roses are most beautiful and most dependable, what means others have taken to create the most distinctive homes and gardens in America. Isn’t that help worth having — isn’t it really indispensable? Mail a dollar bill now with the signed coupon below and let us send you the March Annual Gardening Manual and four other splendid helpful issues, including the special May number devoted to the all-important subject of Planning the House and its Garden Together. Our Additional Obligation In sending you the magazine each month our obliga- tion is by no means fulfilled. Every subscriber to Country Life In America has at his service a whole corps of experts — men who are highly trained in all various branches of country home making. You may call upon these men at any time to help solve your pro- blems— to clear up some architectural stumbling-block, to work out some landscape gardening detail, to advise as to your dog, poultry, live stock, to select wall papers, hangings, furniture that will fit your scheme of interior decoration. Country Life’s experts are just as much at your service as if you were paying the big fees that this sort of highly specialized skill brings. They will save you in actual money ten times the cost of your subscription in solving a single one of your problems. Write your name behind the pussy willows now. DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY Garden City New York / 4 > ;s* s r. \ AW jV Are You Searching for a Country Estate, Model Farm, Suburban Residence or Bungalow? There are complete descriptions of very desirable properties that are not publicly known to be on the market in our Real Estate Directory File. If you wish to know their location, acreage, price, terms, etc., kindly communicate at once with Mgr. Real Estate Department COUNTRY LIFE IN AMERICA The National Real Estate Medium Garden City, Long Island 11 West 32nd Street, New York If a problem grows in your garden write to the Readers' Sendee for assistance <&/? 1 In lots of 100 each 10 dees [ft. of 1000 > I2C for high each v $2.50 1J to In lots - 1 In lots O 10 trees 2 ft. of 1000 * 32c of 100 Sr for high each each ^ $2.00 1 toll In lots 0 In lots j§ 1 10 trees ft. of 1000 JC of 100 ZLor for high each each $1.50 All these prices are f. o. b. South Framingham. Mass., and include containers, careful packing and prompt deliv- ery to the transporting company. For Your Planting This Spring Use WHITE PINE America’s Greatest Tree While we grow many millions of other good American trees annually, we raise more White Pine than any other tree. Why? Because we believe in While Pine more than in any other tree. Here are a few reasons for our belief : i. — It is the very foundation of ornamental and commercial tree planting. 2. “Of all the trees of eastern North America White Pine best combines the qualities of utility, rapid growth, heavy yield and ease of management,” (U. S. Govt. Report). 3. — White Pine is well termed “tne aristocrat of the evergreens.” 4. — White Pine is the standard tree of commerce. 5. — White Pine is “the tree of adaptability.” flourishing under more conditions of soil and site than any other tree. 6. — White Pine increases land values tremendously. As growers of many kinds of trees, we strongly recommend White Pine as the tree of many uses, the tree for many places Whifp Pinp fnr shelterbelts, windbreaks, snowbreaks, noisebreaks, dustbreaks, UoC ff 11 lie I lllc IOl an(] tall hedges; to screen unsightly spots; for country road- sides; for dry, barren hillsides, as it makes a wonderful background in the landscape picture; for underplanting in your woodlands and in shady places; for borders and avenue planting and otherwise beautifying an estate; for timber plantations; for cut-over lands; for sand barrens and other bare, unproductive, unsightly places; for worn-out pastures; for lands useless for other purposes. You need and should insist that you get American-bom, American- grown trees — free from disease and insect pests, and so vigorous as to resist them far better than foreign varieties can possibly do in this climate; adapted to American conditions, in keeping with American landscapes; satisfying American needs. Inspection certificates of the U. S. Department of Agriculture and the State of Massachusetts Entomo- logical Department accompany all our shipments and assure you of healthy, clean stock. We raise all our trees from seeds collected either by our own men or other men we can trust, in regions that we specify, and from mature trees of vigor and hardihood. Our trees are exposed to all the rigors of the New England climate; are hardy, vigorous, and will thrive. We do not cellar any stock, but keep our plants growing right up to the shipping time — digging them fresh, packing them fresh, and shipping them fresh to you- just when you want them. It is a good plan to buy YOUR little trees where Nurserymen, Landscape Architects and Foresters buy THEIRS JUttle Cree jfarms of America THE GREAT FARMS OF LITTLE TREES, OF LARGE VALUES AND SMALL PRICES Nurseries of American Forestry Company Division A, 1 5 BEACON STREET, BOSTON, MASS. The tree here shown is one of our twice - — transplanted 2 to 3 foot grade White Pines. Note how finely branched, straight-stemmed and well- rooted it is. We have hundreds of thousands of these and the 3 to 4-foot size, and millions of the smaller sizes. NIsvi.r for Our Free Illustrated YYriie 11 OW SPRING 1915 CATALOGUE of Evergreen and Deciduous Trees. Modern Strawberry Growing By ALBERT E. WILKINSON Professor of Horticulture and in charge of extension work., Cornell University The Only Strawberry Manual in Twenty-five Y ears MODERN METHODS OF GROWING MODERN METHODS OF PACKING MODERN METHODS OF SELLING now put within the reach of all in this book by a man who com- bines practical experience in growing strawberries, with a careful study of their peculiarities and the conditions of their growth in all parts of the country, with special attention to home cultiva- tion for the small grower. Illustrated by a remarkable collection of photographs, showing all details of strawberry culture. 200 Pages $1.10 Net 34 Illustrations This is the latest volume of the Garden Library, complete in thirteen volumes, each of which is sold separately. Further particulars as to this set may be had on application. DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY GARDEN CITY NEW YORK The New Ruffled Gladiolus (Kunderdi Type) With Wavy or Ruffled Petals An original American introduction of utmost importance. The most marvelous aild beautiful type of gladiolus ever produced. Each petal is exquisitely ruffled or fluted, giving the flowers a re- fined appearance equalled only by the finest orchids. Acknowledged by leading author- itiesas the greatest advance ever achieved in this most beautiful of all summer flowering bulbs. Luther Burbank, the Wiz- ard of Horticulture says: “The Ruffled Gladiolus, like the ruffled sweet pea, have a refined appear- ance, which the common flat ones do not possess.” Mathew Crawford, author of “The Gladiolus” says: “I have grown Kunderdi New Ruffled Gladiolus for several years, and am charmed with them. They are immensely more beautiful than the plain.” Special Collections and Mixtures will be made up for those who wish our aid in decid- ing what to plant. Catalogue on request containing descri ptions, cultural directions, etc. A. E. Kunderd Originator Goshen Indiana “KUNDERDI GLORY” (from small bulbs) The Readers' Service will give information about automobiles 72 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE March, 1915 25 th Anniversary SEED BOOK MlGHELL SPEEDS Solves Your Garden Problems 228 Pages This free book tells when to plant — what to plant — how to plant. It is a complete guide to Garden Success. Its 228 pages are brimful of suggestions. Selected seeds of the dependable sort. Finest novelties — helpful special groups of all the more popular flowers. Vegetables, hardy perennials, annuals, vines, shrubbery, pot-grown roses, garden supplies, and implements of all sorts are included. Profusely illustrated — six rich color plates. Fully describes the Miehell medals for achievement in Horticulture and Agri- culture— awards well worth earning. This 228-page book is free. Write for your copy today When you receive it, note especially MICHELL’S E verblooming Butterfly Bush — the wonderful shrub which bears beautiful claret-colored blossoms, of rare fragrance, from June till frost comes. HENRY F.MICHELL C0.52°Mark ,s,"e' Philadelphia $1 brings to your door (post paid) our Introductory Package (! bushel) of Michell’s Evergreen Lawn Seed — enough for the average lawn — and Special Bulletin “How to Make a Lawn.” Get Your Copy To-Day “We Raise Our Own Trees ” PLANT EVERGREENS FOR FUTURE USE Seedlings Small Trees Provide now for a splendid hedge of arborvitae. Small plants set out this season will in a short time develop into beau- tiful hedges. The expense is very slight. You’ll find pleasure in watching them grow. Plant a wind break of Blue Spruce or a row of fine Poplars. You’ll be surprised how quickly our 3 and 4 year sizes will grow into large sturdy trees. From our specialized collection of young conifers, all hardy, field grown stock, you can select what you want for any place and purpose. Especially adapted to forest plant- ing and lining out. Among our large assortment you will find: Picea Alba,(lVhite Spruce); Thuya Occidentalis, ( American Arhorvitce); Picea En glemanni , (Englemann Spruce); Thuya Orientalis, ( Oriental Ar- borvitce); Picea Excelsa, ( Norway Spruce); Tsuga Canadensis, (Hemlock); Picea Pungens, ( Col- orado Blue Spruce); Populus Sanpolia, (Norway Poplar); Pi- nus Austriaca, (Austrian Pine); Platanus Orientalis, (Oriental Plane); Pinus Strohus, (IVhite Pine) ; Quercus Rubra, (Red Oak). Send for our booklet. It gives description, sizes and prices. We give complete planting instructions with every order. Remember, trees are permanent improvements. Write us today. THE NORTH-EASTERN FORESTRY CO. Tree Seeds and Nursery Stock Box D Cheshire, Conn. Newest Imported Dahlias of Cactus, Decorative and Peony Flowered Types The Dahlia enthusiast will find my stock of Dahlias the very best to be found, at reasonable prices. All in field grown tubers. No plants sent out unless wanted. $1.00 up to $5.00 a dozen. 20, my choice, for $1.00. Large bulbs for $1.20. SEND FOR MY DAHLIA BOOK containing descrip- tions and prices of 600 different varie- ties. Sent on request. Write now to MRS. H. A. TATE Dahlia Importer and Grower for Enthusiasts Old Fort North Carolina OLYMPIC A grand, flower of adeep rich crimson color and of mas- sive proportions. Many flowers measuring eight inches across and being exceptionally incurved and of great depth as well. IJ you wish information about dogs apply to the Readers’ Service Cover Design — Carnations: Champion (scarlet) and Philadelphia (pink) Readers’ Service - -- -- -- -- -- - 68 Spring Work Begins - -- -- -- -- -- 75 Novelties in the Balance - -- -- -- -- 77 Photographs by J. H. Pepper, J. H. McFarland, C. H. Totty, etc. Growing Best Quality Vegetables on a Time Table Photographs by the author Adolph Kruhm 80 The Lure of the Strawberry - Archibald Rutledge 82 Photographs by the author and N. R. Graves About Seed-drills and Wheel-hoes F. F. Rockwell 83 Photographs by E. R. Rollins and Henry Troth Dwarf Apples for the Home Garden Samuel Fraser 85 Photographs by the author Grafting Fruit Trees Made Easy E. I. Farrington 86 Photographs by S. Leonard Bastin The “ Alpine” House — a New Idea for Americans Photograph by c. p. Raffiii John Avenel 87 Trying to Work Peas Overtime - - H. E. Wilson 88 Just Cheesecloth ------ M. C. Richardson 88 The Japanese Holly, Ilex Crenata 5. R. Candler 88 Photograph by Nathan R. Graves Making Dahlias Bloom - -- -- -- -- - 89 Practical Plans for the Home Grounds Ruth Dean 90 War on the Bugs of Spring - - - W. C. O'Kane 91 Gardening for Young Folks - - Ellen Eddy Shaw Roberta of Roseberry Gardens - Frances Duncan Feminine Garden Tools ----- w. H. E. Plant Evergreens ------- J. M. Patterson Growing Asters Under Cloth - J. Mortimer Adams Two Uncommon Bulbs ----- Nellie Moran Fruit For Every Man’s Garden - A. E. Wilkinson A Four-Day Cut Flower - - - - E. S. Johnson Photograph by Nathan R. Graves The Venetian Sumach - - - - Donald F. Jones Photograph by J. H. McFarland Grafting for Amateurs - - - - S. Leonard Bastin Plants for Ground Covers - - - A. Van Gelder Soil Mixing Explained ----- A. W. Dufy The Peach-Leaved Bellflower - - - Pitt Stone Photograph by Nathan R. Graves The Globe Headed Elm ------- F. H. Food Suggestions ----- Efie M. Robinson Cassia and Calliopsis - - - - - E. S. Johnson How to Have Success With Roses - L. J. Doogue Society Meetings and Exhibitions - -- -- - 128 More Novelties in the Balance - A. A. Fandoh 130 New Chrysanthemum Records ------- 133 102 104 108 no 112 114 116 118 120 120 124 126 SUBSCRIPTION: $1.50 a year [Single copies, 15 cts. F. N. DOUBLEDAY, President HERBERT S. HOUSTON, Vice-President LEONARD BARRON, Editor COPYRIGHT, I915, BY DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY Entered as second-class matter at Garden City, New York, under the Act ol Congress, March 3, 1879 S. A. EVERITT, Treasurer RUSSELL DOUBLEDAY, Secretary For Foreign Postage add 65c. For Canada add 35c. The“Heatherhome” Seed Book of 1915 “ Your seedbook has been such an inspiration and help to us with our gardening that I wish all amateurs had a copy to guide them. I am sure the world would be much more beautiful .” Hundreds of amateurs express themselves in similar terms after reading our book. The man who wrote this book knows not only flowers like few people do, but he also knows what the gardening public needs in the way of information. YOU ARE WELCOME TO A COPY if you simply address KNIGHT & STRUCK CO. Seedsmen Plantsmen One Madison Ave. New York City BOBBINK & ATKINS “World’s Choicest Nursery and Greenhouse Products” Grown in America Several years of constant thought and effort places us in a position to fill orders for all kinds of Nursery and Greenhouse Products forOutdoor Plant- ing and Interior Decorations, independent of European Importations . Among the many attractions growing in our 300 acres of highly cultivated Nursery are large quantities of the following specialties. ROSE PLANTS. Hybrid Tea, Perpetual and other varieties. RHODODENDRONS. English, Hardy Hybrids, Catawbiense and Maximum varieties. SHADE TREES, FLOWERING SHRUBS and JAPANESE MAPLES. HARDY OLD-FASHIONED PEREN- NIAL PLANTS. DWARF, TRAINED and ORDINARY FRUIT TREES, STRAWBERRY PLANTS and other small Fruits. BAY TREES, and large leaved decorative plants. DAHLIAS, and other Bulbs and Roots. EVERGREENS, CONIFERS, and PINES. Many acres of our Nursery are planted, with them. HARDY VINES AND CLIMBERS. BOXWOOD and other large leaved Ever- greens. JAPANESE FLOWERING CHERRY AND CRAB APPLE TREES. CALIFORNIA PRIVET, BERBERIS and other Hedge Plants. PEONIES, German and Japanese IRIS. PLANT TUBS. WINDOW BOXES. ENGLISH GARDEN FURNITURE, and RUSTIC WORK. LAWN GRASS SEED. Our Rutherford Park Lawn Mixture has given satisfaction everywhere. Our New Hybrid Giant Flowering Marshmallow Will Bloom Everywhere The above are described and priced in our Illustrated General Catalog No. 25, mailed upon request. VISITORS are made welcome to inspect our Products, which is very important before placing orders. “We Plan and Plant Grounds and Gardens Everywhere” Correspondence Invited Nurserymen, Florists and Planters Rutherford, New Jersey 73 74 T HE GARDEN MAGAZINE March, 19 15 MISS LINGARD PHLOX The Best Phloxes In several hundred Phloxes tested in our trial grounds we have found the following varieties to be among the very best. Except where noted we can furnish good strong plants at 15 cents each, $1.50 per dozen, $10.00 per 100. When selection of varieties is left entirely to us we will supply good plants in a good assortment at $1.00 per dozen, $7.00 per 100. Elizabeth Campbell. This is the best Phlox in- troduced in recent years, and is destined to become very popular. Very bright salmon - pink, with lighter shadings and dark red eye; very beautiful. 25 cents each, $2.50 per dozen. Rynstrom. A splendid improvement on Pan- theon; color not unlike that of Paul Neyron rose; fine for massing. A magnificent variety and one of the best of the new Phloxes. 25 cents each, $2.50 per dezen. Athis. Tall; best salmon. Beranger. Rosy white, suffused gray, very deli- cate shade; lovely. Champs Elysees. Fine, rich purplish crimson. Eclaireur. Bright purplish rose, light center; enormous flowers. Frau Antoine Buchner. The finest white yet introduced ; largest truss and individual flower. Dwarf. 25 cents each. Le Soleil Lovely soft rose -pink, with white center; a charming color; extra fine; 2 feet high. Mrs. Jenkins. White, immense panicles. Miss Lingard. The best Phlox in cultivation. It produces immense heads of beautiful white flowers in June and blooms again in September and October. Splendid foliage and habit, and free from attacks of red spider. Obergartner Wittig. Light rose, center lighter, red eye. Pearl. Pure white; very late. Paniculata. Rosy purple; fine for naturalizing in meadows. Peach Blossom. Delicate pink, with white mark- ings; lovely. Rosenberg. Bright reddish violet, with blood-red eye; individual flowers as large as a silver dollar. Siebold. Orange - scarlet; very brilliant; good habit; a great improvement on “Coquelicot” in every way. We have the largest, finest and most comprehensive stock of Hardy Plants in America, including three hundred varieties of the choicest Peonies, and also the largest collection of Japanese Iris in the world, and an unsurpassed collection of named Phloxes. Our illus- trated catalogue, describing these and hundreds of other Hardy Plants, Trees, Rhododen- drons, Azaleas and Shrubs will be sent on request. “A PLEA FOR HARDY PLANTS, ” by J. Wilkinson Elliott, contains much information about Hardy Gardens, with plans for their arrange- ment. We have made arrangements with the publishers of this book to furnish it to customers at a very low price. Particulars on request ELLIOTT NURSERY, 336 Fourth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Penna. You not only give protection, but add to the beauty of the bed by using Lawn and Flower Bed Guards They are a permanent flower-bed investment because you can use them for years. Excelsior Guards are galvanized so heavily that they do not rust. The silver color harmonizes with the flowers and enhances their beauty. A handsome lawn border as well as for flowers. To beautify your home and grounds you may need such other Excelsior Rust Proof products as Trellises, Trellis Arches, Tree Guards and BOOKS BY AYMAR EMBURY II Early American Churches A Book for every one interested in the early history of our country Practically every American church of the Colonial period that is of architectural interest or has historical associations is included in this volume. It gives many interesting sidelights on our early church his- tory and social life, as well as the architectural features of that period. “Of interest not only to the architect or churchman but also to the large number of American citizens who enjoy the study of their national history through familiarity with noteworthy places and buildings ” — N. Y. Sun. With 102 Illustrations of Famous American Churches. Net, $2.80 Country Houses by Aymar Embury II Selected by Henry H. Saylor “ Full of suggestions to the intending builder.” — Town & Country <1 No other architect in the country is more noted for his designs of moderate priced homes along Colonial and Dutch Colonial lines than Mr. Embury. It is almost possible to recognize an Embury house at first glance. <1 The present folio is a collection of plans and photo- graphs inside and out of Mr. Embury’s best work. The houses range in cost from $5,000 up. It is full of helpful ideas for any one intending to build in the country and an inspiration to all who appreciate refinement and beauty of design. Seventy -four Full Page Illustrations with Plans, etc. Net, $3.00 Garden City DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO. New York If you wish information about dogs apply to the Readers' Service The Carden Ma EVERYBOD Yon guard ! What you can do this month depends en- tirely on the weather; work at the first opportunity. SPRING WORK BEGINS but you must be ready to begin In the meantime, check over your plans, give one more last look through the catalogues and generally get ready for the rush of April. New York is taken generally as a standard in these directions; allow six days’ difference for each hundred miles of latitude. If the season is forward and the ground gets in workable shape, prepare the garden soil late this month, as a number of the more hardy vegetables can be sown early next month. Any changes contemplated in the gardens should be started at the earliest possible date. All plants wanted for new work or for replacing old plants should be ordered now, as it is twice the hardship on these plants if shipped a month later. If you are not ready for them when they arrive they can be temporarily heeled in. Rather take the time now to reset the perennials if there is any danger of their crowding, as they will soon spoil if left too close together. Most peren- nials do best if moved every fourth year, while the slower growing kinds need not be transplanted for six or seven years. Sow sweet peas out-of-doors just as soon as it is possible to work the ground. The more thoroughly prepared the soil the more beautiful the flowers will be, so dig in plenty of good rich manure and leaf mold. This is the time to cut pea brush (before the foliage gets on the shrubs). Also look over and repair tomato trellises, and get poles ready for lima beans. In fact, all the pre- liminary work should be attended to now, so that when good weather is at hand you can take full advantage of it. If you intend to have beds of rhubarb or horse radish order the roots now, as they start very early. If you haven’t any greenhouse or hotbed in which to start your vege- tables early, make arrangements to buy some early plants of cabbage, cauliflower, lettuce, as these can be set out next month. Where cutworms troubled the garden last year, order enough paper pots to protect the stems of such plants as they attack. The ground for potatoes can be made ready late this month. On light sandy soils manure is advisable as it is reten- tive of mois- t u r e ; on heavy soils commercial f e r t ilizers are better. How about potato scab? Has it p v p r Don’t omit to spray before growth starts. This is nothing but the soundest kind of garden insurance troubled Start cannas, etc., in frames now, first dividing the old roots to single eyes your potato crop? To prevent its appearance, soak the seeds in a solution of formaldehyde1, i pint to 30 gallons of water. This treatment should be given for the same reason that you buy life insurance. Why not try some corn in pots for early garden planting? Sown in the greenhouse now, this corn will be ready for eating four weeks before corn that was sown outdoors. Golden Bantam, or any of the early varieties, can be used for this purpose. Sow eight or ten seeds in a 6-inch or 7-inch pot; when large enough they can be thinned out to three plants. Each pot makes a hill when setting out. DAHLIAS should be placed in sand and the shoots re- moved as they start. These are stuck in a propagating bed and potted up. This is by far the best way to handle dahlias; it also gives you a chance to increase your best c. .. „ . varieties. Starting Roots, T, , , , , , , Tubers etc ^ you "aven t alrea-dy sown primula and ’ ’ cyclamen for next winter, do so at once. Cannas should now be started. Simply lay them on a bench and partially cover them with ashes or sand. They will soon start into growth, when they can be split up and potted. It is time to put in chrysanthemum cuttings. Always put in lots more than you need and make the cuttings just as short as you possibly can. Start propagating all bedding plants, such as geraniums, coleus, etc. Hydrangeas, climbing roses, bay trees, hibiscus, genistas, oleanders, acubia — in fact, all large specimen plants in pots or tubs — should be looked over. Do not let them get stunted for want of soil. If necessary they should be repotted; but removing a few inches of the soil and re- placing with a very rich heavy mixture will reduce the necessity of repotting so often. Start now to dry off the calla lilies. Do this very gradually. F YOU sowed any seeds last month in your green- house, make arrangements to transplant the young seed- lings when they are large enough to handle; if you allow them to crowd they will damp off. Seeds Sown Indoors Cut out the old canes from the berry patches. Fruit comes on the new ones only 76 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE March, 1915 The usual method of handling these spring seedlings is in flats where they are planted from two to three inches apart according to the kind. The plants that don’t like their roots disturbed can be handled in pots. For summer use you can sow now in the green- house: muskmelons, tomatoes, cucumber, begonia, gloxinia, aster, mimulus, sweet Sultan, heliotrope, lavatera, salpiglossis, celosia, scabiosa, and schizanthus; although most of these plants will grow in the open, a much higher quality is produced under glass. Muskmelons for planting out in the garden should be sown in 2-inch pots. Sowing of all the annuals for garden work, if not already made, should be attended to at once. If you haven’t any greenhouse for the sowing of seeds, you should at least have a hotbed. And how about a few coldframes for hardening off the young plants? Although not indispensable, they are very useful accessories and will be in constant use. The double glass sash conserves heat appreciably. Orchard and Fruit Garden LOOK over all fruit trees carefully for scale, and if you see any get after it quickly. If you do not spray you will not have any fruit. This applies to all fruit trees. There are no exceptions. Pruning of fruit trees should also be attended to this month. Prune quite vigorously all young trees just planted so as to promote heavy growth which forms the foundation of a tree capable of bearing. Older trees that have reached the fruiting stage will do with a slight thinning out toward the centre. With this class of tree, I prefer to leave the pruning until summer. Trees that fruit on year-old wood, as peaches or plums, will stand more spring pruning than trees that fruit on spurs, like the apple or pear. Cut back cane fruits and stake them up. The pruning in this case consists in shortening back the canes about one third; if they were not thinned last summer, do this work now. Cut out all weak, thin, scraggly shoots. Grapes should be pruned hard in fall, but if you neglected doing this last year attend to it now. Any grafting that is contemplated must be thought of at this time. Grafting is the quickest and most practical method of con- verting an old orchard into quality varieties. Take cions from desirable varieties and bury in sand outdoors, which will retard them to such an extent that when the buds burst on the trees to be grafted, they will be in the proper condition. Vegetable Garden IF POSSIBLE, plow the soil deeply, using a subsurface plow if possible, and break up the strata below that which the other plow reaches, at the same time turning under a liberal amount of good manure. Most gardens have so much ornamental planting, or are so cut up with walks, that hand digging must be resorted to and here again trouble will be caused by too shallow digging. Go down the depth of a spade, at least. Jerusalem artichoke is a very fine vegetable when properly pre- pared and I cannot see any reason why it should not be more popular. In fact, it is worth planting for its flowers alone. Artichoke cuttings should be ordered now, for planting next month. French globe artichoke, which was heavily protected last fall, should now be hardened off by gradually removing the covering. If you are intending to have a new asparagus bed from seed, it should be started just as soon as the ground can be worked. If the bed, however, is already established, it will need attention just as soon as the ground can be worked. If you mulched it last fall, this mulch should now be dug under; if it was not mulched last fall, provide good manure now for this purpose. When spading the bed, leave it flat if you want green asparagus; but if you prefer the white, bank up the earth on the row. After spading, give the bed a good application of salt. And do not be afraid to use plenty of it; asparagus loves salt. Vegetables sown last fall and protected over the winter had better have the covering partially removed late this month. Do not take it all off at one time. Flower Garden and Shrubbery back or burned off. DIG under the mulching on all the flower beds, in perennial borders, rose gardens and such places, and get the manure under as deep as possible to discourage surface rooting. The covering on bulbs and tender plants may be gradually reduced. It is far better not to take off all the protection at one time. Ornamental grasses should now be cut The latter is the better thing to do as it will not leave any stubble. Remove the protection from rhododendron, boxwood and other tender shrubs late this month. It is a good practice, if you have the time, to remove only half of this at one time. The mulching of all borders should be dug under to get it down just as deep as possible. When preparing the ground for new plantings or individuals, be sure to use plenty of manure. Do not let any come in actual con- tact with the roots, but have it trenched in so that the roots can readily get it. IF THE lawns were mulched during the winter, this covering should now be raked up in heaps, using an iron rake. This is a fine material for mixing with soil for seed sowing and such work W'hen moisture, without fertilizing qualities, is desired. Lawns Old ^ the ^awn was not mulched and you take any and New Pride in it, you should order some fertilizer for it. Bone meal and wood ashes in equal quantities is very good; if the lawn shows any tendency to sour, use a good coating of lime. If the lawn is small, rake it well with an iron rake; if large, go over it with a light smoothing harrow, before the fertilizer is applied. Then give it a good rolling writh the heaviest roller you can find. The rolling should be done after all danger from frost is past. See if you can’t make arrangements with some school boys to cut the dandelions out of your lawn. Be sure they get the roots. If there are any bare spots in the lawn, spade them up and add a fair proportion of manure. Sow grass seed in these places as soon as possible. Any new lawns that are to be made this season should be at- tended to whenever the ground can be worked. Use plenty of seeds when sowing, and in very dry locations, where it is hard to get a start, sprinkle a few oats through the seed. ANY extra large trees planted during the present season or last fall should have their trunks covered with straw. This keeps the bark from drying out too much. Maples are very subject to splitting, due to local conditions, such as location, character of the soil and environments. The result is that the Transplanted sap flows too early and is frozen in the bark, Large Trees causing it to split. Covering the trunks will prevent this; but if the bark shows any tendency to split, a good plan is to run a sharp knife down the north side of the tree, cutting through the bark, as the splitting always occurs on the south side of the tree, and the split on the north side attracts the sap to that side. Be sure to carefully look over all trees and shrubs for San Jose scale, as the only way to get rid of this pest is to be thorough. Spray everything that has the least signs of infection. Pruning is a very important work that must be attended to at this time. No hard and fast rule can be laid down as every sub- ject requires somewhat different treatment. All new plantings should be pruned very heavily, to offset the shock of transplanting and to give the plants a fresh start. ALL trees that require pruning can be attended to at this time except the maple, which should not be pruned until the buds burst. All deciduous shrubs can be pruned rather hard if you wish to promote a vigorous growth; this includes roses. Shrubberies that have been neglected for several seasons or more should have a very severe pruning. Cut back everything so as to give the plants a fresh start. All shrubs that flower on the terminal of the current season’s growth should be pruned severely. In this class are hydrangeas, Anthony Waterer spirea, baccharis, roses, etc. Pruning Shrubs No man can predict, absolutely, the public’s ultimate decision on a new introduction; yet undoubtedly there are some good points about each one, which may respond to particular 'conditions of soil, climate, locality and treatment. The purpose here is merely to take note of what is going on in the march of progress A GOOD many plant novelties are this season offered to both professional and amateur growers, and many of them, so far as observation goes, have merit sufficient to bring them into what may be termed the popular class. Without a close study of type and origin, some, no doubt, are likely to escape general attention, although possessing character istics most marked. Nowadays, the introduction of a new species is a rather rare occurrence (excepting, of course, from the Chinese flora) but new varieties of a type are constantly making an appearance, due almost wholly to the efforts being made by plant breeders and hybridizers to improve upon existing varieties. Most of the novelties of this season are improved forms of existing varieties, and it remains to be seen whether they will supersede their progenitors altogether, as far as demand is concerned, or merely supplement them. All the roses here named will be seen at the several spring shows this season (New York and Boston in particular). It is among roses, perhaps, that we find most novelty, and in the offerings are to be found some meritorious American productions. At the head of the list should be placed the red Hybrid Tea rose, Francis Scott Key, which is remarkable both for size and form, but, sad to say, lacks an important essential in a rose — fragrance. In spite of this drawback, it is attracting the attention of rose growers all over the country as a decorative rose, and will undoubtedly be widely grown this year. It is an excellent forcer and easy grower, and as an exhibition rose will, undoubtedly, carry off many blue rib- bons at our shows this spring, and bids fair to succeed well outdoors. It is a seedling from the old Cardinal, crossed with an unnamed red seedling. Ophelia is another grand new rose, good either for the garden or greenhouse. It is classed as a salmon flesh centre, shaded light yellow at base of petals; the bud is yellow before opening. It is a Hybrid Tea, raised in England, and has been tried thoroughly outdoors in sections in the United States where the thermometer in winter seldom falls below zero and the summer temper- ature rarely exceeds 95 degrees and proved highly desirable. It is not subject to ordinary diseases, is vigorous ingrowth, blooms generously in spring and autumn and fairly well in the heat of summer, fine flowers with practically no disbudding. Polypodium Mandaianum. A new fern for conservatory use and decorative work. Winner of the first gold medal at the National Flower Show, Chicago (W. A. Manda) Miltonia St. Andre, a new hybrid introduced by the Julius RoehrsCo. Parentage: Bleuana and Roezli Lady Anne Borrodell is a soft blush cream sport from the Hhybrid Tea rose My Maryland, poss- essing all the characteristics of the parent. It is splendid for either garden or greenhouse, and per- fectly hardy. Where exhibition flowers are de- sired it is necessary to disbud. Prince E. C. d’Arenberg is a true red rose which should score well at the current exhibitions. It is a good forcing rose, but it remains to be seen what it will do outdoors. The foliage is not inclined to mildew or spot, and is handsome and sub- stantial. A vase of the blooms seen under arti- ficial light is something to remember. The well-known rose Mrs. Geo. Shawyer has given us two fine sports — Mrs. F. F. Thompson, a shell pink, and White Shawyer. These have all the good qualities of the parent, and should prove welcome additions to both forcing and outdoor varieties. Killamey Queen is an improved variety of the popular Killamey, and is superior both in green- house and outdoor use. The growth is stronger, the foliage larger and deeper in color. The color of the flower is a bright cerise pink shading to a lighter pink at the base of the petals. The buds are pointed and long, and the open flower large and handsome. Mme. Edmond Rostand is an excellent green- house rose, and does fairly well outdoors, al- though not a very free bloomer in summer and autumn. It is a Hybrid Tea and in ordinary winters quite hardy. The bloom is pale flesh shaded with salmon, and reddish orange yellow in the centre. The foliage is crinkled, rendering it very pleasing. A fine dark crimson rose is Crimson Queen, which has just been tried out under glass, prov- ing very desirable. The flower is large and stoutly built, handsome in form, and the petals have a velvety texture and high sheen. The fragrance is delightful. It is not known how the variety behaves outdoors, but the foliage is tough and glaucous and the growth vigorous, which would make it worthy of trial. A light pink sport of Prima Donna, originating on the Pacific Coast, is offered this year for the first time under the objectionable name of September Morn. It is the sweetest in point of fragrance, many claim, of any Hybrid Tea grown. Its growth is free and the best flowers are pro- duced on fairly long stems. The bud is rather short, the outer petals fimbriated, creating a pleasing appearance. It is a strong claimant for popularity. Mrs. Morefield Storey is a new rose of Ameri- Average type of French Hybrid Hy- drangeas, which are notable for the large size of the individual florets. A number of varieties are now offered (E. Mouilliere) Begonia Mrs. J. A. Peterson. A red variety of the Gloire de Lorraine type which is likely to become a good Christmas plant (J. A. Peterson & Sons) Gladiolus Primulinus Hybrids. A new race flowering in all shades between yellow and crimson. Splendid for decora- tive work (Grown by J. Lewis Childs) Snapdragon Phelps’ White. One of the newer varieties of antirrhinum, suitable for both greenhouse use and bedding pur- poses (A. N. Pierson, Inc.) 78 THE GARDE N M A G A / I N E March, 1915 H. T. Rose September Morn. —A sport from Prima Donna, of Pacific coast origin. Color, light pink. Said to be sweetest Rose grown (Turner) H. T. Rose Crimson Queen. — Dark velvety crimson, flower large, handsome in form and delightfully flagrant (Waban Rose Conserva- tories) H. T. Rose Lady Alice Stan- ley— Color, deep, clear rose, pale flesh inside of bloom. An excel- lent garden rose, and now being adopted as a good forcer H. T. Rose William Cooper. (Dickson.) Deep lake-red; large, with high pointed centre. Win- ner of the N. R. S. (Eng.) Gold Medal. C. H. Totty, introducer) H. T. Rose Killarney Queen. — Improvement on Killarney; stronger growth, carrying larger and deeper colored foliage and flowers. (A. N. Pierson, Inc.) can origin which has proved a splendid variety for greenhouse use. The flowers are of good size and substance, color shell pink, deepening toward the centre, petals tipped deep rose. The foliage is dark green, and the flower stems carry very few thorns. In carnations there is not so much new. The very high standard required now by the American Carnation Society, without whose en- dorsement it would be sheer folly to exploit a new variety, has eliminated the foisting of un- worthy novelties, notwithstanding the fact that hundreds of seedlings are tried out for one to three years in various parts of the country. At the recent exhibition of the American Car- nation Society in Buffalo there were but few new varieties qualifying for awards, and of these the following should be mentioned: Laura Weber, a beautiful light salmon pink of good size, flowers carried on long, stout stems. This carnation qualified as a candidate for the Dorner Memorial Medal, the highest award in the gift of the American Carnation Society, the conditions covering which require the exhibition of varieties two years in succession, the first year for preliminary pointing, the second for competition. In the preliminary trial all varie- ties are discarded which do not score 85 points out of a possible 100. Miss Theo is a new dark pink of medium size. The flower heads are mounted on stiff stems, and the variety has all the earmarks of a good com- mercial variety. It has been awarded the certifi- cate of merit of the American Carnation Society. Another variety to be awarded the coveted certificate is Morning Glow, a silver-pink variety. The flowers are not large, but very fragrant, and dainty in their coloring. The edges of the petals are almost white, gradually deepening in color until the centre of a flower is a deep shell pink. It is a variety everyone would like to grow. Cottage Maid is a blush pink sport from the unexcelled Mrs. C. W. Ward, which has won higher honors than any carnation introduced in America. Possessing all the characteristics of the parent, this carnation has a splendid future. Princess Dagmar is a magnificent crimson which is under dissemination, and it is a fine variety both for the amateur and commercial grower. Its originator was awarded the prize for the largest carnations in the last National Flower Show, winning it with the Princess. On the exhibition table it cannot be beaten by any- thing yet produced in its color. Mrs. C. Edward Akehurst is a clear rose- pink carnation raised in Maryland. The flowers are well formed and of large size, averaging three and a half inches in diameter. The petals are broad and deeply fringed, and the fragrant flower heads are carried on long, stiff stems. The variety has splendid keeping qualities and is easy to grow, qualities which should appeal to amateur growers. Matchless, the new white which is under dis- semination, has the distinction of having won the Dorner Memorial gold medal and the gold medal of the American Carnation Society. At the Janu- ary exhibition of the Society it won the sweep- H. T. Rose Francis Scott Key. — An American rose remarkable for its size, form, and solidity. A fine exhibition varietywhich also bids fair to succeed well outdoors. Color, rose red. (John Cook) H. T. Rose Mrs. Morefield Storey. Color shell pink, deepening toward the centre, petals tipped deep rose. Splendid for greenhouse use (Montgomery Rose Co.) H. T. Rose Willowmere — Shrimp- pink toning to carmine pink toward the edges of petals. Buds coral-red. Improve- ment on the Lyon Rose (Pernet-Ducher) H. T. Rose Ophelia — For greenhouse and garden. Color, salmon-flesh centre, shaded light yellow at base of petals. Bud yellow before opening (Wm. Paul & Son) H. T. Rose Lady Anne Borrodell — A sport from My Maryland, and, seemingly, possessing all its good qualities. Color, soft blush-cream. (S. J. Reuter & Son) March, 1 J 1 .5 THE GARDEN MAGAZIN E 70 Carnation Miss Theo — Dark pink medium sized flowers on good, stiff stems. Awarded a certificate of merit by the A. C. S. (Littlefield & Wyman) Carnation Morning Glow — A beautiful sil- ver pink variety, delightfully fragrant. Awarded certificate of merit by the A. C. S. (Edw. Wink- ler) Carnation Cottage Maid — A blush- pink sport of carnation Mrs. C. W. Ward, and possessing all the qualities of the pa- rent (Cottage Gardens Co.) Carnation Matchless — A glistening white. Awarded the Dorner Memorial medal and the gold medal of the S. A. F. Fine for private use (Cottage GardensCo.) Carnation Mrs. C. Edw ard Akehurst — A clear rose- pink. An easy grower well suited for amateurs (C. Ed- ward Akehurst) Carnation Laura Weber — Light salmon-pink. An ac- cepted candidate for the Dorner Memorial Medal of the A. C. S. (Chas. Weber) Dendrobium Schuitzii — An orchid from the Philippines bearing pure white flowers of the D. phalaenopsis type. Now flowering in America for the first time (Lager & Hurrell) stakes cup in the class for the best too flowers in the exhibition. It is a sparkling white of large size, an easy grower, and a constant cropper. It is a highly desirable variety for private growers. Champion (see color illustration on cover) is the new scarlet which seeks to displace the popular Beacon. It is a flower of moderate size, with the color a half shade or so deeper than that of Beacon. It is an easy grower and a free bloomer; the amateur would probably do better with it than with Beacon. Philadelphia is a rich pink (also shown in color on the cover) which is meeting a good reception at the hands of commercial growers. Its main claim to notice is its color, which is grand under artificial light. As a grower it runs a little too much to “grass” to suit the specialists. New Winter-Blooming Water-Lilies — Raised from N. Daubigniana. Panama-Pacific on right; Mrs. Woodrow Wilson on left. Both have shades of violet blue and mark an interesting break in type (W. Tricker) Begonia Mrs. J. A. Peterson is a welcome ad- dition to the flowering begonias for Christmas use. It resembles in form the well-known Begonia Gloire de Lorraine, but the flowers are a trifle smaller and of the red color so much in demand at Christmas. Snapdragon Phelps’ White is a welcome ad- dition to the new types of snapdragon (Antirrhinum) which have become popular of late, and which have been confined to pink colors. The flowers set closely along the stem, and the plants make a some- what dwarfed growth, making the variety as well adapted to bedding as to greenhouse use. Rose Ellen Poulsen is a fair representative of the newer type of Polyantha roses used for bedding purposes. (For other notes see page 130). H. T. Rose Prince E. G. d’Arenberg — A true red rose, Polyantha Rose Ellen Poulsen — A good pink repre- H. T. Rose Mme. Edmond Rostand — Color, pale flesh not inclined to mildew or spot. A splendid forcer, and sentation of the newer types of Polyantha roses very suit- shaded with salmon, reddish orange centre. Good for both worth a trial in the garden able for bedding purposes greenhouse and garden Growing Best Quality Vegetables on a Time Table By Adolph Kruhm, Ohio APPLYING THE PEDIGREED STRAIN IDEA TO THE HOME GARDEN AND WORKING WITH AN EXACT UNDERSTANDING OF THE TIME OF YIELD— A GUARANTEED LIST FROM ACTUAL EXPERIENCE Little Marvel pea. Certainly a marvel in earliness, pro- ductiveness, quality, and appearance New Giant Podded pole lima. Note the size of the pods and the grains correspond IT IS one of my hobbies to look for exact results from my vegetable gar- den and that means a very close study of the varieties that I shall plant to suit my purpose. People generally are reluctant to consider the term “pedi- greed” aside from anything but animals. A pedigreed animal is supposed to have certain qualities or characteristics inherited from its parents. Applied to a garden I ask you now to consider the term in the light of “what we have a right to expect” from any garden on account of what we actually know about the parents of that garden — the seeds. Seeds are factors with very decided tendencies and characteristics — but par- ticularly tendencies. It is fortunate that in the case of nearly all our most important vegetables, we can judge the tendencies of the race once a year, in a few instances twice a year. This helps us in the “sifting down” process and consequent progress of the best of the race. If careful records are kept, it proves comparatively easy to separate the chaff from the good — to become acquainted with the pedigrees of the veg- etables which, in turn, will enable the gardener to make positive statements. At the risk of displeasing half the people who read tins, I offer, in the following table, a list of varieties which I con- sider the “best blood” in the vegetable world to-day. This list is not intended to be arbi- trary. No doubt there are others that are “just as good.” But 1 am ready to vouch for the pedigree of these sorts, because in experiments ex- tending over practically six years, they have stood every test. Hot or cold weather, wet or dry season, poor or rich land, thorough or indifferent cultivation — these sorts have always done as their inherited qualities gave me a right to expect. In two respects, this list is unassailable: In quality of product and dependability of yield in due time. Quality should, in my opinion, be the first requisite in the home garden. Extra Early Round Podded Red Valentine bean is easily four to five days earlier than Bountiful. Under favor- Crosby's Egyptian beet, to be sown April 15 I mm jS-tiCrrV -’iC-ftfc.' Golden Bantam, the sweetest early sweet com growing able conditions it matures in 45 to 50 days. But — the pods are small, full of fibre, get tough quickly and are very stringy. Six days later you get Bountiful beans, twice as long, entirely stringless, brittle, fleshy — a hundred point bean in every respect. Isn’t it wiser to wait the six extra days for Bountiful than to have your wife “call you down” on account of the “million strings” on a quart of Valentine pods? The second factor — that of dependa- bility of yield in due time — deserves far more attention on the part of our home gardeners than it receives at present. Many industrious suburbanites will get busy next month and convert a lot of “bottled-up” enthusiasm into a backyard garden. For a whole month, they will dig and rake and sow and hoe. Mother earth will respond readily and convert a dreary spot into a bountiful garden that will bear its choicest products when the owner and his family are at the seashore. No other single factor that I know tends to discourage gardeners as much as when they have to see the well- deserved fruits of their efforts go to waste or in strange pots. The solution of this problem is found in a little planning. Planning is needed to give you what you want when you want it. For this reason the follow- ing table contains dates, not figures. If you want Burpee’s Kidney Wax beans on July 1st, sow the seeds on May 9th. All the vegetables on this list are far more dependable than some human beings. They are always on time. The dates given are the results of years of observation and I On the left. Burpee’s Kidney Wax; on the right Bountiful bean March, 1915 THE GARDEN M A G A Z I N E 81 Livingston’s Globe tomato, grown almost exclusively in the South Prizetaker, a "thoroughbred” American May King, the finest early outdoor lettuce. Sow April 10 for for winter shipment. Does well anywhere onion. Sow on April 10 use on May 30 have not known them to vary to any great extent in all sections of the country pre- senting the same climatic condition as Central Ohio. The quantities of seeds suggested in the first column of the Time Table are sufficient for a season’s requirements in connection with a garden of 30 x 60 ft. This offers no room, however, for pole beans and the two late varieties of corn. To grow these, an extra space, say 20 x 30 ft., is required. Under careful management and by employ- ing intensive methods of cultiva t ion , a garden of the smaller size, 30 x 60 ft., planted to the “pedigreed” vegetables mentioned, will provide all the fresh vegetables a family of five can eat between June first and frost. TIME TABLE OF PEDIGREED VEGETABLES FOR A FAMILY OF FIVE VARIETY Beans Green podded Bountiful Fordhook Favorite . Stringless Refugee Wax podded Burpee’s Kidney Wax . Burpee’s Brittle Wax Sure Crop Wax . Bush Limas Fordhook . Burpee’s Improved . Pole Beans Lazy Wife . Burger’s Stringless . Golden Cluster Wax Pole Limas Leviathan .... King of Garden Beets Eclipse Crosby’s Egyptian . Detroit Dark Red . Edmand’s Blood Cabbage Early Jersey Wakefield Copenhagen Market Allhead Early .... All Seasons Premium Flat Dutch . Corn, Sweet Peep O’Day .... Golden Bantam. Kendel’s Giant . . . . Country Gentleman Lettuce Black Seeded Simpson. May King California Cream Butter . All Season Iceberg Onions White Portugal Southport White Globe . Yellow Globe Danvers Red Wethersfield Prizetaker Peas Pedigree Extra Early . . Little Marvel .... Thos. Laxton .... Alderman Potlach Radishes Rapid Red French Breakfast . White Icicle .... Cincinnati Market . Chartiers White Chinese .... Tomatoes (Red) Spark’s Earliana Chalk’s Jewel Stone (best for canning) Purple June Pink . . . . Globe (fine for slicing) . Trucker’s Favorite . QUANTITY OF SEEDS TO BUY DATE TO sow DEPTH TO sow (inches) DISTANCE TO TRANS- PLANT (inches) READY FOR USE SUCCESSION SOWINGS TOTAL SPACE OCCUPIED Average yield: 10 qts. for eve ry 30 ft. row 1 pt. April 24 2 4 June 20 May 10, June i 90 ft. row 1 Pt. April 24 2 4 June 25 May 10, June 1 90 ft. row 5 pt. April 24 2 6 July 10 June 15 60 ft. row Average yield: 10 qts. for eve ry 30 ft. row 1 pt. May 1 2 4 June 26 May 15, (une i 90 ft. row 1 pt. May 1 2 4 June 30 May 15, June 1 90 ft. row i pt. May x 2 4 July 4 June 20 60 ft. row 5 pt. May 15 2 6 July is June 1 J 20 ft. row at 5 Pt. May 15 2 6 August 1 June 1 1 each planting pkt. May 15 2 August 1 10 hills ) pkt. May 15 2 July 25 10 hills > pkt. May 15 2 August 1 10 hills J pkt. May 30 2 \ 3 plants / August 1 10 hills \ pkt. May 30 2 1 to hill \ August 10 10 hills / | oz. April 15 1 2-3 June 10 q I oz. April 15 h 2-3 June 12 May 1, May 15 15 ft. row at (, I oz. April is % 3 June 15 June 1, Juiy i each planting ( i oz. April 15 j 3 June 20 j 12 plants April 30 12 June 15 q 24 plants April 30 24 June 18 12 plants for ( 24 plants April 30 18 July 1 every 15 ft. of V 12 plants May 15 24 August 15 row ( 24 plants June 1 24 September 1 J 1 pkt. May 15 1 pt. May 15 2 12 July 10 June 1, 15, July I 120 ft. row h pt- May 15 2 12 July 20 30 ft. row r i pt. May 15 2 12 August 5 30 ft. row J pkt. April 10 1 10 May 25 April 20 30 ft. row | % oz. April 10 \ 10 May 30 April 20, Sept, i 45 ft. row >■ pkt. April 10 I 12 June 5 April 20 30 ft. row ) \ oz. April 10 £ 12 June 10 May 1, May 15 45 ft. row | 2 oz. April 10 1 12 June 15 June 1, June 15 45 ft. row f 1 pkt. April 10 1 2 July is q 1 pkt. April 10 i 3 July 25 15 ft. of row f pkt. April 10 i July 3° each sort; 75 > pkt. April 10 4 August 15 ft. in all l pkt. April 10 A 2 4 August is J \ Pt- April 15 2 1 June s 30 ft. row 'l I pt. May 1 2 •I June 20 May 15, July 10 90 ft. row 1 pt. May 1 3 I June 24 30 ft. row 1 \ Pt- May 15 3 I July 15 30 ft. row | 2 pt. May 15 3 1 July 20 30 ft. row j h oz. April 15 i 1 May 5 April 21, 30 45 ft. row 5 oz. April 15 i 1 May 8 April 21, 30 45 ft. row I oz. April 15 h 2 May 12 April 30, May 10 45 ft. row I oz. April 15 2 3 May 20 May 10, May 20 45 ft. row £ oz. May 1 1 3 June 15 June 1 30 ft. row pkt. June s 5 4 October 1 15 ft. row 12 plants May 25 30 July 1 > 24 plants May 25 30 July 10 24 plants May 25 30 July 25 apart each l 12 plants May 25 30 July 1 way, tied to ( 24 plants May 25 30 July 6 stakes j 12 plants May 25 30 July 25 j REMARKS 30 ft. row planted 3 times. 30 ft. rovv planted 3 times. 30 ft. twice. For fall use. Plant 30 ft. of row on each date. For fall use. 20 ft. row. Yield, 3 qts. shelled beans in 2 pickings. Don’t plant in small garden. Don’t plant in small garden. Press soil firmly over seeds. Use quickly. Use secondly. Keeps well. Resists hot weather. Best late. Sow 30 ft. of row each plant- ing date. Plant 15 ft. at each date for spring or midsummer crop. Stand hot weather best. Set out 30 ft. of row of yellow and white sets on April 10 for green onions. July planting for fall crop. Tall sorts. Support with brush or twine. Spring sorts. Spring sorts. Spring sorts. Spring sorts. Summer variety. Winter variety. 108 plants in all. Prune to 3 strongest branches; remove all suckers. By Archibald Rutledge, llZsyU The Lure of the Strawberry PRACTICAL EXPERIENCES IN GROWING THE QUEEN OF SMALL FRUITS FOR PLEASURE AND FOR PROFIT SINCE the prac- tical gardener is glad to gain knowledge from his friends’ experiences as well as his own, I here recount in a simple way my own experi- ences and some of my neighbors’ in growing several kinds of strawberries in a variety of ways. The plants may be set either in the spring or in the late summer. As a general rule, plants set in the early spring gave better re- sults than those which had to run the dangerous gauntlet of an August or Septem- ber drought. However, from an old bed, plants may be caught in pots that will be ready to set in July; and if the space is then available, it is well to get them started at once. I have had great success with starting strawberries between rows of sweet corn. The shade permitted the plants to get a stout growth before the cornstalks were removed. The quantity of the yield, and to some extent the quality will in some degree de- pend on the kind of a start that the plants get, and therefore on the time of planting. There are numerous ways of setting strawberry plants, and each has its ad- vantages. The single-plant, hill system produces the largest number of fancy berries to the plant. This method encourages an immense root-and-crown system, and in- sures berries of splendid size and regular shape. No runners are permitted to set, and all the plant’s development and strength go into making one huge, fruit-producing hill. 1 have found that rows three feet apart, with plants two feet apart in the row, will give the best results. The twin hedgerow is not unlike the hill system. Two rows are made about sixteen inches apart; then a space of thirty inches tr dps on each side is followed by two more rows sixteen inches apart. Runners are allowed to set in the narrower space, while the alleys are kept clean. Probably the most popular method, and perhaps the most serviceable one, especially for the gardener with but a limited space for the purpose, is the single hedgerow; the rows three feet apart, and the plants two feet apart in the row. Two runner plants are permitted to mature from each parent, and are layered in line with the row, one on either side of the mother plant. When the runners are layered, the plants will stand about six inches apart, and their development will form a continuous row. There is still another method — the narrow matted row — but this produces berries of inferior size. A few years ago I tried an interesting experiment with wild strawberries. Early in April I dug ioo plants from a little road- side colony, leaving a great deal of earth on the roots. I set them in my garden, fertilizing them with nothing but woods- earth, which I spread liberally on the bed. My idea was that a natural fertilizer would develop their size yet permit them to retain their delicious wild flavor. That year there was a fair yield of genuinely wild berries. During the summer I kept them clean and cultivated them, but used no fertilizer except the leafmold. The following spring, the plants, which had increased many times in size, being almost as large as some tame varieties, were literally loaded with berries twice and three times the size of wild berries, yet which retained that inimitable fragrance and flavor. The crop was far more prolific than any tame crop I had ever seen. A large market grower near Clear Spring, Md., has begun the market plant- ing of wild berries; he finds a ready sale for his fruit. No man with common-sense will attempt to advise his fellow gardeners as to the kinds of strawberries that it is best to plant; for each man has a passion for certain favorites. Many growers swear by the old-timers, such as William Belt, Sample, Sharpless, Warfield, or Gandy; others pre- fer something new, declaring that no variety can be better than the Fendall, the Helen Davis, the Virginia, the Longfellow, or whatever other name the berry may de- light in. No strawberry should be grown (except as an experiment) unless it has been thor- oughly tested; and the grower should be certain that the plants he buys are true to name. It is always wise to get the best by paying a little more. Deal only with reliable firms. Last spring I saw a wretched “bargain” shipment of 10,000 strawberry plants. They had not been properly packed; the roots were brittle dry; many of the plants had fruit stems on them, while others had broken crowns. The purchaser set them; but a dry spell came on, and he lost the whole consignment. Some berries, such as the Lady Thompson and the Heflin’s Early, are wonders in the South; but I have been able to get the first to grow only indifferently here in Pennsylvania, and the second not at all. The locality, therefore, has a great deal to do with the variety which it is best to plant. Among the best early varieties suitable to the Middle Atlantic States are Excelsior, August, Luther, Climax, and Warfield; among the mediums, Glen Mary, William Belt, Bubach, and Senator Dunlap; and among the lates, Aroma, Marshall, Sample, Gandy, and Stephens’ Late Champion. In southern Pennsylvania, I have found, after testing a considerable number, that the Climax, Marshall, Sample, and Gandy give the best all-round results. The best fertilizers for berries are rich in nitrates: among such are bone meal, wood ashes, and chicken manure. Nitrate of soda, applied early in the spring as a light top dressing, will wonder- fully rejuvenate an old bed. The average strawberry patch “goes to grass” after the crop has been gathered; runners are per- mitted to set indiscriminately, weeds and grass choke the plants. It will not do at all to permit the bed to lie thus for two or three months, imagining that it can sud- denly, by a vigorous cleaning, be brought back to its normal state of health and vigor. After the berries have been harvested, the bed should be mowed off clean, and the straw and leaves re- moved and burned. There is a delight and a satisfaction in growing this queen of the small fruits that few other similar garden operations can afford. The work is clean and exact, the plants are beautiful and easily responsive to attention, and the berries are quite the finest that Nature has given. To quote an old writer, ‘God might have made a finer berry, but He never did.” the best way to grow strawberries is to put the plants two feet apart in rows three feet apart. This bed is three months old 82 Con- necticut About Seed-drills and Wheel-hoes— bv f. f. Rockwell, WHAT UP-TO-DATE TOOLS MEAN IN INCREASED GARDEN EFFI- CIENCY-SUGGESTIONS ABOUT THEIR SELECTION, USE, AND CARE THE returns from garden operations are not determined by the size of the garden; but rather bv the amount of work done in it. Even a very small garden, managed so as to produce the maximum of which it is capable, will show astonishing results. High-pressure gardening of this kind, how- ever, necessitates more time — and time is just the thing on which the average home gardener is short. Usually he is limited to a definite period each day, and as there is no known method of stretching time, the only solution to the problem is to use tools which will increase the amount of work which can be done in a given time. The money you spend for a good tool is really only the buying of extra time for work in your garden. Even in a small garden a combination seed-drill and wheel-hoe will pay for itself handsomely. A combined seed-drill and single wheel-hoe, with plow, hoes, culti- vator teeth, rakes, guards, and marker, can be bought for ten or eleven dollars. That may seem at first glance like a lot to spend on a single tool for a small garden; but such a machine will last ten years or longer; the first seed-drill I ever owned had been in use ten years when I got it, and after using it three years myself I sold it for three dollars, and the last I knew it was still doing good work. Although this is “one implement” here are the things it will do: open a furrow; drop seed of any kind, at any depth desired, in a continuous row or in hills; cover the seed with fresh soil; roll the soil, leaving a neat, narrow, plainly marked row; and mark out the next row — all in going once over the ground and as fast as you would usually walk. Think of the amount of time wasted in doing this same work by half a dozen laborious hand operations, and then not nearly as well! By changing the tool to a wheel-hoe, it will hoe the ground between the rows, working close up to them and killing all small weeds; or cul (*^ tivate it, breaking up the crust if one has formed, and leaving the x soil loose and fine; or rake it, creating a dustmulch on the surface to conserve soil moisture; or plow shallow furrows, in which to put fertilizer or manure, or large seeds; and hill such things as are benefited by having the soil thrown up toward them during their growth. All of these things done more quickly, and in most cases better, than they could be done by hand. The double wheel-hoes cost two or three dollars more than the single wheel type, and have several advantages, particularly in working crops during the earlier stages of growth; and personally I would always spend the small amount additional re- quired to get this type. The double wheel machine can be used as a single wheel when desired. I never yet met a gardener, large or small, who regretted the money he had spent on a good double wheel-hoe. In selecting implements of this kind, there are a number of things to be borne in mind. I have used at various times five different types of seed-drills, and some eight or ten of wheel-hoes, and I have never yet found any one of either which was best in every respect. The kind of work to be done and the condition of the soil, make a differ- ence; and the personal factor must also be taken into consideration, as I have often found that two men working side by side will prefer different types of tools for doing the same work. Of the things to think of in buying any tool, however, first in im- portance is the material and the way in which the parts are finished up. A ma- chine that is poorly made and roughly finished will not only wear out sooner, but will not do equally satisfactory work while it does last. Another requirement is that the changes may be made quickly and easily. One of the great advantages of an implement of this kind is its great adapta- bility, and a machine that will rust or get stuck, and be such a nusiance to change that you are apt to leave it in one form from the beginning to the end of the season, will be a poor investment. There will be work for each different attachment, and it is highly important that all changes can be made with ease and dispatch. The machine should be easy to work. The type you will find preferable will de- pend to a large extent upon the character of your soil. Some people prefer the high- wheel type, and others the low. In light, soft soil, where the wheels are likely to sink in, the higher wheels work easier. On the other hand, in rough or stony soil, it is more difficult to work very close to small plants without cutting into the row. Hav- ing both types of machines on hand, I use either one or the other according to the work to be done; but if I had to select a single machine, which is ample for a small garden, my choice would largely depend on the character of the soil. A third type has a frame that fits against the body to make one’s weight available in pushing it, but except for plowing, or use in very heavy clay soil, this is of negative advantage, as it adds to the weight and interferes with the backward and forward stroke of the machine which is used in most kinds of work. NX — — ^ — : ; With the cultivator teeth and the vine-lifters the double- wheel hoe rapidly breaks up the crust without injury to young plants Above all things, have a proper place for your tools While in the use of the wheel-hoe, as in other arts, practice only can make perfect, there are a few suggestions which can be given which will help the beginner to become proficient. First of all, find a place to keep the machine and all its attachments where it is perfectly dry, and safe from promiscuous borrowers. Keep the axles and working parts of the seed-drill well supplied with oil, and occasionally put a few drops of kerosene on the bolt and nut threads to keep them bright and working easily. Take pains to select the attach- ments best suited to the particular job you are going to do. Take time, after you have the right attachment, to get it adjusted just right: this is of the greatest importance and many people are not careful in this respect. Unless the ground is so wet that it should not be worked, or you have allowed the weeds to grow so big that they clog things up, you may be pretty sure that it is your fault, and not the machine’s, if it does not do satisfactory work. In learning to use the machine, train yourself as soon as possible to keep your eye on the wheels rather than on the hoes or cultivator teeth that follow them. At first you will find yourself inclined to do just the opposite, with the result that while you are watching the blades, the wheels will veer off to the right or the left, and you will cut into the row. If you hold the wheels steady, the rest of the machine has got to follow. Do not push the machine along steadily, but work it in long, steady strokes, drawing it back a few inches each time. A number of the attachments mentioned in the following paragraphs are to be had as “extras,” or in some cases, in place of the 815 84 T H E G A II D E N M A G A Z I N E March, 1915 regular equipment. For any one who already has a wheel-hoe, their cost is so little that they may be readily afforded. Perhaps the most important of all of these are the hoes with extra high “standards” or guards. I emphatically recommend the purchase of a pair of these in addition to the regular equipment. Plowing. — Generally, except in cases where the ground is already in good con- dition from previous planting, more satis- factory work can be done with the spade or spading fork, than with any hand-plow I have ever tried or seen. The same is true of hand raking of the seed bed, to level and prepare it for the drill. The hand wheel- plow, however, is often useful in loosening up ground that has already been plowed or spaded, and has lain for some- time before you are ready to plant it, or in plowing small furrows for putting in manure, or in which to plant peas or beans or corn with the drill. Seed - sowing. — Have the ground made as smooth and fine as it is possible to make it with an iron rake, and always freshly prepared. If anything happens to prevent your planting as soon as the ground is ready, go over it again just before you do plant. Set the drill as carefully as you can for the seed you are going to plant, and then test it on a board or a smooth floor to see how it will work. It will drop the seed usually a little thicker on such a surface than in the garden. Watch the seed care- fully, at least at the end of each row, to see that it is running out all right. A small lump of dirt in the bottom of the seed spout or a bit of trash caught on the opening plow, may catch the seed and carry it along for some distance and then drop it in a bunch, even when it is fall- ing from the hopper all right. Keep the rear roller wheel clean. If the soil is a little moist, and tends to stick to it, an occasional tap with the wrench — which should always be carried along in one’s pocket — will dis- lodge it. Mark the first row out just as straight as you can get it with your garden line or a piece of string, and don’t be too lazy to make a new straight line as often as the rows may begin to get a little crooked. This is important not only for looks: every crooked row means additional work every time you work it throughout the whole summer. Cultivation. — Cultivation should be begun before the plants get above ground. Where the planting has been done with a wheel-hoe this is possible because the rows are dis- tinctly marked. There are two ways of getting the best of any weeds that may start ahead of the seeds you have planted. First is to go over the whole surface of the garden, “Attachments.” From left to right: Onion or fender hoe; regular type; new style cultivator tooth with wide bottom cultivator teeth to work close up to row and old style also shown very lightly, with the weeder attachment, or the rakes. The best time for this is just after the seed has sprouted in the ground, and before the sprouts have got up too near the surface. Millions of little weeds will have germinated and be above the soil, but so small you can hardly see them until they begin to collect, like tiny pink and white threads, on the tips of the weeder fingers; then you will realize how many hours of work later in the season you are saving yourself. The other way is to use the disk attachment with a double wheel- hoe. With the disks carefully adjusted, and with the outside ones of each gang of three removed if the rows are closer than fourteen inches apart, you can shave right up to the row without throwing any dirt over it, nicely “discing” the ground be- tween the rows, destroying the young weeds and breaking up the crust. When using the discs, push the machine along steadily, without any thrusting movement. The slight ridges left will be leveled down by the next cultivation, working the soil over thoroughly. The first cultivation after the plants are up — and it should be given just as soon as they are up enough to mark the rows — should be given with the hoes with extra high standards or guards already mentioned. They permit very close and rapid work without throwing The weeder attachment may be used for raking lightly over the soil before the plants come up any soil on the plants, which is impossible with the regular hoes. Immediately following this cultivation the first hand weeding should be done, even if there seem to be very few weeds visible; between the plants, as between the rows, they should be destroyed as soon as they sprout, and not allowed to grow until they are so big as to threaten the existence of the crop. After weeding the soil between the rows will be more or less packed down hard, and the next cultivation should be given with the cultivator teeth on the machine, to loosen the soil up again. There are three types of cultivator teeth which may be had: the regulation narrow ones; the “gang” of three or more together, of which the best have the ones nearest the row work shallower and nar- rower than the ones in the cen- tre; and the separate teeth with extra wide bottoms which have the advantage, where the weeds have begun to get a little ahead, of cutting them off as well as breaking up the soil. Every ten days or two weeks after this cultivation the garden should be run over be- tween rows with the ordinary hoes attached to destroy any weeds which may be sprout- ing and maintain the dust mulch. If the ground seems packed at all at any time substitute the cultivator teeth for the hoes. The soil should always be worked over as soon as it is dry enough after a rain. With crops such as beans, which are sometimes benefited by a slight hilling, the hoes or the disc attachments, set so that they throw the soil toward the row instead of away from it, may be used for very rapid and uniform work. As a general thing, however, level cultivation is to be pre- ferred to hilling as the loss of water from evaporation is not so great. Toward the end of the season, when crops which have been planted close have begun to fill up the rows, the vine lifters should be put on, and the single wheel used, with the hoes set close together, or the “sweep” or scuffle hoe attachment used in their place. For ordinary work, going once in a row at each cultivation will be sufficient. If the weeds have begun to get a little ahead, and the first time over does not get them all, or where the rows are too wide for the hoes or cultivator teeth to work up close to the row on either side, go twice, or three times if necessary, until the work is thoroughly done. Weeds that are only partly de- stroyed will continue to make a rapid growth, particularly in moist weather, and if they once re-root after the main tap-root has been broken, you will have your hands full, as they form a mass of fine fibrous roots to which the earth clings, so that each cultivation simply moves them around a little without succeeding in putting them out of busi- ness. Dwarf Apples for the Home Garden — By Samuel Fraser, WHAT A DWARF REALLY IS AND HOW IT IS MADE— THE KIND OF STOCK USED— SOME APPLES OF REAL QUALITY THAT ARE NOT COMMERCIALLY GROWN New York McIntosh apple tree on Doucin stock in its third year after planting as a 2-year old, April, 1910. Photo, Sept. 1912. The tree has never been pruned IN GROWING dwarf apples in the home garden one has the opportunity of planting varieties which cannot be secured commercially. For example, we generally find on the market such varie- ties as Spy, Greening, Baldwin, and King during the fall and winter months, but we might have difficulty in finding Spitzen- burg — eastern grown Spitzenburg at any rate — and this variety will grow very well in the home garden upon a dwarf stock. Before we go further it may be wise to state what is meant by Dwarf stock. THE THREE KINDS OF STOCK At the present time nurserymen are using three different kinds of stock upon which to bud different varieties of apples. There are: (i) The Standard, which is usually grown on French crab. These are purchased in France or in this country and are little trees grown from seeds secured in France from wild crabapples. They make the tall- growing standard trees with which we are all familiar, sometimes attaining a height of 60 or 70 feet if allowed to go up so far. (2) What is known as the Doucin. It does not make a tree which grows nearly as tall; in fact, it will tend to check itself at about 20 feet, and is, therefore, planted much closer than the standard. The trees can be held lower by pruning judiciously, and they may not attain a height of more than 10 feet, but in order to secure these heights it is necessary not to plant the trunk too deeply in the ground, otherwise the trunk itself may send out roots and the tree becomes to all intents and pur- poses a standard. (3) What is known as the Par- adise stock. This is a dwarf growing bush in France and seldom attains a height of more than io feet; and the trees budded upon it may attain this height. MAKING A DWARF The height, then, to which a tree attains depends upon the vigor of the root upon which the bud or graft is placed. In dwarf stock the usual method of propagation is to bud, so that if we want to grow a tree of, say McIntosh, Lady, or Chenango, we take buds from McIntosh, Lady, or Chenango trees and during August we bud them on the trunks of some of these little seedlings; and in the following spring, when these buds have united, we take the top off the seedling and the little bud is allowed to become the trunk and make the top of the variety desired and the root still remains whatever it was in the first instance, namely, Paradise, Doucin, or Standard. VARIETIES TO USE For those having gar- dens in the latitude of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, or New York there are some very good varieties which can be grown in the home garden. Those wanting an early apple will probably find Primate an ad- mirable apple for home use. The points which make it de- sirable for home use are those which render it of little value for com- mercial purposes. The fruit ripens over a period of about six weeks furnishing a long and continuous supply for this period. Naturally the man who wants to harvest the whole crop at one or at the most two pickings would never consider the planting of such an apple, no matter how valuable the fruit may be. Primate is an excellent apple for culinary purposes and an excellent one to eat for those desiring something a little tart. Those who have not used it will find it so much superior to Yellow Trans- parent, that once grown they are hardly likely to throw it away. It is a fairly good sized apple and is greenish in appearance and in the vicinity of New York City it would probably begin to ripen somewhere near the middle of August, or even a little later, and last probably from the month of August to the middle of September. It has a fairly good range of adaptability; that is, it will do well in the region of Phila- delphia and as far north as any part of New York, almost, except perhaps along the St. Lawrence. Another apple of similar season and character is Jeffries. In this case the fruit, while of medium size when ripe, is yellow in appearance and the surface is splashed with red, so that one might take it for a red apple. It has a tender flesh, mild to sub-acid, good quality. It would begin to ripen after the Primate and it could be used along until the winter fruit is ready. Those wanting a handsome showy apple will find it in Chenango Strawberry. It is a good sized apple and a variety which does very well on Dwarf stock, but of all ^ . the varieties which are par- A ticularly adapted Primate apple tree on Doucin in its third year after planting, bearing a few fruits. Planted as a 2-year old. April, 1909. Photo, August, 1911 85 86 T II E G A R D E N M A G A Z I N E March, 1915 to the Dwarf stock there is none which excels McIntosh, and certainly there is no apple which can compare with McIntosh in its season. It is one of the finest fall apples we have and should be included in every home orchard. Northern Spy is a good apple on dwarf stock and will bear earlier on Dwarf than it will on Standard. We have had dwarf trees which were five years planted carrying a nice little crop of fruit. Of course, this is not nearly as soon as McIntosh. For those near New York the list of desirable varieties for the home orchard might include: Summer. Williams Red, Primate, Jef- fries, Yellow Transparent, Oldenburg, Chenango. Fall. Wealthy, McIntosh, Maiden Blush, Mother, Bailey Sweet. Winter. Banana, Spitzenburg, New- down, Spy, Canada Red; while farther south Stayman, Winesap, Rambo and Jonathan might be added to the list. Grafting Fruit Frees Made Easy — By E. I. Farrington, ehusetts OLD TREES MADE NEW— POOR VARIETIES CHANGED INTO GOOD ONES— AN EASY WAY FOR THE AMATEUR TO KEEP UP TO DATE IT IS a curious fact that while the Co- burn graft, or the saw graft, as it is commonly called, is widely practised in the central states, it is hardly known in other parts of the country. Yet it is the simplest grafting method which has been discovered and may be made use of as ad- vantageously in the home orchard as any- where else. The two illustrations make the method so plain that but little description is needed. A branch from one to two inches in diameter is about the right size for grafting and should be cut off squarely six or eight inches from its base in the usual way. Then a slit is made along one side of the stub with a coarse saw, the saw being held in such a way that the opening is deepest at the end. Next the cion is inserted and if properly prepared will fit very tightly, with the bark of the cion and the stock coming into close contact. Two strokes of the knife should be sufficient to pre- pare the cion, cut- ting it the precise shape to fit into the opening in the stock. It must be wedge-shaped along the inner side and taper toward the lower end. Thus prepared, a considerable sec- tion of bark is left on the outer side to unite with that of the stock. With the cion in The Cobum graft all ready for waxing. This is really a cleft graft applied to old limbs The correct way for a cleft graft; the stock and cion fit accurately place, grafting wax is applied in the ordinary way, but perhaps with more than ordinary free- dom, since the cion is not held quite as firmly at first as when the cleft graft is used. In the home orchard it is wise, too, to bind narrow strips of cotton cloth around the graft in order to eliminate all danger of disturbance. In fact, it is advisable to use the cloth strips even with the cleft graft. Although it is a common practice to use only a single cion For the Coburn graft the stock is simply cut off squarely with a coarse saw when the Coburn method is followed, there is no reason why several should not be in- serted. Apple and pear trees are successfully grafted in March or even in April, but, since the sap begins to flow earlier in cherry trees, February is the month for grafting them. It is commonly laid down as a rule that cions must be cut in the fall or winter and stored in sand until they are to be used. This is the practice followed when consid- erable grafting is to be done, but if only a few cions are to be inserted, they may be cut at grafting time. In any case, they should come from growth of the previous season and contain four or five buds. Also, they should be cut from trees which are free bearers of first-class fruit. Many amateurs, and not a few farmers, fail to realize that each tree has a distinct individuality. Of a dozen trees bought and planted at one time, two or three are almost certain to out- rank the others in quality of fruit and fruit- ing propensity. In the West, where the record of every tree in some orchards is kept on paper for several successive years, an as- tonishingly large number of drones is found. If fresh cions are cut at grafting time they must be kept moist until set. This is easily accomplished by throwing a little earth over them. When an old tree is to be entirely reno- vated, the top may be cut off and as many as twenty grafts made. In three or four years the tree will begin to fruit and should produce abundant crops. It is best, though to make over a tree gradually, spreading the work over three years. When two cions are used on each stock and both live, the least promising one should be cut out the second year, but not before. Unless the grafts are bound, it is advisable to make a second application of wax after two or three months, as that first used is likely to be- come soft and spread when hot summer weather comes on. Then water has an opportunity to work in and the cion is loosened. If deemed desirable, several varieties of one fruit may be grown on the same tree. Amateurs find it pleasant to try out new varieties of apples and other fruits by the grafting method whenever they are able to obtain a few cions. They are also able to get a wide var- iety of fruit for home use with but a few trees. The Macintosh apple, for example, is one of the very best varieties for the home table in many sections of the Whip graft. Cion and stock Country, but as its ready to be brought together. wide popularity has They should be of same dia- been w()n Qnl jn re_ meter . J . . . cent years, it is not found in the ma- jority of home orchards. Yet it is very easily propa- gated and cions are readily obtained. Some, like the Buerre Bose pear, are preferable when grafted on a foreign stock. The tree grows poorly, yet the fruit is of high quality, large, juicy and sweet. (See also article on page 112.) Any graft is better for be- ing tied before the wax is applied to keep out air and moisture The “Alpine” House— A New Idea for Americans By John Avenel, wt THE IDEAL KIND OF GREENHOUSE REQUIRING ALMOST NO HEAT AND VERY LITTLE ATTENTION The alpine house is a new idea for American gardens, but will surely become popular as its attractions are realized TO GET right down to our subject, an alpine house is a small green- house wherein little hardy mount- ain plants are brought into bloom in the winter and spring. Such a house is usually even span shaped. There are not many alpine houses in any of our gardens — because the feature is still new. But for those who really love flowers, and par- ticularly the dwarf, beautiful, diversified and interesting little spring subjects, largely hailing from the Alps and other mountains of Europe, no addition to a garden is more to be commended. The points in favor of the alpine house are these: i. It costs little to erect, com- paratively speaking. 2. It need not be large — 20 feet by 9 feet, by 9 feet high to the ridge. 3. It need only have sufficient heating apparatus or piping to maintain a temperature of 45 degrees F. when the temperature out-of-doors is at zero. 4. Such a house can be utilized in summer for the cultivation of other flowers or summer flowering alpines, or such other crops as melons, tomatoes, cucumbers, eggplants, peppers, which it is desired to have a little earlier than the outdoor crops can be got; or it can be used for the drying and harvest- ing of seed crops of garden flowers. An alpine house is very far from being a useless or merely ornamental adjunct. If the stages were made so as to be removable it could even be turned into a useful children’s playing den on rainy days in the summer. Of course one could devote part of the usual conservatory or greenhouse to some of the alpines, but that would be at the risk of injury to the plants, as such houses are usually kept at much higher temperature than would be suitable for, or agreeable to, the alpines. Therefore, give them a house to themselves, where on the gravel or cinder covered stages, the little pans filled with stonecrops, snowdrops, crocuses, hardy cyclamens can be seen and their beauty enjoyed, even while the snow may lie two feet deep out-of-doors or the exterior tem- perature is at zero. We have simply put a glass shelter over our floral pets and can have a rich selection of the most pleasing harbingers of spring from February to May. This presupposes a tender regard for hardy flowers, and of alpines in particular. In America it is a section for which we have yet to cultivate a taste. In Europe, and England especially, the rock garden, the wild garden, the wall garden, and latterly the moraine with its own special and typical flowers, have each a large following of admirers and students. For the owners are not merely content to plant and let the things take their chance: they study their idiosyncrasies, and a plant with a peculiarity, a like and a dislike, is all the more precious on that account. Oh, to have some one gem flourishing in one’s collection that baffles the skill of all one’s friends! That is a relish indeed, and a thing to pride oneself upon. Probably our climate prevents us from attempting to emulate the great and grand rock gardens of the ultra-enthusiastic across the Atlantic, yet I am persuaded that we have not at- tempted all we might. The plants for our alpine house ought to be in pots, or preferably pans. Bulbs occupy a leading position and among them may be mentioned the following: Muscari or grape hyacinths; dwarf nar- cissus, especially minor, minimus, Bulbo- codium, Johnstoni, Queen of Spain, cyclamineus, moschatus, triandrus albus var. Angel’s Tears; Galanthus Elwesii and Ikariae; Tulipa Kauffmanniana, retroflexa, and Gregii; Scilla bifolia, sibirica, and sibirica, var. alba; Iris reticulata, Bucharica and persica; Hyacinthus azureus; Milla uniflora; Puschkinia libanotica; Bulbo- codium vernum; Leucojum vernum. Other suitable plants are Draba verna; Alyssum saxatile; Dryas octopetala; Saxi- fraga Burseriana, Griesbachii, apiculata, oppositifolia; Iris chamaeiris; Corydalis Wilsoni; Primula denticulata, Cock- burniana, Forbesi; Androsace sarmentosa and Chumbyi; various aubrietias or colored rock cresses; Erinus alpinus; Helleborus or Christmas rose, and other species; Hous- tonia caerulea; various forget-me-nots; Trillium grandiflorum, the wood lily; Viola cornuta; the horned poppy; and Tunica saxifraga. It is so interesting in the dreary winter days or the cold of the early spring to study and compare the little differences of the species and varieties, and the joy of caring for them grows apace. As one lot passes out of flower fresh batches follow in suc- cession, while those that have passed for the season go back to the coldframes or under a sheltered north wall, in a cool (and in summer a somewhat moist) position. There they require the minimum of atten- tion until the autumn, when the collection is assembled indoors once again. 87 ■.wa-sk-sw ODDS AND ENDS FROM EVERYWHERE Trying to Work Peas Overtime IN THE March, 1913, issue of The Garden Magazine, Mr. Adolph Kruhm had a very instructive article on the “Best Ten Peas for the Home Garden.” This told how to get peas for six weeks from one sowing. Unfortunately this article did not come under my notice until too late and consequently I set out to get succession crops of garden peas by making successive sowings. As I later found out, that was almost attempting the im- possible in this latitude. While we were not with- out a liberal supply of peas from June 7th until well into July, my attempt was in many respects a failure. It is with the hope that other amateurs may profit by my mistakes that this letter is written. My first sowing was of a variety known as First of All. This was made on March 23d. We had experienced a mild winter and there was no frost in the ground when they went in but cold rainy days followed the planting in monotonous succes- sion and on the 28th and 29th the glass was not far above freezing in the morning. In spite of this these hardy specimens finally got their heads above ground on April 3d. Then followed more rain and low temperatures, predominating throughout the month, so for a long time the vines were practically at a standstill. Not until May arrived did they have a fair chance. Then they made up for lost time and on June 7th we had our first picking. The usual amount of satisfaction was gained from beating out all the neighbors, but 73 days is a long time from seed sowing to harvest where peas are concerned. That the crop did not mature earlier was a sad disappointment, although the yield left nothing to be desired. It was the best of the season. For a smooth, round pea, the flavor of this variety is remarkably sweet. The vines are only three feet in height and are thus easily cared for in the small garden. Under anything approaching favorable conditions this variety is a sure and heavy cropper. Practically the entire crop matures at once, but there were too many even for such pea lovers as we are to clean up at one meal, so the crop lasted us five days in all, the pickings averaging one half peck a day. The second sowing of First of All had been made on April 26th, and while planted nearly a month later than the first, matured within nine days of it. It was a case of 51 days from seed sowing to harvest against 73 days, the former being much nearer schedule time for this particular strain. The yield, however, was far under that of the crop which matured more slowly in the cooler and more moist weather. Since our last picking from the first sowing was on June nth, and the first picking from the second sowing was on June 16th, there was a five day gap, but from the 16th to the 2 2d in- clusive, we had plenty of peas. My third planting was on May 3d, and this time Burpee’s Blue Bantam, a dwarf wrinkled variety of rapid growth, was used. On June 24th, two days after the last of the second First of All crop was gone, we had our first picking of these truly de- licious peas (the sweetest I have ever tasted), and as we were now getting plenty of other vegetables from the garden, these lasted us through July 4th, there being five pickings in all. This crop took but 52 days to mature, but the yield was lighter than that of the preceding crop. I usually plant the First of All variety in double rows, six inches apart, but the Blue Bantam variety does better in a single row, thinly planted. Blue Bantam was first introduced by Burpee in 1912. I hold no brief for Burpee, and buy my seeds wherever I believe I can get the best value, but their catalogue de- scribes this strain with absolute truth as follows: “The dwarf, vigorous vines average fifteen inches in height and carry really enormous crops of large, deep bluish-green pods. The handsome, pointed pods, generally borne singly, measure four to four and a half inches long, and are tightly packed with eight to ten extra large, deep bluish-green peas. These peas are not only large in size but of most luscious flavor. The pods are ready to pick as early as American Wonder, while double the size. A "booster”, made from boards or old wooden boxes and cheesecloth, for protecting newly planted seeds in fact, they average fully as large as Gradus.” I can back up every word of this. The seed comes high but it is well worth the price. The fourth planting for succession and the second of Blue Bantam was made on May 31st, maturing in but 43 days on July 13th. The yield, however, was light, and one other picking, delayed until July 19th, finished the crop. The fifth planting for succession was also made on May 31st, Thomas Laxton being used this time as I had an idea that it was much later than Blue Bantam. It beat it out, however, and matured after only 41 days on July nth. This variety is much too well known to need description. It gave us but three meagre pickings, the last being on July 19th, and fell behind Blue Bantam in spite of its three feet of vine. To my taste it is not one whit sweeter than Bantam, either. This ended the spring sowings. On August 3d a planting of both First of All and Blue Bantam was attempted in a vain effort for a fall crop, some- thing I have never yet been able to accomplish in Pennsylvania, and it was as usual a failure. Both varieties got well above ground and looked more promising than any late planting I have ever made, but a combination of drouth, muggy weather, and white lice finished them. Mulching and spraying were of no avail. The vines just quit and I did not blame them. It is asking too much of any cool weather vegetable to expect it to grow during a Philadelphia summer, and we are near enough to Philadelphia to get the real article. It just “can’t be did.” In the main I consider my experiment a rather successful failure since we got more peas from our garden than any of our neighbors got from theirs and enjoyed a longer period of yield, but my advice to any amateur who may read of this “Comedy of Errors” is to turn to Mr. Kruhm’s article. It will teach him to how to get more peas for about the same period with fewer gaps between crops and all from one planting. My own experience has convinced me that in this latitude all garden peas should be in the ground well before the end of April and that the idea of successive sowings for either spring or fall crops had best be abandoned. To attempt the contrary is too much like trying to work peas overtime and human beings, as well as peas, balk at that. Pennsylvania. H. E. Wilson. Just Cheesecloth ONE of the greatest helps in the garden is — just cheesecloth! The cheapest quality, three or four cents a yard if bought by the piece, is best. Before planting time, knock the bottoms out of wooden boxes — old soap boxes are a good size — and tack cheesecloth over them. These “boosters” can be set over the early lettuce and radishes as soon as the seed is planted, or over the first flower seeds planted. Later they will serve another purpose in the melon or cucumber patch — that of keeping off the striped beetle, a serious enemy of the young plant. Keep the boxes in place until the vines outgrow them. Later still, use the boxes to shade August planted lettuce or other seeds. August is a fine time to plant hardy perennial seeds, and here again the boxes will be found most useful. If the seed bed for your early flower seeds is not too large, and you are enough of a carpenter, make a low frame the size of the bed, and cover it with cheesecloth. Set this over the bed as soon as the seeds are planted, and water through the cheese- cloth. Keep it on the bed until the seedlings are well up. The first planting of string beans can be made earlier if you lay a strip of cheesecloth over each row, fastening it down here and there along the edge with sharp sticks. When the beans are well up the cover will only be needed at night. When the grapes begin to ripen, wasps sting and spoil them. To tie each bunch in a paper bag seemed the only way to prevent the damage — until I “discovered” cheesecloth. Now I cover the vines where the bunches are thickest with cheesecloth, pinning it on, when the grapes begin to redden. With scattered bunches, I tie squares of cheesecloth over them, tying the comers together over the vine. My choicest vines I covered com- pletely, joining the cheesecloth together on the sewing machine, dropping it over the top and pinning under the trellis and down the sides. Even if there are a few open places, the wasps do not seem to find them if most of the vine is covered. New Jersey. M. C. Richardson. The Japanese Holly, Ilex Crenata ILEX crenata will be found an ideal small-leaved evergreen for all purposes; it is most hardy in the New York district and as far north as Boston, and it will flourish when planted near the sea as well as inland. The plant is a native of Japan where it is used extensively, chiefly in the making of hedges. It may be classed as a slow-growing bush of very com- pact habit not unlike the box, but better than the box as it grows more quickly though perhaps not so compactly; when growing it is of a branching habit becoming thicker as it ages. The leaves are about one inch in length, are ovate in shape, and Variety Sown Plant- ing Above Ground ist Picking 2nd Picking 3rd Picking 4th Picking .5th Picking Yield per 10ft. of row Time to Maturity First of All . First of All . Blue Bantam Blue Bantam Mar. 23 April 26 May 3 May 31 1st 2nd 1st 2nd April 3 May 5 May 12 June 7 June 16 June 24 July 13 June 8 June 17 June 25 July 19 June 9 June 20 June 28 June 10 June 21 June 29 June 11 June 22 July 4 s qts. 3 iS qts- 2 qts. About 1 qt. About 1 qt. 73 days 51 days 52 days 43 days Thos. Laxton May 31 1st July 11 July is July 19 41 days Blue Bantam First of All Aug. 3 Aug. 3 3rd 3rd j- (Failure evident by September 23) 88 March, 1915 THE GARDEN M A G A Z I N E 89 lack the bright gloss that is noticed on the leaves of the box. They do not burn or blister in the hot spring sun. The propagating of this plant is simple in the extreme. In the autumn have a coldframe pre- pared with a good sandy soil; then take of! the summer growths about six inches long, removing the small leaves from one half the length of the cutting. Give the end of the cutting one clean cut with a sharp knife; then plant in the soil pre- pared in the colHframe, up to the bottom leaves of the cutting. Press the soil firmly about it, give a good watering and place the sash over the frame. On hot days shade a little and give air. During the winter months, place leaves between the rooted cuttings in the frame; they can be planted out in the spring time when they will make a fine growth. Long Island. S. R. Candler. Making Dahlias Bloom. Experts Advise Late Planting, Poor Soil, and Water PLAINLY written between the lines of the com- plaint of Mr. Davis in the December Garden Magazine, about dahlias making a rank growth and not blooming, is the answer: Too rich soil at plant- ing time. From an experience gained in growing acres of dahlias for revenue as well as pleasure, I would say divide the clump so that there is only one sprout on each division. If the soil is rich, work in a quantity of coal ashes or sand at planting time, and keep the soil loose around the plants. During dry weather water heavily around the base of the plant once a week at night, and rake the soil loose the next morning. When flower buds are well formed, add a top dressing of well rotted manure or any complete commercial fertilizer. This will give immediate returns in larger flowers, while the same amount of fertilizer at planting time would have produced a large plant that would arrive at the flowering stage much later. Too much fertilizer, at the start, shade and lack of cultivation are the three ills that beset the dahlia. — J. T. Fitchett, Janesville, Wis. My experience, and the experience of others, has shown me that dahlias like a light, sandy soil, not too rich; if too rich, the bulbs go to bush at the sacrifice of the flowers. Dahlias like oceans and oceans of water. They must never be allowed to suffer for lack of it. If they have good drainage you cannot give them too much water. Also when the foliage is too profuse I cut off considerably. I have blossoms from June until frost and they are only the common varieties and no longer young. — Mrs. T. C. Stephens, New Jersey. The principal trouble with Mr. Davis’s dahlias was the soil. Deep, heavy soil is not suitable for dahlia culture, as it produces foliage and tubers in abundance, but few or no flowers. If, however, this is the only available soil he has, it can be rendered vastly more suitable by mixing with it about two thirds of coarse coal ashes. I have ob- tained wonderful results from dah'ias grown where large, deep excavations had been filled in with coal ashes and no soil applied except that which hap- pened to be carried over the surface by the plow. Dahlias require rather light soil with good drain- age, and an abundance of fertilizer and water will show their effects in the size and luster of the flowers. Few people realize the amount of water that dahlias require to produce an abundance of flowers. Dahlias planted on light soil should receive, in a dry time, at least three or four pails of water at a time three times a week to each plant. Another mistake was in planting only one foot apart. They should never be less than two feet, and three feet apart is better. Dahlias planted two and a half to three feet apart will branch sufficiently without pinching back. I do not, and never did, approve of the method of pinching back the plants. — George L. Stillman, Westerly, R. I. Mr. E. W. Davis wants to know why his dahlias did not succeed last year. We believe that he should have had success, for although the season was very dry we were successful. Here is our ad- vice to Mr. Davis: Start the tubers in shallow ground. Take sharp knife, cut off shoot, taking part of tuber with cut. Throw away weak shoots; plant single shoots three feet apart in sunny loca- tion. If very dry season, water occasionally. Secure plants firmly to strong stakes. Do not pinch back; let single shoots grow without pinch- ing.— H. R. B., Ohio. Mr. Davis’s trouble was first, that he planted too many bulbs in a hill; second, and most serious, that after the plants had reached a height of two feet their tops should not have been pinched off. One bulb with a good sprout is much better than a whole clump of bulbs. Never plant more than two bulbs in a hill. When you plant a cluster of bulbs, you have four or five stalks, each struggling for existence. You receive practically all foliage and no flowers, whereas if only one bulb is planted, there is but one strong plant, capable of producing flowers throughout the entire season. Cultivation is the principal requirement. Fertilization is Japanese holly (Ilex crenata). an ideal small -leaved ever- green for all purposes American hollv (Ilex opaca) in the background second in importance; but both are very essential. Dahlias will grow and do well in any kind of soil. I have sand, gravel, and heavy and light loam, low- land and hills; and find "very little difference, as far as the number of flowers is concerned. The only difference is that in sand and gravel dahlias form a short, sturdy, compact plant, and in heavy loam and lowland they grow tall and rank, blossom- ing about a week later than those planted at the same time in sandy soil. An open sunny location seems to favor them at all times. The soil should be thoroughly plowed or spaded eight to ten inches deep, well pulverized and thor- oughly worked over, thus affording an opportunity for rapid expansion, and making an easy path for the tiny rootlets. Plant the bulb six inches deep, flat down, having sprout or eye facing upward, cover with soil an inch or so thick, apply dressing or fertilizer, and cover in level. Keep the soil well cultivated, and free from weeds; never allow the soil to crust.— J. K. Alexander, Mass. I believe the reason that Mr. Davis was un- successful with his dahlias was that his soil was too rich; if the loam had been mixed with at least half as much sifted coal ashes, I am quite sure there would have been a profusion of bloom. The tubers need air. Possibly the clumps were not divided; I find that that makes a vast difference. The dahlia is essentially a fall flower, and best results are ob- tained by later planting. Mine are never in the ground before the middle of June. — Mrs. Gerrit Smith, Nyack, N. Y. May I hazard a guess or two as to why Mr. Davis’s dahlias did not bloom? Possibly they were roots from plants that had bloomed to exhaustion the preceding year, and needed the year’s growth to regain strength. There seems to be a difference in varieties in ability to bloom heavily year after year. Different varieties differ, too, in their inclination to bloom under any circumstances. I suspect, besides, that a tuber may become superannuated, and, though unable to bloom itself, that it may develop young tubers which will bloom the following year. As to management, the planting time was good, but unenriched soil should have been used. When planting is early, or the soil too rich, the plants run to vine instead of to bloom. After the buds have formed fertilizing can be done heavily. It may be that the pinching back was done too late for new buds to be prepared and developed. If the plants are very backward in getting their start, they should not be pinched at all: if they start off vigorously, as they will if the roots are good and are planted under good conditions, the top should be pinched out as soon as the third joint is formed; i. e., as soon as there are six leaves. The stalk should be pinched off just below the top two leaves. If a plant two feet high is cut back to a stub, not only is the plant given a severe set-back, but the buds left to start new growth, if any at all, will be very feeble, and able to make but little headway. Where the subsoil is well drained, the roots may be planted very deep, perhaps preferably so; if the subsoil is not well drained, planting must be shal- lower, even to the surface of the ground, if necessary, as water about the roots is fatal to success. — Benjamin C. Auten, Carthage, Mo. In my experience dahlias will do well in any ordinary garden soil if they are treated right. My plan is to fork up the ground in the fall to the depth of about one foot, and scatter a plentiful amount of manure over it. In the spring after the ground is warm and dry I again fork it up; then lay it off three feet each way — four would be better. At the intersection of the lines dig a hole about eigh- teen inches deep and fill it up with well-rotted manure (cow manure is best) and soil, about one half of each, to about eight inches of the top. Then plant the tuber, making sure that it contains an eye. Fill in until the ground is level, pressing the soil down well. If it is more convenient a sprout, or cutting, may be planted instead of the tuber. My experience has been that one does as well as the other. Set a stake about six feet high to tie the plants to as they grow, otherwise they may be broken off by the wind. When the plants have two pairs of leaves, pinch off the bud at the top to prevent their growing so tall, and to make them branch out. Cultivate frequently, say once a week, but not deeply. If the season is dry mulch with grass or leaves. If very dry give plenty of water. Half a gallon of liquid manure once a week after blooming begins will improve the size of the blooms. If many buds appear pinch off some of them, and do not be afraid to use the pruning shears liberally. — J. G. Cisco, Nashville, Tenn. I was quite interested in Mr. Davis’s letter in the December Garden Magazine about the failure of his dahlia plants to bloom. Soil plays a very important role in the culture of this flower. We have found from many trials that dahlias planted in virgin soil, where the sod had been turned under in the fall and the young plants set out the following spring, will give better results the first season than at any time after in this same spot. All tuberous growing plants enjoy a fibrous, open soil rich in humus, that naturally drains well. No soil, after it has been in cultivation for years, can offer the same opportunities to such crops again. The nature of soil may by itself be favorable, or unfavorable to the growing of tuberous crops by being of a heavy, claylike nature, and contain but little organic matter; and the subsoil may not drain well. Porosity of sandy soils, or those of gravelly nature, favor greatly the growing of these plants The foliage does not grow so luxuriantly in lighter soils as in the heavy kinds but the willingness to blossom is remarkably better. Atmospheric conditions also influence the well being of dahlias to a very large extent. A cool, moist climate during the flowering period is best; and where the summers are hot and dry plant them late. There is a big differ- 90 T II E G A 11 I) E N M A G AZIN E March, 1915 ence in the varieties of dahlias and it is generally noted that the finest cactus dahlias will produce less bloom than the more ordinary types; and under adverse conditions, the old time double kinds and the single ones are almost the only ones that will produce a few flowers at all. My advice is that where suitable dahlia soils cannot be secured the amateur had best switch his affection for dahlias to some more grateful kind of flower. — J. G. Bacher, Portland, Ore. According to the letter “What’s the Matter with the Dahlias” in the December Garden Maga- zine, the trouble must have been as prevalent in the States as in Mexico. During 1914, dahlias, especially the double ones, were not nearly so beautiful here as they had been in previous years, although weather conditions were about the same. Even the florists exhibited but few specimens of dahlias during the flowering season, and these were nearly all single ones. My own dahlia plants, from which I have had flowers six to seven inches across, did not make any show at all. The double ones did flower, but the stalks were weak and the buttons dropped off before they bloomed. To find out what was the matter with the plants I dug out some of them and noticed WAR ON THE BUGS OF SPRING (See opposite page Jot illustrations) Poison Spray for Early Work . Arsenate of lead is the most satisfactory material for leaf-eating insects. For caterpillars that have just hatched 2% to 3 pounds of arsenate of lead paste to 50 gallons of water is sufficient. For large insects that are nearly full- grown a dose may be required of 5 to 8 pounds to 50 gallons of water. Digging Out Borers. Search for the burrow by cutting in with a sharp knife at a point where saw- dust has been thrown out. Then probe the burrow with a soft copper wire, nicked at the end. Kerosene Emulsion. In one gallon of hot water (soft) shave up 5 pound of soap, add to this 2 gallons of kerosene and at once agitate violently until a smooth, creamy emulsion is formed. Dilute with 10 to 12 parts of water. When to Spray Apple Trees • Apple trees maybe given a dormant spray, such as lime-sulphur or the miscible oils at any time up to the bursting of the buds. A poison spray, or a contact mixture, may be applied after the leaf buds open, but before the flower buds open. No spray of any kind should be applied while the trees are in bloom. Poison sprays or contact sprays may then be applied again as soon as the petals have fallen. [Reliable, ready prepared commercial sprays, etc., are on the market.) that during the summer they had made a big lot of bulbs. What I notice is that if there is an early rain in the month of March, the dahlias are quick to respond; then if we have no rain until the middle of May, during which time the sun is burning hot, we are bothered with a lot of insect pests which quickly destroy the plants, especially the young shoots when the buttons are showing up. Sprink- ling with nicotine or with sulphur powder does not help at all. — Arthur Leuze, Mexico. I think the trouble with Mr. Davis’s dahlias was due to a check in development, which may be due to pinching back the tops, a sure way to make the growth thicker with smaller blooms; or if the roots were started indoors, growth may have been checked when they were transplanted; or again the new and heavy soil may have choked the roots. Such soil should be loosened up with wood ashes and well rotted manure. Let one or two shoots grow as high as they will to get the largest blooms. A single shoot will make enough branches to give an abundance of blooms. I grew dahlias in very hard black soil, almost gumbo, this last summer, but I had treated it as above. My plants were eight feet high and the blooms were from six to eight inches across. — Glenn B. Chadwick, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Practical Plans for the Home Grounds I. A Dooryard Garden — By Ruth Dean, Landscape Designer, New York [Editors’ Note: We have made arrangements to present in this series of articles a practical solution of some one planning problem at least each month for some time to come. This is in response to repeated requests from many readers. Detailed plant- ing schemes are not given, but the reader will be able to adapt portions of such planting plans as were given in the February issue of The Garden Magazine. All the plans in this series will have a uniform treatment of shading to facilitate comparison: — Trees are indicated by heavy hatched circles; shrubbery by a light stipple and irregular outline ; flower beds by a light screen; a cross hatch for a hedge; grass is left blank] IT IS seldom nowadays that the main approach to a house is through a garden. Among New England houses, there are some which still keep their prim, box-bordered, flower-filled parterres flanking the front walk, but for the most part, lawns have swept the garden to the rear of the house, or to some place not quite so public as the dooryard. And in most instances, this is as it should be, for a garden is primarily a place to be enjoyed as one does one’s house — privately, and free from the eyes of outsiders. Sometimes, however, the flower garden between the street and the front door is the only kind which space permits, a fact which one need not regret, for the dooryard garden may easily have a great deal of charm. Almost everyone who has traveled European countrysides, will re- call peasant cottages, snug in the midst of their flowers, and re- member how inviting was the color filled plot. A garden of this kind is most success- ful with the small in- formal house, for even though it be laid out along wholly sym- metrical lines, there is about it a distinctly small house feel- ing. In the plan shown, a long narrow lot, badly shaped, with the house occupying a large proportion of it, offered opportunity for almost no other kind of garden. The lot was on a corner, and wherever the flower garden was placed, very little privacy was to be gained. Frankly accepting these conditions, and making the most of them, resulted in an amazingly pleasant little garden, which invites if it does not conceal. A picket fence (with well-designed posts at intervals) in front of a high hedge, goes far toward shutting off the outside world, and Plan for a comer lot where the house is approached through the flower garden of the semi-formal type. The open lawn is bordered by shrubbery which screens it from the street. Evergreen trees could be substituted the perennial beds around a stretch of green, with their corners strengthened by trim little hawthorn trees, form a pleasing courtyard garden to the low, stucco house. The hawthorn for use in gardens, deserves to be marked. It is a native tree, of a most picturesque habit of growth — jutting horizontal branches, that cover themselves in the spring with blossoms, which later turn into pretty little apples — it stands trimming well, and is perfectly symmetrical. Because it grows wild over our own meadows, we are apt to overlook its charms — as we do those of many common things — but it fits very happily into the most pre- tentious of gardens. The small lead figures at either end of the stretch of turf, are not necessary, though some really good piece of statuary, in scale and feeling with the garden, adds interest valuable to so small a place. Tall shrubbery and trees disguise the awkward shape of the lot — at the same time shutting off the piazza from the direct view of passers-by, and act- ing, at either end, as a background to the garden. The time to spray for San Jose scale is in the spring, just as the buds are swelling, but before foliage is started. Use lime-sulphur or a mis- cible oil (magnified) dll. I hill i Blister mites are microscopic creatures that cause reddish raised places in the leaves of apple and pear. They winter in crevices around the twigs. Spray, before growth starts, the same as for San Jose scale The bud moth webs together tender foliage and destroys it. Prevention is called for in the shape of a poison spray when the buds first show green IGi UlnSL^Slilmml liii!!Si!l!l!!!!!!!iiiiiH!iiii!!!!!!i!!!!!!i!!!!lii M The eggs of the white marked tussock moth are laid in a brittle froth. The remedy for the caterpillars is the same as that for the rusty tussock moth Some common case-bearers are now half-grown larvae, attached to twigs. Spray with a poison, to be applied as soon as the trees are well in_leaf War on the Bugs of Spring Pictured by Tree crickets make these rows'of egg punctures. Cut off the cane or twig just below the row, and burn it Eggs of the rusty tussock moth should be removed whenever found. Early spraying with a poison will catch the young caterpillars The common apple worm winters over in a silk shelter under loose bark. Now is the time to scrape off old bark scales The old-fashioned jack-knife is as good a remedy as any for the Hat- headed borers. Dig them out before the tree has started grow th Early spring is a good time to dig out the round-headed borer. Use a soft copper wire to probe the burrow, and a sharp knife to make the necessary cuts Wf~^ State Entomologist, . Vo. V7 rVcUlC, New Hampshire For oyster shell scale prepare 10% kerosene emulsion, watch for the hatching of the scales and then spray, repeating the dose in a week or so. Regular spraying each winter with lime-sulphur or one of the miscible oils will hold this scale in check in the course of two or three seasons Tree tanglefoot is useful in early spring to stop some caterpillars from crawling up trees and to put a barrier to other bugs that have no wings On apple trees, plant lice hatch with the coming of warm weather. Get them early with kerosene emulsion or some tobacco extract preparation FIGHT THE BATTLE NOW AND WIN IMMUNITY FROM'LOSS IN SUMMER. (See opposite page for spraying mixtures) 91 GARDENING FOR. YOUNG FOLKS CONDUCTED BY ELLEN EDDY SHAW The Month’s Work GARDEN work should begin now. The garden may be far more effective if there are seedlings all ready to put into it when planting time comes. So gather together what is necessary for your work. Buy a sieve of not too fine a wire mesh, one of about a half-inch will be right. When fine seeds are planted they need fine soil conditions under which to grow. Make a mixture of the following: 3 parts of garden soil, 2 parts of leafmold and 1 part of sand. These soils should be sifted and then mixed together thoroughly with the hands. If you can squeeze a handful of this mixture into a ball, there is moisture enough in the soil; but soil that falls apart when thus treated, lacks moisture. Water, if lacking, may be worked into the soil. Five-inch pans or wooden flats may be used for starting the seedlings. Wet the pan to drive the air out of the crock and fill the air spaces with water. Cover the drainage holes with curved bits of crock and fill in the soil mixture; tamp or press this down with a tamping stick or the bottom of a small flower pot. Fill in the soil to within one inch of the top, scatter the seed over this surface and then sprinkle on a little soil— not more than an eighth of an inch in thickness if the seeds be fine ones. Place a piece of cheesecloth over the pot and water gently through this so as not to flood the seeds and the top layer of soil out of place. Such pans, pots, and flats of seeds should be placed in a warm, sunny window. Of course a green- house is the ideal place for the work. If seeds are started in low boxes, or flats, in a class-room and a piece of glass placed over the top, tilted so as to make a condition similar to that of a hotbed, very good results may be expected. In early March start seeds of pansy, begonia Red Erfordia, stock, lobelia Blue King, gloxinia and zonal ger- anium. Later in the month start Shasta daisies, verbena, hollyhock, dianthus, delphinium and pyrethrum. An interesting piece of work to try with the older boys and girls is this with dahlias. If you have some dahlia roots you can start these and then take cuttings from them. Growth starts from “eyes,” like the potato, so be sure your roots have eyes. Trim off the root at each end and lay it side- ways in a pot. Use 8-inch pans for this work and if the dahlia roots are not too large, three, at least, may go in one pot. One may use ordinary garden soil for this planting. When the shoots are about five inches high take the roots out of the pots and cut the shoot from the parent, taking with the cutting a heel or piece of the parent. Pot up these cuttings and plant outdoors late in the season. If the cuttings are not taken off these dahlia plants grow luxuriantly and make quite a showing. If vines are needed for the garden start seeds of Coboea scandens. These seeds are most interesting; they are large, with the germ spot very evident. Make a soil mixture of one half garden soil, one quarter sand, and one quarter rotted manure. Plant two seeds in a 3-inch pot, placing the seeds on end with the germ side down. Then cover with a quarter-inch of soil. The first and the true leaves are worthy of study, the first leaves are simple ones, the true leaves compound. The plants will grow rapidly indoors and start to climb, so they must have a support of some kind. These vines will grow to twenty or thirty feet in height. The end of February is the time to start seeds of vegetables, such as early cabbage, early cauliflower, kohlrabi, onion, tomato and self blanching celery. These may be started in pans just as the other seeds were and with a similar mixture of soil. Try forcing out the twigs of shrubs; these blossoming branches are beautiful and effective in the class room as well as at home. Cut branches about three feet in length, put these in jars of water away from the light in a cool place where the temperature is about 50 degrees. As the buds start to open bring them to a light place. The warmer this spot, the faster development goes on. These branches will begin flowering from three to six weeks from the time they are first placed in the dark. Try such shrubs as Deutzia gracilis (white blossom); forsythia, (yellow); weigela (pink); syringa (various colors); Spiraea Van Houttei (white); Prunus triloba (pink) and Viburnum plicatum (white). Shaftsbury Depot (Vt.) School OUR work of improvement began in November, 1913, and has continued since that time. The school building is in a very good condition, it being a comparatively new one. The ceiling and walls were in a very fair condition, but being unadorned were not very attractive looking. In December we gave a fair, with the proceeds of which we purchased three pictures, “The Horse Fair,” “An Arabian Fight,” and “The Colosseum.” These are framed in dark brown stained wood. A Victrola was also purchased and thirteen double faced records. These are used during the opening in the morning and for folk-dances on the playground. Entertainments were given at different times to raise money. With this money we purchased bracket lamps, curtain rods and cloth, seeds for our gardens, and plants and bulbs for our flower gardens. The most substantial and important improve- ments were made out-of-doors. On the north side of the schoolhouse was a high sand bank, which not only made a bad looking yard, but gave the pupils very little room for play. We invited the farmers to help us and they responded very readily. They came early one Saturday morning, fifteen men and eleven horses, and worked for about seven hours. The hill was taken away, the ground leveled, good soil brought on for flower beds and a garden was ploughed and harrowed. The garden was 42 x 16 ft. and was divided into sixteen individual plots and vegetables planted, each child taking care of his own plot. After the yard had been nicely leveled, we found we had quite a quantity of stones, which it was necessary to remove. The little children picked up all the stones into piles and the older boys carried them away. The boys came to school early in the morning and stayed after school at night to work on the yard. And it was hard work, because the stones were heavy and they could carry only a small load at a time. After the yard was raked for the last time, forty- one pine trees were set out, making a border around the yard and around the drive. Some of these trees were obtained from the State Forester. Flower gardens were made in front of the building. Plants and seeds for the gardens were purchased out of our fund. These were carefully tended during the year. Our work of improvement is still going on. The children are more interested now even than before because our school has been improved so much and looks so attractive that they wish to keep it in condition. — Henrietta Walbridge, Principal. Mildred Knight, one of the pupils, tells about how the garden was planted: “One Saturday morning Miss Walbridge, my teacher, asked all the farmers from Shaftsbury to come and work on our lawn. After they had pre- pared a piece of ground for the garden, 42 x 16 ft., we divided it into sixteen plots, so that each child would have one plot to take care of. We made paths around the gardens and we planted lettuce, radishes, turnips, onions, corn, and transplanted tomato and cabbage plants. Around the large garden we planted a border of flowers. We de- cided that the best place for the flowers was in the middle of the lawn; so we made three gardens, a diamond-shaped one, and two circular ones. We planted double buttercups and pansies in the centre, with borders of stone. The beds were very pretty all summer.” My Home Garden MY GARDEN is forty feet square, consisting of soil that is fairly rich. I laid out a hotbed three feet square and four feet deep, and constructed a frame with corner posts three inches in diameter, making the two corner posts of the back of the bed one foot higher than those of the front. I then nailed some planks to the corner posts, and filled the hole with stable manure mixed with leaves to within four in- ches of the top. Then four inches of loam was put into the bed. Three or four days later, I planted some tomatoes, beets, radishes, and lettuce. As soon as the frost had left the ground, I spaded up my garden and fertilized it with hen manure. I began my out-door garden the last of March, by planting some radishes, lettuce, peas, parsley, carrots, and onions. The first of April, I transplanted beets and lettuce from the hotbed to out-of-doors. In May, five dozen tomato plants were trans- planted to rows three feet apart each way. I also planted sweet corn and beans. I furnished a supply of vegetables for the family all season and sold quite a few to neighbors. My receipts were as follows: beans, $3.80; beets, $4.30; carrots, $3; endive, $1.75; lettuce, $6; onions, $.75; peas, $2; parsley, $1.50; rhubarb, $.60; radishes, $2.30; strawberries, $4.50; squash, $3; sweet corn, $4.15; tomatoes, $15; turnip, $.50. The total receipts were $53.15 and the expenses were $1 for commercial fertilizer and $1 for seeds. Providence, R. I. Howard J. O’Connell. Forty-one pine trees were set out by the children in the Shaftsbury Depot School. Even the superintendent had to do his share of labor 92 March, 19 15 THE GARDEN M A G A Z I N E 93 gVerta oseoerrv &aroen Jrances ' Duncan G Decorations Z>y !7ac/£ GftCaitfey, ‘■Rose (i Continued from page 199, January magazine ) Chapter IX Toward the end of May things went in more leisurely fashion. The shipping was rapid, but there was less haste and little anxiety. The azaleas and rhodo- dendrons, the young evergreens which went off now, were not so perishable, so a trifle of delay was not so serious a mat- ter. And now, more than earlier in the sea- son, came those flower-loving folk who liked to select their plants when in bloom — peonies and rhododendrons and roses— and have them marked for later shipment. Forethought is ever a gardener’s virtue. Also came landscape gardeners, too busy to visit earlier, to learn and note the varieties they liked. Some of these were old friends of Michael’s, for he had a wide and varied circle; some would be new comers to the gardens. Some, like Paul Fielding, would be students. A University professor, and old friend of Michael’s, brought with him one after- noon an English landscape gardener for his first visit. Michael, who was in the office, saw the pair as they approached, walking from the station. “Faith,” he said to Roberta, “’tis my frind the Professor, wit his univer- sity job again! ‘Michael’ says he to me, says he, ‘if ever ye get a chanst to sit down, Michael, there’s a Chair av Botany an’ Horticulture awaiting for you at the University!’ I’ll be after wantin’ it soon” said Michael as he was leaving the office to greet them. “My bones are gettin’ old.” When he had finished with his custom- ers he came back to the office, sat down in a big arm chair, leaned back and wiped the perspiration from his brow. “Hm,” he said, “ did ye see the English- man Professor Prentiss had wit him — him with the checked suit and the fat- ness?” Roberta nodded. “’Tis Mr. Jameson Forsythe, he is, av London, and he’s come here to show us how to lay out gardens, he has, but ’tis little he knows about buyin’ plants, though I’ve larned him somethin’ to- day!” Michael settled his red neckerchief and smiled with satisfaction. “What did you do to him, Michael?” asked the young secretary, with a spark of amusement in her eyes. “ I sold him some plants,” said Michael grimly, “an’ if he comes out again, he’ll buy as he should!” He chuckled. “At fir-rst ’twas — ‘How much is that,’ p’intin to a foine rhodydendron. “ ‘Two dollars and a half,’ says I. “‘Too much’ says he. ‘And that?’ p’intin’ to as handsome an Abraham Lincoln, as ye might wish to see. “ ‘Five dollars,’ says I. “ ‘I c’u’d buy it for ten shillin’ in the ould country. And that?’ “ ‘Siven and a half,’ says I. “ ‘I c’u’d buy two better f’r a pound in the ould country’ says he. “I was tired out wid him, so I says to Professor Prentiss, ‘Y’r fri’nd reminds me of the Irishman that wint up fr’m Dublin to London.’ “‘How’s that?’ says he. “And Mr. Jameson Forsythe he pricks up his ears too and ‘ How’s that?’ says he. “‘There was an Irishman that wint up fr’m Dublin to London, and he wint into a shop to buy eggs. ‘How much is they?’ says he to the shopkeeper. “‘A penny apiece,’ says the man. “‘Faith,’ says the Irishman, ‘I c’u’d buy two f’r ha’ penny in the ould country!’ “ ‘Well,’ says the shopkeeper, ‘an’ why didn’t ye stay there thin?’ “‘Faith,’ he says, ‘I c’u’dn’t find the ha’ penny!’ “Professor Prentiss, he laughed and laughed, and Mr. Forsythe he looked a bit mad; but he bought like a lamb after that and niver a word did he say about prices! Niver a wor-rd! “Ye see,” Michael explained to Miss Davenant, chuckling again. “ ’Tis ex- actly the way wid those English garden- ers. Av course they can buy the plants cheaper there, but ’tis here they come f’r the ha’ pennies — the people with the money to spind. “’Tis an arrt it is, to sell plants. There’s some ye have to lead along gintly and tinderly; there s others, like Mr. Jameson Forsythe, that ye have to larn a lesson. “Mr. Penfield was here to-day, wid his wife, and sorry I was to see thim come together. “Take Mister Pinfield alone, he’ll buy well. Take Mrs. Pinfield alone, and she’ll buy well! But he’s a shy buyer when his wife is wid him ! ” Michael could diagnose a customer with the skill of an accomplished phy- sician diagnosing a case, and give him exactly the right treatment. It was a different form of instruction from that Roberta obtained from Ru- dolph Trommel or from Mr. Worthing- ton, but it was intensely interesting and afforded her much amusement. “Oh yis,” she heard him say to a hand- somely dressed woman who was looking approvingly at a very inexpensive plant. “That might do well enough for some people, but it’s not the thing f’r your place!” And the good soul would think her elegance had so impressed Michael she would buy anything he said. “And so you’re the owner av the old Norris place on the Pike!” (This to a new comer who had just told him where his estate was). “Well I am glad,” said Michael cordially, “to larn that the foine old place has come at last into intelli- gent hands! I was always tellin’ Cap- tain Norris that the wan thing he needed, to make that the foinest place on the Turnpike, was to make a plantation of evergreen up the hill, to put a foine hedge in front, to plant shrubs an’ a few trees to cut off completely the sight av’ the factory. But he never had the sinse to do it. And to think that as soon as ye bought it ye should have come out to Rosebe’ry Gardens! Well, I am glad!” And of course the gentleman bought well. Aside from affording this kind of in- structive amusement Roberta found a staunch friend in Michael O’Connor. She made surprisingly few mistakes, owing to her intense interest in the busi- ness, but of course there wTere some. 94 T H E G A R I) E N M A G A Z I N E March, 1 !) 1 5 Once an irate dealer came out, a man who posed as a nurseryman although his ground space was but a 7 x 9 down-town office. The Roseberry Garden tag had been left on the plants; he had ordered it omitted. The plants must look as if they came from his nursery. “Do see him, Michael!” begged Miss Davenant. “He’s very angry!” “Indeed I will,” said Michael, and went out to meet the wrathful dealer with his most beaming smile. “Why, Mister Kelly!” he said. “In- deed, and it’s foine to see you. And how well yore looking. And how is Mrs. Kelly and the foine little b’y that was here wicl you last year? ’Tis well I hope they are. And ar-re ye goin’ to have the b’y in the business like y’rself?” And the angry dealer was smiling back before he realized it, and all he said by way of complaint was — and that apologetically — “There was a-er-little mistake in the last order.” “How did you do it, Michael?” asked Roberta when Kelly was gone. Michael grinned complacently. “Molasses,” he said.” ^ N ’Tis simple, but it wor-rks.” Chapter X Twice a week all through the busy season, with un- failing regularity, exactly five minutes after Mr. Worthington’s scheduled departure, did Mr. Maurice J. Herford appear at Rose- berry Gardens. If the circumstances were favorable he bought plants with joy and abandon, his only difficulty being where to send them. Sometimes, though rarely, the cir- cumstances were unfavorable. Once the copper-haired secretary was too busy with another client to do more than look up and nod. Then Mr. Herford re- entered his carriage and drove home. Once, Mr. Worthington was delayed in leaving, and recognizing the occupant of the approaching carriage, bade Pere- grine take back the coupe and bring it again at five. “I seem to have missed your visits so often,” he said to Mr. Herford, who was “very sorry.” And the two walked about the azalea plantation discussing English horti- culture and the dearth of American writers thereon, owing, in Mr. Worthing- ton’s opinion, to the dearth of expert garden knowledge among American clergymen; for in England the clergy form a most useful class who write both intelligently and pleasantly about gar- dens. Men like Dean Hole, for ex- ample. And Mr. Herford agreed with him and deplored the lack, but he left no large sized order to cheer the heart of Michael. Usually, however, Michael had acted the part of stage manager for his favorite so skilfully that such casualties were avoided. “Mr. Herford will be here this after- noon,” he announced impressively to Roberta one morning in late May. “Well,” she said indifferently, “that should make you happy Michael.” “It does that,” he said, “except that to-day, f’r the life of me, I can’t attend to him properly! “ ’Tis a shame too, the foine man he is. Mr. Sanger, the archytect, will be out here till late, and Jimmy Frear, of Charles Frear & Sons, the big florists. ’Tis har’rd! “I wonder,” he exclaimed, his face lighting up, “I wonder if you c’u’dn’t do it? There’s none of the min I’d trust wid the job. But the plants ar-re all marked. T’w’d be aisy for wan that knows thim so well as you! “Ye could take him t’rough the azaleas, an’ over by the hedge is some marked f’r him. Just show thim to him and put thim down if they’re what he wants. And thin ye take him down to the End Entirely (and that’s a plisant walk in the afternoon), and there’s four golden retinisporas marked f’r him there. And thin, ye take him along by the woods to the end av the dogwoods (and that's a plisant walk), till ye come to some red flowering dogwoods, wid his tag. And thin, ye bring him along to the farm road, and just before ye get there is some specimen rhodydendrons (and that’s a plisant walk). I’m sure ye’ll not mind it, Miss Davenant! In- deed, I’d take him if I c’u’d, but ye can see f’r yerself, ’tis a long way round and I’ll be on me old feet all day— — “Michael!” said Roberta, “Mr. Her- ford is your client.” But just then Mr. Worthington came in. “I was just explainin’ to Miss Dave- nant,” said Michael guilelessly, “where were the plants I’d marked f’r Mr. Herford. ’Tis scattered all over the place they are, and I’m afraid I’ll not have time to take him wid Mr. Sanger to be here all the afternoon. ’Tis well some one should know their location. I don’t like to disapp’int him!” Mr. Worthington nodded approvingly. But Roberta scowled at Michael. None the less, that afternoon, with the exact- ness of an actor entering at his cue, Mr. Herford made his appearance. It was a bit earlier than usual. Mr. Worthing- ton, Matthew Sanger, and Frear, the florist, were in the office when he entered. Michael turned with a troubled look to Mr. Worthington. •“C’u’d ye spare Miss Davenant this afternoon? She’s the only wan but meself that knows where ar’re the plants I’ve marked f’r Mr. Herford. I’ve promised Mr. Sanger — Frear is going wid Brian now, but I’ll go over his list wid him later. I’m sorry to trouble ” “Surely, as far as I’m concerned,” responded the old gentleman. “It is a pleasant afternoon; the other work can wait.” So Roberta picked up her hat and note book and went out into the late sunshine, giving a look of reproach to Michael, but he smiled back cheerfully. She smiled in spite of herself with amused vexation. Roberta really liked Mr. Herford. She would have liked him better if Michael had been less assiduous, but Maurice Herford himself had little to do with Michael’s deep laid schemes. He only obeyed his mentor literally and exactly. Roberta rather liked his shyness and the sudden pleasure that would light his face at the sight of a rarely lovely plant. She liked his detachment, liked the way he never intruded or insisted and never brought in the personal. She was as ignorant as the plants themselves, that he liked to get her head in certain lights and deliberately arranged for it. He could talk interestingly also, and used to tell her about famous English gardens, of Hampton Court, of Haddon Hall, of the lovely little private gardens with the quiet-flowing Thames at their backs. So the two went in and out among the plants, now brushing against the huge tree peonies of Japan, now bending over gorgeous irises, very rainbows in color, and past acre after acre of splendid rhododendrons just coming into bloom, with the sheer happiness that comes to all real flower lovers when they are among them. To real flower lovers there is as little necessity for chatter in a garden as to a music lover there is the need of gossip at a concert. It is enough to drink in the beauty. {To be continued) March, 1915 T II E G A R D E N M A G A Z I N E 95 The Best 800 Dahlias The selection of the largest dahlia grower in the world There is no necessity of emphasizing the fact that this is the Dahlia era. Just as June has been known as the “Month of Roses,” so the period from August to October is now known to all garden lovers as “Dahlia Time.” Easily raised outdoors by any child, the up-to-date dahlia with its myriad forms and remarkable colorings is the crowning touch of the garden year. Every year sees hundreds of new varieties added to the already large list of dahlias — but it is unfortunately true that many of these varieties fail to meet the expectations of the garden lover. At Atco, New Jersey, on the largest dahlia plantation in the world (ioo acres), the finest of the foreign and American introductions are thoroughly tested each year and when they have proved their adaptability to American soil con- ditions, are offered either in plant or dormant root form, ready for your garden. Among all the recent books issued on the subject of Dahlias none is more helpful than the “Book of 800 Best Dahlias,” by David R. Herbert, listing the varieties that stand every test, including novelties that have attracted the utmost attention at the last Dahlia shows and illustrating many of the best decorative, fancy, cactus, show, peony- flowered, collarette, century and pompon dahlias in natural colors or in black and white. This book is frankly a commercial production — it aims to interest more people in dahlia growing, to bring those who are now growing dahlias to improve their plantings by the addition of the best new varieties. Its lists of exhibition sets will be read with rare interest by the most expert dahlia men in America, who recall the many varieties selected previously by Mr. Herbert which received the highest possible awards from the Dahlia societies of this and other countries. There is no reason why any garden lover need hesitate to write for this book to David R. Herbert, Box 4or, Atco, New Jersey. It is free to all who are inter- ested in dahlias. Nor need any one hesitate to try raising the finest dahlias on his home grounds. Any reader of Garden Magazine who mentions this advertise- ment and encloses one dollar, will receive prepaid a selection made by experts from the best proven varieties, all ten to be either cactus dahlias, decorative dahlias, or show dahlias, every one a different, named variety. This offer is not to be confused with the ordinary unnamed groups — with these named selections every plant becomes an interesting, pleasing acquaintance. If you want all three collections, 30 plants in all, send $2.50 and mention this publication. A profusion of bloom this year at the time when color in the garden is too often lacking. Cut from “Book of 800 Best Dahlias, ** by David R. Herbert Perle de Lyon (cut shown above) perfect in form, pure white in color. The profusion of large beautifully shaped flowers, on long stiff stems, has led experts to call this “The best of white dahlias regardless of type.” 1C a 1*1 a remarkable new cactus dahlia, frequently IVladLCI IVctl 1 pearjng flowers seven inches in diameter, of clear, bright amber color with slight scarlet tinge in center. Illus- trated in natural colors in the Herbert book. “GLADIATOR Delice appreciated. the world’s best pink decorative dahlia. Remarkable lavender-pink flowers in profusion, on sturdy stems. Must be seen in colors to be Shown in natural colors in the Herbert book. Rene Cayeux the brilliant geranium-red cactus dahlia. Flowers early* bears a profusion of strikingly brilliant flowers. a fancy dahlia noted for its large size and remarkable iTldldl coioring. Canary yellow, marked with fine stripes and splashings of deep-red. A startling attraction. ( Any reader of Garden Magazine who mentions this publication will receive one each of the above varieties, delivery prepaid, if he sends $1 to David R. Herbert, Box 401, Atco, N. J., and will be sent free a copy of the Herbert “Book of 800 Best Dahlias.’’ ) Cannas and Gladioli In his book Mr. Herbert includes the choicest of the older Cannas, and Gladioli, and the best new introductions in each. With Gladioli, Cannas and Dahlias, no garden need lack for color from the day June dies to the time when the snow falls. For the convenience of those garden lovers who want to test the finer varieties at minimum cost, he is offering, one each of the three best new cannas for 35c. Gladiator (shown by cut) bears many long, strong stalks of bright yellow flowers, thickly spotted with crimson. Uncle Sam is the brilliant orange scarlet Canna, growing 6 to 7 ft. high which attracted such attention on the White House grounds at Washington. Venus is a gay, rosy pink canna with mottled border of cream yellow. Herbert’s Suburban Collection of 72 Gladioli, enough to plant a fine bed, for $2.50, prepaid, is too well known to require extended comment. It includes one dozen each of America, Augusta, Brenchleyensis, May, Mrs. Francis King and Principe. The Readers' Service is prepared to advise parents in regard to schools 96 THE GARDEN M A GAZIN E March, 1915 EVERGREENS Plant Now for Immediate Effect Our large business in evergreens is due to their splendid root growth, insuring successful transplanting and long life. When you buy from us you may be sure the trees will grow. One customer has purchased 51,000 in 10 years. As many of our trees are specially priced this season, you had better make an early selection. We guarantee satisfaction. Dickson’s Irish Roses The Blue Ribbon Winners of the Rose World. You can choose from a specialized collection of these beautiful fragrant flowers. Our customers win many prizes annually with blooms from this stock. All our 200 varieties of roses are field grown and include Everblooming, Choice Climbers and Tree Roses on heavy Rugosa stock. Japanese Iris Unsurpassed in wealth of bloom by few if any, of the perennials. Will grow in almost any soil. We give unusual care and attention to all the best of the old fashioned flowers, believing them to be far superior to the ordinary bedding plants. Our collection is very large and prices extremely reasonable. We also offer a fine lot of dwarf and standard Fruit Trees, Vines, Shrubs and Deciduous Trees, many in extra sizes for immediate effect. Send today for our catalog, a cyclopedia of information for the grower. Special quotation on large orders.; Our Motto: Prices as Low as Consistent with Highest Quality. Rosedale Nurseries Seventy Varieties S. G. Harris Box A Tarry town, N. Y. 6 Inches to 16 Feet RIPE TOMATOES Earlier than you ever had them before No danger from frost, cold winds or late springs when protected with all S eed& Plan t forcer Makes any kind of seeds or plants srow in the open garden just the same as if under hotbed sash. Cheap enough to use ’em by the i.ooo. Private and market gardeners take the hint. It’s the early crop that brings the pleasure and the profit. Send for my beautifully illustrated free catalog. It’s a compendium of many new and wonderful inventions for the up-to-date gardener. You’ll be glad you sent for it. The Ball Manufacturing Co. Dept. E. Glenside, Pa. A WOMAN FLORIST 6 Hardy Everblooming On their own roots K HQPQ ALL WILL bloom THIS SUMMER Sent to any address post-paid; guaranteed to reach you in good growing condition. GEM ROSE COLLECTION Lady Quart us Ewart, Snow White Furbenkoiiigia, Grandest Pink Edward Mau ley, Dazzling Crimson I ndy JMrrie, Yellow and Pink Margaret, Delicate Blush Melody, Golden Yellow SPECIAL BARGAINS 6 Carnations the “Divine Flower,” all colors, • - - . . 25c. 6 Prize-Winning Chrysanthe- mums, - - 6 Beautiful Coleus, - - 3 Flowering Cannas. • • 3 Choice Double Dahlias, 3 Choice Hardy Iris, - - 10 Lovely Gladioli, - - . 10 Superb Pansy Plants, 15 Pkts. Flower Seeds, all different, 25c. Any Fiv e Collections tor One Dollar, Post-Paid. Guarantee sat- isfaction. Once a customer, always one. Catalog Free. MISS ELLA V. RAINES, Rox 66, ."•priiigtield, Ohio Cactus Dahlia \A7E offer and fully describe in our ’ ” Garden Book this season three hundred and forty-eight of the choicest New and Standard varieties, which include ail types and colors of this •favorite Fall flower, every one having been carefully tested And found desir- N able. If you have never grown Dahlias you should begin by getting our Six “ Incomparable ” Dahlias for Garden Decoration for $1.25 Or send for a copy of our Garden Book free and make your own selection. 714-716 Chestnut Street Philadelphia, Pa. r HENRY A. DREER Dreer’s Dahlias DAHLIA SPECIALISTS Feminine Garden Tools YEARS ago, when I first began my real gar- dening, my husband bought me a small narrow hoe, with a long handle. This, for years, was my most cherished possession, and still occupies an honored place among my limited stock of garden tools. It is light and easily managed, does great execution among even closely set plants by reason of its diminutive size, and the handle is long enough to avoid possible backaches. Later on, I learned that an ideal set of feminine gardening tools are made from a child’s set (albeit well made), with the original handles removed and longer ones substituted. With these, also, one may work with ease and without undue fatigue, and accomplish a wonderful amount. The little rake, especially, is a priceless tool. It is so narrow that it will go between rows of little plants set with reference to its width, and also among perennials, and with it a surprising amount of cultivation may be accomplished in a short time. I suppose the shove or push hoe is an implement generally known; but I, through lack of enterprise in getting one, have only used it three or four years. One of its specialties is garden paths. In a very short time, I can go over all my paths, cutting down those enterprising weeds that flourish so very surprisingly in the hard, well trodden soil. Then I follow with a rake, which I plan to have the same width as my paths, and presto! A garden so neat in appearance as to strike the beholder with envy! In trowels, also, there is much choice. Beware of cheap ones, which are really the most expensive ones possible. This is true of all tools, but espe- cially trowels. Get mason’s trowels, which will last— unless lost — almost forever. We have a large one and a small, narrow, pointed one. This latter is of the greatest use in transplanting small seedlings. Set the gardening line taut, from end to end of the bed; measure a trowel’s length between each tiny plant set; stick the small trowel straight down into the mellow, well prepared soil; work it back and forth once to make an opening; hold the seedling in the hole so formed, with the left hand, and firm the earth around it with the trowel held in the right hand. Rows can be set in the shortest possible time by this method. Take good care of the tools. Select as conven- ient a place as possible for storing the tools; but let them be under cover, and treated with the respect which is their due! Massachusetts. W. H. E. Plant Evergreens BY FAR the best time to plant evergreens in the Middle South is the month of March. Ever- greens from the nurseries have a ball of earth around the roots, but those to be transplanted from the woods should be shielded from the sun and wind by wrapping the roots in wet bagging. Be care- ful in transplanting not to break or bruise the little hair roots. Hollies should have all leaves removed. To be successful, transplant quickly. When the evergreen is placed in the hole, fill up with water. The top soil must be put in first, and the soil which comes from the bottom of the hole (and which is poor and clayey), should go on top. Never use fertilizers in planting trees or shrubs except a handful of bone meal thoroughly incor- porated with the soil. After filling in the hole pack with the feet, holding the evergreens erect. The next day after drying out, the earth should be firmed around the tree again. Plant as early in the month as possible so as to get the advantage of the spring rains. Water evergreens during the hot, dry months of the first season after planting until they get well established. A thorough soaking once a week is better than a sprinkling every day. The Readers’ Service will gladly furnish information about Retail Shops March, 1915 T HE GARDEN MAGAZINE 97 Ferns and Flowers for Dark, Shady Places WHY not start this spring and make a collection of American ferns and plants? If you have a woodland, even a very small one, you can develop a natural garden which will be the envy of all your friends. Ferns, in over forty hardy varieties, and such plants as Hepaticas, Bloodroot, Native Violets, Lady Slippers, Trilliums, Dogtooth Violets, Solomon’s Seals, Lilies, Cardinal Flowers, etc., will produce lasting results. If you wish beautiful native Azaleas, Hemlocks, Cedars, Rhododendrons, Mountain Laurel, and other native shrubs, GILLETT has them. Also special fern collections for beautifying that dry, shady corner by the house. Send for my illustrated catalog of over 80 pages which tells about this class of plants, also a long list of hardy perennials for the open border. IT’S FREE. Edward Gillett, 3 Main St., Southwick, Mass. A bed of Trillium Grandiflorum growing in the Woodland Horsford’s Cold Weather Plants And Flower Seeds That Grow gUCCESS with cold weather plants and lilies de- pends much upon their reaching you perfectly fresh. If they arrive in a dry and wilted condi- tion, even though they live, the first season may be lost for flowers. We pack our herbaceous plants in fresh, cool sphagnum moss and our custom- ers tell us they arrive quite fresh We dip the roots of all shrubs and trees in a preparation of wet clay which keeps the roots from the air and prevents drying out. We offer a long list of the hardier shrubs, trees, plants, vines, wild flowers, hardy ferns, bulbs, etc. Don’t fail to see our new catalogue be- fore placing your spring orders. Prices are very low, considering the quality of stock. F. H. HORSFORD Charlotte, Vermont WHOLESALE PRICES On Strawberry Plants; other varieties such as Raspberry, Blackberry, Currants, Grapes and other roots at very reasonable prices, extra heavy rooted stock. NO BETTER PLANTS CAN BE GROWN ANYWHERE. Twenty-one years’ experience in propagating plants. Everything Fully Guaranteed. Descriptive catalogue and prices free. A. R. WESTON & CO., R. F. D. No. 13, Bridgman, Mich. Roses, Flowering Shrubs and Fruit Trees which will bud, bloom and fruit True to Name, sent direct from our nurseries to your garden at wholesale prices. This Spring we offer the finest selection of hardy, field grown Hybrid Perpetual and Hybrid Tea or Everblooming Roses. Our list includes the choicest varieties: Maman Cochet (white), Maman Cochet (pink), William R. Smith, American Beauty and Killarney. The stock is all two year old. No. i strong bushes. Our book tells you how to plant and care for them. Our flowering Shrubs include the finest specimens of Bush Hydrangea Paniculata Grandiflora and Snowball or Ever- blooming Hydrangea, Spirea Van Houttei (white), Spirea Anthony Waterer (dwarf pink). Also the finest fruit trees that can be grown; Apple, Peach. Pear, Plum and Cherry. All the best tested varieties Kelly Brothers' quality and purity of vari- eties means much to the planter. You get the benefit of thirty -five years of prac- tical experience. We stand back of every shipment. Send today for our 1915 Spring Catalog. It is free. Read our broad guarantee. Kelly Bros.’ Wholesale Nurseries, 245 Main St.,Dansville, N. Y. You never regret planting Kelly Bros.' stock 98 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE March, 1915 I Want Y ou to Know and love Roses as I have known and loved them for 20 years. During the first ten years, Rose- growing was, with me, a hobby — passion — call it what you will. Ten years ago this business was established and today it is the biggest success of its kind this country has ever known. Why? Ten years of study, devotion — of STATE NORMAL AND INDUSTRIAL COLLEGE GREENSBORO, N. C. Match 10, 1914. ** Your plants, like your catalog , appear to have personality — a certain nameless air of distinction that makes them superior. They are roses, plus.” {Prof.) W. C. SMITH. learning how. Ten more years of pro- ducing and selling the greatest Rose plants the world has ever seen. Plants which have practically revo- lutionized outdoor Rose - growing, brought unexpected — yes, even un- hoped for results to many thousands all over this country and Canada. “A Little Book About Roses” tells you the whole story. You will be delighted with its beauty, its can- dor, its helpfulness. Send for it now. It’s free. GEORGE H. PETERSON Rose and Peony Specialist Box 50 Fair Lawn, N. J. 6 Fine Climbing Porch O ^ ROSES JBcS ZO Lest You Forget THINGS THAT THRIVE Peonies Iris Gladioli Shrubs Roses Vines, etc. Hardy as Oa ks — all bountiful bloomers FRED W. CARD, Sylvunin, Pa. Climbing Baby Rambler; reddest of reds. White Dorothy Perkins, fine snow white. Pink Dorothy Perkins, beautiful pink. T ausendschon , variegated pink. Excelsa, a grand crimson. Shower of gold, fine yellow. Our 25c Collections <► Chrysanthemums. . . . .25c Coleus. <» IVtuiiias . 25c t> Tuberoses 12 Gladioli 25c The ten collections, including the six Roses. 72 Plants for $2.00. Any Five Collections For $1.00 IfljP* We guarantee satisfaction and safe arrival Our 1915 catalog. '‘Floral Gems,” showing E' D |7 C* Over 200 flowers in natural colors, sent A 1 • McGregor Bros. Co., Box 650, Springfield, O. THE LEEDLE ROSARY COMPANY SPRINGFIELD. OHIO Designs.Bui(ds ondfurnidm ROSE GARDENS dnd offer (heir services (o (hose interested m Jfferyffmg for tkhfost: Gordon CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED The Native Rhododendron Catawbiense The true species is the hardiest Rhododendron known in America. Several thousand of this brilliantly colored Rhododendron are offered in car lots at a great reduction to clear land. They are heavy nursery- grown clumps, well-budded from I to 5 feet in height. Also R. Maximum and Kalmia Latifolia the beautiful Mountain Laurel grown in the Carolina Mountains. Send for special list and prices Harlan P. Kelsey Salem, Massachusetts Owner Boxford Nursery, Boxford, Mass. Highlands Nursery, Pineola, N. C. OSES of New Castie are the hardiest, most vigorous, freest-blooming roses in America. Always grown on their own roots in the fertile soil of New Castle. Our im- mense stock of miscellaneous shrubs, plants, bulbs and seeds is certain to pro- duce results if properly planted. Our rose book for 1915, “Roses of New Castle ” tells you how to make success a certainty. It Is the most complete book on rose cul- ture ever published. Elaborately printed in actual colors. Gives information and advice that you need. Send for yourcopy of this book today— a postal will do. HELLER BROS. CO., Rose Specialists Bos 3*21, New Castle, Ind. Trim rose bushes now. Cut out all the dead branches and most of the old wood, and cut down the bushes to half the height. Severe pruning gives finer roses. Trim the climbers only suffi- ciently to train them. Leaf rot and other rose diseases can be arrested by spraying now with bordeaux mixture, the weaker solution after the buds have swelled. Remove the strong manure which was put on for protection during the winter. If the soil is sufficiently dry the beds should be worked with a spading fork and well fertilized, and the seed sown for ground covers under the roses; such as Little Gem sweet alyssum, mignonette, forget-me-not, and portulaca. Some of these may have been soVn in the fall, and are now in bloom; in that event one must be careful to work around the little plants and keep the soil cultivated. Be careful not to work the garden when the ground is wet as it will bake. Test it by taking up a handful of soil and squeezing it in the hand. If it crumbles easily the ground is in a workable con- dition. Remove the coarse manure from the flower beds and straighten up the walks. Bare and uneven places on the lawn could be raked over and grass seed sown, giving at the same time a sprinkling of a good fertilizer, and then roll with a lawn roller. A new lawn made now will do wonders with a sprinkling of nitrate of soda, if the seed is sown in time to get the advantage of the spring rains. Get in all the hardy vegetables as soon as the ground can be worked, making sowings two weeks apart, so as to have a succession of vegetables during the summer. There are the English peas, smooth varieties first, and wrinkled later, and beets, radishes and lettuce; all to be sown in the open ground. Thoroughly incorporate in the soil a good fertilizer. Vegetables should be brought to ma- turity quickly to be of good size and quality. The seed sown in the hotbed in February should now be ready to transplant into coldframes. Plant in rows three or four inches apart and shade from the hot rays of the sun. Cover closely at nights and in the day open up for the air and as soon as possible remove the glass all day. This makes stocky plants, which may be set out in open ground the first part of April, in the tidewater section, and for fear of frost not earlier than the last week of April or the first of May in the mountain sec- tions. Transplant some of the early tomatoes to 4-inch pots and sink into the soil of the coldframe. At planting time they can be slipped right into the hole prepared for them in the garden. See that the asparagus bed is worked, fertilized and mounded up in rows, for the cutting begins in April. Strawberries should be worked, and pine tags or clean straw laid on either side of the rows and close under the leaves. This prevents the strawberries getting sandy, as they lie so close to the ground. If the spring isn’t too far advanced, the stone fruits can be planted this month. The Elberta and the Early and Late Crawfords are excellent peaches. In setting out the trees trim the tops severely to about two buds on each limb. Also trim off all bruised or broken roots. In digging the hole put the top soil to one side and mix with this a handful of bone meal. Put this soil in the hole first and pack around the roots of the tree and then put the bottom soil on last, all the while packing around the tree firmly. Spray all fruit trees with bordeaux mixture for brown rot, or fungus diseases, and add arsenate of lead for codling moths on the apples and curculio on the plums and peaches. One spraying is sufficient if done thoroughly with a coarse nozzle and heavy pressure. Spray within eight days after the petals drop and right into the calyx of the blos- som. The standard bordeaux can be used only in the dormant state of the plant, as much damage is often done after the buds swell. The formula to be used at this time is two pounds of copper sulphate, and five pounds of unslaked lime to fifty gallons of water. Add to this quantity one and one-half pounds of arsenate of lead. Mix the sulphate, lime and arsenate of lead each separately with a little water to dissolve thoroughly before mixing them together, and then add the remainder of the water, stirring thoroughly. Virginia. J. M. Patterson. ! I v l A I? C H , 19 15 T HE G A R D E N M A G A Z I N E J)0 Rose Growing A Delight Do you know the joy of looking each day for new rosebuds, to watch them open and grow into splendor, to feel as if they were almost human and begging your care and love? Plant a garden of C. & J. Roses and you learn this delight. Ours are the aristocrats of the rose world — chosen for their great beauty and hardiness and are guar an - teed to grow and bloom. Selected from all the varieties in commerce they constitute a wide range in color, size and growing habits for all climates. We offer nearly 400 Roses — Nature's Best ioi of them are winners and we have marked them with a -fa in our i <3/5 Rose Guide — making order- ing easy and safe. The Rose Guide is a beauty — contains 85 instructive illustrations, ig in color — 42 pages of interesting descriptions. It’s free, and with it we send g Art Rose Poster Stamps, if you mention Garden Magazine. Drop us a postal today. Plan now for a beautiful rose garden. Remember, C. 6* J. Roses are guaranteed to bloom. The CONARD & Jones Co., Box 24 West Grove, Pa. A l , Rose Specialists — Over ^^F ^ 50 Years* Experi - ^^F The Mark Quality Knights S In buying Knight’s Fruit Plants yon are reaping the benefit of our 30 years’ experience. No better plants can be secured anywhere. We sell nothing but the very best, hardy, well rooted stock. We are offering $100 In Gold Free this year to the owner of the most productive strawberry patch. Let us tell you more about this contest. It will obligate you in no way. Full particulars regarding it are given you in Knight’s Book on Small Fruits Send for it — it’s absolutely FREE. It is well illustrated and also completely catalogues all our varieties of small fruit plants. Knight’s plants are heavy bear- ing, big money-makers for the owners. Write us today. David Knight & Son box 600 Sawyer, Michigan Exquisite Lawns Combination Mower and v. Roller 38-inck Cut ^ Let Us Aid You to Improve Your Grounds Power, Lawn Mf^Ei Surrounding a beautiful home must be a beautiful lawn.ifanimpressionoftrue gentility is to be conveyed. House exteriors present an unchanging appearance; but the lawn if neglected or abused, is as quick to show it as it is prompt to respond to proper treatment. An Ideal-kept lawn is the owner’s de- light—the caretaker’s pride and the best a vertisement ofall for the Ideal Power Lawn Mower. This machine is a combination mower and roller; 5 horse power, S. A. E. rating; high tension National magneto; 6 adjustable cutter blades; 38 inch cut; climbs 35% grades; cuts 2 to 8 acres a day; speed one to 4% miles per hour, operating cost 30 cents a day. Automatic sharpening device furnished. A smaller machine — the Ideal Junior Power Lawn Mower for smaller lawns — sells for $225. If your lawn presents a problem, write for catalog describing Ideal Power Lawn Mowers. THE IDEAL POWER LAWN MOWER CO. R. E. Olds, Chairman 416 Kalamazoo St. Lansing, Mich. THOMAS MEEHAN & SONS Landscape Gardeners and Engineers Tree Experts 7106 Germantown Avenue, Philadelphia Have you studied the possibilities of your home place? Is there some feature that might be made to enhance its beauty and value? Would a tree here, a group of shrubs there, a garden or an old fashioned flower bed, improve it? The Meehan organization with its 50 years of experience, represents the highest developed skill in landscape gardening and engineer- ing, in the plant- ing and care of trees and shrubs, in ex- pert gardening, in every branch of the work that goes to main- tain and i n - crease the beau- ties of an estate. No matter how small the work we will give it that same expert attention that has made the name of Meehan famous throughout the United States. We should be glad to consult with you and to quote you our rates. Write today for our circular on Spring work. The Readers' Service will give information about the latest automobile accessories 100 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE March, 1915 Ornamental Iron Gates and Fences are consistent with the beauty of a home. They make your improve- ments permanent. Give you the protection to which all the natural laws of ownership entitle you. We are the acknowledged premier iron fence designers and builders. Blue Prints, Book of Designs, Catalog, etc., sent free, if you will tell us what you have in mind. A brief description of yourproperty will be of great assistance to us in making suggestions. The Stewart Iron Works Co. Iron Vases, Settees, Garden and Drinking Fountains Dept. D Cincinnati, Ohio Iron Statuary, Stable Fittings, Lamp Standards and Lanterns ‘The World’s Greatest Iron Fence Builders” Shade Trees and Evergreens Nothing adds more to the comfort and pleasure of the family; nothing tends to more rapidly increase the value of the property; nothing is really more important than a wise selection of Maples, Lindens, Spruces, Hem- locks, and Pines for your home planting. Our 1915 Catalogue is one of the best ad- visers for prospective planters, it will help you to select the prop- er varieties — write for a copy now. HARRISONS’ NURSERIES Box 533 Berlin, Md. Write for folder awn iirfectio ENGLISH lawns are world- famous, owing to the va- rieties of seed used. We import the best of each season’s crop. Despite the limited imports, we offer our choice English mixtures suitable for our climate at usual prices. These mixtures have never been surpassed. Trial pound, 40 cents, prepaid; 5-pound bag, $1.25, f. o. b. Waukegan. BLATCHFORD CALF MEAL FACTORY Established at Leicester, England, in 1800 Department 3 Waukegan Illinois WHEN you want some especially fine ever- vv greens, the kind that have been neither coddled nor forced; but possess that much- sought-for sturdy constitution, resulting from growing in the rugged climate ot New England; then come to us. No finer trees can be found anywhere, or more rea- sonably priced. Send /or catalog. KslEv Ivrserres North Abington Mass. "VTOT just the ordinary run of shrubs, but the full-rooted, sturdy-topped kind, that you can depend on. As for Rhododendrons, we have an exceptional assortment of both native and imported hybrids. You will say they are surely priced consistently. STRAWBERRIES Summer and Fall Bearing mi We are headquarters for Strawberries and Berry Fruit Plants of all kinds. Raspberries, Blackberries, Currants, Gooseberries, Grapes, Fruit Trees, Roses, Shrubs, Eggs for Hatching, Crates, Baskets, etc. Best Varieties, Low Prices. , Big Money in all of them. Catalogue, free. | L. J. FARMER, Box 529, Pulaski, N, V. Millions of Trees PLANTS, VINES, ROSES, ETC. The oldest, largest and most complete nursery in Michigan. Send for catalog. Prices reasonable ILCENFRITZ' SONS CO. I. E. THE MONROE NURSERY Monroe, Michigan I'd Guide FREE book, showing best varieties of fruits, berries, vines, shrubs, and decorative plants. Explains the most economical buying method — MY SPECIAL COLLECTION OFFERS which save you money, and assure continuous long-season yield. Filled with valuable information. Write for it today. A unique helpful book. ARTHUR J. COLLINS, Box 23 Moorestown, N. J. Growing Asters Under Cloth WHEN it was first suggested that the Con- necticut Valley tobacco growers could get better results by covering their tobacco fields with cloth, the suggestion was greeted with a smile, and it was looked upon as the idea of a dreamer. Some of the more venturesome tried it, however, with excellent results, and to-day shade grown tobacco is raised on hundreds of acres. Howard A. Pinney, the head man at the large greenhouses of John Coombes, a veteran florist, was bom in Suffield, the largest tobacco growing town in the tobacco belt, some fifteen miles north of Hartford. Mr. Pinney’s peqple were all tobacco growers, and on different visits to the old home- stead he had watched the growth of the shade grown tobacco, and particularly the seed plants. He noticed the blossoms on the seed plants under cloth were much finer in every way than those grown in the open fields. The thought came to him, “Why not shade garden flowers?” When he suggested the matter to his employer, Mr. Coombs ridiculed the idea. This did not dis- courage Mr. Pinney, however, and persistency won the day. Last year, for the first time, the experi- ment of growing asters under cloth was tried. Posts were set in the ground about thirty feet apart and heavy wire strung from post to post, the cloth being stretched upon this frame work, covering about one half acre. Both early and late asters were grown, as well as stocks, early chrysanthemums, and several other varieties of flowers. To the casual observer, it would seem as though the cloth would make no difference in the growth of the plants, as it is very much like heavy mosquito This little experiment produced large flowers, with almost no disease and but three aster beetles to combat! netting, the meshes being about one eighth of an inch square, and apparently cast no shade. Never- theless, the cloth breaks the force of the wind, as well as heavy rain storms, and does provide some little shade which protects the plants from the heat of the sun’s rays during the hottest summer days. On March ist, Mr. Pinney started the seed of the early aster, Queen of the Market, also the mid- seasons, Royal and Imperial, and planted them out under the cloth on May 18th. Seed of the late branching asters — Vick’s, Day- break, Violet King, White King, and Rose King — were sown May ist, and planted out July ist. The culture was the same as in the open field. Water was applied during the dry season. The early varieties began to bloom the latter part of July and the bloom continued with the midseason and late varieties until October ist. Queen of the Market varieties produced blooms larger than any- thing Mr. Pinney had ever grown by outdoor culture, measuring, on an average, three inches. The midseason and late varieties produced blooms averaging four inches. The disease among the plants was less than 5 per cent, against 75 per cent, in open field culture. Iarch. 1915 T H E G A R D E N Henry A. Dreer 7 1 4-7 1 6 Chestnut St. Philadelphia, Pa. contains gardening knowledge that is the result of practical experience, and Cultural articles written by experts. It is full of information valuable to both amateur and professional gar- deners. The list of worthy novelties and old favorites in both flowers and vegetables is complete and depend- able. Especially noteworthy are the sections devoted to Roses, Dahlias and Hardy Perennials. Mailed free if you mention this publication. Dreer’s Superb Asters— Selected strains of finest varieties for garden decoration or cutting. Packet of eight best colors, containing enough seed to produce more than one hundred plants — ten cents per packet. Dreer’s Garden Book with each order. DREERS 1915 Are you puzzled about this ’ "" ’ taA- • Spring’s planting — what, where JL. J and how to plant; what varieties A { of plants and shrubs are hardy and do best in your locality? Our comprehensive catalogue for 191 5 will ^ answer the many questions which per- flHHSly plex nearly every owner of a home. We tell you what is good and eliminate all the \// The descriptions in our book are dependable and will aid v/ you in selecting plants for any place or purpose. Let us re- commend to you a few plants that will do well in your home grounds. Roses, Vines, Hedge Plants, Evergreens, Trees, Hardy Perennials, Bedding Plants, House Plants All of these subjects are fully covered. We offer only the best in every kind, and give many valuable hints that will save you from making costly mistakes. We’d like to send you our free book The distinctiveness of our products and methods are again proven by the number and size of orders that are pouring in this Spring from far and near. But send for our free book. It will tell you how and why we give satisfaction. BAUR FLORAL CO. (SSjmmBfemt 15 East Ninth St.. ERIE. PA. : WEST TWENTY-FIRST STREET M A G A Z I N E 101 The Originator of the Paeony-Flowered Dahlia Mr. H. Hornsveld, of Baarn, Holland, has, under contract, given us the right to place on the market all his. newest creations. This gives us an incalculable advantage over other firms. Besides the fact that we grow large quantities of the standard Paeony-flowered Dahlias, the rarest and newest varieties can be ob- tained from us only. Our handsome booklet on these Dahlias gives a history of their origination and careful directions by Mr. Hornsveld for their culture. A full description is given of the novelties shown at various European Dahlia Ex- hibitions. Orders should be placed not later than the first of April, as all orders are packed separately at our Holland Nurseries. This insures you against mistakes in rehandling in this country. All varieties guaranteed true to description. Our prices include free delivery to your home. GT. VAN WAVEREN & KRUIJFF Growers of “ WAKRU QUALITY ” Dutch Bulbs and Roots 202 Walnut Place Philadelphia, Pa. JOHN VAN AALST, AMERICAN MANAGER Home Office & Nurseries: Sassenheim, Holland Evergreens That Beautify Plant Hill’s evergreens of known quality and growth. Make your property more at- tractive — more valuable — a place of beauty and refinement We are evergreen specialists — 56 years* experience. Greatest selection obtainable in Amer- ica. Over50 million of the choic- est and hardiest varieties. Large and small trees supplied in any quantity. Lowest prices. Expert advice and handsome Evergreen Book illustrated in colors free. Avoid disappoint- ments — plant Hill's ever- greens— famous for over half a century. Safe delivery and satisfaction guaranteed. Write today. Get our free book. D. HILL NURSERY CO.,Inc. Evergreen Specialists 106S Cedar St.# Dundee. Ill* The Readers ’ Service will gladly furnish information about Retail Shops 1 02 T I I E G A R I) E N M A G A Z I N E March, 19 15 Asters and Dahlias It is our aim to grow and have grown for us only the very best and Highest Grade Seed — both flower and vegetable — that experienced growers can produce. Franklin Park Lawn Seed The original formula that has made our Boston Parks famous. It is made up of all recleaned seeds of known vitality, is quick to germinate, is free from weed seeds, it starts at once. Our 1915 Seed Catalog Free Contains 208 pages of over 600 illustra- tions. Most of them are from photographs from seed or plants grown from our seeds. This Seed Annual free for the asking. DAHLIAS also you will find 30 pages comprising our complete list of over 600 varieties, many new and never before offered. FOTTLER, FISKE, RAWSON CO. Faneuil Hall Square, Boston Although the black aster beetle was numerous, hereabouts, last summer, only three beetles found their way into this field. This fact alone saved much labor. The flowers, thus escaping the ravages of the beetle, were perfect in shape and commanded a ready sale. Connecticut J. Mortimer Adams. Two Uncommon Bulbs TWO varieties of bulbs which are too often slighted in the home garden are the Persian ranunculus and the St. Brigid anemone. Both are of easy culture with wade range of color and flower profusely. The anemone, to most people, is the dainty but perishable windflower such as is found growing wild. It masses well in the garden, but is of little or no value as a cut flower. The St. Brigid anemone, on the contrary, is as fine in the house as in the garden. The stems are long and well filled with a fine, feath- ery foliage. The flowers, which are from three to five inches across, resemble a double poppy and range in color through crimson, scarlet, pink, purple, blue, white, and yellow. Many of them are striped and marked with black or a deeper shade of the same color as the flower. Each day of the flowering season brings forth a new variety. And one of the beauties of this flower is its seed pod. Before it is entirely ripened it looks like a soft brown velvet cushion and acts as a foil for the brightly colored flowers. When ripe it bursts into a mass of white cotton. The plants can be raised from seed but are then more variable in color and produce a greater per- centage of single flowers. The bulbs are small and not expensive when bought by the hundred. They should be handled very much the same as tulips and hyacinths, and planted from three to four inches deep and four to six inches apart. The flowering period depends upon the time of planting, but bulbs put in the ground before heavy frost produce flowers in early spring. Or the bulbs may be held over until February or March and will bloom during the summer. They force easily, the only condition being that the plants must be well drained with excessive moisture held back until flowering time. Any good garden soil will grow these anemones, but they prefer a fresh, rather rich, well drained, sandy loam. The Persian ranunculus embraces as wide a range of color as the anemone with the exception of blue. As with the anemone, many are striped and spotted, making a charming variety. The flowers are almost round, very double, and from two to three inches across. The stems are about eight inches long and lack foliage. The bulbs, or tuberous roots, are even cheaper than those of the anemone. They look very much like miniature dahlia tubers and like the dahlias are not hardy in any of the northern states. They should be put in the ground in early spring as soon as frost has left the ground, two inches deep and six inches apart. The blooming period is from the last week of May into the first two weeks of June. By August the foliage is ripened off and the roots should then be lifted and stored in a cool shed where they will not freeze. The plants like a slightly sandy soil with plenty of water at the growing sea- son. The blossoming period will be lengthened if they can be partially shaded from the sun while in flower. Both anemones and ranunculus are easily propagated by division of roots. Washington. Nellie Moran. A New \ Aster I his new As- ter, named Miss Alice Don, is a most beau- t i f u 1 lustrous pink; the mas- sive flowers are carried on long strong stems, making them gems for cut- ting or bedding. We send One packet of this New Aster One packet of Red Sunflower One packet of Annual Lupinus Mailed to your address for 25 cents Our new big Seed Book will be sent FREE with this collection of seed, or will he mailed to you if you w rite for it. This is not a common seed catalogue but a handbook on gardening — write for it today. WEEBER & DON 1 1 4 B. Chambers Street New York City Alexander’s Quality Dahlias THE TWENTIETH CENTURY FLOWER The Dahlia of to-day is of surpassing beauty as a single flower, exquisite for private gardens, charming in masses, and ideal for planting against shrubbery. Alexander’s Up=to=date Dahlias lead the World; because they are perfect in type and shape, beautiful in color and, most important of all — Free flowering, t Our many customers are satisfied; they receive good stock; true to name, and best of all — Guaranteed to Grow. All Flower Lovers are invited to send to the Dahlia King for his Free Illustrated Catalogue, which contains helpful descriptions and valuable cultural hints on Dahlias, Gladi- olus, Roses, Cannas, Peonies, and Iris. J. K. ALEXANDER ^ The Dahlia King.” 27-29 Central Street, EAST BRIDGEWATER, MASS. The Readers’ Service gives infor- mation about Real Estate, DAHLIAS Over 100 Magnificent, New Varieties originated by myself are put on the market in 1915 for the first time. I grow over 1 000 varie- ties of dahlias. Catal ogue free. Geo. L. Stillman Dahlia Specialist Box C-5, Westerly New Paeony-Flowered Dahlia, Loveliness Rhode Island Write to the Readers' Service for information about live stock I ARCH, 1915 T II E G A R D E N M A G A Z I N E 103 Your Generous Response to our request for the names and addresses of our old custom- ers that were lost when our office was destroyed in November has been most gratifying. With the exception of a few rare varieties of Gladioli that were destroyed in the fire, we shall be able to supply our customers as usual. Our 1915 Catalogue is now ready May we send you a j:opy? B. Hammond Tracy Box 27, Wenham, Mass. Your Pride in Your Property Will be greater if your trees and shrubs are well cared for Many owners of small properties neglect their trees- — - thinking that na- ture will take care of them. They discover too late that the respon- sibility cannot lie shifted and the trees are decayed beyond recovery. A little judicious expenditure, a small investment now in tree insurance w ill protect your trees, lengthen their life and increase their beauty. I will treat a single tree at actual cost. You can then judge of its merit before making a contract. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED R. J. VAN BILLIARD 1 524 Chestnut Street Philadelphia, Pa. My work is in accordance with the U. S. Dept, of Agriculture OUR CATALOG OF Gladiolus Bulbs Is Now Ready For Distribution It describes more than one hundred choice varieties — many of them quite rare Chamberlain & Company Gladiolus Growers Wellesley Massachusetts If you wish to systematize your business the Readers’ Service may be able to offer suggestions 104 T II E GARDEN M A G A Z I N E March, 1915 Bim's (Sto^asljtonrti plants WE are the largest growers of Hardy Perennial Plants in this country. We have issued a special catalogue of these giving name, color, height and time of flowering of nearly a thousand species and varieties. Also a number of Plans of Hardy Borders together with list of suitable plants for sun or shade; and full instructions for planting and future care. We will be glad to send you a copy. Henry A. Dreer Specialists Philadelphia, Pa. Once Grown Always Grown Maule’S Seeds Endorsed by more than 450,000 pro- gressive gardeners as thej,best ever Our new Seed Catalogue contains everything good in seeds, bulbs, small fruits and plants. 750 illustrations; 176 pages. Free to any one sending us a request for it. Send Jor it today. WM. HENRY MAULE.Inc. 2115 Arch Street Philadelphia, Pa. Send 10 cents, mention this paper, we will enclose in the catalogue a packet of the above GIANT pansy . 6 Glorious Roses MAILED POSTPAID FOR All will bloom this Summer Hardy, Everbloomlng, Guaranteed True to LADY HILLINGDON— Yellow, extra. M 1IITE COCll ET— Best white bedder. CRIMSON CROWN— Glowing crimson. LAID PIKHIK — Coppery salmon, fine. AIAHAN COC1IET— Best pink bedder. MABEL DREW — Cream and yellow. I will send the 6 Roses in large 2- year size postpaid for only $1.25. DAHLIAS Sure Blooming Collection WILHELM MILLER — Deep purple. OBAN — Beautiful mauve. A. I). LI V ONI — Deep pure rose, profuse. MATCHLESS — Rich crimson. SYLVIA — White and pink. ClIAS. CLAYTON — Superb crimson cactus. One tuber, any variety, 15 cents. Any 8 for 40 cents. The 6 for 75 cents postpaid. DAHLIA SEED New Century, Cactus. Illack Striped, Double. Single, all colors. For 10c. will send 50 seeds -enough for a fine Dahlia Garden. Catalog FREE. MISS JESSIE M. GOOD Florist and Dahlia Specialist . Box 207 , Spring field, O. 25c WSiROSES Our roses are strongest and best. Always grow on their own roots. More than 60 years of “knowing how” behind each plant; that fact is your guarantee of satis- faction. Safe delivery guaranteed —our guide explains. No matter y , where you live, you can dspend on getting D & C roses In perfect condition. Write for % Our “New Guide to Rose Culture” lor 1915 — Free This is absolutely the most educational work on rose culture ever published. It isn't a catalog — it is the boiled-down life- time experience of the oldest rose-growing house in the United States. The guide is free. It is profusely illustrated in natural col- ors. Describes over tooo varieties of roses and other flowers and tells how to grow them. This guide will be treasured long by rose lovers — write today before iss-e is all gone. It's free. No other rose house has our reputation. Established 1850. 70 greenhouses. The DINGEE A CONAKD CO.. Bov 337, West Grove. Pa. Label Your Roses and Plants WITH PERMANENT Simplex Weatherproof Labels PRICES; POSTPAID, INCLUDING COPPER WIRES. No. 1 — Size 3x2 inches, 25c. doz. 52.00 per 100 No. 2 — Size 4xf inches, 50c. doz. S4.00 per 100 STEWART & CO., 171 Broadway, New York can be grown in your own garden in tubs, half- barrels, or concrete pools. I know Water Lilies thoroughly and can help you select varieties that will bloom for you. Send today for my new book “The Water Lily” a brochure illustrating many rare sorts, with full description of the familiar varieties. Full directions are given for garden culture as well as for pond planting. Write today for the booklet. William Tricker IV a ter Lily Specialist Box E Arlington, N. J. Fruit For Every Man’s Garden HIGH quality in fruits is very often associated with a restricted locality. That is to say, a given variety that will be superb quality in one district, may be distinctly below that grade in another region not very far off. At the same time, experience has shown that there are many varieties of fruits that have wide general application. It is important to know these, as they may be relied upon to form the backbone of plantings where special local information is not available. The following list of varieties of fruits is of this general character. All the varieties named are generally successful over the widest region. Some of them are of very excellent quality; all are good. But here and there varieties may be found that will surpass any on a restricted local area. This list is given, therefore, as a general guide rather than as a specific list; moreover, for the home garden general adaptability can often be passed over in favor of high quality because of special require- ments of the family. (Mr. Mattern’s articles in The Garden Magazine, during 1914, have dealt largely with high quality varieties for special regions. These articles should be studied by the prospective planter.) The varieties are nam,ed in the order of their ripening. APPLES Transparent, a Russian apple, hardy, prolific, beautiful yel- low in color. One of the earliest sorts. Harvest. a moderate bearer of high quality. Subject to scab quite freely. Williams, a vigorous, productive, annual bearer of red fruit. Wealthy, very productive, medium quality, handsome apple with a fine red cheek, quality crisp. McIntosh, a hardy, moderately productive, very handsome apple of the highest quality. Probably the most desirable apple of all for eating. Uubbardston, a vigorous, moderately productive, medium quality apple which is nearly an annual bearer. Has a tendency to overbear, causing the tree to break. Jonathan, a tree which is a weak grower, being very poor looking in the nursery. The fruit is a handsome red color, the quality is good. Does very well in eastern New York, as well as other sections. Rhode Island Greening, an old sort from New England, of vigorous, moderately hardy growth, an early bearer, produc- tive. Fruit of very good quality. Baldwin, an old stand-by known everywhere. However, there is great variation in Baldwins. Those found in some sections do not resemble the original Baldwin in any respect. The tree is slow in coming into bearing, fairly hardy, and of good quality. King, sometimes called Tompkins County King. This is a vigorous tree in growth, except in some cases it is attacked by a disease which destroys the bark near the ground. Moderate bearer of large, handsome, showy fruit of fair quality. CRABAPPLES A few crabapples in the home orchard should be included. The crab is a cross between the tiniest apple and the cultivated sorts. There are two varieties which it seems advisable to suggest — the Martha is one, the Hyslop the other. Both of fair size and very good quality for crabs, they make excellent jelly. I II P PE.ARS Clapp's Favorite. A vigorous grower, quite productive. 1 early. The flesh is very tender. The tree is subject to blight and. therefore, not desired by some. The fruits have a ten- dency to develop a rotten heart, so they should be picked early 1 1 and ripened in the house. Bartlett. The great standard early summer pear. Vigor- I ous. productive, excellent quality. The tree is also subject to ^Flemish. The hardiest good pear which we have. Subject to scab, but the fruit is of very good quality. Seckel. The pear which is desired by many for eating raw. The trees are hardy and vigorous, fairly productive. The fruit is small and of excellent quality. Sheldon. A poor grower, moderate bearer of high quality fruit. For the best results, it should be grafted on a variety I like the Flemish. Lawrence. An October pear, of fairly vigorous growth. I moderate bearer, of very good quality fruit. . Nelis. Moderate growing tree but a good bearer. The fruit ■ is of fair quality. Under good storage, it may be preserved ■ until April. PEACH Nearly all the peach trees found in America J are now of American origin, although the fruit is classed as an introduced fruit. Champion. The best early variety of fruit is large hand- I some in appearance, of good quality. The texture of the fruit ’J "S Minnesota Rose. A white-fleshed, high quality fruit, soft j in texture. The trees are moderately productive. Early Crawford. A yellow-fleshed peach of high quality. ■ The Readers' Service will give information about the latest automobile accessories THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 105 A 8CH, 19 15 Farr's Hardy PlaFt® Specialties Edition 191516 tells of the favorite plants that make the hardy garden an endless joy from the earliest days of spring to the time when the plants must be covered for their winter sleep. It is a book — rather than a mere catalogue — describing in an extremely interesting way the habits, the form, the likes and dislikes of my favorite per- ennial plants, with notes about the time of blooming and colors of the flowers. There are many illustrations of my Irises, Peonies, Delphiniums Aquilegias, hardy Chrysanthemums, with twelve full page plates in natural colors (re- produced from Lumiere plates) just as the flowers grew here at Wyomissing. Over Five Hundred Varieties of Peonies are accurately described, the text having been prepared from my own field notes The book treats the Irises in detail, as well as Peonies, classifying and describing the hundreds of varieties and telling how and where to grow them. Other favorite hardy plants described are the Phloxes, Asters, Poppies, a choice selection of Roses, together with a unique collection of the new and rare lilacs. This Book is for You if you write for it. 1 trust that it will be an inspiration to you, as its predecessors have been to others who love the many other hardy plants that are a never failing source ol delight. BERTRAND H. FARR, Wyomissing Nurseries 104 Garfield Ave. Wyomissing, Penna. Cowee’s Superb Gladiolus These superb flowers, fully as beautiful in their colorings as delicate orchids, can be grown in your garden — and in everyone’s garden — where you may see the glorious blooms open from day to day. No other plant compares with the Gladiolus for cut- ting and house decoration, for the very last bud on the stem will open and be fully as beautiful as the first. ’s $3 Collection An assortment of the most ex- quisitely colored varieties in my list. I can tell you the colors, but you will never know themarvelousbeautyuntil you see them bloom inyour garden. Afterglow, salmon-fawn; Excelsa, rose-pink and white; Lacordaire, scarlet- vermilion; Daytona, mauve; Lavendula, pale lavender; Peach- blow, delicate pink. Six varieties (one bulb of each) postpaid for S3. My new booklet, “The Garden of My Heart” was written by a friend who loves the Gladioli as I do. It shows some of my Gladioli in their natural colors, and tells of their beauty in an extremely interesting way. You may have a copy of this booklet free if you will send me your name and address. Write today lor I have only a few copies for general distribution. Arthur Co wee, Meadowvale Farms Box 181 Berlin, N. Y. The advertising pages of The Garden M a gazine areas interesting as the text. The text pages tell you how to do things, when to do things and with what — the advertising pages tell you where to buy these things. How can we better serve you in these advertising pages ? We welcome suggestions from our readers as to offer- ings they desire to have placed before them and will as well welcome constructive criticism of the advertis- ing as it now appears. If you have a suggestion be so kind as to let us have it. We will thank you. The advertiser who uses these pages has confidence in The Garden Magazine’s business-producing power and the only way he has of knowing that the adver- tising in these pages interests you is by your mention- ing The Garden Magazine in your response. — The Ad Man. grow Fairfax Roses will in YOUR garden just as well as they do in ours. They are propagated under natural conditions — not forced in hot green- houses. They are hardy, vigorous plants that will thrive in all climates. They are all wintered out of doors and will bloom freely the first season. The great care we take in selection has enabled us to pro- duce blooms of. such extraordinary beauty that Fairfax Roses are celebrated amongst rose growers everywhere, and there is no reason why you should not be able to grow them just as well as we do. Send for a copy of my 1915 Rose Book — Free It not only describes and illustrates the hundreds of beautiful hardy kinds of Fairfax Roses that will thrive in your garden, but it tells you how to grow roses with the greatest success. If you are having trouble with yourroses.writeme about it and 1 will gladly advise you what to do. The beautiful Fairfax Killar- ney Rose shown here — an exquisite pink. Heavy Af)r 2-year old plants . ■'-'C. W. R. Gray Box 6 OAKTON Fairfax Co. Virginia For information regarding railroad and steamship lines, write to fhe Readers 1 Service 10(5 T H E GARDEN MAGAZIN E March, 1915 Promote good health and happiness - reduce cost of living. Joy — the best and most prolific Blackberry. Jumbo — biggest and best Raspberry. Van Fleet Hybrids — wonderful strawberries. Caco — best and most beautiful Hardy Grape. Everybody’s — Best Currant for everybody. Carrie Gooseberry — succeeds everywhere. My Catalog No. 1, an illustrated book of 54 pages, tells all about them and describes, with prices, all “the good old varieties” of Small Fruits as well. It gives also full instructions for planting with cultural notes, and tells about the giant Jumbo Raspberry that I am giving away. It is free. For 36 Years a Specialist in Berry Culture J. T. LOVETT Box 125 Little Silver, New Jersey PLANT BERRIES Alfred Mitting has had experience with all over the world. 47 years berries from His new berry, Macatawa, is the wonder, to all that see it in fruit. It is 35 inches one way by 31 inches the other way. Send a postal card to- day for his 1915 catalogue with 1 colored plate, in- cluding the cream of all berries from a commercial standpoint or for home requirements. ALFRED MITTING 8 New Street SANTA CRUZ, CALIFORNIA “Strawberry Plants That Grow” All the best June and Fall-bearing varieties also best Rasp- berry. Blackberry, Currant, and Grape Plants; Asparagus and Rhubarb Roots in assortment. Our 1915 Catalog tells how you can] get plants of our Wonderful New Seedling Strawberry, “Collins,” absolutely Free; Write for it. C. E. WHITTEN’S NURSERIES Box (10) Bridgman, Mich. VICK’S Garden and Floral GUIDE kt For 66 years the leading authority on Vege- p * 0 table, Flower and Farm Seeds, Plants and Ready Bulbs. You need it. Send for free copy — today. 19 15 JAMES VICK’S SONS Rochester, N. Y. 62 Stone Street The Flower City Grape Vines Gooseberries and Currants For the vineyard, for the home garden, we have just what you need, Best varieties and finest grade of stock— ’ guaranteed true. We are the largest and most successful growers of grape vines and small fruits in the country. Book on Grape Culture — Free No grape grower can afford to be without this practical book. It contains valu- able information; tellsyouthingsthat we have learned only after years of prac- tical experience. Planting, cultivating, prun- ing. All this store of helpful knowledge is yours for the asking. Write today for free copy. . T S. HUBBARD CO., Box la Fredonia, N. Y. £ARFF'Sci^AULOG Fully describes the products of our 1200 acre nursery, fruit and seed farm. Over 26 years’experience in growing heaviest bearing strains of strawberries, raspberries, currants, goose- berries. blackberries, dewberries, grapes and all kinds of fruit trees and shrubs. Also seed potatoes, rhubarb, horseradish, asparagus, 6eld seeds. Send addresses of 6 fruit growers and get fine currant bush and catalog free. \V. N. M’ARFF, New Carlisle, O. Fruit Trees, Plants, Flowering Shrubs Direct from Nursery at Wholesale Prices. Apple, Peach, Pear, Plum, Quince, Cherry, Berries, Roses, Shrubs, Perennial Plants, Shade Trees. Best varieties, highest quality, healthy, hardy, guar- anteed stock. Send list for special prices Freight Paid. Secure varieties now, pay in spring. Illustrated Catalogue Free. DENTON, WILLIAMS & DENTON, Wholesale Nurseries, 87 Elm St., Dansville, N. Y. Grow Big, Luscious Strawberries Select hardy, prolific, carefully tested varieties. Grow them right. Even small patch will yield big profits — one man made $200 on | acre of a standard var iety. Think of the pleasure, too, of having your oicn delicious berries for home use. Buy Allen’s True-to-Name Plants and you are more certain of large crops of big, delicious strawberries. They are hardy and v igorous and heavy yielders. We have 200 acres in small fruit plants and can guarantee prompt shipment in any quantity. We have all the early and late strains for every soil and climate re- quirement. All plants carefully selected and packed fresh for shipment, and guaranteed true-to-name. For full description of all worth-while varieties, read Allen's Book of Berries. It is well illus- trated and gives the latest and best cultural methods. It’s free. Write for copy today. THE W. F. ALLEN CO. 54 Market St., Salisbury, Md. JAPAN DREAM-THE TOMATO PEACH Matured 44 perfect peaches four months after planting in orchard of William Royce, Cement, Okla- homa, 160 peaches from one tree 15 months after planting reported by J. R. Smith, Sweet Springs, Missouri. “Japan Dream bore next year after I got them, and every year since. Grandest early peach I have ever known.” C. B. Keith, Alva, Oklahoma. Youngest-bearing, heaviest-fruiting peach ever discovered. Guaranteed to bloom first year, and bear second year unless season is unfavorable. Extra hardy variety. Bears early when good peaches are scarce. Fruit a beautiful red, fine quality, freestone. Pays quicker profits than any other peach. One year after planting you can count on Japan Dream bearing just like your Tomato vines — equally heavy — equally quick. Be sure to “set” Japan Dream this year- Send at once for your free copy of THE MONCRIEF ORCHARD BOOK Our new 1915 Fruit Book, just finished. Tells all about this marvel quickest-protit peach and many other new better paying strains of fruit. Explains wonderful, yet simple and effective Moncrief way of making orcharding pay better. Shows you how one fruit-grower saved four years’ time and trebled his profits — how you can do as well. A most valuable book for any fanner, orchardist or market grower. Get it before you plant this year. No charge for it. Write today. WINFIELD NURSERIES, J. MONCRIEF, PRES., J 808 Park Street, Winfield, Kansas It has a tendency to be rather tender in the bud, causing some loss from frost. Reeves. Very high quality fruit and quite handsome. The trees are light bearers. Salvay. Particularly adapted to the warmer sections. In New York State it can be raised only in the Lake Erie district. Long Island district, and the warmest portions of southern New York, New Jersey, and southward. It cannot be ripened in the northern, colder sections. This peach is of high quality and quite desirable in all respects. EUROPEAN OR JAPANESE PLUMS Red June. A Japanese plum; very handsome, medium quality, the trees being very productive but relatively short lived. Abundance. Japanese plum. The same description as given to Red June will apply to Abundance, but the quality of the fruit is rather higher than the Red June. Jefferson. European plum. A large, reddish, fine quality plum of soft texture. The tree is a moderate bearer. Green Gage. European. One of the oldest varieties. The fruit is medium size, high quality. The trees are good bearers. Shropshire Damson, European plum. A small blue plum, much prized for making jam. The trees are hardy and very productive. CHERRY There are two classes of cherries, the sour and the sweet. It is a personal question whether both should be planted. If one desires them, selec- tions from both the sour and the sweet should be made, always remembering that the sweet varieties are not adapted to the northern or colder regions. Sweet cherries are the Black Heart, a black cherry of large size and good productivity; General Wood, a red cherry of desirable characteristics; the Tartarian, a black cherry of good type and quality; the Spanish, a yellow cherry of high quality; the Windsor, a red cherry. The sour cherries are Montmorency and Morello, both red and fine for preserves. GRAPES Most of the types of grapes are of American origin. However, some are crossed with a European grape. Some of the commonest types are the Early Ohio, black; Moore’s Early, black; Delaware, red; Concord, black; Vergennes, red; Diamond, white; Niagara, white; Catawba, red. CURRANTS There seems to be a good deal of difference in the quality of American currants. The standard is the Cherry, a red currant of long standing. Other desirable sorts are -Rice Prolific, black; Fay’s Prolific, red; Grape, white; Wilder, red. GOOSEBERRIES Many of the English sorts are not useful in this country, owing to the fact that they are troubled with mildew to such a large extent. A few of the good sorts are Downing, a white fruited variety which is American hybrid; Industry, and Brown Bob both red and both European varieties. BLACKBERRIES The blackberry is a native product. There are two general types, one upright growing and the other trailing. The trailing forms are called dew- berries. Agawam and the Eldorado are desirable blackberries; Snyder is, however, the one most commonly grown, and is a strictly hardy vine. The three mentioned are upright growers. Lu- cretia is the best of the trailing type, or dewberry. RASPBERRIES There are two general types of raspberries, those | which are produced by suckering and those which I are produced by tipping. The suckering varieties | are Marlboro (red), Cuthbert (red), Shaeffer j (purplish). Tipping varieties (those taking roots ( from the tip) are all black caps or black raspberries, » the Palmer being one, also Ohio and the Gregg. A : very good sort for home use, gaining in popularity » each year, is a yellow variety known as the Golden I Queen. The berries are very large and of the I highest quality. New York. A. E. Wilkinson. A Nasturtium Mound ONE of the best nasturtium tricks that I have run across is the creation of a mound effect by the use of brush. Small pieces of the brush are laid on the ground and others stuck in it, forming a loose pile that soon is completely covered with the climbing nasturtiums, which remain in eood condition until frost time i>. v [arch, 1915 T HE GARDEN M A G A Z I N E 107 Salpiglossis (Orchid-Flowering) as illustrated on the front cover of 1 our Catalogue, is a distinct favorite ; with those who have become ac- quainted with this delightful annual. The orchid-flowering strain branches freely from the main stem, forming fine, spreading plants, flowering from all branches, making it invaluable for ■ cutting. Following are a few of the popular varieties: Pkt. 1 oz. Purplish Violet $o.io $i.oo Pink, Bright Pink .io i.oo Light Blue, Veined Gold .io i.oo Golden Yellow, Rich color . .10 i.oo Scarlet, Rich color .... .io i.oo Brown with Gold .... .io i.oo Finest Mixed . ... .io i.oo Our Special Offer For 25 cents, in coin or stamps, we fw ill send one J package each of the six separate varieties listed above, ij which if purchased separately would cost 6o cents. For description and prices of other novelties and specialties in flowers and in vegetables, as well as stand- ards, write for a copy of our 1915 Spring Catalogue. 32 Barclay Street New York Hicks Everffrecns Save 10 Years Buy Hicks large White Pines and other evergreens for immediate results. Screen out undesirable outlooks. Trees all sizes from a ft. to 30 Choice shade trees. Satis- faction guaranteed or trees replaced. Send for catalog. Come to our Nursery. Isaac Hicks &Son Jericho Turnpike, V/gstburu , Lorvj Island THE STONE WALLS OF NEW ENGLAND become objects of beauty when covered with hardy climbing roses All our roses are heavy two year old plants and are shipped from large pots. Plants that will give satisfaction and results with only a moderate outlay.. Roses are a specialty with us and we guarantee satisfaction. Our catalog “GREENHOUSE and GARDEN PLANTS ” is yours for the asking. In addition to roses for greenhouse and garden I planting we offer Chrysanthemums, Carnations, Bedding Plants and a complete list of New England Grown Hardy Perennials. I Our Baby Grand Edition of “ Greenhouse and Garden Plants” will include a selection of the best in each. It will include an excellent list of the new named varieties of Delphiniums. This booklet sent upon special request only. It may be obtained at our Exhibit at the International Flower Show at the Grand Central Palace, March 17th to 23rd. A postal card will bring “Greenhouse and Garden Plants. ” AN Pierson ^CRpMVELL GAFINS CEOm'IlL Cdnn Effect ■ Not tor Future. Cieneratiorvsr ■ START with the largest stock that can be se- cured! It takes over twenty years to grow many of the Trees and Shrubs we offer. We do the long waiting thus enabling you to secure trees and shrubs that give im- mediate results. Spring Price List Now Ready. TfWoRRd IlllRSERIES Wm.Warner Harper 7>roFrte.tor- Chestnut Hill. PHila. Pa Box G. If a problem grows in your garden write to the Readers' Service for assistance 108 T HE GARDEN MAGAZINE March, 1915 1915 GARDEN AND FARM ALMANAC The Garden and Farm Almanac For 1915 Will Tell You How To recognize, combat and conquer the Insect Pests , Fungous Diseases and Weeds that attack garden, farm and orchard crops. To distinguish the various breeds of cattle, horses, sheep, swine, and poultry, and to recognize the best type of each. lo estimate the cost of farm houses, barns, poul- try sheds, the water supply, the silo, and the detailed operations of farm work such as plowing, planting, harvesting, etc. I o choose the right book on any phase of garden or farm activity. lo judge and score farm animals, farm crops, and everything that is likely to be exhibited at the “County Fair.” To plan your vegetable and flower gardens, shrubbery border, and orchard. To make spray mixtures, in small, convenient quantities. To estimate the weight of cattle, lo keep ahead of the garden month by month. A Partial List of the Contents La ■ Mushrooms, Key to Types of Magazines, List of Agricultural Browntail Moth Caterpillar Crops in the United States, Average Yields of Bank Credit, Value of Federal Department of Agriculture, Organi- zation of the Massachusetts, Agricultural Data for Dairy Standards for the States, Legal Crop Areas, Yields and Values in 1913 Tile Drainage, Average Cost of Light for the Farm Home, Cost of Different Kinds of Seedings per Acre in All the States, Average Woodlot, How to Estimate the Value of a Holstein Cattle, Description of Live Stock Breeders, National Organizations of Dear Sirs: — G. M. 3-15 Please send postpaid the Garden and Farm Almanac, for which I enclose 35c. Doubleday, Page & Co., Garden City, N. Y. Horticulture, New Books on Seed Standards for all the States, Pure Vegetables, A Tested, Proven Planting Table Silage Cutter, Power Needed to Run a Farmers’ Bulletins, Classified List of Parcel Post Regulations Shropshire Sheep, Description of Poultry Organizations, List of Plowing Match, Score Card for Weeds, A Table of Common Horse, What it Costs to Raise a Country Life, Books on Mold in Cellars, How to Prevent Horse Shoeing, Score Card for Rogation Days for 1913 Soils and Crops, Books on Guernsey Cattle, Score Card of Feed Your Plants, How to Waterproof, How to Make Cloth Concrete Work, Estimating Materials for Diseases and their Remedies, Animal Fertilizer Table for the Home Garden, A Hay in a Stack, How Much This Great Work of Reference will be sent postpaid for 35 cents This coupon is for your convenience Our Collection of HARDY MUMS was awarded Silver Medals by the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society at the shows of 1912-1913 and 1914. They are the Glory of the Garden in Autumn Send for our list, grouped as to color and time of blooming, with full cultural directions. A subscription to the Main Line Floral Guide is given with each order. $1.25 per dozen; $7.00 per 100, expressage prepaid. Strafford Flower Farm Box 170 Strafford, Pa. SPECIMEN TREES We are offering for spring planting a limited quantity ofbeautiful, large specimens twenty- five feet high with clean, straight trunks and uniform heads, every tree of COTTAGE GARDENS QUALITY. The selection comprises Maples, Oaks, Elms, Lindens, Planes and several varieties of Evergreens. We have just published a leaflet giving full particulars. If you are interested, write us and a copy will be sent you by return mail. COTTAGE GARDENS CO., Inc. NURSERIES QUEENS NEW YORK A Four-Day Cut Flower HEMEROCALLIS THUNBERGII is alone in its family in carrying its open flowers almost vertical. Its stalks are two to three feet tall, or even four feet in moist rich situations. They branch four or five times and carry from five to twenty buds and flowers, giving by this abundance a long flowering season. Owing to the vertical position of the blossom, this species is a most effective plant for the foot of a terrace or for plant- ing along a veranda at the seashore house or country club, as in looking down at the bed the owner does not forever see the floral decorations inside out. Too many perennials — the bellflowers, foxgloves, pentstemons, gladiolus, hibiscus, all the sunflowers This tall-growing lily furnishes a profusion of bloom over a 'long season and most of the lilies — face outward from a wall and show at their worst when seen from above. The strong Thunbergii lemon lily is not lanky nor drooping; its abundant foliage is the shortest of its type; and it is as cheap as it is hardy for plant- ing in quantity. Also, if one has enough of it, it affords charming cut flowers for the large bouquets that belong to wicker furniture and the midsummer toilet of a house. With light blue delphinium and white achillea, or with a sheaf of the sweet hay fern supporting its stems from a huge brass j’ardiniere, a mass of these lilies a yard across is a radiant glory in a room. It is also that sort of decoration which a hard-pressed summer hostess once apostrophized in my hearing — “Thank Heaven, a four-day bou- quet, at last!” Pennsylvania. E. S. Johnson. Space Saving Schemes IF ONE’S space in the vegetable garden is limited, a very good way to grow cucumbers is to plant them in a barrel. Knock out both heads of the barrel, stand it in some sunny comer, fill it with good soil, well fertilized, and in it plant the cucumber seed. By nipping the runners as they increase in length, enough will soon be developed to entirely cover the barrel. They then may be clipped or allowed to grow as desired. The advantages of this method are economy of space, ease in picking the cucumbers, and perfectly clean vegetables, free from gravel or dust. Water- ing is easy, also, as the barrel may be located accord- ing to convenience. Another space economy in a small garden is to take a narrow border or strip — any back yard or clothes yard will furnish one — and in it plant closely the small vegetables or savory herbs used in soups and salads, or for garnishing. One end of even the small flower garden may be taken for this purpose, with no sacrifice of beauty. Fertilize the tiny bed generously, as in it is to be What is a fair rental for a given properly ? Ask the Readers' Service March, 1915 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 109 Gladioli A Great Bargain in Finest Quality Bulbs I have secured an option upon a large quantity of the following choice varieties, which I can sup- ply, while they last, at the prices quoted. IOO IOOO AMERICA, finest pink; large flowers $1.25 {10.00 AUGUSTA, pure white; large flowers 1.50 12.00 BARON HULOT. beautiful rich blue ... 2.00 17.00 BRENCH LEYLNSIS, brilliant vermilion-scarlet ...... x.25 10.00 ] HALLEY, bright salmon-pink; very popular ... .. 2.00 17.00 HOLLANDI A. rich salmon-orange; beautiful 2.00 17.00 MRS. FRANCIS KING, flamingo-scarlet; large 2.00 17.00 NIAGARA, soft primrose-yellow, large and beautiful . . . 5.00 40.00 PINK BEAUTY, peach blow pink; early 1.00 10.00 PRINCEPS, rich crimson-scarlet; large and brilliant. .. . 2.50 20.00 TEN EACH OF THE ABOVE (regular price $5) 100 bulbs, 2 Dollars These bulbs were grown under contract by a prominent Holland grower for the French, German and Russian trade. The contracts were broken on account of the war, and the grower is compelled to sell at a great sacrifice. I will guarantee that they are of the same FINE QUALITY as the goods I reg- ularly deliver to my customers. They are packed in lots of ioo, and not less than ioo bulbs will be sold to a cus- tomer at these prices. This is the great- est bargain ever offered in Gladioli Bulbs, and the entire allotment will be quickly taken. Compare these prices with any catalog and send your order with remits tance today. A. B. Vanderbeek Paterson, N. J. HUNTINGTON in quality, rock bottom in price. We offer the world’s finest productions in flowering stocks of all kinds, annual and perennial, both staple and novelties. Gladioli America, F. King, Halley, Fred Wigman, 100 $1.00 Scarsdale, Glory, Princeps, $1.25 Faust, Augusta, Velvet King $1.50 Meehan’s Mallow Marvels, 100 $3.00 Pyrethrum Roseum (finest) $3.00 Blooming sizes, by Privet Ibota per 100 Privet Amoor River Privet California Berberis Thunbergii Spirea Van Houtte mail prepaid. $2.50 and up $2.50 and up $2 00 and up $2.50 and up $4.00 and up We are large growers of finest florist’s strains of aster seed, petunia, salvia, perennial seeds and plants, gladioli, roses, etc. Hun- dreds of professional growers have been using our stocks for years. If we can please your florist we can please you. Write for our price list Ralph E. Huntington Wholesale Grower of Florists’ Specialties Painesville, Ohio FRUIT PEARE TRETC CHERRY 1 1 V I . I . l ) Crlt.KK x REACH Best for HOME GARDEN BEAR QUICKER LESS ROOM FINEST FRUIT Also Full Line STANDARD FRUIT TREES Choice Stock CATALOGUE FREE THE VAN DUSEN NURSERIES W. L. McKay, Prop. Box G, Geneva, N. Y. A four sash standard frame, 12 ft.x 6. Price $23.90 How to Give Your Garden a Running Start Single Row Frame 13 x 34 2 in. 4 for £5 Junior Frames. Sash 34 inches wide, by 38% inches long. 2 sash frame . £8 3 sash frame . £1 1 Junior Melon Frames 19^ x 2o| in. 5 for £4.40 10 for £8. so NEW YORK 42nd St. Building riant r rames 10 for £6 25 THE latter part of last winter, vou will remember, was just the • ... iber, was just the kind that made you think that “spring is going to be early this year.” But it wasn’t. It lagged along until some of us had to plant our gardens all over again, and others said : “What’s the use, anyway, of trying to have an early garden any more in this confounded climate ? ” Along in February we reminded you that Cold Frames or Hot Beds were the only sure insurance against a late garden. We even went so far as to say pretty strongly, that you ought to buy some of our Frames — even if only ten of the Single Plant ones for £6.25, and boost your garden along two to six weeks. This year you are going to buy frames — you made up your mind to that, eight months ago. This being so, as it certainly is so, then the thing for you to do : is send at once for our Two P’s Booklet, which tells you about the Pleasure and Profit of Cold Frames and Hot Beds. We have seven different sizes and kinds of these frames, or garden boosters. Send your order now (when we can ship at once) and have them ready for the first signs of Spring. Every one of them is illustrated, described and priced in our Two P’s Rooklet. There are several pages of Helpful Hints, and a Planting Time Table, both of which you want, handy, under one cover. Send for this Two P’s Booklet. Sales Offices BOSTON Tremont Building PHILADELPHIA Franklin Bank Bldg. CHICAGO Rookery Building CLEVELAND Swetland Building ROCHESTER Granite Building TORONTO Royal Bank Building />' Factories Irvington, N. Y. Des Plaines, III Garden Stark Delicious Always Shows a Profit The “greatest apple in the world” tops the market. There’s satisfaction in growing it, be- of its unequalled quality, and money, because of the demand for it. The man who has an orchard made up largely of Stark Delicious worries less about his other crops. The practical fruit grower knows that he has a reli able money-maker in Stark Delicious. Give it a place in your orchard right away. Write quick for New Wholesale Catalog showing Stark Delicious, Stark Early Elberta, and all fruits and ornamentals. Eastern growers address Stark Bros., North Girard, Pa., or Dt nsviile, N. Y. Western growers address only STARK BROTHERS, Box 121, Louisiana, Mo. {Home of Stark Delicious) The Readers' Service is prepared to advise parents in regard to schools 110 THE G ARDEN M A G A Z I N E March, 191 The gardener who gets the high prices is the one who sends his crops early to market. You can beat Nature by forcing your growths under glass. Plants and flowers in ordinary hotbeds may freeze, but they’re safe if you us Duo-Glazed Sash. No covering required. You get all the light and no chance of frost. A good living can be made from three acres under Duo-Glazed ! Double Glass Forms Air Chamber Two layers of glass instead of one. Non-conduct- , ive air chamber between protects your plants and flowers just as the space between wall and plaster keeps your house warm. The Duo-Glazed Sash will advance your season a month to six weeks. It’s the same, climatically, as though you moved your farm 300 m iles farther south . - rTRADE REG. APPLIED FOR PATENTED HOTBED SASH Made of genuine Louisiana Red Cypress, 13^ inches thick, with extra heavy ten- ons. Will last a lifetime. A boy can put in the glass. Broken panes can be cut to use in bottom layer. Every farmer, gardener, or home owner needs Duo-Glazed Sash. They pay for themselves by producing early crops for the table or for sale. Write for free catalog and prices. CALLAHAN DUO-GLAZED SASH CO., 80 Wyandot St., Dayton, Ohio RIPLEY GLADIOLI I know them — love them — raise them — sell them. My bulbs yield large, beautiful, magnificent blos- soms. Write now for my interest- ing pricelist and special “Get Ac- quainted” offer. LILLESAND Bulb Specialist Cambridge Wisconsin Modern Gladiolus 'T'HOUSANDS of people all over the * country know that for over ten years I have been selling the best gladioli at the lowest prices ancLI want more of them to know it. I keep getting and growing the best varieties and I keep putting the prices down to meet the purses of the people. I am again offering Fifty carefully selected gladiolus bulbs of flowering size for Fifty (50) Cents and I "pay the freight” and send my instructive catalogue of new and old named sorts and mixtures. This col- lection will contain a number of the best named sorts but without marks. Don’t forget that there are no better bulbs than I offer. I grow them myself and they are especially fine this year. Send your orders in now. GEO. S. WOODRUFF Box B Independence, Iowa GLADIOLI One cannot grow orchids without a greenhouse, but anyone can grow our new Gladioli. In color- ing, texture, beauty and lasting qualities they are a lot more sat- isfactory than Orchids. It’s a poor gardener that won’t be the envy of the neighborhood if he grows “Perkins-King Glads.” 10 fine flowering Bulbs, named kinds, postpaid for 50 cts. Catalog giv- ing cultural directions FREE. THE PERKINS-KING CO. Box 810 West Mentor, Ohio GLADIOLI Mrs. Frank Pendleton, Europa, Lily Lehmann, Niagara, Pan- ama, Halley, are six finest varieties. We have best stock of these and many other fine kinds at lowest prices. Also best dahlias, roses, phlox, iris, fruit trees and small fruits. Every- thing for garden and poultry. Be sure and send for catalogues. M. S. Perkins & Co. Danvers, Massachusetts Gladiolus Bulbs THE BARGAIN OF YOUR LIFE. 12 Kunderdi Glory (Immense Cream, Ruffled); 12 Princeps (The Ama- ryllis Flowered); 12 America, (Lavender Pink); 12 Mrs. Francis King (Flame Color); 48 strong blooming bulbs, $1.00 postpaid. A beautiful little book for the asking. JOE COLEMAN, Grower, Lexington, Ohio. You are invited to correspond with our Readers’ Service Department for information regarding the purchasing, breeding, feeding and care of high class dairy cattle. Readers’ Service Department, The Garden Magazine Garden City, New York very intensive gardening! In it plant closely rows of chives, parsley, upland cress, radishes, tiny French carrots, onion sets, lettuce, small beets. If you can possibly spare the room, set a plant of the Yellow Plume tomato, and one of Earliana, a small, red, early bearing and very prolific variety. Replant the radish, lettuce, carrots, and onions as soon as pulled. Plant thickly, and thin as you wish to use, pulling the largest each time. Water thoroughly and often. You will be surprised to see how many pennies you will save by having this small bed in the garden. Massachusetts. Florence Spring. The Venetian Sumach THE sumach of Venice, introduced into this country from Europe and commonly known as the smoke bush (Cotinus coggygria) is widely culti- vated throughout the United States and is de- servedly popular. Few ornamental shrubs have more distinctive and attractive characters than this one. This shrubby tree is found growing wild from Northwestern Europe to the Himalaya mount- ains and Western China. The profusely branched inflorescence, covered with fine hairs, suggests the name of smoke bush. The true flowers are inconspicuous. The color is produced by the plumose divisions of the flower stalks which are for the most part sterile. In Massachusetts the flowers appear early in June and A highly ornamental plant is the smoke bush, the “smoke” changing in color, from a light tan to deeper shades of brown and red as the season advances remain for a month or more. At first the flowers are light in color and contrast strongly with the dark green foliage. Later in the season the color changes to various shades of brown and red. The color effect is quite odd and different from most flowering plants, yet the color is delicate and always harmonious. Aside from the flowers the plant is noticeable for its beautifully smooth green foliage which does not lose its freshness during the entire season. The leaves are for the most part round as a dollar and about as large, although tending toward an oval shape in some. The smoke bush possesses the hardiness of the common sumach, poison ivy and other sumachs to which it is closely related without, however, having any poisionous qualities. The foliage is rarely attacked by insects or affected with any disease. ; Propagation is easily accomplished by seeds or root cuttings, and the plant seems to thrive in a wide variety of soil and climatic conditions. For the best effect this ornamental should be grown as an individual plant and not in clumps as are most shrubs. It needs a rich soil and plenty of room in which to spread out. The attractiveness of its flowers will be increased if they are set off against a background of trees. Massachusetts. Donald F. Jones. I I f 4 For information about live stock write to the Readers ’ Service March, 1915 T HE G A R D E N M A G A Z I N E 111 Pulverized Sheep Manure Best for Lawns and Gardens Nature’s own plant food for all crops. Especially good for lawns, gardens, etc., where quick and cer- tain results are neces- sary. Used exten- sively for small fruits, shrubbery, etc. Rich in nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash; also adds humus. Our Sheep’s Head Brand is Guaranteed Clean Nothing But Sheep Manure Free from weed seeds, which are killed by heat. Dried and pulverized for easy application. Send for information and prices, de- livered, on any quantity desired. Natural Guano Co. 803 River St. Aurora, III. Largest general nursery in America. Estab- lished for sixty-one years. Choicest seeds, bulbs, plants, shrubs and trees. Sixty acres of home grown roses. Safe arrival and satis- faction guaranteed. Free catalog. The Storrs & Harrison Co. Nurserymen, Florists and Seedsmen Box 620, Painesville, Ohio (97) Big Supply of Apple and Peach Trees. Plum, pear, quince, cherry, grape vines, ornamen- tal trees, roses, plants, etc. Highest grade and true to name. Best New Fruits. Free catalogue gives valu- able advice. "'Thirty Years with Fruits and Flowers” or C. A. Green’s Book on Can- ning Fruit— .frec.Writetoday . f Green’s Nursery Co. 7 WaU St. Rochester, N. Y. SEEDS Best In The World Prices Below All Others I will give a lot of new sorts free with every order I fill. Buy and test. Re- turn if not 0. K. — money refunded. Big Catalog FREE Over 700 illustrations of vegetables and flowers. Send yours and your neighbors* addresses. R- H. SHUMWAY The Helpful Book ==for Garden lovers The Meehan handbook is different! Its advan- tage to the garden lover is not alone in the fact that it has over ioo pages, profusely illustrated. It is complete, compact and handy. Easy to find any hardy tree, plant or shrub of merit in this book. Many new, rare and unusual plants are described and illustrated. Collections for various purposes are so arranged that proper choice is easy. Any property of one acre or less can be planted complete from the street front to the small fruit-patch in the rear by combining these collections. It simplifies ordering. Write today for this practical handbook. It is FREE. If you have a new unplanted property, indicate the size and conditions, and we shall have one of our practical plantsmen, familiar with thesoil conditionsin your locality, forward his recommendations. THOMAS MEEHAN & SONS Pioneer Nurserymen of America Box 1 7 Germantown, Phila> = This handbook con- tains many unique in- troductions, such as Meehans’ Globe-head Mulberry, New Climbing Red Rose — Edgar An- dreu, the Senecio Clivo- rum for shaded borders, and Phlox argillacea for dry sunny places. Have you tried Mee- hans’ Mallow Marvels in your garden? If not, you will he interested in this — the most popular hardy flower in cultivation. Three colors, one each, for £1.75. Give Nature a Boost Your lawn, your flowers and shrubs, your vegetables and fruit trees, all need plant food. Use natural fertilizer. It is best. And use it now to get your soil ready for spring planting. SHEEP MANURE TRADE BRAND MARA is all natural plant food and humus 1 1 that makes better soil and better crops. The Pulverized 0,29 Union Stock Yards Manure. Co. S Chicago IS One Bag EqualsWhole Wagon Sold by Garden Supply Houses F.verywhe Joyous Easterbells / In Bloom Fragrant and delicious gift. Your friends will be delighted. The pips can be planted at once in or- namental jars in our Prepared Mossfiber in which they bloom in 15 to 20 days. A daily delight and interest to invalids and shut-ins, watching the magic bud- ding and blossoming. We furnish post- paid with full directions how to succeed. 6 pips and Mossfiber to plant 40c 12 65c 20 “ “ $1.00 50 “ “ $2.25 Send orders EARLY. Demand often exceeds supply. NOTE— If you have not received our 1915 Spring tinrdenbook send lor it. The Book will please and INTEREST you. H. H. BERGER & CO., 70 Warren St., New York DREER’S ROSES For the Garden STRONG, two-year-old, pot-grown Rose Plants that will give a full crop of flowers this season, is one of our most important specialties. In our Garden Book this season we offer and describe over two hundred of the choicest varieties, including the latest intro- ductions of the world’s most famous Hybridisers. SPECIAL: The “Dreer Dozen” Hybrid-Tea Roses, a collection of high-grade sorts that always do well, — for $5.00. Or, send for a copy of the Garden Book free, and make your own selection. Henry A. Dreer Rose 714-716 Chestnut St., Specialists PHILADELPHIA, PA. Rockford. Illinois 112 T HE GARDEN MAGAZINE March, 1915 Practical Books on Building and Business Problems Advertising — Selling the Consumer By JOHN LEE MAHIN President of the Mahin Ad- vertising Co., Chicago, and Lecturer on Advertising before several Universities This book is the out- growth of a series of notable lectures de- livered by Mr. Ma- hin before North- western University. It presents a com- prehensive survey of the organization of modern adver- tising through which it serves its great function of “Selling the Consumer.” Everyone is affected by advertising and this book describes how advertising is practiced. Just Out. Illustrated. Net $2.00. Complete Plans from a $500 Bungalow to a $10,000 House Keith’s House Plans By WALTER J. KEITH With a description of special features and illustration of the finished house in every case* It is full of ideas for the prospective home builder. ( Prices given are exclusive of heating , plumbing , electric work, lighting and deco- ration.) The Books Cottages and Bungalows costing from $500.00 to $2000.00 (172 plans). Cottages and Houses costing from $2,000.00 to $2,500.00 (138 plans). Cottages and Houses costing from $2,500.00 to $3,000.00 (124 plans). Cottages and Houses costing from $3,000.00 to $4,000.00 (121 plans).- Modern Houses costing $4,000.00 and over (123 plans). Each Volume, Bound in Green Cloth, Net $1.00. The Building Of It A Handbook for Every Home Builder By WALTER J. KEITH With its help any one can superintend the building of his house and tell whether the work is being properly done. JustOut. Illustrated from Photographs and many Diagrams, etc. Net $1 .00. The New Business By HARRY TIPPER President, Advertising Men’s League, New York; Advertising Manager, The Texas Company; Lecturer on Advertising, New York University. A book for every business man, and this is also a book for any one in any way interested or affected by business - — which means every- one. Here is pre- sented with singu- lar clearness the commercial back- ground from which modern business has sprung. The fun- damentals of ad- vertising and sell- ing and marketing are stated with clearness and illus- trated with concrete cases. Just Out. Illustrated with charts, etc. Net $2.00. Practical Talks on Farm Engineering By R. P. CLARKSON, B. S. Professor of Engineering, Acadia University, Nova Scotia. Actual problems that everyone who lives in the country is sure to run up against. Water supply, sewage disposal, building and fence construction, heating and lighting — these are some of the subjects discussed in a practical way. Just Out. Illustrated from Photographs and many Diagrams. Net $1.00. Publications of DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO., Garden City, N. Y. Hardy English Walnuts My Hardy Pennsylvania Grown Trees grafted on Black Walnut Stocks are perfectly hardy and bear young and abundantly. ALSO HARDY PECAN TREES Write for handsome catalogue J. P. JONES The Nut Tree Specialist, Lancaster, I*a. SCHOOL OF HORTICULTURE FOR WOMEN (18 Miles from ‘Philadelphia ) Spring Term of regular two-year course begins Feb. 2nd. Practical and theoretical training in the growing of fruits, vegetables and flowers. Simple carpentry. Bees. Poultry. Preserving. School Gardening and the Principles of Landscape Gardening. Constant de- mand for trained women to fill salaried positions. Write for Catalogue. Jt‘t«ie T. Morgan. Director Ambler, l*a. gurpee's^eeds Qrow See full page advertisement on 4th cover of this issue. W. ATLEE BURPEE & CO., Burpee Buildings, Philadelphia Grafting for the Amateur 'T"'HE work is not really difficult although it is important to give attention to certain details. It should always be borne in mind that the graft must have a real affinity to the stock on which it is placed. A union is brought about between a pear and a quince, though hardly between a pear and a peach. One or two tools should be at hand when grafting is to be undertaken. It is well to secure a proper grafting knife which, above everything else, should be sharp. In addition a small sharp chisel with a handy mallet will be useful for hewing out the open- ings in deft grafting. Also buy a tin of grafting wax, and a quantity of raffia or a similar tying material. It is possible to prepare a substitute for the grafting wax but it is hardly worth the trouble. Always choose mild weather for grafting, and any spell which occurs in March would be suitable. An old gardener who taught me how to graft always said that if you once got the right idea into your mind you could always carry out the work successfully. The idea is that to bring about a union it is absolutely essential that the layers of the inner bark , both in the graft and the stock, be brought together. The woody part of the cion and stock never join together, however many years the graft may remain in position. It is of course understood that the stock should always be rooted and, granted this, it does not much matter what the age or shape of the tree may be. In the case of old’specimens it may be convenient to cut the branches back to a few stumps and in this way provide plenty of head room for the later growth. Many methods of grafting are possible but the simplest forms will be found to answer almost every need which is likely to arise. The first plan, commonly known as whip grafting, is most suitable where the stock and graft are of a similar size. The first step is to cut off the stock and then shape the end in slantwise fashion. The cion or graft must be made to fit on to the stock, and it is extremely important that the layer of new material between the bark and the old wood should meet in the case of the ! raft and the stock. Of course the graft might be a success even if the union - was only effected on one side, but a special effort should be made to get as good a fit as possible. Holding the graft firmly in position, take hold of a long piece of raffia and secure the cion in its place. Now open the tin of grafting wax and, with a chip of wood, take out a quantity and smear it well over the joint be- tween the cion and the stock. There is nothing more to be done now save to leave the graft and hope for the best. Where the stock is very large it is well to adopt the method known as cleft grafting. First of all the stock is headed down, and then a slit, or a cleft, is made in the side of it. This cut should be made with a chisel in such a way that it is wide at the opening and narrows down at the part which is innermost. The cut should also end in a point at the lower portion. The graft must be carefully cut in the form of a wedge so that it will just fit nicely into the opening in the stock. [See also page 86 of this issue of The Garden Magazine for illustrations by the present writer. — Ed.] Wax may be made at home by using four parts of resin, two parts of beeswax and one part of tallow, all by weight. The ingredients should be melted on the stove but not allowed to come to the boiling point. Then the mixture should be poured into cold water, where it will harden, but it should be manipulated by the hands under water. Before it becomes brittle it should be removed and worked much like molasses candy until it is fine and white. The use of more tallow makes a softer wax, while a larger proportion of beeswax will make a harder grade. Any wax prepared in this way will last for years and be ready for use at any time. The operator should never fail to thoroughly grease his hands when applying the wax to the trees, for otherwise he will be unable to spread it. Probably tallow is the best grease for the purpose. If work is being done above the ground the backs of the hands may be heavily smeared with the tallow, which will provide a supply when a new greasing of the hands is needed without making it necessary for the operator to climb down from the tree. S. Leonard Bastin. The Readers' Service will furnish information about foreign travel March, 1915 T II E G A R I) E N M AGAZIN E ns Helen’s Favorite Flowers Yielding a Mass of Blooms FREE To get our beautiful Spring catalogue to as many lovers of flowers as possible, we will mail you one packet each of Rainbow Mixed Sweet Peas, Shirley Poppy and Giant Mixed Cosmos; Tomato, Bonfire; Lettuce, All-heart, and our catalogue included, if you will send us your name and address and TEN cents in stamps or coin to cover mailing. The catalogue contains all the Flower and Vegetable novelties for 1915, and much relia- ble information explaining in detail how to plant. One million packets will be distributed this year. May we add your name to our list. WM. ELLIOTT & SONS E*t. 1845 45 Vesey St., New York THIS Spring Buy Trees and Shrubs Grown in New England They are hardy, for we have cold winters here; they are well grown and rooted, for great care is taken in cultivating pruning and dig- ging. We ship first-class stock only, packing it to reach you in splendid condition. Our new catalogue is an accurate guide to the best trees and shrubs for planting everywhere. Your name and address on a postal will bring a copy by return mail. Write the card now — planting time is almost here. OLD COLONY NURSERIES Dept. C. PLYMOUTH, MASS. SURPLUS LIST AT REASONABLE PRICES GLADIOLUS, America, extra strong Bulbs $2 50 per 100 OTHER VARIETIES, good mixture 150 per 100 BARBERRY THUNBERGII. for hedges, 16 to 24 inches high . 8 00 per 100 MIXED PHLOX, 800 varieties . 2 00 per 100 W. F. SCHMEISKE Box 6, Hospital Station, Binghamton, N.Y. Start Lima Beans, Corn and Melons in Paper Transplanting Pots (dirt bands) and when the ground is warm plant them in the garden without removing from the pots, and they will be ripe two weeks earlier. Tomatoes started this way at the Indiana Experiment Station yielded 4 tons more per acre and ripened 9 days earlier. 500 3-inch dirt bands or 300 4-inch prepaid by mail for Si. 00. P. B. CROSBY & SON Catonsville Maryland e*™™***™** uiumSSS Combining to an unusual degree the distin- guishing features of exclusiveness— gracefulness with a ser- of form and refinement of pattern viceability made to withstand the severe tests of everyday use, Homer Laughlin China makes a univer- sal appeal to lovers of ^ the beautiful in din- /('■ \ . \ nerware. / .ug ^ Though aristo- / ^(3(0 cratic in appearance, < in pnce it: is demo~ cratic —exceedingly i. 9K so. The extremely reasonable cost of a set of this famous „ ' tty ware will be a most pleasant surprise to you. HomerIaughlin \ patterns are all open stock, making it easy and inexpensive to keep any set complete at all times. Look for the trade mark name “Homer Laughlin” on the underside of each dish — it is our guarantee to you of lasting satisfaction. Write today for your free copy of the China Book. Tells an interesting story of how China is made in the world’s largest pottery and gives valuable sugges- tions on the selection and care of dinnerware. The Homer Laughlin China Co., Newell, West Virginia COLORADO MOCK-ORANGE (Jamesia Americana) A charming American shrub for American gardens; easily grown, attaining 3 to 4 feet; waxy-white, fragrant flowers and velvety foliage. For one dollar I will send prepaid to any address in the U. S., three bushy plants, safe delivery guaranteed. My 40 page illustrated catalogue describes other flowering and ornamental shrubs, wild flowers and evergreens from the Rocky Mountains of Colorado , grown at Rockmont Nursery and fully acclimatized. Fitted by nature for cold climates. I grow also, a full line of ornamental trees, shrubs, vines and flowers, selected and tested for western planters. Catalogue free; send postal today P. O. Box 493B D. M. ANDREWS, Boulder, Colorado The Readers ’ Service will give information about automobiles March, 1915 1 14 T II E G A R D E N M A G A Z I N E A PAGE OF ADVENTURE God’s Country — and the Woman A Mystery Tale of the Northlands By JAMES OLIVER CUR WOOD, Author of “Kazan,” etc. A MYSTERY romance laid in the Northlands. Josephine Adare was called L’Ange through- out all that great country — the Florence Nightingale of the Wilderness. The story of the great secret in her life, and the strange promise she won from Philip Weyman make this one of the really notable tales of life on the only frontier now left. “ The narrative moves with swiftness and has some thrilling moments, also a well sustained mystery and a good rousing fight for the last chapters. It is interesting, entertaining and full of action ” — New York Times. Plants for Ground Covers The Real Josephine of the Story Her right name is Melisse Cummins. I shall never forget the first day I saw her, and that scene I have de- scribed, as the picture was painted for me then, in the meeting of Joseph- ine and Philip Weyman beside the rock in my novel. I had come up with Cummins, her husband, who had , been down to the edge of civiliz- ation. She stood in the doorway of . a log cabin that was overgrown with woodvine and mellow with the dull red glow of the climbing bakneesh, with the warmth of the late summer How the Author First Met Her sun falling upon her bare head. In that first view I had of her I called her beautiful. It was chiefly, I think, because of her splendid hair, her lithe slimness, and the color and glow in her face and eyes. Her hair was undone, and she greeted us with the dark and lustrous masses of it sweeping about her shoulders and down to her hips. Thus it was that I first saw Melisse Cummins, the Florence Nightingale of several thous- and square miles of northern wilder- ness. 8 Illustrations by William OberHardt and 1 by Norman Borchardt Net, $1.25 = By C. N. and A. M. WILLIAMSON A Soldier of the Legion A ROMANCE of Algeria, centring around a soldier of the Foreign Legion, one of the -Ga most famous fighting organizations in the world, now with the Allies at the front. “ The Williamsons have caught all the glamour of the East without descending to sensationalism, all its ro- mance without sacrificing credibility, all its tingle and excitement and stir without being melodramatic or trite. “For glowing, \ unadulterated thrills and a vivid sense of adventure, this story outclasses even Rider Haggard’s wonder tales.” — The Chicago Evening Post. Net, $1.35 Other Successes It Happened in Egypt Frontispiece. Net, The Car of Destiny Illustrated/ Net, The Chaperon Illustrated. Net, The Golden Silence Illustrated. Net, The Quests of Hercules Illustrated. Net, The Heather Moon Net, 1-35 1.35 1.35 MRS. C. N. WILLIAMSON by the Williamsons Lord Loveland Discovers America Illustrated. Net, $1.20 The Motor Maid Illustrated. Net, 1.20 My Friend the Chauffeur Illustrated. Net, 1-35 The Port of Adventure Illustrated. Net, 1 3S The Princess Virginia Illustrated. Net. 1-35 Set in Silver Illustrated. Net, 1-35 Published by DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY, Garden City, N. Y. BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREENS ROSEBAYS Kalmias, Azaleas ! In quantity by the car, if you wish. Sizes, 4 inches to 4 feet. American Holly and Leucothoe also among our specialties. Evergreen ground-cover plants, in- cluding Galax, Arbutus, Ferns, Hepaticas, etc., supplied at special rates in quantity. Carolina Hemlocks and other Conifers in all sizes. De- ciduous flowering trees and shrubs in variety. Also perennials and vines. These, grown high on the slope of the Southern Alleghanies, are hardy anywhere. Sample box, containing 12 plants of any sorts mentioned above, postpaid, for $1. Price-list on request Rosebay Nursery, Garden City, N. C. REES and SHRUB PORTER’S HIGH QUALITY STOCK Illustrated Price List free. Write for copy today PORTER'S NURSERIES Box 201 Evanston, 111. NOTE — Big Stock of Large Specimen Norway Maples at Low Prices GROWN IN NEW JERSEY under soil and climate advantages, Steele’s Sturdy Stock is the satisfactory kind. Great assortment of Fruit, Nut, Shade and Evergreen Trees, Small-fruit Plants, Hardy Shrubs, Roses, etc. Fully des- cribed in my Beautiful Illustrated Des- criptive Catalogue — it’s free! T. E. STEELE I'omona Nurseries Palmy ro, X. J. ONE of the joys of a garden is profusion of growth which can be had from ground covers, as we call them. These plants crowd out the weeds and keep green and beautiful the ground spaces be- tween and beneath perennials. The old favorite portulaca, when once established, will seed and reseed itself and make a soft, green carpet. Myrtle or the periwinkle forms a delicate lavender and dark green combination in early spring and a sober green background for the brilliant colored perennials all summer. Lemon thyme and orange thyme are very old herbs and are most acceptable to fill bare spaces, spreading out and making roots attached to the ground as they wander. They are of low growth, bear a small pale lavender flower, and exhale a delightful odor as one brushes past them in the garden or gathers and crushes a branch of leaves in the hand. With the other herbs, they are quite as romantic in association as dear old lavender, and savor of good housekeeping. We are told to gather these delicious herbs on a dry day in June, July and August, cleanse imme- diately and dry by the heat of a stove or Dutch oven. Pick off the small leaves, pound and place in bottles for seasoning. Flowering thyme has the same odor as the tall thyme which we plant in our kitchen gardens and use in dressings for chicken and turkey. The difference lies in the manner of growth; only a few inches in length of stem, branching indefinitely, ever low-spreading and filling every available space, forming a thick matted carpet, bearing a delicate lavender or white fine flower. It is an English cover. All the thymes are perfectly hardy. This flowering thyme is also equally at home in the clefts of the rock garden, among tufts of field daisies, succory, pink sedums, prickly pears, and running blackberry vines, all of which find a lodg- ment in its crevices. The double ranunculus, with its beautiful large golden buttons and exquisitely deft leaves, will creep and fill vacant spots. The leaves are larger and closer together than the ordinary buttercup, never growing over six inches tall, it blooms in June but is evergreen until frost. It can be easily divided, for it roots as it runs. Most refreshing to the eye in spring are the pale, whitey-green velvety shoots of Stachys lanata, which later on will form a most artistic ground work for the tulips, which have been sheltered all winter with the last year’s thick mat of leaves. When the tulips have died down, the low, silvery blue green leaves, long and lanceolate from their rosette foundations, form a wonderful setting for masses of violas or tufted pansies in front and brilliant antirrhinums behind. They, too, allow of easy separation to be placed where needed. Then there is the fascinating low-growing Phlox subulata, bearing a lavender blossom nearly an inch in diameter. It is a mass of bloom early in the season and a good green all summer. It must be thinned out once a year, as it grows so rampant. Campanula carpatica, blue, and carpatica, var. alba, white, form low growing tufts; the flowers, on tall stems, unfold in June and continue all sum- mer if kept cut. Eschscholzia or California poppy is very successful among roses. Once sown, it will yearly fill all vacant spots. It is well to cut it daily, thus keeping a fine blue green cover, with yellow and white blooms freshly open with each sun. New York. A. Van Gelder. The Readers' Service will give information about the latest automobile accessories M iHCH, 1915 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 115 —made in 40style9and sizes— hand and power. Ask your dealer to show you the entire line. Top photo shows style No. 40— capacity 8 to 12 gal Lower left photo shows style No. 1— capacity 4 ga . Lower right photo shows style No. 37— capacity 1 qt. to y% -gal. Every type of sprayer for every purpose. Each type the finest for its purpose that can be made. We have specialized on spray design and manufacture for 15 years. Write for Catalog and Free . C. Brown Co. 850 Maple St. Rochester, N.Y. pray mg Guide. Post Yourself On Spraying! RIGHT SPRAYING means bigger crops— finest quality of yield— more money. More than 300,000 Government and State Agricultural Experiment Stations, farmers, gardeners, orchardists, nurserymen and home owners have learned the full meaning and profit of right spraying at the right time. It has enabled them to prevent the ravishes of insects, blights, plant diseases— and to Get Finest Fruits, Best Vegetables, Biggest Crops You, too, can post yourself on spraying. Just send us your name and address. Back to you, free of charge, will come the valuable Spraying Guide. Also complete catalog of Send for our portfolio of Gar- den Decorations It will help you beautify your gardens. It's full of suggestions for the planning of every garden decoration from the most dig- nified pergola effects to the sim- plest of arbors, lattices, garden seats, etc. Our artists will gladly submit special suggestions — they can quickly put your ideasinto sketch form or give you the benefit of their experience. At any rate send for the port- folio now. It’s free for the asking. THE MATHEWS MANUFACTURING CO. 9th Floor Williamson Building Cleveland, Ohio No. 4 Planet Jr. Combined Hill and Drill Seeder, Wheel Hoe, Cultivator and Plow Soon pays for itself in the family garden as well as in larger acreage. Sows all garden seeds (in drills of in hills), plows, opens furrows and covers them, hoes and cultivates quickly and easily all through the season. Make your garden cultivation a real delight as well as a yielder of increased profits. Planet Jr. tools are the greatest time-, labor-, and money-savers ever invented for the farm and garden. They are made better, last longer, and do more thorough work. They are the tools for real economy. Fully guaranteed. No. 16 Planet Jr. Single Wheel Hoe, Cultivator, Plow and Rake. The highest type of Single Wheel Hoe made. Light but strong, and can be used by man, woman or boy. Equipped with hoes, plow, culti- vating teeth and rake attachments. Will do the cultivation in your garden in the easiest, quickest and best way. Handles are adjustable in height. Indestructible steel frame. No. 11 Planet Jr. Double Wheel Hoe, Cultivator, Plow and Rake. A single and double wheel-hoe in one. Straddles crops till 20 inches high, then works be- tween. The plows open furrows and cover them. The cultivator teeth work deep or shallow. The hoes are wonderful weed-killers. The rakes do fine cultivation and gather up trash. Unbreakable steel frame. The greatest hand cultivating tool in the world. 72-Page Catalog (168 illustrations) Free Describes 55 tools including Seeders, Wheel Hoes, Harrows, Orchard- and Beet- Cultivators. Write postal for it. S L Allen & Co ,!£ Philadelphia Pa What is a fair rental ,'or a given property? Ask the Readers ’ Service 116 T H E G A R 1) E N M A G A Z I N E March. 1915 in your lawn can be renovated by Invincible Grass Seed Mixtures Made up of the finest recleaned seed BUNYARD’S "BRITISH LAWNS” FORMULA This mixture is made from a famous British formula that produces the well known lawns so much admired. Price : 35c lb.; jo lbs. $ 3.2 3, per bushel. 20 lbs., $6.00 ; 10 bushels or more, $5.50 per bushel. BUNYARD’S CENTRAL PARK MIXTURE An excellent mixture for re-seeding run-down and worn out lawns. Price: 25c lb.; 10 lbs. $2.25; bushel S4.00. BUNYARD’S PUTTING GREEN MIXTURE Made up of grasses that will stand the wear and tear on the “Green.” Price : 50c. lb.; 10 lbs. $4.00 ; bushel, 20 lbs., $7.50. BUNYARD’S TERRACE MIXTURE Made up of grasses that are deep root- ing and will hold the soil. Price : 50c lb.; 10 lbs. $4.00 ; bushel, 20 lbs., $7. so. BUNYARD’S SHADY NOOK MIXTURE Specially prepared to grow under trees and where shade predominates. Price: 35c lb.; 10 lbs. $3.25 ; bushel, 20 lbs., $6.00. If you have “Lawn Trouble,” drop me a line and I will send you my in- teresting booklet “The Lawn Green.” HARRY A. BUNYARD Grass Seed Specialist 40 W. 28th St., New York City ANY-WEIGHT” BALLAST ROLLER T TSE A ROLLER of the right ^ weight and you will have a beautiful lawn. Light for the soft, tender spring lawn, heaviei as the season advances, the " Anyweight" exactly solves the lawn roller problem, giving the value of many for the price of one good appliance. Fills and empties quickly — no up- ending. Has rust-proofed acetylene wel ded shell— roller bearings- -adj ust- able counterpoise weights if ordered. FREE — A valuable treatise on Care of Lawns — Write today WILDER-STRONG IMPLEMENT COMPANY Soil Mixing Explained SOME months ago I noticed in The Garden Magazine a suggestion that it would be advisable for amateurs to visit a greenhouse and watch how the professional man went about doing the many little things in his line of work. The idea seemed such a good one that I adopted it with most satisfying results. I made it a point to visit different greenhouses at regular intervals, and each visit has given me some new suggestion in the hand- ling of plants that has been of the greatest advan- tage to me and has tended to make my gardening Making a potting soil of light and dark loam, finely sifted manure and coarse sand efforts more of a success than would have been possible without this technical knowledge. The first thing that interested me was the methods of mixing loam. In the first place a bench was cleared off and then in one corner was thrown dark loam, over this a layer of lighter loam, followed with finely sifted manure and coarse sand. When the mound had grown quite large the gardener took his shovel and, with a peculiar twist that is not easily acquired, Box 6 Monroe, Michigan After the ingredients have been thoroughly incorporated, the soil is ready for use AND why? — if you bad one you’d understand. The many superior points of construction, ball bearings, simple adjustment and ex- cellence of self-sharpening cutting parts make the “W & B” the first choice of lawn mower users. W£lSyANDn^'U' Clean Cutting A-/ Lawn Mowers represent 61 years’ experience in the manufacture of grass cutting knives. “Service” resulting from the superior quality of “W & B" Mowers is the testimonial from hosts of satisfied owners. Ask Your Dealer or write us for FREE interesting booklet telling how to select a lawn mower best suited to your needs. The Whitman & Barnes Mfg. Company Established 1854 General Offices . . . Akron, Ohio FACTORIES: — Chicago, Akron, O., St. Catharines, Ont. New York Office and Store, 64 Reade St. — Can- adian Offices, St. Catharines, Ont. — European Office, 149 Queen Victoria St., London, E. C., Export Sales Office. — A. J. Barnes, Mgr., 90 West St., New York. STANDARD EVERYWHERE Well Drilling Machines Have a Business Owners of “AMERICAN” Well Drilling and Pros- pecting Machines make large profits either as a reg- ular business or a side line. The demand for wells is large, and from our extensive line comprising 55) Styles and sizes, we can select a machine suitable for almost any locality or formation, and arranged for almqst ;nny kind of power. Write us your requirements. Catalog free on request. THE AMERICAN WELL WORKS General Office and Works: DEPT. 10, AURORA, ILL. Chicago Office: First National Bank Bldg. The Readers’ Service gives information about real estate .March. 1915 T II E C, A It D E N M A G A Z I N E 117 The Readers’ Service gives infor- mation about live stock. YOUR GARDEN will never be a disappointment if you plant and work it with tools like these — the operator walks upright, the seeder sows accurately in drills or hills and with the cultivator points, side hoes and plows you can do more in one hour than in a whole day the old way. Result, a much bet- ter garden and more pleasure in it. Garden Tools give you a large line to choose from. See your local dealer and ask us for book- let "Farm, Home and Market Garden - ing with Modern Tools.” Bateman M’f’g Co. Box 3512 Grenloch N. J. I I GARDEN ORNAMENTS for Country Grounds FROM beautiful flower vases in Cast Iron and Bronze to Fountains of artistic design, every- thing in metal ornaments for the garden and lawn is included in our productions. Whatever you require in this line you will find illustrated and described in one of our catalogues. We issue separate catalogues of Display Foun- tains, Drinking Fountains, Bird-Fountains, Elec- troliers, Vases, Grills and Gateways, Settees and Chairs, Statuary, Aquariums, Tree-Guards, Sanitary Fittings for Stable and Cow-Barn. Address: Ornamental Dept. THE J. L. MOTT IRON WORKS Fifth Avenue and 17th Street New York GILSON Johnny-OH^^ -the-gpot $32.50 He’s a trouble chaser — lengthens your days by lightening your labors. i£ H. P. Gasoline Engine. Skid or truck. Patent speed changing device and other exclusive improvements. Sizes, up to 15 H.P. Write for particulars.] Gilson Mfg. Co 93 Park St., Pt. Washington, Wis. The Readers’ Service gives informa- tion about real estate Cheap as Wood X FT™KX..11Hi direct, shipping to users only at manufacturers’ prices. Write /or free catalog UP-TO-DATE MFG. CO., 994 10th St., Terre Haute, Ind. ■ ■mi mini nimi mi in SMMMMMMMMMMMr Many styles shown Riiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiihiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii in new catalog, pmiilililiiiiiiiiiiilliiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii Write today. piiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii Direct From Factory — We Pay Freight Brown Lawn Fence and Gate cost less than wood, last^ longer and are more ornamental. Don’t buy any until you first see our complete line and dollar-saving prices. THE BROWN FENCE & WIRE CO. Department CLEVELAND. OHIO A Wire Fence Worth Looking Into THE posts have cast iron, three blade anchor bases, into which the steel post is cast. Not keyed or tamped to it, but lastingly gripped by the contraction of the base. Posts can be driven — reducing cost of digging holes. The wire is heavily galvanized and’of an attrac- tive mesh that will effectually keep out the smaller animals and chickens. For an all around utility fence, it’s hard to beat. The price is right. Send for further facts and figures and catalog. 0tSTEJiPFUSE Ip,ors Works ... 1131 E. 24th St., Indianapolis Ind. •ara ooo oOooqOo sis £gEAUTI^CYCLONE ORNAMENTAL FENCE THE man who takes pride in the appearance of home will find lasting satisfaction in surrounding with Cyclone-Waukegan Sanitary Fence. Substantial improvement in sanitary conditions follows wherever Cyclone-Waukegan Fence is put up, because it tends to turn mud holes into flower beds and discouragesaccumulations of rubbish. It affords an unobstructed view of the premises, a clear sweep for sunshine and fresh air at the fence line — no moisture, no decay. Reduces the fire risk. ... t** We build Cyclone-Waukegan Fence in various designs to suit your taste, with gates to match. It costs little, and 'EE^ej se constitutes a permanent repair-proof improvement, being built of heavy galvanized wire, firmly knotted^ Our engineering department will solve your fence problem. No charge for consultation service and estimates. Write us for Free Illustrated Catalog, showing different designs. CYCLONE FENCE CO., . Dept. 104, Waukegan, 111. Write to the Readers' Service for suggestions about garden furniture 1 IS T H E G A R D E N M A G A Z I N E March, 1915 Spraying Guide Free Spray Your Garden Hardie Sprayers will protect your trees, shrubs, vegetables and flowers and help them grow faster. The handy outfit shown here is just right for the small country place. Barrel holds 30 gallons, axle passes clear thru barrel makinga strong servicable sprayer that is very portable. Hardie Sprayers are high pressure sprayers because high pressure is essential for successful work. Their high quality is proved by their being chosen by the largest or- chard companies in America and big agricultural experiment stations. We specialize in the manufacture of sprayers. Send for catalog showing our com- plete line of bucket, barrel and power sprayers. HARDIE MFC. CO., Main Office and Factory: Hudson, Mich. Branch Offices: 49 North Front St.. Portland. Ore. 320 Market St., San Francisco, Cal. 1424 St. Louis Ave., Kansas City, Mo. Hagerstown, Md. Bullitt Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. Take care ofyourlrees, Shrubs and Flowers. W> They will reward you with '' more perfect fruit, look better and bear prettier flowers. To properly care for your nursery stock, you should spray. For more efficient work, use Deming SPRAY PUMPS Builtforhardworkand lasting service. There are styles and sizes for every need and pur- pose. “Success” Sprayer shown below is an ideal outfit for the homegarden. Spraying Guide Tells when and how pRpF* to spray for biggest results. Shows Deming Spray- ers in operation and gives opin- ionsfrom satisfied owners. Write for your cop*y and name of nearest dealer Today. The Deming Co. 236 Depot St., Salem, O. RR 'A The Morrill & Morley Way Use an Eclipse Spray Pump. Used by the U. S Department of Agriculture. Its construction is perfect. Illustrated cat- alogue free. Morrill A Morley Mfg. Co. Station 14, Benton Ilarbor.MIcli. Eclipse Spray Pump Campbell Irrigation We lead the world in overhead irrigation of all kinds. Send for revised edition of our booklet **Modern Irrigation” and literature describing our circular irrigation sprinklers, the Campbell Automatic and Campbell Turbo-Irrigator, and the new Automatic Oscillator for overhead pipes. J. P. Campbell, 170 Union Terminal Building, Jacksonville, Fia. Caup Ihp Trppc KiI1 San -,ose Scale. Aphis, White ua fC MIC 1 1 OGo Fly, etc., by spraying your trees with 5 GOOD'SpSFISH oil SOAP t\l?3 Sure death to tree pests. Contains nothing injurious to '1 trees — fertilizes the soil. Used and endorsed by U. S. ^ Dept, of Agriculture. CD CC Our valuable book on Tree and r l\£iC Plant Diseases. Write for it today. JAMES GOOD, Original Maker. 931 N. Front Street, Philadelphia Have you Gardening Questions ? Experts will answer them free. If a plant fails, tell us about it and ask help from Readers’ Service. Ellen Glasgow Gene Stratton- Porter says: “What a gift of expression she has! I know of no other woman and very few men who can equal her on this one point. She goes down among the fibres of the heart, her bright brain and keen wit cutting right and left with the pre- cision of a skilled surgeon.” Virginia “I confess to a prejudice, based upon painful experience against transatlantic fiction. The more honor then to Vir- ginia, before whose compelling charm I have had the pleas- ure of unconditional surrender. Miss Glasgow has created a single character, complete in absolutely human form. If American novels are going to display such quality as this, their historical definition as ‘dry goods’ will become mean- ingless.”— London Punch. Frontispiece. Net $1.35 OTHER BOOKS BY THE SAME AUTHOR THE ANCIENT LAW Net $1.35 THE BATTLE-GROUND Illustrated. Net $ 1.35 THE DELIVERANCE Illustrated. Net $ 1.35 THE FREEMAN and OTHER POEMS Boards. Net $1.50 Published by DOUBLEDAY. PAGE THE MILLER OF OLD CHURCH Net $1.35 THE ROMANCE OF A PLAIN MAN Net $1.35 THE VOICE OF THE PEOPLE Illustrated. Net $ 1 , 35 THE WHEEL OF LIFE Net $1.35 & COMPANY, Garden City, New York the loam was tossed to the other side of the bench and then back and forth until the ingredients were thoroughly incorporated. The condition of the mixture he judged by plung- ing his hand into it and letting it run through his fingers. He showed me that one kind of loam was not suitable for all plants and that there was a general rule to follow as to the kind and amount of ingre- dients to use for the various combinations. When he mixed the loam for ferns it was very rich — about three quarters loam and humus with a sprinkling of sand. For palms there was a smaller percentage of manure and the amount of sand was increased, while geraniums required little manure or humus but a rich loam with a liberal addition of coarse sand. It was a great surprise to me to see to what extent the sand was used. One gardener said that sand was used in every combination and should be the coarse, mason’s sand. Another thing I learned was that it is a mistake to take the soil out of the garden to use for potting house plants. When the gardener takes the soil from the garden he screens it, mixes fresh soil with it and tones it up with manure and sand, and after such preparation it is fit for use. In potting plants like azaleas the loam was rammed in with a stick, so hard that it seemed that some injury would be done to the roots. When potting such plants as geraniums, the earth was firmed by tapping the pot and pressing with the fingers. When cuttings were made they were thrown into a pail of water or covered with wet paper. They were not allowed to dry. Geranium cuttings were started in shallow boxes packed in close. Worms are driven out of the ground by an appli- cation of a solution of lime. This brings them to the surface in a hurry. New York. A. W. Duffy. The Peach-Leaved Bellflower THE peach-leaved bellflower (Campanula per- sicifolia) last year achieved a charming acci- dental group in my garden. Lovely as the flower is, and well as it happens to grow here, its color lacks definition in the border; it is too foggy a blue to be satisfying, left all to itself. Its white variety does not seem so hardy over winters here; and ever, when planted together, the white is not strong enough to tone up the blue. Last year I bought some of the alpine Aster subcaeruleus, and for no other reason than that I was in a hurry planted it down by the bellflowers and A delightful combination is the peach-leaved bellflower and the alpine aster The Readers’ Service will give you suggestions for the care of live-stock M A R C H , 1 i) 1 .) T H E G A R L) E N M A G A Z I N E 119 ‘HE Skinner System will water all as eas- A of your garden at one time, ily as io feet. Water falls in fine spray. One line will cover a strip 50 to 60 feet wide. Inexpensive. Practical. Durable. No mechanism. Can attach to pipe supply or to your lawn hose. A real “ Rain Machine.” Send for Booklet. OFFER A 50 Foot, Complete Portable Line, fully equipped for $11.75. Freight prepaid if remittance accompanies order. Will water 2,500 square feet. lOF- IRHIOATION The Skinner Irrigation Co v 219 Water St.. Troy. Lbio What You Want In a Spraying Outfit! The first essential is thorough spraying efficiency, then free- dom from defects, durability, service and dollar-for-dollar value. All this and more, you get in the Aymmotbp It isnt a SPPAMOTOR unless we made it The Readers’ Service will help solve your building problems. Send us your questions and difficult points The supremacy of the SPRAMOTOR in every class is un- questionable. Every machine bearing the name is built to endure. Its exclusive patented features will compel you to pronounce it the best you ever saw. Write for free booklet to-day. Made in U. S. A. No duty to pay Heard Spramotor Co. 2331 Erie St. Buffalo, New York Sherwin -Williams Dry Powdered Arsenate of Lead It’s all poison. You pay for no water. Will not freeze. Light in weight. Easy to handle. Sure death to insect pests. Longest adhesion. Won’t injure fruit or foliage. Sherwin -Williams Dry Powdered Fungi-Bordo Why take chances on home-made, guesswork Bordeaux Mixtures when it costs no more to use this scientific spray pre- pared by experts? A sure cure for all fungus growths. Sherwin -Williams Dry Powdered Tuber-Tonic Kills as quick as Paris Green. Sticks like Arsen- ate of Lead. Checks fun- gus as effectually as Bor- deaux Mixture. A three- in-one combination spray that keeps foliage grow- ing to the end of season. Send for our Spraying Literature The Sherwin-Williams Co. Insecticide and Fungicide Makers 667 Canal Road, Cleveland, O. Healthy Trees Perfect Apples when you spray with “ SC ALECIDE ” — the spray that’s endorsed the country over as “The one great dormant spray.” Mixed 1 to IS, it kills every scale it reaches or you get your money back. Guarantee with every pack- age. It’s easily prepared, non-corrosive and j non-clogging, lbbl. equals 3bbls. lime sul- phur. Destroys eggs, larvae and fungi in dormant s'ate. Simple, safe, economical. Send for free booklet, “Scalecide. the Tree Saver. " Write today, to Dept. I B. G. PRATT CO. 50 Church St., New York City SPRAT. f Rigs of I All Sizes For All Uses Junior Leader Orchard Sprayer with 2 H. P. engine. 3-plunger pump. High pressure. Automatic agitation of liquid, suction strainer is brush cleaned. We also make Bucket, Barrel. Mounted Potato Spray- ers, etc. A Sprayer For Every Need Free catalog. Spraying formulas Junior Leader Sprayer and spraying directions. Address Field Force Pump Co., Dept. H, Elmira, N. Y. ^Sprayed Nine Years Without a Mishap’^ eo writes E. C. Bowers. State Horticultural Inspector. Harrisburg, Pa- regarding his Goulds Sprayer used for heavy demonstration work. The thousands of Goulds Sprayers in use are giving the best of results — and there's one for every purpose. The Goulds "Monarch" outfit shown below is specially adapted for high pressure work not needing a power outfit. Operates 4 leads of hose— 8 nozzles; outside packed plungers — no leather; only one of the 25 styles of wmm mm GOUDDS RELIABLE )f4 \ it. —hand, barrel and power, $3 to $300. Dura* hie, non-corroding, easily cleaned. Guar- anteed. Backed by 65 years’ pump- making experience. Send today for free book “How to Spray” and ask for expert advice on your requirements. Both free . The Goulds Mfg. Co. Main Office and Works Seneca Falls, N.Y. Branches: Chicago, Houston, Boston, New York, Atlanta % sc? The Readers' Service is prepared to advise parents in regard to schools 130 T H E G A R D E N M A G A Z I N E March, 1915 <«^ our dealer s. write us. Garden Trowel No. K04 with Bent Neck Price$0.75 No K05 with Straight Neck Price $0.75 SUNDIALS Real Bronze Colonial Designs From $5.00 Up Also full line of Bird Fountains and other garden requisites. Manufactured by The M. D. JONES CO. 71 Portland St. Boston, Mass. Send for illustrated Price-List. Artistic Country Grounds Free expert criticism of plans. Suggestions on specific points. THE READERS’ SERVICE RflMnD A FOR flowers DVjIlUI\r\ AND VEGETABLES With your seed order, include Bonora. the greatest fertiliser in the world. Kevi Its are wonderful. Will make flowers and vegetables grow and bloom as if in the tropics, mature much earlier, and in abundance. If you have not used it. w rite for de- scriptive circular. Marvelous results. THOUSANDS USE IT. THOUSANDS ENDORSE IT. Luther Burbank, John Lewis Childs. Dingee and Conard say it is wonderful. Ask your dealer for it or order direc^. Put up in dry form: 12 oz. enough to make 21 gal. postpaid 50c 1 lb. " " “ 28 “ “ 75C 5 lbs. “ “ “ 140 “ " 3 °° 10 lbs? 280 “ ** 5-50 50 lbs. by freight 22.50 100 lbs, by freight 40.00 Bonora Chemical Company 518*517 Broadway, New York If you wish to systematize your business the Readers' Service may be able to ojfer suggestions March, 1915 T HE GARDEN MAGAZINE 121 We have issued a Very Interesting Catalogue on “PERGOLAS” AND GARDEN ACCESSORIES showing a series of new designs; can be had free on request. Catalogue ^ H 28 ^ for Pergolas and Columns for Pergolas. Catalogue H 40 for Exterior and Interior Wood Columns. Hartmann-Sanders Co. Exclusive Manufacturers of KOLL’S PATENT LOCK JOINT STAVE COLUMN Suitable for Pergolas, Porches or Interior Use Main Office and Factory: ELSTON and WEBSTER AVES. CHICAGO, ILLINOIS Eastern Office: 6 East 39th St., New York City mfmm Japanese Landscape Architect Twenty-four years’ experience in Japanese garden construction. A most unique garden made in a short time. T. R. Otsuka 414 So. Michigan Blvd. Chicago The Model Support For Tomatoes, Chrysanthemums Dahlias and Carnations Over 3,000,000 in Use Write for catalogue on Lawn and Flower Bed Guards, Tree Guards, Trellis and other garden specialties ‘ ‘For sale by all the leading seed houses” IGOE BROTHERS 67-71 Metropolitan Ave., Brooklyn, N.Y. Write the Readers’ Service for information regarding Real Estate. PftclOI, Ctrimnr, The most convenient way * UMK1 JldllipS of coHecting poster art. We have a few copies of the “ Poster Pack,” containing many beautiful and rare specimens. 15 cents postpaid Standard Publicity Service, 716 Perry Bldg., Phila., Pa. LV,M "to U S A PAT ol' MASS Underground Garbage Receiver Sets in the ground. Saves the battering of your can and scattering of contents from pounding out frozen garbage Sold Direct. Send for circular. Thousands in use. It pays to look us up. C. H. Stephenson. Mfr. , 40 Farrar St., Lynn >big Garden Trellises Portable — Everlasting — Inexpensive MADE in four kinds, to fit every possible use where a port- able support or trellis is needed for flowers, vegetables or vines. One kind solves forever the staking up problem of tomatoes, roses, golden glow, and the like. For beans and vines there is another kind. For sweet peas, or plants and vines of a heavier nature, we have both a portable wire, and a slat trellis. All the angle iron uprights, and the wire are heavily galvanized, and will not rust. Can be easily and quickly put up or taken down. Loops on the tomato trellis, shown at left, are adjustable in both size and height. Wire netting on the one at right, is secured to angle iron upright by simple, quick working binders. Absolutely nothing to get out of order. Pack away in small space. Last a life time. Not expensive. Send for prices and circular. The Powell Specialty Co. 31 Clinton St., Newark, N. J. Want Song Birds ? My Free Fook tells how to win Bluebirds, Wrens, Purple Martins, Tree Swallows, 'etc., to live in your garden. I have worked 19 years for our native birds; have hundreds in my garden; and have helped thousands of others to win birds. If you want birds this summer, write me. I build bird houses, shelters, baths, etc. Among them— Dodson Purple Martin House — 26 rooms and attic. Price, $12 — with all-copper roof, $15. Dodson Bluebird House — Solid oak, cypress roof, $5. Chickadee or Nuthatch Houses, f 1 .50 to $3.50. Flicker Houses, $2.50 to $5. Tree-Swallow House, $3. Bird Feeding Shelters, $1.50 to $10. Bird Baths — Zinc, $6; Cement, $17. The Famous Dodson Sparro\vlTrap catches au- tomatically. as many as 75 sparrows a day. Price, $5. Get rid of sparrows and so help the song birds. All prices are f.o.b. Chicago. Write for my free illustrated book —today. Joseph H. Dodson, 709 Security Bldg., Chicago Mr. Dodson is a Director of the Illinois Audubon Society. Wron House Price $.i. BLVtBlRO HOUSE. = k ^“Bird Houses-Lar^e £? Small — Send for our free portfolio containing 25 new designs. The finest line of bird houses in the world. We also make the most practical bird baths in ( existence. The Mathews Manufacturing Co. 940 Williamson Bldg. Cleveland, 0. “RE-MOVE-ABLE” CLOTHES POSTS Last a Lifetime Made of high-carbon gal- vanized steel tubing, filled with concrete. You drop them into the sockets and can remove them in a moment. Heavy steel sockets separate from posts. No skill needed to drive them. Save Cost of Digging Holes Adjustable Hook on each post makes clothes hanging easy. Don’t disfigure your lawn with short-lived wooden posts when the indestructible “RE-MOVE-ABLE” cost less. Write for Folder A or ask your dealer. MILWAUKEE STEEL POST CO. MILWAUKEE, WIS. Note: W e also make the well known “ R.e- Move-Able” Tennis Posts and Flag Poles . Mass. FLOWERING SHRUBS $2.00 OLD FAVORITES, but charming as ever. Some of them in bloom all the time from April to October. Perfectly Hardy. Succeed everywhere. Spirea Van Houttei White Snowball White Kerria Japonica Yellow Weigelia Eva Rathke Red Rosa Rugosa Red or White Forsythia Yellow Extra large, strong, established bushes: have (towered two years. The hIx for *'4 No matter what you may be interested in get our Catalog and Planting Guide, profusely illustrated, includes Nut Culture, Fruits, Poses, Shrubs, Evergreens, Free. GLEN BROS., Inc., Glenwood Nursery, Est. 1866, 1719 Main St., ROCHESTER, N. Y. Unless you add IIUMUS and PLANT FOODS to depleted soils you cannot expect results. DIAMOND BRAND COMPOST Well Rotted Horse Manure, Dried, Ground and Odorless Free from weed seeds, largely IIUMUS and abounds in plant foods. It will also stimulate bacteriological action in the soil. A large grower aptly says: “Stable Manure is the Only Thing Thai Supplies All the Needs for Truck Gardening, Greenhouses and Lawns, W ilh One Application.’ ’ Our Compost is convenient, high-grade and concentrated. Put up in bags, 100 lbs. each. WRITE FOR CIRCULAR “C” AND PRICES NEW YORK STABLE MANURE CO 273 WASHINGTON ST. JERSEY CITY, N J. The Reader*’ Service gives information about real estate THE GARDEN M A G A Z I N E M A RCH, 19 15 122 SUCCESTIONS FOK. THE HOME TABLE Con&uctecT <&y * EFFIE M . ROBINSON Mayonnaise and Mixers DID you ever have the feeling that you have found something so good that you really must share your knowledge of it with somebody else? Well, that is how I feel about Wesson Snowdrift oil! At last I have found an oil that I can eat. This sounds absurd, I suppose, but some oils are so much more “oily” than others and so much thicker that they seem to permeate the mayonnaise or dressing they are in. The flavor of the oil predominates over all other flavors and becomes so insistent as to be positively nauseating to some people. I have always had to refuse salad dressings made with oil as so seemingly indigestible that I could not eat them. But this oil of my “discovery” is so delicate in flavor and so light in texture that it makes an extremely delicate and creamy dressing, blending with the other ingredients and forming a smooth, soft mixture that far surpasses any dressing I have ever made. It mixes well, also, without separating, and with it dressing is much more easily made. Another fine trait about this oil is that it is a great deal cheaper than olive oil and is as good or better than the highest grade, most expensive olive oil you can buy. I never use any other kind for mayonnaise now. It can be used for all sorts of salad — vegetable, fish, meat, and fruits, etc. — and in salads there is infinite variety. Talking about mayonnaise and salads reminds me of the long and weary time it used to take to make a good dressing. It would usually take about an hour, and that is a good slice out of a busy housewife’s day or out of the cook’s time for preparing of meals. Of course this does not come every day as enough for a week can be made at one time and kept in the ice box. To make a perfect mayonnaise plenty of beating is necessary, constant stirring and beating, with oil added very, very slowly. But, there are some excel- lent mechanical mixers on the market now. One obviates the necessity of scales and measures and so is a real economy. The glass receptacle is plainly marked with dry and liquid measure and cup measures also, and as it is glass you can see in measur- ing exactly what you are doing. More About Butter Substitutes More and more I am giving up the use of animal fats in cookery, and I now only use dripping for frying meat, if a little is needed, and bacon or sausage fat for frying potatoes for lunch or supper. I certainly think the flavor of the bacon improves the taste of the po- tatoes. There, you see, you have my very point; animal iats impart their flavor to the article which is cooked in them. Also they very quickly turn rancid. Now, I have been hunting around for a fat that really tells what it is made of. We all know that ’margarine is a substitute for butter, because the advertisements tell us so. Also there are two or three vegetable oils recommended that I have tried and found excellent and that do all they claim to do; but I have been trying to find some fat to use that actually has on its package what it is made of, and I have found it. It has a peculiar name, Sawtay, with no meaning that I can make out, but it is made entirely of nut oils. I find cake made with it is excellent, being fine in texture and keeping moist longer than that made with butter. It has absolutely no flavor of its own, so simply cannot impart it to anything which is cooked, in it or with it. It costs about twenty-four cents a pound but as less of it is required than if butter is used it is not so expensive to use. Is It To Be Vanilla Always? There are many things, however, beside the kind of fat you use, that tend to make a good cake, and flavor- ing is one of them. There are other flavorings besides vanilla. For any one who likes the flavor of maple sugar, it would be well to try a maple flavor that I saw adver- tised. (You see I hunt up all these things, try them, and then tell you if they are, in my opinion, worth buying. A sort of “Readers’ Service” in cookery and table suggestions!) This maple flavor is only a flavor; it is not pure maple, nor does it claim to be, but the flavor is good and it makes a change. I put it right into pound cake and it is most delicious. Only remem- ber that it makes the cake a dark color. Maple cream cakes have always been made, I know, but I am sug- gesting putting the flavor right in your loaf cake or small cakes. I also flavored syrup with it for pears and apples, and found it blended well. The manufacturers of Mapleine suggest using it in soups and gravies and sauces. I have not tried it so, but I can say that a few drops would darken and enrich the look of a gravy or sauce and would prove very useful, as it blends readily with other ingredients. I have used it as a flavor for milk pudding and like it well. Sometimes, instead, I use essence of almonds as a change from the eternal vanilla. Lemon flavoring is liked sometimes, but must be used very sparingly or you will be told, as was a friend of mine, that you have made your cake with bad eggs! An overdose of lemon gives a very peculiar flavor. Use More Dates! Another article of diet that I am quite sure is good to use, and that can often take the place of currants or raisins for a change, is the date. I made a most delicious pudding the other day which I called “glori- fied” bread and butter pudding. Take thin slices of bread and butter and, for a pint of custard, use two eggs to a pint of scalded milk and two tablespoonfuls of sugar. Take about a dozen or a dozen and a half, or about half a package of good, clean dates. I prefer the packed dates at ten cents a package to having them cut off with a knife from a large lump of dates that have been standing in a store, uncovered, for goodness knows how long. Cut the dates in half, remove the stones, and put a layer of them alternated with a layer of bread and butter and a layer of crumbled almond macaroons; over this pour the boiling custard. Now let it stand until the bread is a bit softened and then put it into a moderate oven and bake it. The crisp crusts and delicate custard make a most delicious dessert. Milk puddings contain very much nourishment, but are often insipid unless something highly flavored is added; or they can be served with stewed fruit or preserves and cake. Accuracy in Measure Another handy little device I picked up the other day was a set of spoons for measuring. I cannot be too emphatic in my plea for accuracy in cooking measures - — I think it is just as important as in medicine and it is certainly easier than guess work. These little spoons are plainly marked and measure one teaspoonful, half a teaspoonful and a quarter of a teaspoonful — measures that are very hard if you are not quite expert at dividing up a teaspoonful, and that are too small to weigh. ROYAL BAKING POWDER ABSOLUTELY PURE Makes the food finer in appear- ance, more delicious to the taste, more healthful. Royal is the aid to many a cook’s success. NO ALUM— NO LIME PHOSPHATES. The Kewpies and the Sensible Woman “Oh, Bobbie!” Nan says, happily> “See what the dear little Kewpies have brought us! Don’t they Know what we like?” And Bobbie says, “Hoo-e-e! 1 guess they do.” The wise Kewpies are always doing the right thing to make little and big folks comfortable, contented and happy, and of course they know, just as sensible women know, that good things to eat are one of the first con- siderations. No sensible woman will overlook the easy way when she wishes to serve a particularly delicious dessert, for the low cost and the delightful flavor as well as the ease of preparation of Jell-O, are too well known for that. Jell-O is put up in seven pure fruit flavors : Strawberry, Raspberry, Lemon, Orange, Cherry, Peach, Chocolate. Each 10 cents at grocers . Dozens of the most beautiful and delicious Jell-O desserts are described in the Kew- pie Jell-O Book for which Rose O’Neill, the famous “mother of the Kewpies,” has made some of her greatest Kewpie pictures. A copy of the book will be sent to you free if you will write and ask us for the Kewpie Jell-O Book. THE GENESEE PURE FOOD CO., LeRoy, N. Y., and Bridgeburg, Can. The Readers' Service gives information about real estate March, 1 !) 1 5 T H E G A R D E N M A G A Z I N E 123 FREE The Factor of Safety in the Human Body This booklet tells you how to keep tab on your strength reserve. We mail it on receipt of postcard request. If you ask in a letter enclosing six 2c. stamps, we will also send a sample copy of Good Health — the pocket magazine which teaches you how to keep well. Address your postcard or letter: Good Health Publishing Co. 5303 W. Main St. Battle Creek, Mich. Monroe Modern Sleeping Porch fitted with Wilson’s Blinds Practically makes an Outdoor room of the ordi- nary porch ; a room at night, a piazza by day. WILSON’S VENETIANS for outside and inside of town and country houses; very durable, convenient and artistic. Special Outside Venetians most practical and useful form of Venetian yet devised for porches and windows; excludes the sun, ad- mits the breeze; keeps out the rain. For Illustrated Booklet specify “ Venetian 4” Orders should be placed now for spring or summer delivery. The J. G. Wilson Corporation 1 &, 8 West 549th 8t. New York After May 1 — 8 West 40th St.,N.Y. Also Inside Venetians; Itolline Partitions, Bolling Steel Shutters, Burglar and Fire- proof Steel Curtains, Wood Block Floors. Is Your Refrigerator Poisoning Your Food? “ Using about one third the ice the others did." T. G. Mackie, New Orleans. “ Cut ice bills from $36 to $8." T. W. Wil- liams, Milwaukee. " Reduced ice bills nearly 40 per cent." Dr. B. H. Wells, Southport, Conn. “ Much more economi- cal than any other of several I have had." Dr.O. B. Shreve, Salem, Mass. “ Saved about 50 lbs. of ice per day over another make of same size.” W. M. Rieke, Paducah, Ky. “ An ice saver, a germ pr even tor, hence a health preserver to any family." Dr. Chas. Hupe, Lafayette, Indi- ana. ** Economical in use of ice, and preserving in best manner articles placed in it." Dr.R.E. Starkweather. Evanston Ills. once for Free Book uboiit refrigerators It tells you how to select the home refrigerator — how to keep food longer without spoiling — how to cut down ice bills — how to guard against sickness — doctor s bills. Sta. 14 B, Lockland, 0. A leading medical authority says: “ A poor refrigerator means not only wasted ice but often wasted lives from spoiled food.” Read what physicians and others say about wonderful ice- saving and healtn protection the Monroe affords. The Monroe food compartments are Genuine Solid Porcelain ware — in one piece — over an inch thick — every corner rounded. Not cheap porcelain-emunel on metal base — but one piece of white unbreakable porcelain ware which can be easily kept free of germs — no cracks, joints, or corners -■ nothing to break or chip. 30 Days Trial — Cash or Credit Sold direct from factory at factory price. Freight paid and all money back if not absolutely satisfactory. Monroe Refrigerator Co. (Established 1868) ALL ARE WISE WHO-O-O-O WHO DECIDE EARLY TO BEAUTIFY Their homes and grounds, to make them an attraction to the community, a pleasure to their neighbors, and a comfort to them- selves through the careful, judicious choice of the very best SHRUBS, TREES AND PLANTS We will gladly give you skilled advice on any question of planting OUR 1915 CATALOG IS READY NEW ENGLAND NURSERIES 219 Concord Road, Bedford, Mass. IO SPECIAL OFFER IO Shrubs and Vines Our Cottage Garden Collection, delivered at planting time 1 Wisteria FOR 1 White Lilac 1 Boston Ivy ___ 1 Golden Spirea 1 Climbing Rose 1 Deutzia 1 Bridal Wreath ^ 1 Pink Honeysuckle 1 Hydrangea 1 Golden Bell Order Now. Stock Limited. Send P. O. Money Order O. VAN LEEUWEN & CO. Worcester, Mass. Reference; Worcester National Bank Gladiolus, Dahlias, Roses Choice stock for spring planting. The kind that is sure to grow and bloom. We have good collec- tions of the very best varieties. Send postal for 1915 catalogue. N. A. Hallauer, Fruitland, N. Y. FFER for 1915 TO acquaint you with the superior quality of Hen- derson’s Tested Seeds and to quickly obtain a large distribution for our 204-page 1915 catalog — “Everything for the Garden” — we make you the re- markable and unusual offer described in the panel. 100% Pleasure, 1000% Profit Your own garden is a source of wonderful pleasure and profit. It keeps you outdoors, fills your lungs with fresh air, makes your cheeks glow, tones up your entire system. A small plot of ground, 25 x 50 feet, with a reasonable amount of cultivation and planted with seeds of tested quality, such as Henderson’s, should supply all the vegetables required by a family of six or seven. All for lOc. 1 “Everything for the Garden”|our 204-page 1915 catalog. Contains 8 colored plates and 1000 illus- trations. A library of everything worth while for the gardener and farmer. 2 Henderson’s Garden Plans. A series of sug- gested layouts for your garden — unusually interest- ing and helpful. 3 Henderson’s genuine Ponderosa Tomato. The grandest tomato on earth. Magnificent size, solid and meaty. 4 Henderson’s Big Boston Lettuce. A grand large head lettuce. Compact, tender, crisp. 5Henderson’sWh*te Tipped Scarlet Radish. Of quirk growth, small top, flesh white, mild and crisp. 6 Henderson’s Butterfly Pansies. Mixed colors. Largest flowers and a magnificent variety of colorings. 7 Henderson’s Invincible Asters. Mixed colors. Immense double flowers, on large stems. 8 Henderson’s Eckford Giant Flowering Sweet (Peas. Mixed colors. A glorified new race, surpassingly superior to the older sorts. 9 Coupon envelope accepted by us as 25c. toward any order of not less than $1.00 / for our seeds, plants and bulbs. “Everything for the Garden is the title of our annual catalog. It is a book of 204 pages, handsomely bound with a beautifully embossed cover, contains 8 color plates. 1000 illustrations, and information of value to every gardener, experienced or beginner. It is a library of everything worth while for the gardener, farmer or lover of flowers. Send lOc. now with coupon — or a letter mentioning this publication — for our 1915 collection of six specialties, our beautiful catalog, “Everything for the Garden,” “Garden Plants.” and envel- ope worth 25c. 3*I5 Peter Henderson & Company 35-37 Cortiandt St., New York City I enclose herewith ioc. for which send catalog “Everything for the Garden," and complete cultural directions. Henderson’s Garden Plans" and Henderson’s Specialty Collection" as advertised in Garden Magazine. Peter Henderson & Co 35&37 CORTLANDT ST.< • New York City The latest books on travel and biography may be obtained through the Readers' Service 124 T II E GARDEN MAGAZINE M ARCH, 1 !) 1 IIIIIIIIIIHIffllllllllllllll Our New Red Sunflower TO know our “New Red Sun- flower” is to love it. For tall borders and in shrubbery, it is most effective. It’s six feet of height are full of grace and distinc- tion, whether on a large or small place. 1 he illustration below gives but a faint idea of its real beauty which lies much in its brilliant coloring: dark center with petals of bright rich red, merging to yellow at the tips. We want you to grow this wonder- ful flower this year, and will send a generous package of the seed and our 1915 Spring Catalogue (of 144 pages) for ten cents in stamps or money. IV e believe a good many will ask f0T this: better write promptly to make sure of yours. J. M, Thorburn & Co. 53 B Barclay St., through to 54 Park Place New York Cassia and Calliopsis CASSIA marilandica is a background plant rather curious than pretty, but of possible color use in some situations. It blooms from the upper leaf axils during July, short racemes of yellow blossom standing out from the unbranched whippy shoots that the crown throws up every season. The leaves are of the general pattern of those of the white honey locust, though of half the size, and lacking the silvery shimmer and finish of the locust greenery; in fact, the cassia has what house painters call a “flat finish” in a calsomined ceiling — dull and unpolished to a degree in a garden of phloxes, peonies, physostegia, and other better greens. It is a plant fundamentally lacking in “style,” as a milliner would say. But by the color and height of its bloom, the ocherous chrome heavily laced with black stamens in forty clusters at once, it has the curious property of duplicating, at three and four feet high, the exact color of a bed of brown-eyed yellow calliopsis, that useful annual of cottagers, beginners, and busy people. The calliopsis grows to twenty inches or so all over the bed, and there it stops; and unless it be grown against a boulder wall, or a flat ivied surface rising directly behind it, the calliopsis never im- presses the beholder as in any sense a landscape flower. Useful as it is, hardy and sure and useful in summer house bouquets, the calliopsis is too apt to keep low company; it somehow does not seem out of place among scenic features like the dog- kennel or the trash barrel. It is “plain and com- mon in its ways.” And for some aesthetic bo- tanical reason, its stature has kept it down in the garden society. It has no rising friends, no dig- nified mates and companions of its own color but greater height. Where it spreads its opulent color, it makes neither “a carpet” nor “a fountain” nor “a mass”; its sum total is nothing but “a patch.” The cassia centres a bed of calliopsis, and agrees with it surprisingly well. Against brown rocks — or, for that matter against a steel-gray emptiness of sea distance — the two plants compose a splendid barbaric border. The cassia lives from year to year, branching anew each season from the root- stock; the calliopsis sows itself and needs no care. A wide edge of ribbon grass, if one has space, is handsome and prevents the calliopsis from being lodged during rainstorms. Pennsylvania. E. S. Johnson. Some “Best” Roses OF SOME seventeen varieties of Hybrid Tea roses that I have had growing in my garden, the best red ones are Kaiser Wilhelm II and Gruss an Teplitz. The former is the reddest, largest, sweetest red rose I have ever seen. It makes a small, symmetrical bush and in my garden a row of them stand in front of a row of Gruss an Teplitz. The blooms are not so profuse as the Teplitz. They are high pointed, shaped like Kaiserin Augusta Victoria, and very sweet. Gruss an Teplitz I considered the best bedder of the red roses. It is very hardy and will grow and bloom in any soil. With me it makes 5-foot canes thickly studded with branches, and I have cut as many as twenty-two blooms from one tip. 1 have also in my garden about fifteen varieties of semi-double roses, which I consider the aristo- crats of my roses. These are all hardy and quite easy to grow. Of them the following five I con- sider best: Harry Kirk, absolute perfection in texture and outline, colored a soft, deep citron yellow. But alack! If it opens in hot sun the exquisite yellow is transformed into deep cream. Mme. Philippe Rivoire opens an apricot yellow with scant petals in hot weather; but a few cool days gives great, peachy-hearted blooms. Mrs. A. R. Waddell starts out with golden buds which burst into a shell pink and corn yellow, ballet- skirted affairs that flutter like butterflies in the breeze. Nita Weldon is yellow hearted, cream edged with blush. Betty is a gay pink-yellow and yellow-pink, flaunting and flirty, sometimes quite luxurious but often a draggled rag. Oregon. Mrs. John Rawley. COMPLETE VEGETABLE AND FLOWER GARDEN FOR ONE DOLLAR We will mail to any address in the U. S. 10 Full Size Packets of the choicest vegetables and 15 Full Size Packets of the most beautiful flowers All new crop tested seeds of best quality for ONE DOLLAR To everyone sending for this collection at once we will in- clude absolutely free a packet of the Wonderful New Red Annual Sunflower (without whLh no garden is complete). Our catalog will help you to success in your garden. We have reserved a copy for you. Send for it to-day. Get the Catalog anyhow — (IT'S FREE ) J. J. WILSON SEED CO. Newark, N. J. “ Honesty First** Get Reillys’ Free Fruit Book. It tells you every- thing about fruit and how to grow it. 300.000 Apple at 3j£c. each 250.000 Pear “ 6c. « 150.000 Peach “ 5c. “ Buy direct from the growers. Reilley t trees are absolutely true to name. ‘ Write to-day. REILLY BROS. NURSERIES, 470 Reilly Road, Dansvllle, N. Y. GOOD SEEDS BEST IN THE WORLD New Crop Grown at Farmer Prices. In addition a lot of extra FREE SEEDS thrown in with every order. BIG SEED BOOK FREE Our Grand Big Illustrated Catalog of all Farm and Garden Seeds is now ready and free to you. Write for it today. Send names and address of neighbors who buy seeds. Address RATEKIN’S SEED HOUSE SHENANDOAH, IOWA Box O HAVING in 1904 sold Keith’s Magazine, founded by me, ten of the best recent ex- amples of bungalows and houses will appear monthly in SHORT STORIES Magazine (newsstands 15c.) and $1.00 for six issues gives you 60 practical plans, 60 short stories, 6 com- plete novels by high-class popular authors and your choice of any of my new $1.00 cloth bound plan books listed below. 172 Cottages & Bungalows $1.00 140 cstg. $500 to $2000 1.00 138 “ $2000 to $2500 1.00 124 “ $2500 to $3000 1.00 121 “ $3000 to $4000 1.00 123 “ $4000 and up 1.00 WALTER J. KEITH, Archt. Suite 858, 11 W. 32nd St. New York, N. Y. If a problem grows in your garden write to the Reader's Sendee for assistance March, 1915 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE W5 The California of the Gold Rush Days Before taking your Exposition Trip read Stewart Edward White’s vivid picture in GOLD By Stewart Edward White A Forty-niner writes: “It shows California just as I knew it. He describes ’Frisco just as I remember it — the mud and the gambling and the Vigilantes.” — H. L. Van Scoy. The Bookman adds: "It is not merely a story of the rough life of the gold fields that Mr. White has written; it is the depicting of the birth of an empire. It is this which gives his book the epic quality.” Illustrated by Thomas Fogarty. Net $1.35 Other Books by Stewart Edward White The Adventures of Bobby Orde. Illustrated - - - - Net$ 1.20 African Camp Fires. Illustrated “ 1.50 Arizona Nights. Illustrated - - “ 1.35 The Blazed Trail. Illustrated - “ 1.35 Blazed Trail Stories. Illustrated “ 1.35 The Cabin. Illustrated- - - - “ 1.50 Camp and Trail. Illustrated - - “ 1.25 The Claim Jumpers - - - - “ 1.35 The Forest. Illustrated - - - “ 1.50 The Land of Footprints. Illustrated “ 1.50 The Mountains. Illustrated - - “ 1.50 The Mystery (with Sam’l Hopkins Adams) - -- -- -- - “ 1.35 The Pass. Illustrated - - - - “ 1.25 The Riverman. Illustrated - - “ 1.35 The Rules of the Game. Illustrated “ 1.40 The Silent Places. Illustrated - “ 1.35 The Westerners ------ “ 1.35 The Rediscovered Country A new book of African exploration and big game hunting by Stewart Edward White (Coming March 26th) Illustrated, - - - Net, $2.00 Doubleday, Page & Company Garden City New York Percy Mac Kaye LIST OF PLAYS NOW READY I. Kindling. By Charles Kenyon II. A Thousand Years Ago. By Percy MacKaye III. The Great Galeoto By Josi Echegaray IV. The Sunken Bell By Gerhart Hauptmann V. Mary Goes First By Henry Arthur Jones VI. Her Husband's Wife By A.E. Thomas JUST OUT Vol. VII. Change A Welsh Play BY J. O. FRANCIS Vol. VIII. Marta of the Lowlands By Angel Guimera Translated by Wallace Gillpatrick COMING Vol. IX. Patrie! By Victorien Sardou A stirring, dramatic pres- entation of the Spanish occupation of Belgium. With a change of names, the play might well have been writtenof the Belgium of 1915. Vol. X. The Thief By Henry Bernstein Bernstein’s best known work in this country, bril- liantly produced by Mme. Simone and continually re- vived for its artistic and emotional strength. Henry Arthur Jones These Well Known Dramatists are Contributors to the Series Gerhart Hauptmann Henry Arthur Jones A. E. Thomas Jose Echegaray Percy MacKaye Henry Bernstein Victorien Sardou Charles Kenyon J. 0. Francis Angel Guimera The Books are tastefully bound in boards. Introduc- tions are i n - cluded in many cases and the books are designed to form a library of permanent value. They retail for 75 cents a copy. Note: — To any one who is interested in The Drama League and the above series of plays, a booklet describing them will be sent free upon request to tbe publishers. Doubleday, Page & Co. Garden City New York Angel Guimera A. E. Thomas The Drama League Series of Plays Daniel Frohman writes: I he collection of modern plays in the permanent form offered by the Drama League Publications, will form a valuable and interesting study of the works of the period. 1 here are changes in the fashion of plays as there are fashions in gar- ments, though essential human na- ture remains the same; and such a study is not only an advantage to the drama lovers of to-day, but to the students of the future.” Memorandum from the Suggestion Department Advertising suggestions are furnished free by this department to old and new and prospective advertisers in The Garden Magazine. This service enables our advertisers to reach our readers by a more direct route than is many times taken. This “Open Sesame” is advertis- ing that conforms as much as may be to the general taste of the readers of that magazine in which it is published. Being on “The In- side,” we are able to suggest how our readers may be best interested in your product. This service is entirely supplementary to that of those who have regular methods of handling their advertising. It is a primary service to those who have not regular publicity systems of their own, or at their command. So if you contemplate taking advertising space and desire our assistance, it is yours on request. W rite giving full particulars and descriptive literature. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE, Advertising Department. 1 1 West 32nd Street. New York Write to the Readers' Service for suggestions about garden furniture 126 T II E GARDEN M A G AZIN E March, 1915 You — Everyone — Can Learn to Play Billiards at Home! This is everybody’s royal game. Now, thanks to Brunswick tables, the real science of billiards can be enjoyed in your home though it be a cottage. What better fun for young or old? The practice itself is the greatest home fun you know. And you can easily afford, it on our exceptionally easy terms which are offered to you nw. Try it 30 days. Brunswick Home Billiard Tables Built exactly like our famous regulation tables — for all games of Carom and Pocket Billiards — yet sizes and designs that harmonize with home surroundings. Men who are wizards at billiards — Hoppe, Sutton, Inman — per- form their hardest shots on these home styles. Life, speed, accur- acy— all scientific playing qualities are attained. “GRAND” and “BABY GRAND” The ‘‘GRAND’’ and “BABY GRAND” are superbly made of rare and beautiful mahogany, richly inlaid. Have genuine Vermont slate bed. Monarch cushions — famed for lightning action— and fast imported billiard cloth. A Year to Pay — Playing Outfit FREE Our popular purchase plan lets you try any Brunswick 30 days before you buy — then pay monthly as you play — terms as low as 20 cents a day! Balls. Hand-Tapered Cues, Rack. Markers. Spirit Level. Tips, Cue Clamps, Table Cover, Chalk, Brush, expert rules on * How to Play," etc., etc., all in- cluded complete, without extra cost. Now get our famous billiard book, “Billiards — The Home Magnet," that pictures all Brunswick Home Tables in actual colors, gives low factory prices and full details. Sent FKEE . Use the coupon while the edition lasts. Mail Ibr Billiard BookFREE I The Brunswick-Balke-Collender Co. Dept. 13F, 623-633 S. Wabash Av., Chicago | Send me postpaid, free, color-illustrated catalog — “Billiards — The Home Magnet” I with details of your 30-day trial offer. j Name (410) * Address THE READERS’ SERVICE gives information regarding Poultry, Ken- nel and Live Stock. Apples $10 per 100 Hardy, healthy 3-year old trees. Good tops, heavy roots. Grown in the fertile Genesee valley. Peach Trees $8 per 100. Grape Vines, Berry Plants, Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Roses Complete assortment, first-class stock, lowest wholesale prices. Buy di- rect from grower. Send for catalog today. JgroversW 1 1 TREES CGROW4 Grover Nursery Co. 94 Trust Building ROCHESTER, N. Y. How to Have Success with Roses ONE thing you should keep steadfastly in mind when buying rose plants is that the American rose need offer no apology for its existence and that the title “home grown” should be looked upon with favor rather than with suspicion. Be willing to pay a fair price for your rose plants, have them on their own roots or budded low, and buy from a reputable firm. Then give them the care that is necessary for all plants in the open. Because of a very natural desire to dig up a bar- gain we are very apt to accept stock without sufficient investigation, shutting our eyes to its very obvious faults simply because the pi ice is low. These plants are budded on stock with a stem any- where from six inches to two feet long, horti- cultural giraffes, with bunches of fibreless roots that need pro- fessional handling to coax even a meagre yield of blossoms. And they are apt to sucker. When your stock is received from the nur- sery do not make the very common mistake of supposing that just because the plants are dormant they do not require careful hand- ling. Get them into the ground just as soon as possible. If some- thing makes immedi- ate planting impos- sible, unpack the roses and either heel them in the ground, in trenches, or puddle the roots in mud or put them in water. The object is to keep the roots from drying up, which is injurious even to dormant plants. After the rose plants are in the ground they will require constant attention. You must be “on the job” from the appearance of the first leaf through all the subsequent weeks, ever ready to fight off the host of pests that await an opportunity to destroy. Daily spraying will ward off more than 80 per cent, of all rose troubles. Use a strong The same plant with the sucker removed. Not very much is left! stream and go into all the “d{irk corners” of the plants, flooding out the enemy. A handy thing to use for this work is a right-angled sprayer that can be fitted on the hose and with its graduated spray very effective work can be easily done. In conjunction with this another sprayer, made from a rose such as is on watering pots, can be fitted with a coupling with which to fasten it to the hose. These two sprayers should be used daily with a good force of water. An early application of hellebore, should be sifted on from a tin can kept for that purpose. Massachusetts. L. J. Doogue. We desire to call attention to A Few Specialties which we believe we have in larger supply and of better quality than can generally be obtained. All of our EVERGREENS are trimmed transplanted, and root pruned frequently, and will lift with fine balls of earth. Our stock of large specimen Rhododendrons is unequaled. We grow only the very hardiest varieties — those that have been tested and that are thoroughly dependable. We believe we have the largest stock of large specimen rhodo- dendrons to be found anywhere in this country. Our plants have been grown on our own grounds for a dozen or more years, and are thoroughly ac- climatized, so that they are preferable to any imported plants. While we can supply smaller sized plants, we are particularly strong on plants ranging in height from three to six feet. We call particular attention, also, to the following Evergreens Very large specimen Hemlocks from six to twelve feet in height, sheared, fine compact specimens, exceptionally fine stock. Juniperus Virginiana glauca, fine pyramidal spec- imens four to eight feet in height. Juniperus Pfitzeriana, large stock of fine speci- mens from two to six feet in height. Thuya Standishi, or Sitka Arbor Vitae, the hard- iest of all arbor vitas. Fine specimens five to nine feet in height. Colorado Blue Spruce. Our stock of this in large specimen trees is unequaled. We can supply trees in any size from three to twelve feet in height — absolutely perfect specimens, all of the true Koster type. Very low prices for carload lots. Taxus cuspidata. We have an unequaled stock of this rare and valuable evergreen, which we can supply from three to four feet in height — broad, fine, perfect specimens. Dogwoods We have an unusually fine stock of very large specimens of 'While- flowered Dogwoods — one of the most beautiful of our American trees — plants ranging in height from six to twelve feet; also a fine lot of Red-flowered Dogwoods five to six feet in height. These large red-flowered dogwoods are very scarce. Japanese Maples An unusually fine lot of specimen plants of atropurpureum sanguineum and dissectum, well- grown specimens from four to six feet in height. Hydrangeas Grown in large tubs and half -barrels for summer - blooming, Otaksa and the new French varieties. Catalogue of “Choice Ornamental Trees and Shrubs” mailed free on application. Roses We make a specialty of roses and will be glad to quote, on application, prices on all the new and standard varieties particularly among which may be mentioned Prince E. C. d’Aren- berg, Francis Scott Key and Ophelia, Killamey Queen, etc. F. R. PIERSON Tarrytown-on-Hudson, New York Telephone: Tarrytown, 48 The Readers’ Service will give information about automobiles March, 1915 T II E G A It 1) E N M A G A Z I N E 127 Take Your Place in the World Many of our most successful men of to-day, filling posts of the greatest responsibility, are SELF-MADE MEN, and have won their laurels by aggressiveness and a determina- tion to succeed. These men, thrown on their own resources, learned the value of money and realized if they were to forge ahead every possible spare moment must be converted in- to money. To-day the same battle for advancement is being fought by thousands of poor ambitious men and women determined to take their place in the world. These people are filling every spare minute with some profit- able occupation. If you are a student, what plans have you made to convert the summer vacation time into one of profitable value ? If you are not a student and have spare time, and are desirous of increasing your income, the propo- sition we have to offer is just as in- teresting. We publish The World’s Work Country Life in America The Garden Magazine we want these publications intro- duced to the right kind of people. Making this introduction is an oc- cupation of pleasureand profit. We pay liberal commissions, and the appeal of our magazines is strongest to the class of people you want to come in con- tact with. Write for particulars Circulation Department Doubleday, Page & Co. Garden City New York Do You Use Photographs To illustrate articles and advertising matter? Our file of 75,000 various subjects, is at your disposal. / llustration Department DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY I I West 32nd Street, New York City Your Own Escaping— j A concise, easily understood explanation of the principles of Landscape Gardening, with directions for adapting them to any home. Especially valuable for owners of small and medium -size grounds. Many planting plans— with planting keys to show correct methods of landscaping. Tells how to be your own landscape 1 architect — how to properly plant your place ■ — best shade trees and ornamentals to use / to obtain desired effects. A new depar- ture— only book of its kind — written by practical experts. Landscaping Simplified of STARK BROS. With the Compliments Genuine J. H. Hale— ^0"le prices. Best peach to follow Stark Early Elberta— very large, highly colored, more profitable than old Elberta. Has great record in our Louisiana, Mo., orchards. Wholesale Catalog Free — i^?k°BrosinNew Wholesale Catalog, containing special wholesale prices, also the famous “Story of an Apple.” Describes every money- making sort— shows you how to buy the best proved trees. Don't fail to get this splendid free book— also fLandscaping Simplified." Write us today. will save you big money. Edition is limited — ask for your free copy now (use coupon). We save you money on ornamentals — on everything for your lawn, garden, orchard or farm. Published by the century-old nursery company that has given to the world the great Stark Delicious — *he ™orld’s preatest Apple— surest money- maker—tops all markets — unequalled in quality. Should be in every garden and orchard. Stark Early Elberta-^X^lS greatest for shipping, marketing and canning — two weeks ahead of old Elberta and J. H. Hale— thor- oughly tested — succeeds in all peach sections. Stark Bros. Box 121 Louisiana, Mo. STARK BROS., Box 1 21 Louisiana, Mo. Please send free copy of great new book, "Landscaping ’ ■ Simplified." which will tell me how to be my own Landscape * | Architect— free. I am interested in □ Stark Delicioua □ Stark Early Elberta ( Hale □ Wholesale Catalog | Other Fruits □ Grapes and Berries I I I J. H. :□ II may need about trees. I Number I Name ... | ^^4 ddress An Impartial Picture of the Most Interesting Man in Europe The Kaiser OVER 50 UNUSUAL ILLUSTRATIONS Net $2.00 The Washington Star says: This book is a well balanced analysis of the character and career of the German emperor, prepared with a view to an exposition of his person- ality and his influences with refer- ence to the present great struggle in Europe. The book is well worth reading for the sake of the clear view it affords of the predominant figure. DOUBLEDAY PAGE & COMPANY Garden City, New York What is a fair rental for a given property? Ask the Readers' Service 1-28 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE March, 1915 Totty’s ’Mums “Marion Sutherland” is one of the Novelties in the Sin- gle type of ’Mums, for this year! Suitable for garden or conserva- tory. Color is a most brilliant, golden yellow! We were the introducers of this type of ’Mum, also the Early Flowering and the best of the greenhouse sorts. Handling, as we do, more Chrysanthemums than any other house in the world, we can supply your wants for any purpose and in any quantity. Our catalogue which describes over four hundred varieties, and containing a full list of Novelty and Standard ROSES and CARNA- TIONS, will be mailed on request. Let’s Get Acquainted! Note this Special Introductory Offer We will send you a dozen assorted HARDY ’MUMS, of the newest types and include one plant of “Marion Sutherland” prepaid to any address for $2.00. CHARLES H. TOTTY Madison New Jersey Charles H. Totty, Madison, N. J. I enclose herewith $2.00 for which please send me, as advertised in March Garden Magazine, a dozen assorted Hardy ’Mums, of the newest types, and include one plant of “Marion Suther- land.” Name No Street Town State Meetings and Exhibitions in March 2, 3. Illinois State Florists’ Association, Urbana, 111.: tenth annual convention. 4. 5. Worcester County Horticultural Society, Worcester, Mass.: spring exhibition. 5. Pasadena, Calif., Horticultural Society: meeting. 6. Massachusetts Horticultural Society, Horticultural Hall, Boston, Mass.: lecture, by Dr. H. T. Fernald. 8. New York Florists’ Club, New York City: meeting. Rochester Florists’ Association, Rochester, N. Y. : meeting. 10. Nassau County Horticultural Society, Glen Cove, N. Y.: meeting. Shedowa Garden Club, Garden City, N. Y.: lecture by Bertrand Farr. Worcester County Horticultural Society, Worcester, Mass.: annual reunion and dinner. 12. Connecticut Horticultural Society, Hartford, Conn.: meeting. 13. Dobbs Ferry, N. Y., Horticultural Society: meeting. Massachusetts Horticultural Society, Horticultural Hall, Boston, Mass.: lecture by W. A. Manda. 17. Tarrytown, N. Y., Horticultural Society: meeting. 17- 23. International Flower Show, Grand Central Palace, N. Y. City. 18- 21. American Rose Society, Boston, Mass.: annual show and meeting. Massachusetts Horticultural Society, Horticultural Hall, Boston, Mass.: spring exhibition. 19. Pasadena, Calif., Horticultural Society: meeting. 27. Connecticut Horticultural Society, Hartford, Conn.: meeting. Dobbs Ferry, N. Y., Horticultural Society: meeting. Massachusetts Horticultural Society, Horticultural Hall, Boston, Mass.: illustrated lecture by Prof. H. H. Whetzel. Secretaries are invited to forward dates of forthcoming meetings A New Salvia and a New Carnation THE department of plant registration of the Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticul- turists announces the registration of a new salvia, to be known as Red Cross, by the Swiss Floral Company of Portland, Ore. This salvia is the result of crossing Bonfire with Bavaria; its habit of growth is similar to Bonfire; the corolla or petals are bright scarlet; the calyx is a creamy white, slightly flushed with a tinge of red on the surface exposed to the sun’s rays, giving the calyx an appearance of salmon pink on white ground. The plant is a free and profuse bloomer. Mr. Richard E. Loeben of Gloversville, N. Y., has registered a new carnation, a sport of Benora. The growth, foliage and formation of the plant are identi- cally the same as the parent. It is light red, of about the same color as the red striping in Benora. New York Third International Show BEGINNING on Wednesday, March 17, this event will remain open until the 23d at the Grand Central Palace. At this most important of the spring exhibitions, the visitor may count upon seeing all the latest novelties in roses, carnations, orchids, and decorative plants generally. As in previous years, there will be special displays on particular days: Cut roses on Thursday; displays of roses, Saturday; carnation display, Wednesday; carnation competi- tions, Friday; sweet peas, Saturday; table decorations and violets, Monday. Other miscellaneous features and displays will be on the first day and continously throughout the whole time of the show. Table dec- orations will be a specially attractive feature this year. The prizes offered total in the neighborhood of $15,000, which is a trustworthy measure of the repre- sentative character of the displays as a whole. Several of the garden clubs and other organizations will make semi-official visits on different days. In connection with the flower shows there will be an extra attraction in the form of a Red Cross Tea Garden, under the direct management of the several Relief Committees of the Red Cross Chapters of New York, Brooklyn, Dutchess County, The Bronx, etc., a special day being devoted to each one. Tea will be served and there will be dancing afternoon and evening. The schedule of arrangements is: DAY Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Monday Tuesday Women’s RELIEF COMMITTEES Committee of Mercy Secours National Committee Polish Relief Committee Belgian Relief Committee Servian Relief Committee British Relief Committee German Relief Committee RED CROSS CHAPTERS N. Y. County Brooklyn County Westchester County Bronx County Vacation Committee French Committee on Hostels Spuyten Duyvil & Kingsbridge National Horticultural and Agricultural Association IN MAY, 1913, a small group of women, Keenly interested in applying the principle of cooperation to farming and gardening, formed the Women’s National Horticultural and Agricultural Association, modeled somewhat after the English Association which has been so effective a help to individual garden enterprise. It is a thoroughly practical organization, a horti- cultural clearing house, a fitting establishment where those who need and those who can supply the need are brought together. It conflicts with no existing organi- zation and members of the more important gardening associations have already joined it, for it welcomes expert gardeners and writers on horticulture. The association has a general secretary, Miss Mar- garet Jackson, Englewood, N. J., who will give all in- quiries careful and exact attention, and to whom those interested should apply for information. The objects of the association are: The assistance of the individual member by the interchange of ideas directly between members; the increase in the knowl- edge and use of existing institutions; the bringing together of producer and consumer, employer and employee, gardener and land, individuals who might form a partnership; the furtherance of horticultural and agricultural interest; the holding of conferences; the establishment of a standard for diplomas; the organizing of local branches, independent in their working, but affiliated with the parent society, such branches to hold local conferences and exhibitions, to encourage and facilitate the direct sale of produce from women or farms to those in town. The officers of the association are President, Mrs. Frances King. The corresponding secretary, Mrs. Susan Vollmer. Vice-Presidents, Mrs. H. S. Fullerton, Miss Myra Dock, Miss Jane B. Haines, Miss Elizabeth Lee, Mrs. Willis and Mrs. Schuyler Van Rensselaer. Council, Miss Louise Klein Miller, Mr. George Powell, Mrs. B. Hammond Tracy, Miss Lee, Miss Leonard, Miss Mary Rutherford, and Mrs. John L. Manning (Frances Duncan). American Carnation Society’s Meeting and Exhibition THE annual meeting and exhibition of the American Carnation Society was held in Buffalo, N. Y., Jan- uary 27 and 28. President Samuel J. Goddard presided and the attendance of members was large. Affiliation with the Society of American Florists was resolved upon and President Goddard thus automatically became a director in the S. A. F., representing the interests of the A. C. S. St. Louis and Indianapolis both made efforts to secure the holding of the meeting next year in those cities, but St. Louis was finally selected. It was also decided that a special exhibition beheld two months later in Philadelphia, in connection with the National Flower Show to be held there. The silver jubilee of the Society will be celebrated at the same time. Joseph Hill of Richmond, Ind., was chosen president, and J. F. Ammann, Edwardsville, 111., vice-president; A. F. J. Baur, Indianapolis, Ind., and Fred E. Dorner, Lafay- ette, Ind., were reelected secretary and treasurer re- spectively. Chas. S. Strout, Biddeford, Me., was elected a director. A lengthy discussion on the subject of the relative merits of cuttings taken from the flower stems of carnations and those from the short blooming shoots, or from cut back stock, ended with opinions about equally divided. The exhibition was, as usual, very fine, the quality of the exhibits excellent. The gold medal of the society was not awarded there being no exhibit of sufficient merit to secure it. Albert Roper, of Tewksbury, Mass., carried off the silver medal with Miss Alice Coombs, a beautiful pink. Four candidates passed the preliminary stage for the Dorner Memorial medal to be awarded next year. Matchless, exhibited by the Cottage Garden Co., Queens, N. Y., gained the Plitchings Sweepstake Prize for the best vase of 100 blooms in the show. 4 . The latest books on travel and biography may be obtained through the Readers' Service March, 1915 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 129 Shrubs that are Green All the Year Round Mountain Laurel, with deep green glossy leaves, Andromeda, and creeping Euonymus, are among the most useful shrubs for winter greenery. If plants from our nurseries are set this spring they will make a growth in summer that will put them in the best of shape for winter. Cone-Bearing Trees like the Firs, Pines, Hemlocks, are needed in every planting. Our collection of Evergreens is among the finest in New England — and in sizes that will meet every need. A Catalogue of Ornamental Trees is ready to be sent to anyone who asks for it. Pictures of simple plantings, as well as those of more elaborate design, will help you to choose the trees and shrubs for your own place. Write for a copy of this booklet CHERRY HILL NURSERIES T. C. THURLOW’S SONS Inc Established 1832 Box 55 West Newbury, Mass. ORCHIDS Largest importers and growers of Orchids in the United States Send twenty-five cents for catalogue. This amount will be refunded on your first order LAGER & HURRELL Orchid Growers and Importers SUMMIT, N. J. Native Plants and Trees Rhododendron Maximum a Specialty W rite for Price List CHAS. G. CURTIS CALLICOON, Sullivan County, New York §3§ fpriiSj *§ m k-,, ■ U Leal Gal Lrhl «,s3; sn. .El H EH Right Now Is The Very Best Time To Investigate Heating Systems Start With THE KELSEY NOW is the time, if ever, that a heating sys- tem’s defects show up. It’s the time when you can get the truth; and the whole truth about them. It’s the time when you can get ready information for comparing the merits of hot water, steam or furnace heat; with the Kelsey Warm Air Health Heat. It’s just the time to go into radiator heated houses and see how “stuffy” they are; and then into ones Kelsey heated and feel the delightful freshness of the air and the cozy comfort of the warmth. It’s the time to talk “coal-bin-talk” and find out if you want to burn up your money the way “some folks” do. It’s time to send for a Kelsey Health Heat Booklet, and find out exactly why the Kelsey is a healthizer and economizer. It’s time for you to do it. Chicago 2767 Lincoln Avenue THL f^E.L5LV WARM Am GE.T7E.RAT0R ] 232 James Street, Syracuse, New York Dealers in all Principal Cities New York 103-P Park Avenue psrTpf gj M Iraul £53, CSS as m fiOfr AOs' E*Ar, jSL as f&M gO s 9BHL. COLLECTED VERSE OF RUDYARD KIPUNG Limp Leather Edition of Collected Verse of Rudyard Kipling IT is safe to say that the best verse Mr. Kipling has written is in this volume, because he has selected for this edi- tion the poetical works by which he wishes to be represented. Included are the favorites from “Ser- vice Songs,” the “ Barrack Room Bal- lads,” etc. The present edition is designed for a holiday gift book. It is bound artistically in limp brown leather, and boxed. Net $2.30 Doubleday, Page & Company Garden City New York HEALTH, VIGOR, LIFE THRU LIGHT Only 2c to 4c for a life-pulsing, invigorating, vitality-strengtheningl Electric Light Bath in your own home — taken just as conveniently with this Robinson Electric Light Bath Cabinet as you would step into and out of a tub. Enter the cabinet — turn the switch and the myriad rays of light infuse your whole system with a new lasting feeling of real life. Makes a New Being of You Gives you all the benefits of the Turkish Bath with the tonic effect of electric light rays in addition — a natural health preserver, for Light is Life. Cleanses and keeps the skin clear, the body full of vigor, the brain quick and active. A Free Book, hand- somely illustrated, giving complete information about Life thru Light, and describing in detail this wonderful Cabinet, is ready to be sent to you. Be sure you write for it — a postal card will do — to- day. Robinson Electric Mfg. Co. 2665 Robinson Bldg. Toledo, Ohio Frances Duncan’s Gardencraft For Children Not the photograph of a country place but of Miss N)uncan’s collapsible miniature country house with the plant- as-you-please garden. A JOYOUS AND FASCINATING PASTIME FOR CHIL- DREN: a toy very beautiful in color and line, highly educa- tional along the newest scientific lines. And at the same time A PRACTICAL WORKING MODEL for the grown-up gardener of any type of garden he wishes to make. If you can’t visualize your garden-to-be, get GARDENCRAFT FOR CHILDREN, make it in miniature and see how it looks. In use by Dr. Montessori, Margaret Deland, Louise Klein Miller, and other garden-loving folk of high intelligence. k4s set up above, 170 blocks, $3.50. Extra blocks, $1.50 per hundred • {Send 25 cents for Chicken yard and Catalogue GARDENCRAFT TOY COMPANY Gardencraft Workshop: 1 Milligan Place, New York City. 6th Ave. Bet. 10th and 11th Sts. The Readers' Service is prepared to advise parents in regard to schools 130 T II E CARD E N M A G A Z I N E M A BCH, 1 ill 5 Dr. Syn By Russell Thorndike S A Smuggler Tale of the Romney Marsh WHO was Dr. Syn? To the good people of Dymchurch he was just their genial, kindly , well- loved vicar. But one day the King’s men came to Dymchurch and began unearthing the secrets of Romney Marsh, and the iden- tity of the mysterious Dr. Syn came to light along with other strange events. The godly vicar of Dymchurch is one of the strangest char acters in recent fiction. Frontispiece Net $1.25 A picturesque tale of the marsh folk of Dymchurch and their strange night rides , It is an ad- venture story , a mystery tale and a pirate yarn com- bined, full of the unusual and the unexpected. - “It looks to me,” said “uncommonly like a frigate.” Dr. Syn, King’s 1 A romance of a i modern Cinderella of the Mennonite Country and a bril- liant novelist, told with the charm and humor which made the author's other stories of the Penn- sylvania Dutch so i take supper with us?” delightful, : timidly invited. Martha of the Mennonite Country By Helen R. Martin Author of “Barnabetta,” “Tillie: A Mennonite Maid, ” etc. THE story of an author who be- comes a school teacher in a little Pennsylvania Dutch town, in the hope of getting “local color” for his next novel. The adventures he meets with, humorous and serious, and his romance with the wistful, strangely appealing young girl, Martha, make a story of unusual charm. Mrs. Martin takes us right into the heart of a typical Pennsyl- vania Dutch household. The quaint dialect of the region will be a delight to all who read it. Frontispiece Net $1.3 5 Publications from the Country Life Press of DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO., Garden City, N. Y. EFFICIENCY IN THE HOUSEHOLD By Thetta Quay Franks It saves time for the busy woman. It saves money for the woman who must economize. It solves problems for the young housewife. MRS. FRANKS gives economical, nutritious, varied menus for the household for every day in the year, and describes a simple plan for keeping kitchen accounts by means of blanks in which all orders to the cook are recorded and supplies received from tradesmen are checked off. At the end of the month the mistress can see at a glance just how she stands. It is a book that makes for business efficiency in the kitchen. Net $1.50 . Doubleday, Page & Company Garden City, New York More Novelties in the Balance IN DECORATIVE and flowering plants some of the novelties possess worthy characteristics. What is conceded to be a most meritorious subject is the Polypodium Mandaianum. This beautiful fern was first seen at the Chicago National Flower Show, in 1909, where it was awarded the gold medal for the most meritorious plant in the show. Later, it was shown at the International Horticultural Ex- position in London, in 1912, where it also gained high honors. It is now under dissemination, and will, undoubtedly, be found in every conservatory worthy of the name. Its decorative use is great. Its fronds are used by florists in New York to beautify vases of American Beauty Roses, and to add charm to groups of plants. The trade willingly pays $5 per dozen for the cut fronds, which keep in perfect condition in water as long as six weeks. The fronds are also used in table decorations, taking the place of smilax. The fronds run in lengths of about two to four feet. Among the newer gladioli attracting the atten- tion of amateurs the Primulinus Hybrids are, perhaps, most prominent. For dainty decorations in fall, or, indeed, at any time when the hybrids are in flower, they should become very popular. The flowers are small, but gracefully arranged on slender spikes. The colors range from clear prim- rose-yellow to all shades of orange, and sometimes crimson. The new French Hydrangeas, which embrace new forms of Hydrangea hortensis, are this season offered by many prominent growers, and are bound to meet the approval of the public. While following the form of the old H. hortensis Otaksa, the florets are much larger, on some varieties about as large as a silver dollar, and the flower heads are gigantic. Mme. E. Mouilliere, Bouquet Rose and Mile. Renee Gaillard are varieties to be recommended for trial. Willowmere is, undoubtedly, one of the finest of the new outdoor roses. It is a hybrid tea of the new Pernetiana class, and did well in the Middle Atlantic States when tried last year. Its color is rich shrimp pink, toning to carmine-pink to- ward the edges of petals. The buds are coral-red. It might be termed an improved Lyon Rose. Dendrobium Schuitzii is an orchid which is flowering just now for the first time in America. Itjcomes from the Philippines and the flower is of Phalaenopsis form, pure white, three and a half inches across, lip, white two inches across. A plant when developed will carry several flowers. It is promised that a young plant bearing three flowers shall be on view at the New York show. The latest novelty in water lilies is a type that flowers in winter, and a half dozen varieties of this kind are to be seen. S. A. Fandoh. A New Way to Bridge Graft BRIDGE grafting, to cover a wound caused by rabbits or mice or mechanical injury, has always been a trial to me. It is always so necessary to get the cion cut in just right above and below. Last fall I saw an easier way that was new to me in the orchard of Dr. H. A. Surface, at Harrisburg, Pa. The previous winter had been a bad one for mice and rabbits, and the farmer had not followed instructions about protecting the trees. As a result some were injured. As soon as Dr. Surface saw these injured trees he commenced to repair the damage. His method was to cut small branches from the tree, split them in halves, smooth the cut portion, and cut it to fit the length of the wound. The trunk was prepared by smoothing the wounded edges of the bark and cambium, making a rather long cut, the cion, of course, being cut to fit the wound. Having the cion ready to put in place, it was nailed with small wire brads; the trunk and cion were then given a covering of melted grafting wax, applied with a brush. Then strips of cotton cloth were dipped in this melted grafting wax and wrapped about the wound. I was present in October when some of the rags were removed and I was surprised to find there were very few misses, I think there was but one that was not saved. The trees were apples, three and four years old, and six or eight cions, were put about each one. Pennsylvania. P. T. Barnes. The Readers ’ Service will give suggestions for the care of live-stock March, 1915 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 131 The Garden Library Start your plans now to make your home grounds more attractive this year. Another tree, shrubs, flower beds, etc., will make the grounds around your home a pleasure to look upon and it will in- crease the value of your property more than you realize. To make plans, to make the selection of what will prove the hardiest and most attractive will be found in the “Garden Library.” It will tell you how to double your garden crops and how to grow better and more beautiful flowers. The books in the “Garden Library” are practi- cal, complete and authoritative. If you live in the country or if you ever expect to, let us send the set to you on approval. The Flower Garden By Ida D. Bennett A clear and concise summary of every pos- sible sort of information that might be de- sired by any one interested in gardens. House Plants and How to Grow Them By P. T. Barnes Nothing gives a more cheerful look to a home than growing plants and flowers, yet few people appreciate the possibilities of their cultivation within doors. This volume des- cribes hundreds of foliage and flowering plants suitable for home culture and gives complete details for their raising and propa- gation. Mail day. the coupon to- The Orchard and Fruit Garden By E. P. Powell This book is without question the most com- prehensive and useful manual ever published on this subject. It is a mine of practical in- formation on the cultivation of nearly every kind of fruit grown in this part of the world and gives all the latest developments in fruit culture. Lawns and How to Make Them By Leonard Barron How to make good lawns at the least possi- ble expense is explained in a practical way in this volume and directions for their up- keep given. The necessities, soil, water, and seed of lawns in different localities, are indicated and for the first time the use of in- gredients in lawr seed mixtures is explained. Roses and How to Grow Them By Many Experts The most authoritative book recently pub- lished on American practice both outdoors and under glass. It shows when, where, and how to plant, gives full instructions for regu- lar care of the plants, for pruning, for the eradication of pests, and contains descrip- tions of the different types and races of roses with their peculiarities. Vines and How to Grow Them By William McCollum The w hole subject of vine cultivation for the practical gardener is here thoroughly cov- ered. Not only are the commoner varieties of hardy annuals and woody vines discussed and the best methods for their cultivation in- dicated but complete directions are also given for growing the more unusual greenhouse varieties. Garden Planning By W. S. Rogers This volume is really a guide to escaping the common faults of amateur garden planning. The broad principles for different types ot gardens are always the same and these are here given in such a form that they may be easily applied to the different conditions fac- ing the gardener. Daffodils — Narcissus — And How to Grow Them By A. M. Kirby The various types of daffodils and narcissus are here described and the characteristics of each, w hether suitable for out-of-doors, home or hot-house culture, fully shown. Tables indicating the type of soil necessary for hundreds of different varieties, their shape, size, planting and blooming time, and other peculiarities are also given. Chrysanthemums and How to Grow Them By I. L. Powell The most practical guide for an amateur cul- tivator of this the most effective and useful of all garden flowers. The volume shows how the different varieties are raised, how pests are destroyed, how the greenhouse products are best produced, and includes complete tables showing the type, color, and planting and blooming times of hundreds of varieties. Water Lilies and How to Grow Them By H. S. Conard and Henri Hus Written by the two greatest authorities on water lilies in America. This volume is the best practical guide to their cultivation. The varieties suitable to different conditions are fully described, their characteristics shown and full instructions for the making of inex- pensive ponds given. The Vegetable Garden By Ida D. Bennett This book deals fully with the various vege- tables that form the staple of the small gar- den. FREE If You Order Quickly THE GARDEN MAGAZINE for One Year— THE 1915 GARDEN AND FARM ALMANAC {200 pages, fully illustrated) SEND NO MONEY — Simply send in the attached order blank and the books will come to you. If you decide to keep them, pay by small monthly installments, if not return them at our expense; you will owe us nothing. As a Special Reward for promptness we will include with your order for The Garden Library a whole year’s subscription to The Garden Magazine. The Garden Magazine you need to keep you in touch with the latest gardening news and methods. This is the greatest of all gardening combinations. Use the coupon to-day. Garden City DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY New York This Coupon Saves You Money. Use It To-day- Ferns and How to Grow Them By G. A. Woolson This practical volume by a real nature stu- dent who has solved the various problems of growing our native ferns is of peculiar inter- est because of its completeness and method of approach. Nearly every variety of fern native to this country that may be grown w ithin doors and without is fully described and its habits shown. Doubleday, Page & Co., Garden City, N. Y. G. M. 3-15 Gentlemen: — Please send me The Garden Library in 12 volumes and enter the name of for one year’s subscription to the Garden Magazine. Also send me the 200 page 1915 Garden and Farm Almanac. If the books are satisfactory 1 agree to pay $1.00 on acceptance, $1.00 a month for 13 months, and if the books are not satis- factory 1 will return them. The Readers' Service gives information about investments T 11 E G A R 1) E N M A G A Z I N E March, 1915 132 CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING DEPARTMENT In this department are published announcements of firms offering goods or service of definite interest to garden enthusiasts. This department is also open to any of our subscribers who may wish to buy, sell or exchange goods through the use of announcements herein. The rate is five cents a word (average eight words to the line), payable in advance. The name and address must be counted as part of the advertisement ; initials or figures count the same as words. Copy must reach us not later than the 12th of the month preceding date of issue to appear in the edition dated the following month — Thus the forms of the class- ified department of the April edition will close on March 12th. No display allowed other than capitals on first line. Smallest advertisement accepted, $1 .00. Address Classified Advertising Department, The Garden Magazine, n IVest 32nd Street, New York City CHRYSANTHEMUMS CHRYSANTHEMUMS. Hardy Early Flowering Varieties. Nor- mandie, Perle Chatillonaise, F. Bannister, and others equally good. Spring delivery. In assortment, $1.00 per dozen, $6.00 per 100. A. N. Pierson Inc., Cromwell, Conn. SINGLE CHRYSANTHEMUMS. Choicest Exhibition Varieties in America, and English Novelties for 1915. Not to be obtained else- where. Also Anemone flowered and Pompons. Send for illustrated catalogue. Frank P. Putnam, Lowell, Mass. P. O. Box No. 12. CHRYSANTHEMUMS for all purposes. The best Exhibition Varieties. The most popular Commercial kinds for Florists’ use, including Pompons, Singles, and Anemones. Elmer D. Smith & Co., Adrian, Mich. HARDY CHRYSANTHEMUMS. Our new list describes eighty- five of the best varieties. Write for it. Scott Bros, Elmsford, N. Y. DAHLIAS DAHLIAS. The Wonderful New Golden Yellow Catcus Dahlia Golden Gate, winner of numerous first prizes and certificates of merit. The Golden Gate caused a sensation when exhibited in New York and other parts of the country. Introduced by us 1914, and is now considered by the leading Dahlia Specialists and other Horticultur- ists to be the finest, largest, and best blooming Dahlia in cultiva- tion. Three to six immense large blooms open at one time, on extra long stems. An exceptionally good keeping cut flower. Your garden is not complete without this wonderful chrysanthemum-like Dahlia, for the beautiful dazzling golden yellow color of the flowers will delight and attract everyone. This Dahlia is drought, blight, and insect proof, and will bloom when all others fail, and is to Dahlias what the King Humbert is to Cannas or the American Beauty is to Roses. Testimonials received daily confirming above claims from last year customers. Special Introductory Offer: 1 whole root of the Golden Gate and 1 whole root of the Queen of Hearts, which was in- troduced 1914, and is without a doubt the best and finest white cactus dahlia to date. The two beautiful dahlias, special price, postpaid $1.00. Regular value, $1.00 each. Long Island Dahlia Gardens, Hicksville, L. I., N. Y. BARGAINS IN NEW DAHLIAS 1 John Wanamaker, new Paeony $2.00 1 Dorothy Peacock, new pink show 35 . 6 Beautiful new Cactus Dahlias 1.25 6 Beautiful new Decorative Dahlias 1.25 6 Beautiful new Giant Century Dahlias 1.25 A1J above by mail postpaid, $5.00. Larger roots by express (charges collect). Catalogue free. Peacock Dahlia Farms, Berlin, New Jersey. INTRODUCTORY OFFER. A complete collection of fifteen prize winning Dahlias, of the best new and standard varieties that are dependable bloomers, embracing all colors and classes, Cactus, Decorative, Pompon, Peony, Show, and Single, each bulb labeled true to name. Collection of fifteen named varieties. Postpaid for $1.00. Collection of thirty named prize winning Dahlias, all classes and colors, postpaid for $2.00. Long Island Dahlia Gardens, Hicks- ville, L. I., N. Y. THE BROCKTON DAHLIA FARM has the largest and finest col- lection of Dahlias in the United States. Send for Catalogue. W. P. Lothrop, Prop., East Bridgewater, Mass. DAHLIA bulbs. My Special First Prize Collection, not less than 15 varieties via express. $7 worth for $5. Stillman, The Dahlia Specialist, Westerly, R. I. SEND FOR A TRIAL COLLECTION of Prize Medal Dahlias for $2.50. Forbes & Keith, 299 Chancery Street, New Bedford, Mass. Free Catalogue. FOR USE IN THE GARDEN “IMPROVED DOUBLE-LITESASH.” The very sash to bring up those early strong plants which are fitted to develop in the field, into large profitable crops. Write for brochure and price. V. E. Reich & Sons, 1429 Metropolitan Avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y. WELL ROTTED HORSE MANURE, Dried, Ground, Odorless. Largely humus. No weed seeds. Best Fertilizer for Lawns and Gardens- Get circular “ C” and Prices. New York Stable Manure Co., 273 Washington Street, Jersey City. PAPER POTS AND DIRT BANDS. Send for Free Samples, Price List, and Big Folder giving experience of fifty-four Gardeners and Florists. F. W. Rochelle & Sons, 105 Main Street, Chester, New Jersey. IF YOU GROW FLOWERS or are troubled with weeds on your paths, send for our booklet “The Insect and Weed Problem Solved.” The Reade Mfg. Co., Hoboken, N. J. FRUITS DWARF FRUIT TREES, Dwarf Apple, Dwarf Pear, Dwarf Cherry and all other kinds of fru.t trees, propagated from individual trees we know to be good producers, and grown in the best possible manner. The story is told in Fraser's Tree Book. It is free. Samuel Fraser, Box 2, Geneseo, N. Y. FRUITS— Con. FRUIT TREES. Special offer, both Dwarf and Standard. Standard Apples, heavy, 2 yr. old, per 100 $15.00 Dwarf “ bearing size, each 75c to 1. 00 Peaches, 4 to 6 ft., superb trees, per 100 15.00 Catalogue on request. Rosedale Nurseries, Tarry town, N. Y. HARDY POMEROY ENGLISH WALNUT TREES SPECIAL. Send $5 now for five thrifty two year trees prepaid, instructions, guarantee. Daniel N. Pomeroy & Son, Box 18, Lockport, New York. STRAWBERRY AND RASPBERRY PLANTS. Chapman's select list choicest varieties. Hardy northern grown. Catalogue free. C. E. Chapman, North Stonington, Conn. RASPBERRIES — Cumberland, Gregg, Cedar, Columbian and St. Regis. Write for prices. The Bloomington Nursery Co., Bloom- ington, III. PEACHES — General assortment of leading varieties. Write for prices. The Bloomington Nursery Co., Bloomington, 111. GLADIOLUS SPECIAL OFFER — Augusta, white; Florida, deep red: Klondyke, yellow; Independence light scarlet, 50c a doz. Hulot, blue; Jessie, red; Taconic, bright pink, 75c a doz. One dozen America, Brenchleyensis, Mrs. King, Independence, Easter — sixty bulbs for $2.25 prepaid. L. Von Elm, Hempstead, N. Y. WE ARE THE ORIGINATORS of the fine scarlet Gladiolus “ Princepine,” which was given awards of merit in England and Hol- land. Selected bulbs, $1.00 per dozen; $5.00 per 100. Prepaid. W. F. Kirchhoff Co., Pembroke, N. Y. SPECIAL OFFER IN GLADIOLUS. One dozen each: America, Augusta. Klondyke, Mrs. Francis King, and Princeps, a splendid col- lection, five dozen for $2.25, prepaid. Complete price list free. W. E. King, Box 1386, Littie Silver, N. J. MODERN GLADIOLUS. My catalogue of the very best mixtures and about 70 named varieties sent on application to those who are entitled to wholesale rates. Golden King, Minnesota, Mrs.King and Cracker Jack specialties. Geo. S. Woodruff, Independence, Iowa. GLADIOLUS BULBS grown in America, under irrigation. Panama, deep pink, Si. 50 dozen. Niagara, yellow, 75c. dozen. Also other varieties. Send for descriptive catalogue. Bid well & Fobes, Kins- man, Ohio. GLADIOLUS. Finest named varieties, large bulbs, separate colors or mixed. Dozen 45 cents; 100, $2.75. Parcel postpaid. Click’s Farms, Smoketown, Pa. THREE MRS. KING (scarlet), three America (pink), and twelve mixed Gladiolus, prepaid, socts. Crest Nurseries, R6, Piqua, Ohio. GRASS SEED THE BARE SPOT in your lawn can be renovated by Bunyard's invincible Grass Seed Mixtures, made up of the finest recleaned seed. If you have “lawn trouble” drop me a line and I will send my in- teresting booklet “Lawn Green.” Harry A. Bunyard, Grass Seed Specialist, 48 West 28th Street. New York City. See our big display advertisement in this issue giving prices. HERBACEOUS AND FLOWERING PLANTS HARDY “OLD-FASHIONED” FLOWERS. 18 strong healthy plants for $1.00. Hollyhocks, Iris, Foxgloves, and many others. Order now. Complete price list free. Satisfaction guaranteed. W. E. King, Box 1386, Little Silver, N. J. AT EUROPEAN WAR PRICES. Krelage’s cheap offer of hardy plants, etc. J. A. de Venr. 100 William Street, New York, sole agent for E. H. Krelage & Son, of Haarlem, Holland. Established 1811. ANTIRRHINUM NELROSE, the sensation and prize winner of 1914. Best pink snapdragon for bedding. Plants, May delivery, $1.50 per doz. Seed, $1.00 per packet. F. W. Fletcher, Auburn- dale, Mass. SNAPDRAGON. Plants of Nelrose, Phelps’ White. Buxton’s Pink. The three finest varieties. Spring delivery. 75 cents per dozen, $6.00 per 100. A. N. Pierson Inc., Cromwell, Conn. NEW AND OLD FASHION FLOWERS, lawn, shrubs, and cover- ing plants. Large stock, moderate prices. Send for list. Wyo- manock Nurseries, R. 5. Lebanon Springs, N. Y. DELPHINIUM. Kelway’s Hybrids, 2-year plants from large pots, $1.50 per dozen. A. N. Pierson Inc., Cromwell Gardens, Cromwell, Conn. CATALOGUE. “Greenhouse and Garden Plants.” Yours for a postal card. A. N. Pierson Inc., Cromwell, Conn. HERBACEOUS AND FLOWERING PLANTS— Con. JAPANESE IRIS. Our river bottom land causes such a rapid in- crease in stock that we are able to offer our superb varieties as fol- lows, viz: Named $1.50 per dozen $10.00 per hundred Mixed 1. 00 per dozen 7.00 per hundred Catalogue of this and other perennials on request. Rosedale Nur- series, Tarrytown, N. Y. PEONIES, the favorite Officinalis Rubra, double, red, commonly known as Grandma's Piney, the earliest and most popular peony. Special introductory offer of large six year old plants, which will average 8 to 10 blooms this spring for $1.25 each, by express pre- paid. Long Island Dahlia Gardens, Hicksville, L. I., N. Y. QUALITY SEEDS AND PLANTS. The choicest European and American strains. Our catalogue' describes them without fuss or frills. The truth without exaggerations to mislead you. Catalogue free. L. P. Butler & Co.. Monadnock Greenhouses, Keene, N. H. CYCLAMENS are the finest winter blooming Plants. We are Specialists, have the latest Novelties. Plants from Flats, five cents; from Pots, ten cents. Orders from Dollar up. Cultural Directions with orders. Christ. Winterick, Cyclamen Specialist, Defiance, 0. LOBELIA CARDINALIS. Heavy. 2-year plants for hardy border or naturalizing. $1.50 per dozen, $10.00 per 100. A. N. Pierson Inc., Cromwell, Conn. HARDY PRIMROSE. Finest assorted varieties, all colois, po- grown, $1.50 per dozen, $10.00 per 100. A. N. Pierson Inc., Cromt well, Conn. HOLLYHOCK. Finest single and double varieties for large pots. Specify which. $1.50 per dozen. A. N. Pierson Inc., Cromwell, Conn. PHLOX. Best varieties. Name height and color desired. $1.50 per dozen, $10.00 per 100. A. N. Pierson Inc., Cromwell, Conn. COLUMBINE. Long Spurred Hybrids. Large plants from pots. $1.50 per dozen, $10.00 per 100. A. N. Pierson Inc., Cromwell, Conn. NURSERY STOCK A PERFECT PICTURE in your garden to last for years, will be the result if you allow us now to plan a scheme, whether of contrasts or of harmonies, to be carried out this spring. Our "Artistic” Border, 100 feet long by 4 feet wide, about 350 plants, costs $25 only. Con- sider what is “saved” by this system and what is gained in true beauty. Palisades Nurseries, Sparkill, N. Y. HEDGE PLANTS of every description. Sample of prices f.o.b., viz: 100 1000 California Privet, heavy 2-3 ft. $4.00 $30.00 “ “ “ 3-4 ft- 5-00 40.00 Berberis Thunbergii 12-18 in. 10.00 90.00 18-24 in. 15-00 125.00 Catalogue on request. Rosedale Nurseries, Tarrytown, N. Y. NATIVE EVERGREENS. Hemlock, American Spruce, Arbor- vitae, White Pine, Balsam Fir, 6 to 12 inches, $5 per 1,000; 5,000 for $25, f.o.b. Also transplanted evergreens. Write for price list. The James A. Root Nurseries, Skaneateles, N. Y. LIGUSTRUM POLISHI, Absolutely hardy. Equal California in beauty. Hardy from Quebec to Saskatchewan. Write for prices. Irvin Ingels, LaFayette, Illinois. OLD BOXWOODS. A few specimens six feet high and equally broad, send for photos. Rockland Nurseries, Blauvelt, N. Y. NURSERY STOCK — We offer a general assortment in fruit and ornamental stock. Send list of wants for estimate. The Bloom- ington Nursery Co., Bloomington, 111. THE BEST OF EVERYTHING in Trees, Plants, Roses, etc. Old- est and Largest Nursery in Michigan. I. E. Ugenfritz’ Sons Co., Monroe Nursery, Monroe, Mich. PANSIES GIANT PANSIES. Steele’s Mastodon Strain, the largest and most marvelously colored in. existence. Flowers measure up to 3J inches in diameter. Why plant common small flowering pansies when you can buy these beautiful Giants of new shades and varia- tions, postpaid in bud and bloom for 40c. doz., 3 doz., $1.00. Long Island Dahlia Gardens. Hicksville, L. I., N. Y. PANSIES, all colors imaginable. Why not buy strong large flower- ing Plants? Dozen, postpaid, 35 cents. Click Seed Farms, Smoke- town, Pa. In writing to advertisers please mention the Garden Magazine. March, 1915 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 133 CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING DEPARTMENT— Continued ROSES DICKSON’S IRISH ROSES, Blue Ribbon Winners of the Rose World. Heavy two year, field grown plants. $22.00 per hundred and up. Illustrated catalogue free. Rosedale Nurseries, Tarry- town, N. Y. CLIMBING ROSES. Excelsa, Dorothy Perkins, Hiawatha, Tau- sendschon, and others; 2-year plants, 5-inch pots, 50 cents each, $5.00 per dozen. A. N. Pierson Inc., Cromwell, Conn. SEEDS AND BULBS ASTER SEED. Lady Roosevelt, 50c., Large White, 25c., Hercules, 25c. Weaver’s Perfection Head Lettuce 25c., and T hree Free Pack- ets. All for 50c., money order. Glen MawrSeed Farms, Kinzers, Pa. FLOWER SEEDS FROM PAUL DOVE, Wellesley, Mass. Plant your garden with selected seeds; it pays. Write for my Little Green Book; it explains. GET OUR CATALOGUE of hardy New England Seeds, a packet of Beefsteak Lettuce free by mentioning this magazine. Pine Tree State Seed Co., Bath, Maine. DELIVERED FREE NEW YORK. Krelage’s bulbs and roots for spring planting. Catalog free from J. A. de Veer, 100 William Street, New York, sole agent for E. H. Krelage & Son. DAHLIAS, GLADIOLUS, CANNAS, Krelage’s descriptive catalog on application to J. A. de Veer, 100 William Street, New York, sole agent for E. H. Krelage & Son, of Holland. VEGETABLES ONION SETS — 1 bu. 15c., 2 bu. 25c., 2 bu. sacks 10c. 32 pounds to the bushel. Crates We reclean, hand pick and guarantee sound all our Onion Sets. Yellow Danver Sets For shipment up to the following dates: price \ PK. PK. BU. March ist $0.30 $0.50 $1.65 March 15 th 35 ■ 55 I-75- April 1 st. 35 White Silver Skin Sets •55 1.85 March ist 30 • 55 1-75 March 15 th 35 •55 1.85 April ist. 40 Red Wethersfield Sets .60 i.gs March ist .30 •50 I.65 March 15 th 35 •55 i-75 April ist. 35 J. Bolgiano & Son •55 1.85 Almost 100 years established Trade. Baltimore, Md. A BUSHEL OF BEANS, TEN CENTS. Kentucky Wonder Pole Beans. Vines loaded with solid, stringless pods. Fine flavor. One packet supplies the family. Ulster Seed Co., New Paltz, New York ASPARAGUS grows quickly. Why not enjoy it fresh from your garden? Our plant catalogue explains. Glick Seed Farms, Smoke- town, Pa. MISCELLANEOUS SEWAGE DISPOSAL for the farm and country place. Send us size and kind of buildings for which wanted, enclose one dollar, and we will mail you plans and specifications for complete installation. The A. J. Patton Company, Engineers and Surveyors, Waterbury, Conn. BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES. We will start one man or woman without capital in the florist business in each town or community. Get our proposition. National Cooperative Show Gardens, Indiana Avenue, Spencer, Indiana. The advertisers who use these pages have confidence in Thf. Garden Magazine’s business-producing power, and the only way they* have of knowing that the advertising in this magazine interests you is by your mentioning The Garden Magazine in your response. — We will thank you. — The Ad Man New Chrysanthemum Records THE official report of the Chrysanthemum Society of America, reviewing the awards to novelties during the season 1914, has just been issued by the Secretary, Charles W. Johnson, Morgan Park, 111. It shows that thirty-four new varieties were con- sidered by the committees and scored as follows: Golden Queen, yellow, incurved, exhibited by Elmer D. Smith & Co., October 10th, at Chicago, Cincinnati, and Philadelphia, scored 91 points commercial, and 86 exhibition. This same firm also exhibited at Chicago and Cincinnati, October 17th, Marigold, yellow, in- curved, which scored 93 points commercial; Crystal Gem, white, incurved, at Philadelphia, Chicago, and Cincinnati, October 17th, 86 commercial; No. 3-54-12, pink, incurved, at Cincinnati, October 17th, 81 com- mercial; Algonac, white, incurved, at Cincinnati, Octo- ber 31st, 86 commercial; No. 56-4-12, magenta, Japanese reflexed, at Indianapolis, November 7th, 74 exhibition; Calumet, bronze, incurved, at Chicago and Indianapolis, October 31st and November 7th, 87 commercial, 86 exhibition; Silver King, white, Japanese reflexed, at Indianapolis, November 7th, 83 exhibition; Mankota, deep magenta pink, Japanese reflex, at Indianapolis, November 7th, 86 commercial; M odello, golden bronze, Japanese reflex, at Indianapolis, November 7th, 89 commercial; Kewanee, yellow and bronze, incurved, exhibited at Cincinnati, November 14th, 89 exhibition; Tekonsha, bronze, incurved, Cincinnati, November 14th, 86 exhibition, 81 com- mercial; Niza, delicate pink pompon, Cincinnati, Philadelphia, Chicago, November 17th, 90 points pompon; Rodi, magenta pompon, Cincinnati, Boston, New York, Chicago, Philadelphia, November 31st and October 31st, 85 pompon; Illona, rosy lavender pom- pon, Philadelphia, New York, Boston, Chicago, Cin- cinnati, October 31st, 89 pompon; Veta, white pompon, Philadelphia, Cincinnati, Chicago, Boston, New York, October 31st, 89 pompon; Zora, yellow pompon, New York, Boston, Cincinnati, Chicago, Philadelphia, October 24th and 31st, 89 points pompon; Neola, a shell pink pompon, Indianapolis, November 7th, 85 points pompon. Antigone, white, Japanese incurved, exhibited by Charles H. Totty, at New York, Boston, Philadelphia, and Chicago, October 10th, 17th, and 24th, registered 90 commercial and 87 exhibition; Yellow Seedling, yellow, incurved, Chicago, October 24th, 80 com- mercial; Bob Pulling, yellow Japanese reflex, Madison, N. J., October 28th, 93 exhibition; Earl Kitchener, magenta pink, Japanese reflex, Indianapolis, November 7, 81 commercial. Strafford, deep yellow, Japanese, incurved, exhibited by Edward A. Stroud at Philadelphia, November 5th, 89 points commercial. Yellow Ivory Supreme, yellow, Japanese incurved, exhibited by Henry Eichholz at Philadelphia, October 31st, 87 commercial. Ml. Greenwood, pink, Japanese incurved, the Mt. Greenwood Cemetery Association, exhibited at Indian- apolis and Chicago, November 7th and 9th, 86 com- mercial. No. 135, flesh pink Japanese reflex, E. G. Hill Co., exhibited at Indianapolis, 78 commercial; No. Q2, white, Japanese incurved, Indianapolis, November 7th, 81 commercial; White Chieftain, white Japanese, in- curved, Indianapolis, November 7th, 89 commercial. Peace, white pompon, exhibited at Indianapolis, November 7th by H. W. Rieman, 92 pompon; No. 8-1 gi2, deep pink, Japanese reflexed, Indianapolis, November 7th, 82 commercial. Queen Marie, magenta pompon, Indianapolis, November 7th, by Herman Bros. Co., 79 pompon. Harvest Moon, yellow pompon, exhibited at Indian- apolis, November 7th by A. N. Pierson, Inc., 88 points pompon. And on November 14th at Chicago, by Poehlmann Bros. Co., Miss Marbella French, white, Japanese in- curved, 94 commercial; Miss Paidine Anderson, yel- low Japanese incurved, 94 commercial. To Make Peas Bear LAST year the second planting of peas, Notts Excelsior, did not yield as plentifully as was expected, because a hot spell dried up the vines before they had time to produce pods. But as the vines looked green I cut them off about three inches above the root. They soon blossomed, and the pods filled out rapidly. Ida C. White. A Great Quartet of Fiction The m Pastor’s aKk Wife By the Author of mtSdfitjbi “Elizabeth and Her W &EI. ■ ZjJ German Garden” i The lighter side of Ger- '( man and English tern- HSijL l\jHl perament. It gives a delicious picture of Ger- \ man ways in a little vHpHH|r Prussian village on the . , _ . . 0 i ,1 Ingeborg is introduced to her Last frontier, and the new mother-in-law amusing adventures of an English girl who goes to live there with her Ger- man pastor-husband. “It is so surcharged with humor, natural, spon- taneous humor, that it is like the shadow of a great rock in a weary land of dull books.” — San Francisco 23d Chronicle. rp. j Illustrated. Net $ 1.35 IhOUSand "An American Bunty” Bambi By Marjorie Benton Cooke “ ‘In a bubble over Bambi.’ That is where even the most satiated reader will quickly be. ‘Bambi’ is an American ‘Bunty,’ and the way she pulls the strings that manage everybody is delicious.” — The New York Evening Post. “Bambi — the most absurd and delightful heroine in a thou- 35th sand.” — N. Y. Independent. mi j Illustrated. Net $ 1.25 1 ilOUSand “ A Home Story” The Twenty-fourth of June By Grace S. Richmond “Splendid, indeed, it is one of the cleanest nov- els that has been published in a long time. The love story in it, compelling as it is, serves merely as a frame to a picture of home life that is appar- ently unknown to some of the muck-rakers who have appeared in recent years in the guise of novel- ists. “The reader wants to linger around the fireside with the characters in the nov- tted manure, say from one to four tons, if available, or otherwise as much as you can get. Plow as early as possible, but not early enough, of course, to cause the soil to puddle, espe- cially if it is of a clayey nature. Harrow thoroughly with a spring-tooth disk or spike tooth harrow and then with a smoothing harrow until a good seed bed is obtained. You can then proceed to plant as the weather becomes warm enough. It will be helpful to work into the soil at this time some commercial fertilizer and for your limited area we suggest any standard balanced garden fertilizer such as can be obtained of the larger seed stores. One hundred pounds should be plenty for one fourth of an acre. Later in the season, after the plants are up, a little nitrate of soda sprinkled along the rows would be helpful. If your soil shows any signs of acidity — that is, if clover is noticeably absent or if the ground is heavy and dampish — you would do well to apply one half ton of ground limestone or one fourth of a ton of agricultural lime just after plowing so that it may be well harrowed in. Grafting Lilac on Privet In grafting lilac on privet, for which I have some potted California privet measuring about a half inch at the base, when should the lilac cions be cut and how treated? Would it be better to bud or graft, and if the latter, what sort of graft? How low down should bud or graft be applied, etc.? — H. C. H., Mass. — In grafting lilac on the so-called California privet (and this is the best stock to use), root grafting is the best. A piece of the main stem root, from three to three and one-half inches long, is large enough. It should be cut so that the stem extends above the fascicle or bundle of roots about two or two and one- half inches. The top of this stock or stem is split with a sharp knife down the centre about one inch and a half. The lilac cion is sharpened to a wedge shape, equalling the split made in the privet stock. This wedge is then pushed into the split stock and tied around securely with waxed string. If potted or placed in deep flats they should be planted suffi- ciently deep to entirely bury the graft beneath the surface of the soil. The privet in question which has been potted will have to be taken out of the pots, the main stem roots employed, and repotted after the operation has been performed. It cannot be properly done in any other way. The stocks and cions should be dormant, and only one cion on a stock is necessary. The grafts should be placed in a gentle heat from 55 to 60 degrees. — J. D. • Liiiij;:; ^^^%4%¥'4%^'4-'4-'4c4-'4%'4-'^-'^-' ******************* titititttitiitttttt JfoJ&^*;*****t++*+*- wm ggffijl 111 1111: ::::: «::: *88 Being odorless, you can put it on your lawn where at any time. Its wonderful moisture ab ing powers fortifies the roots against dry wea For Richer, Greener Lawns Earlier, Better Vegetables More Bountiful Flowers Use Alphano Humus E use of Alph; TT solves' [f o r all *■ times the objec- tion of obnoxious, un- sanitary enrichments and makes flower gardening a greater joy. Dig it around every flower and shrub on your place. C BREAD it freely ^ o n your garden and fork in. Rake it in the top soil. Sow in drills with the seeds. Dig it around the plants. Garden with it from start to finish. r lano Humus I is a quick, sure and lasting way of making any soil highly fertile. It matters not whether your lawn or garden is loose sandy soil, or a compact clayey one; Alphano Humus will make it highly pro- ductive in the quickest, most en- during way. Being odorless, it is pleasant to handle. Being reasonable in price, you can use it freely. I he use of Humus 19 Natures own method of soil building; and so consequently can’t be improved on. Send for the Humus Book. Tell us the amount of ground you want to enrich and we will advise how much to use. Its presence in your soil will not only add to its immediate rich- $12 a ton in bags. $8 a ton by the carload in bulk. F. 0. B., Alphano, N. J. 1 7-C Battery Place New York Beautify your home HILL’S EVERGREENS will bring a new beauty and charm to your home-grounds —whether a small lawn or an estate— at very small ex- pense. We are the largestand most careful growers in America— now have in stock over 60.000,000 trees cover- ing 460 acres— and our service includes everything from the placing of a small tree or shrub to the complete planning and execution of, elaborate landscape garden- ing. You will find our direct-to-you selling plan and service a great economy and a wonderful help. Fr - auently a few dollars well spent— a tree here, a shrub there— actually transforms a place. Here ’ - -1- - - how easily and econom- ically you can obtain the most artistic effects by using Hi Ts hardy Evergreens for hedges, windbreaks ana la n trees— from the delicately graceful Arbor Vitaes and Firs to the rugged stately Spruces and Pines; also our flowering shrubs, vines, lilacs, roses, etc. The book tells of our special care from the seed till the tree or shrub is yours— how this insures high- est quality. We will gladly suggest plans for the beautification of your grounds free of all charge. Remember; we are specialists of 66 years’ standing. Our selection of evergreens is the undest in America as well as the best. So write for Hill’sEvergreen Book— TODAY. D. Hill Nursery Co., , . _ Evergreen Specialists 1 106W Cedar St., Dundee, 111. 7 Hardy Glorious Lilies For $1.00 Each L. AURATUM, (Golden Queen) Im- mense flowers, white with gold band. 25c L. Tenuifolium, masses of Coral red bell-like flowers. Exquisite. . . .15c L. Umbel latum, striking buff to rich apricot . .15c L. Album, like driven snow glisten the recurved petals. Fragrant. . . . 25c L. Superbum, magnificent tan, stems masses orange dark-spotted bloom 15c L. Roseum, white, spotted and clouded rosy- red. Fragrant 20c Amaryllis Hallii, umbels ot charming tender rose. Trumpet flowers 30c Price includes delivery. FULL directions HOW to grow LILIES, sent with every order. SEND for oar 1915 SPRING GARDENBOOK Full of GARDENLORE H. H. BERGER & CO., 70 Warren St., New York City — A Water Garden — is practical for every home. All you need is a tub, half-barrel or concrete pool, and Tricker’s Water Lilies and aquatic plants. A little space will give a great amount of pleasure with almost no time or effort. «Yjie Water Lily” My new booklet, tells how to grow these beautiful flowers, and other aquatics, in tub pool. . Send for a copy today. Planting time will be here soon. William Tricker Water- Lily Box E Arlington, LILIES HARDY JAPANESE VARIETIES For Immediate Planting. MAMMOTH BULBS. Lilium Auratum (Gold Banded) Speciosum Magnificum (Deep Pink) 25c each or 5 for $1.00 post paid. Empire State Bulb Company 94 Enfield Street Brooklyn, New York Dwarf Apple Trees for Small Places These Dwarf Apple, in several varieties, have been planted and trained in my nursery for five years. Last fall they bore fruit, so I know they are true to name. I also have dwarf trees that are not so old, and of course are smaller. Dwarf Pear and Cherry Trees I can supply from my own grounds true-to-name dwarf Pear and Cherry trees. All my fruit trees are budded from bearing parents. Send for my Catalogue °f Apples, aPeS Cherries. Mailed free to your address — write today for it. SAMUEL FRASER Nurseryman and Fruit Grower 173 Main St. Geneseo, N. Y. DWARF FRUIT PEARE t ¥1 r r c* PLUM lKLLo CHERRY PEACH Best for HOME GARDEN BEAR QUICKER LESS ROOM FINEST FRUIT Also Full Line STANDARD FRUIT TREES Choice Stock CA TALOGUE FREE THE VAN DUSEN NURSERIES W. L. McKay, Prop, Box G, Geneva, N. Y. gTART with the largest stock that can be secured! It takes over twenty years to grow many of the Trees and Shrubs we offer. We do the long waiting — - thus enabling you to secure trees and shrubs that give immediate results. Spring Price List Now ready. TIhdorm Hurseries Wm. Warner Harper Proprietor Chestnut Hill. PHila. Pa. Sox G W 137 The Readers’ Service is prepared to advise parents in regard to schools 138-142 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE April, 1915 r- » ... ■ — ■ - , , .-r •THE-' 1., =F»j rALKOFTHE- OFFICE- r . T THE WORLD’S WORK IN THE LINCOLN MEMORIAL THE World’s Work being a magazine for people who are very much alive to- day, is written and edited with the pre- sent, and the immediate future in view, rather than those dim and misty years when the ques- tions which vex us now shall have been settled for many generations. There is, however, a thrill comparable to noth- ing else in knowing that one is handing on to posterity something of the sum of total knowl- edge, and such a thrill did we have recently when we were asked to furnish six copies of the World’s Work to be placed in the corner stone of the Lincoln Memorial now under construc- tion in Washington. Mr. James Baird, Vice-President of the George A. Fuller Co., in charge of the con- struction, wrote to the publishers of the World’s Work for copies of that magazine from September 1914, to February 1915, for the purpose explained: “The officials are cooperating to install in the corner stone box such articles as they deem will carry the most historical message to posterity. The World’s Work gives a splendid idea of our views at this time as to the causes and progress of the great War, and the various articles might be of great interest if found in the long distant future. It is to be hoped that the Lincoln Memorial may exist for at least one thousand years, unless destroyed sooner by artificial means.” Following the placing of the corner stone this letter was received: World’s Work, New York. Gentlemen: We received the six numbers of World’s Work, containing the war articles, and same were deposited in the box in the corner stone of the Lincoln Memorial Building yesterday. The only other magazines placed in the corner stone box were three copies of the National Geographic Mag- azine. There were also daily papers, maps, and other historical data placed in the box. We secured a very remarkable document, that is, autographs, on parch- ment, written in India ink, of the President and his Cabi- net, every member of the United States Senate, and about ninety per cent, of the membership of the House of Representatives, also all members of the Supreme Court, thus comprising the Executive, Legislative, and Judicial Departments of the Government. We also had signatures, on parchment, of the entire Lincoln Me- morial Commission, of about one hundred and eighty members of the Grand Army of the Republic, including all of the high officials and many of the past officials; also signatures of many of the workmen and officers of the company constructing and building. We thank you very much for your contribution. Very truly yours, (Signed) James Baird, penrod’s vitality Growing boys are always obstreperous. If they are not, to some extent at least, there is something the matter, and therefore we can find it in our hearts to bear with fortitude the abounding vitality of “Penrod.” At the moment of writing, “Penrod” is selling as well as it did in the first five or six months after publication. Instead of drop- ping off, sales have increased steadily, and the sales of “Penrod” for the month of December last year, were only one hundred copies less than the total sale of the book in advance of publication. To us this is a most significant fact, as the major part of the sale of a great many novels comes in advance of publication. It means that for every person of the many thousands who read “Penrod” the first two or three months after publication, five persons are reading it now. And this means that a large majority of the persons who read “Penrod ” like it well enough to talk about it to their friends. VICTORY We have had a great deal to say in this column about the admirable books of Mr. Joseph Conrad, but on the happy occasion of the publi- cation of his new novel “Victory,” we are sure that our readers will be glad to hear sotnething about the new book. Perhaps to most people “Victory” will be more typical of Mr. Conrad’s work than was his previous novel “Chance.” It is especially notable for the directness of the narrative, and therefore in manner of telling quite the anti- thesis of “Chance.” Unlike “Chance” the story is independent of the interlocutory powers of a number of different narrators; but like “Chance,” it breathes a compassionate affec- tion and a consummate percipience of two souls ever seeking, but ever missing the fullness of understanding. In “Victory” we read the story of Axel Heyst, the courtly Swede, manager in the isl- ands of the Tropical Belt Coal Co., idealist who once sought “facts,” had done with them; who once tried action and found it futile; and who, having retired to his island hermitage, was called back to the hazards of life through his meeting and elopement with Lena, the orches- tra girl. Of the story we need say nothing, but from every page it breathes the brooding atmosphere of the Islands and the deadly stagnation of the Tropics. O. HENRY EOR THE BLIND Two very bulky volumes, almost as large as the old time complete Webster dictionaries were brought into the office not long ago, and after some anxiety lest they turn out to be two more war books that simply must be read in order to keep up with the times, they finally were opened and turned out to be the first two volumes of O. Henry’s stories done in the raised point system for the blind. The same day came a letter from Dr. John C. Finley, Commissioner of Education at Albany, enclosing a letter from Mrs. Sara Coleman Porter, widow of the late Sidney Porter (O. Henry), saying: My dear Dr. Finley: It was very good of you to send me the O. Henry volumes for the blind, and I appreciate them. Recently I was in Durham, N. C., and I met an old woman who was blind. She said: “I am very, very old and I’m blind, and I’m nearly dead, but I love O. Henry’s stories.” It touched me more than anything I’ve ever heard one say about him. With thanks to you, (Signed) Sara Coleman Porter. At the New York Public Library reading room for the blind the O. Henry stories are equally well appreciated, and the volumes are always in great demand. This is just one more sign of the universal love of O. Henry stories, but it is especially gratifying to know that these tales, which continue year in and year out to give such genuine pleasure to so many thousands of people, are at last available for those who five in the world of darkness. April, 1!)15 THE GARDEN M A GAZIN E 143 “America’s Most Beautiful Evergreen” — White Pine AMERICAN-BORN— Suited to American Conditions Plant for Beauty USE WHITE PINE for screening unsightly spots. For brightening dry, barren hillsides. For underplanting in shade and wood- land. WHITE PINE will add beauty and restfulness to your home. Plant little trees in your garden, transplanting them elsewhere as desired. We would be glad to give you information on this subject. SPECIAL PRICES Root-Pruned T WICE-Transplanted White Pines NO. 1 QUALITY (HEAVY) 3 to 4 f< lOOO trees. ^295 12 trees for f set high lOO trees, ^34 4 trees for ^3 2 to 3 f( lOOO trees, ^ 1 7 O 12 trees for ^*^5 set high lOO trees, ^20 4 trees for ^2 ALL PRICES F. O. B. FRAMINGHAM, MASS. The illustration shows our 2 to 3 foot grade Plant T W I C E-Tr an spl anted for Quick Returns. Buy YOUR little trees where Landscape Architects, Park Superintendents and Foresters buy THEIRS. NORTHERN-GROWN, Unprotected, Hardy, Vigorous Plant for Utility USE WHITE PINE for Windbreaks and Snowbreaks. For shutting out the dust and noise of the road. For improving lands generally. WHITE PINE, “the standard tree of commerce,'' makes valuable timber plantations. PLANTS Our White Pines are sure GRCTWS r.cnv to pLase yo“. as they have D|r\l v EASILY thousands of others. RAPIDLY SPECIAL PRICES O NCE-Transplanted White Pine Trees LIGHTER GRADE 2 to 3 feet high lOOO trees, ^85 J lOO trees. no 12 trees for ^3 4 trees for 25 ALL PRICES F. O. B. FRAMINGHAM, MASS. Write To-day for t?ceawt“ed MANY MILLIONS of Trees for Ornament and Shade; for Hedges, Windbreaks, and Forests. Eittle Urn jfarms of America The Great Farms of Little Trees, of Large Values and Small Prices Nurseries of AMERICAN FORESTRY COMPANY Division A2, 15 Beacon Street, Boston, Mass. COLLECTED VERSE OF RUDYARD KIPLING Limp Leather Edition of Collected Verse of Rudyard Kipling IT is safe to say that the best verse Mr. Kipling has written is in this volume, because he has selected for this edi- tion the poetical works by which he wishes to be represented. Included are the favorites from “Ser- vice Songs,” the “ Barrack Room Bal- lads,” etc. The present edition is designed for a holiday gift book. It is bound artistically in limp brown leather, and boxed. Net $2.30 Doubleday, Page & Company Garden City New York “To tty’s ’Mums’’ OU don’t need a greenhouse to enjoy the beauties of “Totty’s ’ Mums,” for we have types that bloom out- doors and give you splendid satisfac- tion all through the month of October. My catalogue describes over four hundred kinds of CHRYSANTHE- MUMS, also all the new ROSES and CARNATIONS — and it’s yours for the asking. CHARLES H. TOTTY MADISON NEW JERSEY The Readers' Service will gladly furnish information about Retail Shops 144 T H E GARDE N M A G A Z I N E April, 1015 Poultry, Kennel and Live Stock Directory Information about the selection or care of dogs, poultry and live stock will be gladly given. Address INFORMATION DEPARTMENT, The Garden Magazine, 11-13 W. 32d Street, New York. Chicken Chowder makes Chesty Chix The first six weeks of a chick’s life largely determine its future profits. Paying hens grow fast when young. They mature early and begin laying early. Proper feeding of the right balanced ration puts a chick with constitutional vigor into the profit column early and keeps it there longer. Purina Chick Feed and Purina Chicken Chowder (in checkerboard bags) contain just the elements that makes chicks develop rapidly and lay early. These feeds, suited to tender digestive organs, will save every possible baby chick. Use Purina Chicken Chowder and Purina Chick Feed according to the Purina Feeding Plan, for the first six weeks of a chick’s life, and we will absolutely guarantee Double development or money back Don’t risk the future profits by using unknown or home-made feeds. Purina Chick Feed and Purina Chicken Chowder insure the quickest and largest profits. Insist on the original bag. Sold only in CHECKERBOARD BAGS. p/~\| Tf TRY P*RFF For y°ur dealer’s name we will send you this 48-page Poultry * LJ 1-i 1 I\ I Dv-JV-HV rixLL Book, containing plans of houses, breeding and feeding charts, space for daily egg records, cures of diseases, care of baby chicks, etc., and information about Col. Purina’s half priced galvanized iron Chick Drinking Fountains (2 for 25c.), feeders, etc. Write today. Col. Purina, Purina Mills, 829 Gratiot Street, St. Louis, Mo. Trial Offer: If your dealer cannot supply you with Purina Chick Feed and Purina Chicken Chowder send us $5.00 and we will ship you a 100-lb. bag of each by freight collect. To Retail Merchants: If your jobber cannot supply you with Purina Chick Feed and Purina Chicken Chowder send us your order for not less than 200 lbs. and we will see that it is delivered to you at regular dealers’ prices — packed only in 100-lb. checkerboard bags and in 100-lb. checkerboard bales containing twelve 8% lb. packages. A checkerboard bag ensures highest quality. A lo. O Poultry House Hodgson Portable Houses Setting Coops No. 0 HOUSE complete for 12 hens ; sanitary, movable, egg record breaker. $20.00. SETTING COOPS to set a hen in and brood her chicks. $3.00 each. PIGEON HOUSE complete with 10 nests, automatic feeder, water dish and cage. Neatly painted. Key-bolted together in 15 minutes Pigeon House $25.00. Send for illustrated catalogue . El? uonruvv rn /Room 311, 116 WASHINGTON ST., BOSTON. MASS.\ Address all corre- • »• nUinjJVll vVi \CRAFTSMAN BLDG., 6 EAST 39th ST., NEW YORK/ spondence to Boston Bob White Quail Partridges and Pheasants Capercailzies, Black Game, Wild Turkeys, Quails, Rabbits, Deer, etc., for stocking purposes. Fancy Pheasants. Peafowl. Swans, Cranes, Storks, Ornamental Geese and Ducks, Foxes, Squirrels, Ferrets, etc., and all kinds of hirds and animals. WILLIAM J. MACKENSEN, Naturalist Dept. 55, Pheasantry and Game Park YARDLEY, PA. G. D. TILLEY Naturalist “ Everything in the Bird Line from a Canary to an Ostrich” Birds for the House and Porch Birds for the Ornamental Waterway Birds for the Garden, Pool and Aviary Birds for the Game Preserve and Park I am the oldest established and largest exclusive dealer in land and water birds in America and have on hand the most extensive stock in the United States. G. D.T1LLEY, Naturalist Box G. Darien, Conn. THICK, SWOLLEN GLANDS that make a horse Wheeze, Roar, have Thick Wind or Choke-down, can be reduced with also any Bunch or Swelling. No blister, on hair gone, and horse kept at work. Concentrated — only a few drops required at an ap- plication. $2 per bottle delivered. Book 3 K Free. W. F. YOUNG, P. D. F., 152 Temple St., Springfield, Mass. Greider’s Fine Catalogue 4 and calendar of pure bred poultry; 70 vari- eties illustrated and described, many in natural colors. A perfect guide to poultry raisers — full of facts. Low prices on stock and eggs for hatch- ing. Incubators and brooders. 22 years in business. You need this noted book. Send 10c for it — today. B. H. GREIDER Box 25 RHEEMS, FA. Artistic Country Grounds Free expert criticism of plans. Suggestions on specific points. THE READERS' SERVICE BOSTON TERRIERS fine markings, good breeding and excel- lent dispositions. I have sold fifty of these fine pets and companions to Coun- try Li/e readers during the past year and satisfied every one. Also Bull Terriers and English Bull- dogs. Reasonable prices. Write Box 330, Garden Magazine 11 W. 32nd St. New York If you wish to systematize your business the Readers' Service may be able to offer suggestions Cover Design — Summer lilac (Buddleia Davidii, var) ( See page PAGE Readers’ Service - -- -- -- -- -- -- 140 The Month’s Reminder - -- -- -- -- -- 147 Getting Started Right - -- -- -- -- -- 149 Photographs by F. F. Rockwell Starting a Rose Garden - N. M. Moran 150 Photograph by Arthur G. Eldredge Planting Herbaceous Borders for Succession of Bloom 151 Charts by F. C. Leible About Buddleias ------- Leonard Barron 154 Photographs by G. O. Stoddard and W. S. Kimball What Shall We Do With the Shady Strie ? Gladys II. Sinclair 155 A Partnership Garden ------- Ruth Dean 156 Finding the Shrub to Fit the Place - William II. Richie 157 Photographs by A. G. Eldredge and G. O. Stoddard PlantingandShapingYoungTrf.es - J. C. Whitten 160 Photographs by the author 54) - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- - W . S. Kimball PAGE Ten Commandments for Spring Pruning ----- 1 61 Fighting Frost with Water and Smoke ----- 162 Photographs by F. F. Rockwell and W. H. S. Gardening by Young Folks - - - Ellen Eddy Shaw 164 Odds and Ends from Everywhere ------- 165 Photographs by A. G. Eldredge and E. I. Farrington Roberta of Roseberry Gardens - - Frances Duncan 167 Peas from June 7 to July 5 - - - Harold E. Wilson 170 Working the Garden Soil - - - - J . M. Patterson 174 Dasheens Grown on Long Island Photographs by the author Gertrude C. Davenport 178 The Best Pink, White and Red Peonies - A. P. Saunders 182 Suggestions for the Home Table - Effie M. Robinson 184 Club and Society News - -- -- -- -- -- 188 Producing Show Roses ------ IV. R. Pierson 190 Photograph by the author SUBSCRIPTION: $1.50 a year Single copies, i s cts. F. N. DOUBLEDAY. President HERBERT S. HOUSTON. Vice-President LEONARD BARRON. Editor COPYRIGHT, IQI5, BY DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY Entered as second-class matter at Garden City, New York, under the Act of Congress, March 3. 1879 S. A. EVERITT, Treasurer RUSSELL DOUBLEDAY, Secretary For Foreign Postage add 65c. For Canada add 35c. I The“Heatherhome" Seed Book of 1915 “ Your seedbook has been such an inspiration and help to us with our gardening that I wish all amateurs had a copy to guide them. I am sure the world would be much more beautiful." Hundreds of amateurs express themselves in similar terms after reading our book. The man who wrote this book knows not only flowers like few people do, but he also knows what the gardening public needs in the way of information. YOU ARE WELCOME TO A COPY if you simply address KNIGHT & STRUCK CO. Seedsmen Plantsmen One Madison Ave. New York City BOBBINK & ATKINS “World’s Choicest Nursery and Greenhouse Products” Grown in America Several years of constant thought and effort places us in a position to fill orders for all kinds of Nursery and Greenhouse Products for Outdoor Plant- ing and Indoor Decorations, independent of European Importations. Among the many attractions growing in our 300 acres of highly cultivated Nursery are large quantities of the following specialties. ROSE PLANTS. Hybrid Tea. Perpetual and other varieties. EVERGREENS, CONIFERS, and PINES. Many acres of our Nursery are planted with them. HARDY OLD-FASHIONED PEREN- NIAL PLANTS. SHADE TREES, FLOWERING SHRUBS and JAPANESE MAPLES. DWARF. TRAINED and ORDINARY FRUIT TREES, STRAWBERRY PLANTS and other small Fruits. BAY TREES, and large leaved decorative plants. DAHLIAS, and other Bulbs and Roots. Our New Hybrid Giant Flowering RHODODENDRONS. English, Hardy Hybrids, Catawbiense and Maximum varieties. HARDY VINES and CLIMBERS. JAPANESE FLOWERING CHERRY AND CRAB APPLE TREES. PEONIES, German and Japanese Iris. BOXWOOD and other large ieaved Ever- greens. CALIFORNIA PRIVET, BERBERIS and other Hedge Plants. PLANT TUBS. WINDOW BOXES. ENGLISH GARDEN FURNITURE, and RUSTIC WORK. Marshmallow Will Bloom Everywhere The above are described and priced in our Illustrated General Catalog No. 25, mailed upon request. When requesting catalog please state in what you are interested. VISITORS are made welcome to inspect our Products, which is very important before placing orders. “We Plan and Plant Grounds and Gardens Everywhere” Correspondence Invited Nurserymen, Florists and Planters Rutherford, New Jersey 145 T II E G A R 1) E N M A G A Z 1 N E April, 1915 146 DUTCH BULBS plIKKE In iio more iiNeful garden niaterlul 1 than wliat are known as Ihiteli Hu1I>a, Hyacinths Tulips, Narcissi, trocus. etc. They give for a small outlay of time and money an abundance of flowers in the house from December until April, and in the garde almost before the snow Is off the ground in the spring until the middle of Alay. From NOW until July lst-NOT LATER These bulbs are grown al- Our orders are selected most exclusively in Holland, and packed in Holland, and and in enormous quantities. are shipped to our customers where they are sold at very low immediately upon their arrival prices. Usually they pass through from Holland, perfectly fresh, the hands of two dealers, and more than double in price and in the best possible condition. If you wish to take advan- before reaching the retail buyer in America. By ordering tage of our very low prices, we must have your order not later from us now instead of waiting until fall, you make a than July 1st, as we import Bulbs to order only. They large saving in cost, get a superior quality of Bulbs, not need not be paid for until after delivery, nor taken if not usually to be obtained at any price in this country, and of a satisfactory quality. (References required from new have a much larger list of varieties to select from. customers.) A FEW OF THE PRICES: Per loo Per 500 Per 100 Per 500 per 100 Per 500 . $2.91, $14.00 Narcissus Poeticus Oraatus . . $ .75 $3.50 Narcissus Emperor rMonster Bulbs) $3.00 $13.50 .70 3.25 Double Daffodils 1.90 8.75 Narcissus Golden Spur .... 2.30 10.00 .90 4.25 Narcissus Empress( Monster Bulbs) 3.00 13.50 Spanish Iris, Splendid Mixture . . .55 3.00 For f rices on smaller quantities, see Our Import price-list, the most comprehensive catalogue of Bulbs published, now ready, and may be had for the asking. ELLIOTT NURSERY, 326 4th Avenue, Pittsburg, Pa. Fine Mixed Hyacinths . Fine Mixed Tulips . . Extra Fine Mixed Tulips LET US PLAN YOUR HARDY GARDEN NOW! You Can Afford a Hardy Garden This Year Of course you will have a garden again this year and why not have a permanent one that will give the maximum amount of enjoyment with the minimum amount of labor and cost? Read what a customer writes us: “In these times of high cost of living when a man wishes to economize all along the line, your catalogue is indeed most satisfying. I have received probably every catalogue issued this spring by the large firms in the East and West and the prices presented by your house run from 33 % to 300% less on most every item. As I have purchased plants of you, I know that the stocks are equal in every instance to those sent out by the others, so it seems that the payment of high prices for the usual flower-garden this spring is a matter of choice and not of necessity. An Easily Made Perennial Garden is yours almost for the asking. Perennials add a feeling of permanency to your home sur- roundings. They change their plumage but not their face and keep reflecting the seasons all the year around. In our attractive booklet — “Hardy Gardens Easily Made for the Busy Man,” we show simply prepared plans adaptable to most situations with the lowest estimates of cost. A little money goes a long way and the results are lasting. On receipt of ten cents in stamps which will be credited to your first order, we will send you this valuable plan book, together with our handsomely illustrated catalogue (48 pages, 9 x 12, the limit of true economy worked out). THE PALISADES NURSERIES, Inc. R. W. CLUCAS, Mgr. Sparkill, Rockland County, New York Growers of Palisades Popular Perennials and Landscape Gardeners Visitors alzvays zuelcome at our nurseries , zvhere they can make selections from more than a thousand varieties of Hardy Plants 1 • • ■ - 1 EVERGREENS Shade Trees — Shrubs — Hardy Flowers live and thrive if they didn’t have backbone. Such trees, shrubs and plants are free from soft growth. In short, they are dependable. Isn’t this the kind of nursery stock you want to put your money in? Send for a catalog. Tell us what your planting needs are, and the chances are we can suggest several happy solutions for them. TIIS time, try some Bay State shrubs or flowers. 1 grown trees, __ __ There are certain very practical reasons for doing it. To say it in a nutshell, they have the backbone so essential for successful transplanting and prompt, vigorous growth. They have it because they are grown right here in this rugged New England climate, where they couldn’t North Abington Mass. If a problem grows in your garden write to tlic Reader's Service for assistance ■ np o „ The Carden Magazine Before Starting DURING this month all planting of hardy shrubs, trees, flowers and vegetable seeds may be made. The first step to successful planting is making the soil right. The elements of fertility must be there before the plants them- selves are set out. Most people realize the propriety of this for vegetables and other crops that are treated as annuals, but may overlook the greater necessity of putting in a proper foundation for permanent crops, such as shrubbery borders, hedges, trees, etc., generally, and even the her- baceous border, all of which things are now calling for attention. A poor soil is the cause of more failures than all other likely causes combined. And remember that a poor start results in a weak growth which renders the plant susceptible to every bug and disease. Most soils need humus. This is retentive of moisture. Sandy soils particularly respond to manure, heavier soils will produce good results with commercial fertilizers. A clayey or heavy loam soil will sometimes sour; lime will correct this condition, besides being a mild fertilizer. THE garden should be so laid out that on one side of it will be all the crops that are to be in the garden the entire summer, such as: Swiss chard, chicory, cardoon, artichoke, celeriac, parsley, parsnip, salsify, and New Zealand spinach. These can all be sown with the exception of the artichoke, of which you want to get plants. Space should also be left for tomato, egg- plant, and peppers, as they are all-season crops. The following can also be sown at this time: beets, carrots, endive, kohlrabi, leek, lettuce, peas, radish, spinach, and turnip. All root crops are liable to scab or the attack of maggots, and these and other underground pests also attack onions and leeks. When sowing any of these vegetables, soot, lime, and tobacco worked into the soil are excellent preventives. I prefer the soot; use about a quart to twenty feet of drill, and work it into the soil when sowing the seed. A garden should have a herb border — at least a small place should be set aside for this class of plants. THIS is an excellent time to set out a fruit border; have in it surely raspberries, blackberries, currants, and gooseberries. How about a row or two of trained fruit trees along the garden walk? This is an English idea and is becoming more popular Am n the than the usual flower border. Fruits8 Uncover the strawberry bed and dig under the mulch. A good coating of lime is beneficial; dig this right under with the mulch. New strawberry beds can also be set out at this time. Don’t neglect to examine your fruit trees for scale; spray all that have scale, and any that you are in doubt about. Don’t be afraid to cut hard any newly set, young fruit trees. They require heavy pruning to form a strong growth, which will THE MONTH'S REMINDER COMPILED WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE HOME GARDEN, FROM THE TEN YEARS’ DIARIES OF A PRACTICAL EXPERT GARDENER For reckoning dates, the latitude of New York City is generally taken as a standard. In applying the directions to other localities, allow six days’ difference for every hundred miles of latitude Seeds To Sow Tools act as the foundation of the plant. Fruit trees that have reached the fruiting stage do not require heavy spring pruning; some of these make interior shoots which should be re- moved which, with and an occasional trimming back of the bearing shoots, will be all the attention necessary. How about covering the old iron fence with trained fruit trees? They are attractive and also profitable. Why not set out a small orchard, properly planted, etc., and from it you should get returns from three years on. If you did not sow any cover crops last fall, attend to it right away. Do not put it off; do it just as soon as the ground can be worked. Rye, corn, peas, crimson clover and vetch are the best cover crop for orchards, for plowing under later on. Look out for the currant worm; have some arsenate of lead to spray on the foliage as soon as it appears. Gooseberries are also attacked by this worm. ARE the garden tools ready? Some of the essentials are a measuring stick, plant labels, a garden line, a dibbler, a hoe, iron and wooden rakes, digging and manure forks, a spade, an asparagus knife, a trowel, a cultivating tool or Dutch hoe, some raffia for tying, a watering can, a wheelbarrow and a spray pump. This is a complete outfit, and the cost for everything will not exceed $15. THE more hardy vegetable plants that were started early (cabbage, cauliflower, lettuce, etc.) can be hardened off in a coldframe early this month, as any of these vegetables can be planted out some time after the middle of the month. Lime the soil for cabbage and cauliflower as this is the best preventive against club root. If you have neither greenhouse nor frame for raising early vegetable seedlings, it is better to purchase these plants from some one who has started them early, rather than wait for seed sown now. Make arrangements early for such plants as cabbage, cauliflower, celery, eggplant, peppers, tomatoes, and French globe artichoke. F THE weather is near normal, sowings can be made of the more hardy vegetables as early in the month as the soil gets in proper condition to be worked. Lay out all rows with a measuring stick and get them straight; use a line when making a drill for the seeds. Label everything you sow, giving the date, from whom purchased, etc., interesting data for other seasons. Are you going to make any tomato trellises for your garden? The customary triangular affair is satisfactory and very easy to make. Get bean poles ready, if you haven’t already done so. Don’t try to make yourself believe the bush limas are just as good for they are not. They are, of course, much earlier and are a necessity in every garden, but the pole bean is just as necessary. The ground should be prepared and the first planting of potatoes Early Started Plants Vegetable Garden 147 ns T II E G A R I) E N M A G A Z 1 N E April, 1 9 1 . > made this month. Don’t plant during wet weather when the soil is wet and soggy, or rot may result. Have you the pea brush ready? If not, get it cut before its foliage starts. The asparagus bed should now be dug over, getting the manure down as deep as possible. Follow this with a good coating of salt. This is also an excellent time to set out a new asparagus bed either from seeds or roots. If you want good melons, frames or some form of plant forcing device are a necessity, if you don’t wish to buy them get busy and make them. If your garden is or has been troubled with cutworms, it is better to make arrangements to protect early set plants. A strip of tin or a paper collar will serve this purpose; there is also a very cheap paper flower-pot which is exceptionally good. Place these so that they circle the plant and extend about three quarters of an inch into the ground and a couple of inches above the ground line. THE mulch on the lawn can now* be raked up and carted away. Go over the lawrn with an iron rake and tear out all the crab grass you can find. This is the proper time to prepare and sow down any bare spots in the lawn; the earlier this is done the less T noticeable the spots will be. Any new lawns being considered should be sown at the earliest possible moment; late sowings usually develop a lot of weeds. Better sod any washouts that occurred on any steep grades, because if you sow them they will continue and wash out. Pasture fields of all kinds can be sown at this time and any fencing or repairing of fences necessary for the stock should now be attended to. Roll the lawn with the heaviest roller you can secure. Get the lawn mower in shape, because the grass will soon need cutting. Did you know that Pachysandra terminalis will live and thrive where grass won’t grow? It is an excellent ground cover and can be used in shaded places and in poor sandy soils. TN NORMAL seasons a number of the more hardy annuals can be sown out in the open ground around the middle of the month. Tender flowers must be started in the coldframes; these should be sown now. Commence to harden off annuals started Flower Seeds early in the greenhouse, preparatory to planting . , „ . out. It is, of course, best to deal with the more hardy ones first. Sweet peas should be sown at once; it is very important to get these started early as they will not stand the dry hot weather. Those started indoors in pots can be set out this month. Montbretia and gladiolus can be planted toward the end of the month. Don’t plant ail the gladiolus at one time, but rather make successional plantings so that the flowering season will be continued. Dahlia roots can be set out the latter part of this month, but the ground must not be wet and soggy or they will rot. Make preparations to flood your iris bed. This can be easily arranged wdth a few boards set up edgewise; you will be astonished at the difference in the quality of the flower. All plant tubs used around the garden should be painted, and where desired a very pleasing finish can be had by painting the tub and then covering it with sand while the paint is wet. Shrubberies For trellis work or around your piazza, if you are considering any new roses, don’t forget to try some of the Lord Penzance sweet briars. They are especially fine trellis roses. How about covering some of the old bare walls with a few vines? or, why not plant out some objectionable feature of your place? This is the time of year to make improvements. T^XAMINE all your plantings for scale, and spray those that are infested before the buds burst. If the hedges have winterkilled in places fill in the gaps now. The earlier it is done the better. Any large trees moved should be well staked so that they don’t sway with the wind; they should have a heavy mulch applied and the trunks should be covered with straw or burlap. All foliage shrubs that require it can be pruned this month, and prune all newly planted stock to offset the shock of planting. Shrubs that flower on the terminal of the current season’s growth can be pruned now; other flowering shrubs such as mag- nolia, forsythia, and lilac should be pruned immediately after flowering. Protection should be removed from rhododendron and other tender evergreens, selecting a dark day for this work if possible. Uncover tender hydrangeas which were buried last fall to protect them. When looking over the trees and shrubs don’t neglect to cut down and destroy any caterpillars and any cocoons that you see. These usually contain enough to destroy all the foliage on a good sized tree. Greenhouses START cuttings of bedding plants now. This is the “last call” to get good sized plants for bedding out. Cannas started on the benches are to be potted up as soon as they are sufficiently rooted. Look over hydrangeas in tubs and those requiring it, must be retubbed. Old rusty scrap iron or nails in the soil will give a blue color to the blossoms. Make arrangements for your new rose plants; early delivery is important. Have you thought of some potted fruits for your greenhouse as a summer crop? TF YOU are not going to use it for other purposes, the following are all good summer crops for the greenhouse, and can be started now; cucumbers (use the English frame varieties); the English forcing type of melons; and any good variety of tomatoes. Ferns started from runners at this time and kept growing will be of good size next winter. This is a good month for propagating chrysanthe- mums. Plants started now can be finished in 7-inch pots. Do not neglect the young carnation plants. Spray them occasionally wdth copper solution to keep down rust. After proper hardening off the plants can be put outdoors late this month in well prepared soil. A great deal of our success next winter depends upon the thoroughness with which we prepare the soil. Every inch of available space in the greenhouse should be crowded at this season of the year. Water carefully; and use good judg- ment in ventilating. Summer Crops UNCOVER the tender roses which were protected last fall, examine them carefully for scale, ofttimes the unlooked for cause of failure. Prune the roses now, Leave about two or three eyes on the Flower hybrids and cut out all weak growth, such as thin Garden interior shoots. Tea roses do not require such heavy pruning. Remove all weak shoots and cut back the others about one third. Get stakes ready for dahlias, cosmos, and other tall plants; also pea brush for sweet peas. If you are contemplating a new rose bed, attend to it now. Buy good varieties and don’t forget to include a few of the tea roses. Perennials that require shifting should be attended to at the earliest possible moment; and any new work along these lines should not be neglected. Do all your planting this month. T3 OSES must be pruned hard to produce good results. The hybrid rose should be cut back to a couple of eyes — that is, leave only a couple of eyes of the past season’s wood. Tea roses, however, do not require such heroic treatment; just a general p . reduction and the thinning out of any weak, thin shoots Roses *s sufficient- This is an excellent time to set out a rose bed. Tea roses, although not so hardy or robust as the Hybrid Perpetuals, and requiring winter protection, are so beautiful that they fully repay any one for the efforts spent on them. The Hybrid Teas are the most generally useful however. Do not forget this when ordering your roses. Climbing roses should be pruned rather vigorously, cutting out the very old wood and staking and tying up the younger shoots which are the real producers. GETTING STARTED RIGHT By F. F. Rockwell, S“i Drop the plants along the row, not too many at a time, ahead of you. Expose them to wind and sun as little as possible. Set deep and firm enough so that they are not “wobbly,” if necessary pressing the soil about them with the feet. Tall tomato plants can be bent over and covered to within a few inches of the first blossom stalk. Where cutworms are prevalent, spread around poisoned bran mash for several days before the plants are set Cross mark the furrow where the plants are to be set, and at each of these cross marks put a half handful of bone, guano, cotton-seed meal, or all three combined, or a small forkful of well decomposed compost, and mix with the soil. Go over the row again with the hoes reversed, to throw back the soil; it is now in fine mellow condition and ready for the setting of the plants the cross marks between the rows show where the prepared “hills” are Careless planting is often the cause of a “poor stand.” Keep the seed drill well oiled; watch the seed to see that it is running evenly and falling to the bottom of the drill; keep the front wheel true on the mark; keep the roller wheel well clear. Test the seed drill before planting; a very common error is to sow too thickly, which means more work in thinning out and injury to remaining plants. Eight to twelve seeds to the inch of small and medium sized seeds, and three to six of larger sized seeds is right. The index on the drill can be only approximate, as the size of seeds varies greatly. In this picture the machine is being run on a board as a try out Properly setting out plants is as important as sowing seed. Use fertilizer or compost in the hills of such plants as cabbage, cauliflower, tomatoes, peppers, eggplant, and even lettuce, and started hills of melons and lima beans. A quick and easy way to do this is to open up a furrow several inches deep the length of the row with the plow attachment for the wheelhoe. Use both hoes, set points together, or a double mould board plow, so as to throw the soil both ways If possible transplant on a cloudy day, or late in the afternoon. If the plants are large and succulent, cut back a third or so of the largest leaves. Keep newly set plants from wilting badly; while not fatal, this seriously delays growth. Sheets of newspaper can be rapidly put over each plant and held in place by a handful or two of soil on the edges. The same protection is effective against light frost The combination seed drill and wheel hoe will pay for itself even in the smallest garden. Machine ready to sow seed, open the drill, drop the seed, cover it, roll the row and make the next row in one passage Cover the seed three to five times as deep as it is thick through. Or, sow small seeds (lettuce, carrots, turnips) Finch deep; medium sized seeds (onions, radish, cab- bage) Finch deep; large seeds (peas, beans, corn) 2 inches deep; between medium and large (beets, spinach, parsnips, salsify) 1 inch deep. In heavy soils, or cold and wet soils, plant shallower; deeper in light soils and dry weather Have everything ready for planting before removing the plants from the frames or flats. Take them out carefully, with an old case- knife or a transplanting trowel or fork (an ordinary trowel is not adapted to this work), getting a good ball of earth with each, and disturbing the roots as little as possible. Pack in an empty fiat or a shallow basket for convenience in handling. Do not delay too lung the actual planting 149 Starting a Rose Garden — By N. M. Moran, JJJUi; JUST WHAT THE BEGINNER NEEDS TO KNOW ABOUT ROSES— HOW TO PLANT AND HOW TO PRUNE FOR FLOWERS OF QUALITY ence . Each grower has his own particular the- ories and foi- bles, all having some merit, but methods by which another person reaches success will not necessarily lead to success for you. The selection of the bushes is of the utmost importance — the variety, the age, and the shape. Choose only the well-known and hardy lands and no teas unless they are to be placed in a very sunny, sheltered position and not exposed to cold drying winters. Keep the varieties down to one of each color and make up quantity by getting dozens of each kind. The time for wide selection and trying out of novel- ties will be later, when personal acquain- tance has been made with roses. I name here only a very few of the reliable standby lands; with which it is almost impossible to have a failure; they are all hardy, free bloomers, and possess good foliage. Ulrich Brunner. Bright red, large flower, and long stemmed. (Hybrid Per- petual) Frau Karl Druschki. Snow white, well shaped buds, large, very double flowers. Blooms the whole summer. (Hybrid Per- petual) Caroline Testout. Bright clear pink, free and constant bloomer. This is a Hybrid Tea, more hardy than a Tea and will stand very cold weather. A very satisfactory rose. Kaiserin Augusta Victoria. Creamy white, perfect buds. Another Hybrid Tea and a very strong grower. The Lyon. Shrimp pink, shading to Three popular roses: Ulrich Brunner, Mrs. John Laing, and Hugh Dickson I AM writing this not for a knowing amateur, but simply for one who knows nothing at all about raising roses, but loves them and wants them to grace his garden and house. Rose culture, like anything else, must be learned, slowly, from the ground up and usually through ex- peri- lemon. A comparatively new rose, a strong grower and very beautiful, needs a heavy soil. (Pernettiana) Strong, two-year old plants cost more than the smaller ones, but I consider them vastly more satisfactory for the beginner. They will adapt themselves readily to their new home and produce more and better flowers the first season. I also prefer plants on their own roots because in my garden budded stock has not stood cold weather very well without protection and unless constant watchfulness is maintained, the suckers from the brier stock will choke out the more delicate child (Of course there will be differences of opinion on these two points — I am merely giving my own.) Plants from a well known dealer or grower are apt to be more healthy, better shaped, and have better root systems than those from some untried house. And it pays to buy good stock for rapid success depends largely on this factor. Planting is best done early in the spring as soon as frost is out of the ground; or it may be done in the late fall. The plot selected should be sunny, protected from winds, and well drained. Roses abhor “wet feet.” A good loam is the best soil. Deep spading and fertilizing, at the time the bed is made, will insure good roses and do away with the necessity for transplant- ing the bushes after a few years. Thev are gross feeders and if they are not put into a well prepared bed will soon exhaust the nourishment in the soil and require transplanting. A good way to plant is in a double row, alternating the bushes. They should be about thirty inches apart and one foot from the edge of the bed. Rose bushes are usually cut back when they are sent out from the nursery and require no further pruning when planting. But pruning must be done the following spring. Before attacking a bush, stop to consider what needs to be done and what is the best way to do it. Weak wood or old wood does not bear good roses; there- fore, cut it out without mutilating the bush. First select the strong shoots and cut them back to fourteen or sixteen inches from the ground, always cutting just above a strong outside bud and as close as possible to it without injuring it. If the cutting is made above an eye opening inward, the young growth will shoot inward and choke the inside of the plant. The centre of the bush should be kept as open as possible, so that light and air may enter. Now select the weak and tiny twigs and cut them off close to the parent limb. They will not bear fine roses and only sap the strength of the bush. Always cut so that no stump is left to rot, for rot runs down into healthy wood. Stand away from the bush and regard it very thoughtfully and carefully. The more old wood that is cut out the better, so take off just as much as you think the plant will stand and then a little more. The tendency usually is not to cut enough rather than too much and it is the severe pruning in early spring that produces fine roses in summer. Do not prune at all in the fall except to shorten the long canes, so that the wind will not thrash the plant and loosen it in the ground. The soil must not be permitted to dry out as hot weather comes on. Soaking the soil around the roots twice or thrice a week is vastly better than surface watering every day. Surface watering injures the plant by drawing the roots to the surface of the ground, where they are baked by the hot sun. Water applied by way of the top of the plant blights the "buds and pro- duces mildew. Pests that prey on the rose bush are with us always and careful work is the only thing that will defeat them. After the plants are fully in leaf and are looking their very healthiest, keep them so by giving them a sprinkling of Ivory soap mixture. This is made by shaving a large cake of Ivory soap and dissolving it in a gallon of boiling water. Put one half a pint of this paste into a gallon watering pot and fill up with cold water. Then apply carefully so that each leaf receives a drop or two. Soapy wash water is excellent to put around the base of the bushes. If bugs are particularly bad in July and August, a tea made of tobacco stems will be found beneficial. Go over each bush as soon as the buds have formed and nip off all but one on the end of each stalk. This takes courage, but you will feel amply repaid when the blooms begin to come forth. The result will be large, perfectly formed roses on long straight stems. If all buds are permitted to mature the bush is overburdened, and able only to produce a quantity of mediocre flowers unfit for cutting. The early part of July finds the roses past their first glory. Now is the time to prune again, slightly, if you would have roses lasting on through the summer. Remove all dead flowers and cut back the long canes four eyes. New shoots and buds will soon appear and August will find you with a second crop of roses almost as good as the first. If left to themselves after the first blooming the bushes will continue to produce flowers spasmodically, throughout the summer, but these will be lacking in color, length of stem and healthy foliage. The midsummer pruning gives the plant a new lease on life and repays the work by giving beautiful flowers. Be very severe in bud nipping after this summer pruning. The bushes appreciate weak liquid man- ure while forming buds. Sifted wood ashes may be applied with benefit any time, but especially after the first cultivating in early spring. In the fall cover the bed with manure and fork it in in the spring. Cow manure is the very best for roses, but horse manure will answer. Do not be discouraged if at first you don’t succeed. 150 Planting the Herbaceous Borders for Succession of Bloom Charts drawn by P « C» Lciblcj York SHOWING COMBINATIONS OF HERBACEOUS PLANTS FOR CONTINUOUS BLOOM FROM FROST TO FROST, IN UNITS THAT CAN BE ADAPTED TO ANY REQUIREMENT IN DESIGNING the herbaceous border, there must always be kept in mind the necessity of having something in bloom over the longest possible season, color harmonies, and balance of the different units, so that at any time of the year, when the border may be looked at, there is presented a series of changing pictures from day to day. In reality it is not a difficult thing to plant the herbaceous border with a consid- erable degree of satisfaction to the planter if only a little consideration be taken of the character of each individual plant, or kind of plant used. There are certain obvious factors which hardly need mention, such as the propriety Key plan showing the sections discussed in the text, each section having a character of its own of placing the taller plants to the rear, al- though this may be slightly varied in occa- sional instances by bringing a tall plant well to the foreground, by which means a certain relief is given to the contour of the whole. It is not our purpose, at this time, to discuss in detail the principles involved in making a border, but rather to present a comprehen- sive number of units that are grouped to- gether in an idealized, complete herbaceous garden. Each feature of the garden may be taken by itself and reproduced with entire satisfaction, without reference to the other sections. For instance, as is shown in the key sketch on this page, section No. i is designed as a border bed containing a ‘.SIX* ' s* 1 ■ * 1 5 / >' .or av ~ ■, „ ^ ^ >-7 ^PHL°X. j?£o ^ psTEE ! peonies* ,- - - ^ T '[t, '"-'~-AoBTPew£K^r'oeL'pMnloii - L J-s' uoescK/ft s.jfcir>ii#T# r.< •" ^ ~ ^ - j/el. j/rNTrfus 7 tf/&/scus sr/i/r*?/r/$ , /?vob£ ck/* ubc/m n pl\ r V' BOCC 0.V//7 CO^P/JT/7 • ^ ___ ___ _! » ' H£L/MTrtl/3 i /1ULT/rL.FL.0L. ' ON ROCKS ' n r-> ^ ^ rrv r~) ^ rT1 ^ ''P C1 O O ^ O rr- ^ o r/iii(rhlv ri Roses are “QUALITY” Roses they jj. Propagated last summer by our own 7"““ special method — thoroughly rested during the winter — they are now thrifty, sturdy plants, well supplied with their own roots, ready to grow and bloom profusely till snow flies. If they fail, you get your money back. Send for these 1 0 Strong Plants KILLARNEY Beautiful sea-^hell pink; ANTOINE RIVOIRE -Rosy flesh on yellow ground; BESSIE BROWN — Creamy white, immense flowers; F. R. PAYZER Pink, light orange, shading; ETOILE DE LYON — Sulphur yellow, large; HELEN GOOD Delicate yellow, shaded pink; DEAN HOLE — Intense salmon, pink color; CLOTHILDE SOUPERT Best of all bedders; ECARLATE — A beautiful dark red; CHAMPION OF THE WORLD Pink. SPECIAL COLLECTION OFFERS 6 Carnations, all colors - 25c 6 Chrysanthemums - - 25c 6 Beautiful Coleus 25c 3 Flowering Cannas - 25c 3 Double Dahlias - - - 25c 3 Hardy Iris - - - - - 25c 10 Lovely Gladioli - 25c 10 Superb Pansy Plants - 25c Any Five Collections Prepaid for Only $1.00 AVe prepay all charges and guarantee safe arrival and satisfaction. Learn all about our guaranteed sum- mer grown and winter-rested “G & R” Roses. A postal will bring you a beautiful, illustrated BOOKLET — FREE. Kenieniber we guarnntee every rose to bloom thin Hummer or your money bark. THE GOOD & REESE CO., Largest Rose Growers in the World. Box 302, SPRINGFIELD, OHIO Reference: Citizens National Bank, Springfield, 0. 6 hardy Everblooming/^ ^ ROSES 1X1 LO All sure to bloom and bloom all summer Clothilde Soupert, delicate variegated. Etoile de France, the reddest of reds. Kaiserin Victoria, spjendid white. Hermosa, the popular pink. La France, beautiful rosy pink. Yellow Cochet, the best yellow. Our 25c Collections <» Chrysanthemums <» FiicIihIuh . <» Carnations fi Gem n in him <; Coleus (! Pet ii it I us R 'Tuberoses 12 Gladioli 12 Pansies 25c 25c 25c 25c 25c 25c 25c The ten collections, including the six Roses, 72 Plants for $2.00. For $1.00 We guarantee satisfaction and safe arrival Our 1915 catalog;. “Floral Gems,'* showing tT IP 17 17 Over 200 Mowers in nuturul colors, sent 1 4 *-* McGregor Bros. Co., Box GOO, Springfield, O. A WOMAN FLORIST Hardy Everblooming 6 Roses On their own roots ALL WILL BLOOM THIS SUMMER 25 Sent to any address post-paid; guaranteed to reach you in good growing condition. GEM ROSE COLLECTION Lady Quartus Ewart, Snow White FurbenUonltfiii, Grandest Pink I dward Mauley. Dazzling Crimson Lady Plrrle, Y ellow and Pink Margaret. Delicate Blush Melody, Golden Yellow SPECIAL BARGAINS 6 Carnations the “Divine Flower,” all colors, 25c. 6 Prize- Winning Chrysanthe- mums, 25c. 6 Beautiful Coleus, .... 25c. 3 Flowering Cannas. - - - - 25c. 3 Choice Double Dahlias, - - 25c. 3 Choice Hardy Iris, .... 25c. 10 Lovely Gladioli, ----- 25c. 10 Superb Pansy Plants, - - - 25c. 15 Pkts. Flower Seeds, all different, 25c, Any FI ve Collections tor One Dollar. l*ost-Pal«l Guarantee sat- isfaction. Once a customer, always one. Catalog Free. MISS ELLA V. BAINES, Bov «♦>, Springfield, Ohio OSES NEW CASTLE is the name of our famous book on rose culture. Mag- nificently printed in actual colors. Gives expert advice to amateur rose growers. Describes our famous hardy roses —the best for home planting in America— and tells how to grow them. A wonderful book and the most instructive of its kind published. FREE. Write todav. HELLER BROS. COMPANY Box 421, New Custle, Ind. Pn«tpr Situ runs The most convenient way I UjIcI kjld Uip J 0f collecting poster art. We have a few copies of the “ Poster Pack,” containing many beautiful and rare specimens. 15 cents postpaid Standard Publicity Service, 716 Perry Bldg., Phila., Pa. Label Your Roses and Plants WITH PERMANENT Simplex Weatherproof Labels PRICES; POSTPAID, INCLUDING COPPER WIRES, No. 1 — Size 3 x$ inches, 25c. doz. $2.00 per 100 No. 2— Size 4xJ inches, 50c. doz. $4.00 per 100 STEWART & CO., 171 Broadway, New York io SPECIAL OFFER IO Shrubs and Vines Our Cottage Garden Collection, delivered at planting time i Wisteria FOR 1 White Lilac i Boston Ivy i Golden Spirea i Climbing Rose | (I f| i Deutzia i Bridal Wreath *-P i Pink Honeysuckle i Hydrangea i Golden Bell Order Now. Stock Limited. Send P. O. Money Order O. VAN LEEUWEN & CO. Worcester, Mass. Reference: Worcester National Bank Lest You Forget THINGS THAT THRIVE Peonies Iris Gladioli Shrubs Roses Vines, etc. FRED W. CARD, Sylvanla, Pa. “Euonymus Vegetus” The rarest and most beautiful ever- green climbing vine that bears red berries in fall and winter. It is en- tirely hardy and it will be the most popular of all climbing plants ever introduced. I have the true stock at low prices. Send for my list. Adolf Muller DeKalb Nurseries Norristown, Pa. we “stowed away” so many peas on the first day, June 7th, that we rested up a day before eating more. Pickings made on ihe 9th and 10th, as will be seen from the table, cleaned up the crop. By the 12th Gradus was ready, having matured in 63 days. The last picking was on the 15th. The next day Little Marvel was on the job, after a growing period of 59 days, but the yield for some reason was the poorest of all the varieties sown. By the 1 8th it was a thing of the past. I expected Alderman to be next in order and have so placed it on the table, but it was not. British Wonder beat it out, maturing in about 64 days. We did not make our first picking of British Wonder until the 2 1st, making a three day gap from the last picking of Little Marvel; but we could have had it a day or two earlier had we chose. By that time- plenty of other “truck” was coming along and we believed a change would do us good. We made pickings of British Wonder on the 22d, 23d, and 24th, then switched to Alderman which had matured in the meanwhile. This variety took 68 days from seed sowing to harvest. On the 27th we had another mess of Alderman (sounds like politics!) and the last of British Wonder. The next day we were back after Alderman again. On the 29th, the day following, Potlach was ready. This bore well until July 5th, on which day we also made a quarter peck clean up of pods from the Alderman vines. You will find some gaps between pickings from perusal of both this article and the appended table, but this does not mean that we could not have had at least a few peas every day from June 7th to July 5th. It would have been easy had we chosen to use more moderation when picking. When we want peas, however, we want peas. While we frown on the practice of eating them with a knife, or trying to, we likewise discourage the fashion of serving them in old-fashioned butter dishes, small size. The yield per ten foot of row as shown by the accompanying table is not high. In fact, it is scandalously low. The year preceding I got about double the yield from all my early plantings. Any one who was living in eastern Pennsylvania Jf you wish Io systematize your business the Readers' Service may be able to offer suggestions April, 1915 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 173 The Right Plan for the Spring Gardening PLANTING methods should be carefully thought out. To lay out a new place or to im- prove an old one, requires first of all a well considered plan. Let our landscape gardeners aid you. The more than 50 years of suc- cess of the Meehan organization in all garden work, is your assur- ance of expert service. The ser- vice includes not only the mak- ing of plans, surveys, landscape work, sewage disposal, water sup- ply and advice on shrubs, prun- ing, spraying and forestry, but we actually do the work, having our own permanent expert organ- ization. Let us quote you rates on any work that you may have in mind. Building a Golf Coutse in Florida If there is any question relative to your home property, that we can answer by correspondence, we will gladly do so without obli- gation to you. We want to help you. Write us. THOMAS MEEHAN & SONS Landscape Gardeners and Engineers Tree Experts 7106 Germantown Avenue Philadelphia American Pillar Rose Roses Like These — of rich and rosy pink — the most popular single, hardy climbers in exist- ence, will adorn your porches after only one season’s growth. There are other C. & J. own- root Roses too • — bush, climbing, dwarf and tree, and all Guaranteed to Grow and Bloom. cteam of the world’s best. 101 of them are winners. We offer you nearly 400 varieties — the very These we have marked with a jf- in our IQ15 Rose Guide, making ordering easy and safe. Our stock is the largest, choicest and most complete we have ever had, and we are prepared to make prompt delivery in spite of this season’s heavy demand. The guide is a beauty — has 85 illustrations, 19 in color. A postal brings it. Write today. The CONARD & Jones Co. Rose Specialists. Over 50 Yrs. Experience Box 24, West Grove, Pa. The advertising pages of The Garden Magazine areas interesting as the text. The text pages tell you how to do things, when to do things and with what — the advertising pages tell you where to buy these things. How can we better serve you in these advertising pages ? We welcome suggestions from our readers as to offer- ings they desire to have placed before them and will as well welcome constructive criticism of the advertis- ing as it now appears. If you have a suggestion be so kind as to let us have it. We will thank you. The advertiser who uses these pages has confidence in The Garden Magazine's business-producing power and the only way he has of knowing that the adver- tising in these pages interests you is by your mention- ing The Garden Magazine in your response. — The Ad Man. Estate of C. E. Finlay, Esq., Kensington Gardens, L. /. Carpenter’s Tennis Fence All-Galvanized - Rigid - Indestructible THERE are a good many things to think of when selecting a wire fence, and the careful architect and “owner” thinks of most of them. This explains why our “tennis fence,” for instance, has been adopted by a great majority of the leading Tennis and Country Clubs: also by hundreds of private owners. We are makers and builders of iron railings, entrance gate^ and wire fences. We make a specialty of fences for Lawns Gardens Farms Private Estates Parks Factories Our all-galvanized, unclimbable, chain link fences are specially suitable for estate boundaries and industrial properties. We make a fence for every fence purpose. Our illustrated catalog will help you solve your fence problems. It will be sent on request. Your correspondence is solicited. F. E. CARPENTER COMPANY 858 Postal Building New York For information regarding railroad and steamship lines, write to the Readers ’ Service f^ouinuiiuiniuu^ 174 TIIE GARDEN M A G A Z I N E April, 1915 'T'HIS contains 15 of our choicest vegetables and will be sent for$i .00. It has proved a great favorite with ! th ose planting small gardens, both be- cause of the care taken in the selection and the price which is considerably less than the several varieties of seeds would cost purchased separately. Y ADIUM zer has been thoroughly tested on 130 acre farm, in con- servatories, gardens, etc. In fact, scientists in Europe and America have been testing the effect of radium up- on plant life for ten years. In addi- tion to its beneficial effects, it has been discovered that where Radium Brand Fertilizer (R.A.F.) was used, plants suffered less from soil par- asites, especially cut worms. Dr. H. H. Rusby, Columbia University, in speaking of his experiments with Radium Brand Fertilizer (R.A.F.) says: “Perhaps the most important Tkjo\ effect of the radium was that r ,S proving the edible properties oU the Tree products. Book Sample Can, Prepaid, 25c Radium Brand Fertilizer (R.A.F.) makps. fkinAc is sold by florists, grocers, druggists • ^ £ and seed and hardware dealers. If gr<->w . your dealer can not supply you send us his name and 25 cents for can (12 oz. net R.A.F.) prepaid. Also sold, as follows, prepaid, where dealers can not supply you: 2 lb. can 5 lb. can . 50c . $1.00 10 lb. can . 25 lb. can . . $1.75 . $3.75 In writing always be sure to give us your dealer’s name, so we can arrange for your future supply. RADIUM FERTILIZER COMPANY 211 Vanadium Building Pittsburgh, Pa. KBfiB 'liituL own with Radium Brand rtilizen - Wt. 17% pounds G rown Fertilizer Our Collection of HARDY MUMS was awarded Silver Medals by the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society at the shows of 1912-1913 and 1914. They are the Glory of the Garden in Autumn Send for our list, grouped as to color and time of blooming, with full cultural directions. A subscription to the Main Line Floral Guide is given with each order. $1.25 per dozen; $7.00 per 100, expressage prepaid. Strafford Flower Farm Box 270 Strafford, Pa. Quality and Reputation A LL of the seeds, plants and bulbs that you purchase are bought on the reputation of the seller. Even the most thoroughly trained seedsman or horticulturist is unable to give a satisfactory opinion without exhaustive tests, and with this fact in mind it is always desirable to first investigate the reputation of your seedsman. The business of Peter Henderson & Co., was established in 1847 and has been built to its present proportions by the most carefid attention to quality. The third generation of Hendersons are in charge today and there is some- thing more than just a plain business relationship existing between themselves, their employees and their customers. When you buy Henderson’s seeds you buy 69 years of experience; you buy the prestige and reputation of years of successful seed raising and selling; you buy seeds that have behind them the sentiment brought out by many years of careful, conscientious attention to our customers and their wants. The very smallest part of the cost is represented by the seeds and it is by far the most important. Try the Henderson Way this year and see if there isn’t a difference. Our catalogue “Everything for the Garden," 200 pages, 8 color plates and 1,000 illustrations, together with the Henderson Collection of six packets of flower and vegetable seeds in a coupon envelope good for 25 cents on any cash order for seeds, plants or bulbs of $1.00 or over, mailed on receipt of 10 cents. Peter Henderson & Co. 35 and 37 Cortlandt Street New York Yellow Sweet Corn Early, Tender, Juicy and Sweet Ordway’s Golden is the original yellow sweet corn and has been grown by the Ordways nearly forty- five years. Previous to 1900 it had only a local reputation but since its introduction at that time it has gained favor in many households throughout the land and is now regarded as the ideal corn. A State Agricultural College stated in its bulletin some years ago that a thorough test of the various strains of yellow sweet corn resulted in their select- ing Ordway’s as the best. We do not boast of three ears to the stalk, let alone the five which one seeds- man claims is a possibility with his strain, but if we get two good ears on most of the stalks we consider it a first-rate yield. Carefully selected seed sent postpaid on receipt of price Quart, 60c Pint, 35c Half-pint 20c. O. P. ORDWAY Saxonville, Mass. Send Today For These Seeds They are the seeds that make good. Whether you gar- den for profit or for pleasure, you can depend on getting the most satisfac- tory results from W. & D. Seeds. New Aster, Miss Alice Don, Mikado type, large, flufly; lustrous pink. Red Sunflower, a distinct novelty. Annual Lu- pinus, splendid border plant. One Packet of each 1 OC I Our Big Catalogue 1 UcIHS Or you may have the catalogue free, if you will send us your name and address. Weeber & Don 1 14-B Chambers St. New York City TREE AND BALL FORM PRIVETS are a good imitation of Boxwood. Being hardy and inexpensive makes them very desirable. We make a specialty of ORNAMENTAL and FRUIT TREES, EVERGREENS, SHRUBBERY, VINES, ROSES, etc. Write for our illustrated catalogue and price list. It will give some valuable suggestions which will help you improve the appearance and value of your property. THE MORRIS NURSERY COMPANY West Chester Chester County, Penna. The Readers' Service will give inlormotion about the latest automobile accessories 176 T H E G ARDEN MAGAZINE April, 1915 IS MOST PLEASING TO ANY WOMAN WHO LOVES HER HOME To be told that it is attractive, cozy, tasteful, home-like. It is the well deserved reward of all the loving thought and work and care spent to make it worthy of such a description. THE OUTSIDE Gives every visitor his or her first impression and many a passer-by his only impression. You can make that impression one that breathes softly but surely of the love and comfort within, by the careful, artistic arrangement of TREES, SHRUBS, PLANTS and FLOWERS Our 1915 Catalog contains many valuable hints and suggestions and by writing for it, you place our many years’ experience at your disposal. NEW ENGLAND NURSERIES 221 Concord Road, Bedford, Mass. so as to have robust plants to put into the cold- frames in the fall for winter blooming. The vegetable garden should have a southern or southeastern exposure and, if possible, an ever- green windbreak on the north side. Fruit trees should be on the north side of the garden to prevent early blooming and thus save the buds from the severe frosts. The rows in the garden should run north and south to get the full benefit of the sun’s rays. Work a large garden with horse and plow and make rows at least two and a half feet apart. For a small garden, where it is necessary to economize with space, make the rows a foot apart as they can be worked with hand plows and cultivators. Plant the small fruits, and permanent crops like rhubarb, at the extreme end of the garden so that they will not be disturbed when working the rest of the garden. Plant the herbs near the house within easy ac- cess. Keep the long season root crops to themselves, such as carrots, parsnips, turnips, and salsify. Celery must have a bed to itself as it is planted in deep trenches and needs heavy manuring and much water. Sow seeds in coldframes in May and transplant in July to the open ground. Fall planted cabbages must have constant atten- tion, frequent cultivation and occasional applica- tions of nitrate of soda worked down either side n V Choice Rhododendrons Shade Trees, Big and Little IF you want some really choice Rhododendrons that are strong rooted, and have fine developed tops that are full ofbloom buds; then here is the place to get them. No color clashes among the assortment. Prices are reasonable for such superior stock. Before you buy any shade trees, big or little, let us explain to you the distinct advantages of buying our large trees that save you years of waiting. If you then decide to buy smaller trees, we have them. One tiling certain — no finer stock can lie found anywheres. We guarantee our trees to be satisfactory. If not, we re- place them. You take no risk. Come to our nursery, or send for catalog. flicks |reg5 ,rich0 Isaac Hicks & Son i nmi .kr Westburu . Lon‘i Island Hardy English Walnuts My Hardy Pennsylvania Grown Trees grafted on Black Walnut Stocks are perfectly hardy and bear young and abundantly. ALSO HARDY PECAN TREES IVrite /or handsome catalogue J. I'. JONES The Nut Tree Specialist, Lancaster, I* a. EVERGREENS 70 VARIETIES 6 in. to 16 ft. Plant Now for Immediate Effect Our large business in evergreens is due to their splendid root growth, insuring successful transplanting and long life for the trees. Make your selection early as many are specially priced at wholesale rates. One customer has purchased 51,000 in 10 years. We guar- antee satisfaction. IRISH ROSES The Blue Ribbon Winners of the Rose World. 200 true-to-name varieties in 2, 3 and 4 year sizes, also Tree Roses, Climbers, Ev- erblooming, etc. Splendid lot of standard and dwarf Fruit Trees, llardy Perennials, Vines, Shrubs and Deelduous Trees. Send today for illustrated catalog, a cyclopedia of information. Special prices on large orders. ROSEDALE NURSERIES S. (i. Harris Box A, Torrytown, N. Y. Evergreen Royalty Rosebays, Kalmias, Azaleas, Hollies, Leucothoes, Carolina Hemlocks and many other royal materials for garden making are described in our new booklet of this name. The younger nurseries sometimes attain full growth by giving larger values. Sample box of twelve 6-12 inch plants by mail for $1. Larger sizes by express carefully burlapped. ROSEBAY NURSERY, Garden City, N. C. The Readers’ Service gives informa- tion about poultry Hardy English Walnut Trees Rochester Grown will succeed wherever Peach trees are safe to plant. Plant an English Walnut orchard this Spring. Make a beginning and add to it each season. We believe this is the only Northern locality where com- mercial orchards of English Walnuts may be seen, containing hundreds of trees which have been bearing more than twenty years • For the lawn or driveway, English Walnut is exquisitely beautiful with its smooth gray bark, dark green foliage, symmetrical growth. Rochester parks and streets contain many beautiful bearing trees, thriving under exactly the same conditions as the Maples and Elms and producing delicious nuts as well as shade. No matter what you may be interested in get our Catalog and Planting Guide > profusely illustrated, includes Nut Culture, Fruits , Roses , Shrubs, Evergreens , etc., FREE. GLEN BROS., Inc., Clenwood Nursery, Est. 1866, 1720 Main St.. Rochester, N- Y. Why are the largest properties being planted with groups of a hundred or more of each color of Meehans’ Mallow Marvel For the same reason that this plant creation of the century is being used the country over on smaller properties — because no other hardy plant provides such a profusion of immense bloom, in brilliant reds, soft pinks and pearly white. Plant them now. Two-year roots— will bloom plentifully this year — Pink or White — 50c. each, $4.00 for 10; $34 per hundred Red — 75c. each, $6.00 for 10; $50 per hundred Mixed Colors — 35c. each, $3.00 for 10; $25 per hundred MEEHAN*’ SUMMER CATALOG show* what liardy plant* to u*e between April 1 *t and October 1st. Tell* how to get quick result* on that new property. Thomas Meehan & Sons Box 17 Germantown, Phila. of the rows. Fight the cabbage worm and beetles with dry poison forced on and under the leaves with a spray pump. Many effective powders are advertised by seedsmen. Plant cucumbers and squash and melons each to themselves and widely separated from each other. It is generally supposed the flavor of the canteloupe is impaired by the proximity of cucumbers and squash. Sow a few radish seed in each hill. The radish leaves claim the attention of the beetle long enough to permit the melon plant to grow to a fair size, then spray constantly for blight and beetles with a weak solution of bordeaux mixture with arsenate of lead. A good formula was given in the March number of The Garden Magazine. Plant Irish Cobbler potatoes now. They should be gotten into the ground as early in the spring as possible; plant according to directions that were given in the February number of The Garden Magazine. Be vigilant in watching for beetles and spray as soon as the leaves appear. Make a hotbed for sweet potatoes and instead of manure, pack wet leaves in the bottom of bed and cover with a foot of sand. Plant seed potatoes in this, give a good sprinkling and put on the glass sash. Get plot ready for tomatoes. Draw it off like a checkerboard four feet each way. At the inter- sections place a pile of well rotted manure. Plow between these piles both ways throwing the dirt so as to form little hills. The tomato plants can be placed in the centre of the hills, but not until the fifteenth of May for fear of frost. Melon hills are made the same way but five or six feet apart. An excellent plan for raising cucumbers is to cut in two parts a good stout barrel, leaving in top and bottom. Sink the half barrel in the ground a foot, bore a row of holes near the top. Pile the soil well up on the sides, fill barrel half way with fresh cow manure and remainder with water. Keep filled with water and occasionally stir it up from bottom. Plant seed of cucumbers on all four sides of the barrel. Continue planting sweet peas and wrinkled variety of English peas. For the tall sorts have ready plenty of brush and stick on either side of rows. Grass dippings put on as a mulch at the base of the vines keeps them moist and cool. Onions sowed in frames must be set out in open ground and in the very richest soil. The hardy vegetables, radishes, peas, beets, turnips, carrots, and salsify can be sown the first of the month, but the ground should be warm for the more tender ones, such as corn, beans, cucum- bers, and canteloupes. It is quite early enough when the apple trees are in blossom. Have a rotation of crops, never plant the same vegetables in the same location two successive years. Virginia J- M Patterson. April, 1915 T HE GARDEN M A G A Z I N E 177 Easy to Operate Economical Durable A Simple Turn of the Adjustment Screw Keeps the “ W & B” Sharp W& B” Lawn Mowers are famed for their uniformly keen cutting edges, due to the excellent self-sharpening adjust- ment, which insures a sheer cut at all times. The adjustment is always in sight from above. y Easy Running TV’ Lawn Mowers have many superior points of construction. Bear- ings that carry the load equally on all wearing parts, which insures long life; superior cutting knives; extra strong driving parts, etc. Ask Your Dealer or write us for free interesting booklet telling how to select a lawn mower best suited to your needs. THE WHITMAN & BARNES MFG. CO. Established 1 854 General Offices - Akron, Ohio Factories: Chicago, Akron. O. St. Catharines, Ont. New York Office and Store, 64 Reade St.. —Canadian Office. St. Catharines, Ont — European Office. 149 Queen Victoria St.. London, E. C., Ex- port Sales Office.— A. J. Barnes, Mgr., 90 West St., New York. 1ET the example of 300,000 housewives, vegetable . growers, fruit growers, farmers, be your guide in getting a bigger quantity of better quality fruit, vegetables, flowers, this year. Write for the book that will show you why Government Experiment Stations use and recommend. Brown’s Auto Sprays — and endorse their new , thorough way of spraying. Brown’s Auto Sprays and patented nozzles work quicker, easier, give greater results with great saving of solution. Rid your fields, gardens, orchards and shrubbery of blight, disease and insects that cut down quality and quantity of yields, destroy plant life and kill trees. Make every plant, shrub and tree strong, healthy — a big producer. The Brown’s Auto Spray here pictured is a \ Brown’s Auto Spray No. 1 — 4 gal. capacity — hand power with Brown’s Patent Auto-Pop Nozzle that throws every kind of spray, from mistlike spray to powerful stream. Easy to carry it over shoulder. Needs least pumping. With one No. 1 a boy can outwork 3 men We make 40 styles of sprays — prices from . U | 50 cents to $300.00. Both hand and power i J I outfits for ail purposes. Write for complete A ”'1 catalog — and spraying guide. j Non-Clog . i Atomic Nozzle —used on large sprayers —is the greatest saver of time, labor and solution ever in- vented. Simply cannot clog. ., V Instantly adjustable from mistlike V X'% spray to strong, drenching stream 1S®Sk — actually four nozzles in one. Absolutely self-cleaning. So supe- rior that one dealer alone has sold \V ' so, over 5000 of this one style of nozzle. \ Send postal now for valuable Spray- Jf A ing Guide — and for prices. rt&gqXA The E. C. Brown Co. 850 Maple St. Rochester. N. Y. ANY- WEIGHT BALLAST ROLLER USE A ROLLER of the right weight and you will have a beautiful lawn. Light for the soft, tender spring lawn, heaviei as the season advances, the “ Anyrveight" exactly solves the lawn roller problem, giving the value of many for the price of one good appliance. Fills and empties quickly — no up- ending. Has rust-proofed acetylene welded shell— roller bearings- - adj ust- able counterpoise weights if ordered. FREE — A valuable treatise on Care of Lawns — Write today WILDER-STRONG IMPLEMENT COMPANY Box 6 Monroe, Michigan One Barrel oj" "S calecide” Trees a.s> Three Barrels me Sulfur “Scalecide” has greater invigorating effect on your orchard — kills more scale, eggs and larvae of insects with half the labor to apply. We can back up this statement with facts concerning the Good Results from Using “SCALECIDE” Send for our illustrated booklet — “Proof of The Pudding”. Tells how “Scalecide” will positively destroy San Jose and Cottony Maple Scale, Pear Psylla. Leaf Roller, etc., without injury to the trees. Write today for this FREE book and also our booklet — “Spraying Simplified.” Learn the dollars and cents value of “Scalecide, The Tree Saver.” Our Service Department can furnish everything you need for the orchard at [prices which save you money. Tell us your needs. B. G. PRATT CO. M’f’g Chemists Dept. I 50 Church Street, New York If a problem grows in your garden write to the. Readers ’ Service for assistance 178 April, 1915 THE GARDEN M A G A Z I N E IN “PENNSYLVANIA” Quality Mowers alone, will you find all the blades made of crucible tool steel, oil-hardened and water-tempered. Nothing but crucible tool steel takes and holds a first-class edge. In “PENNSYLVANIA” Quality Lawn Mowers HAND. HORSE OR POWER) every blade is a cutting blade and self-shaq^ening. This means no resharpening bill once or twice a year, and also insures an easy-running and perfect-cutting machine. The “PENNSYLVANIA” Quality Power Mower is remarkably light, reliable and efficient. Absolutely con- trolled from the guide-handles, speedy and will climb 30 to 40 per cent grades. Costs but 20 to 30 cents per day to operate. If you want a dependable high-grade mower ask your Hardware Dealer or Seedsman to show you any of the “PENNSYLVANIA” Quality line. M Qllprl T? f*p p “Scientific Lawn Making,” an instructive book, written for us by a prominent authority, gladly mailed to any- one interested, together with a catalog of “PENNSYL- VANIA” Quality Lawn Mowers. SUPPLEE- BIDDLE HARDWARE COMPANY Box 1575 PHILADELPHIA The “PENNSYLVANIA" Quality family includes the following brands: ‘Pennsylvania” ‘Great American” ‘Continental” ‘Keystone” ‘New Departure” ‘Golf” Horse and Power and others L F. J. Lew i yr. Roof moss green, sides silver gray Doubles Life of Shingles Dipping a shingle in Dexter Oil Stain doubles its life. Staining is an economy — not an expense. That brings us to the selection of color. Color is largely a matter of taste. No one can decide what color you like but yourself. Our Revolving Color Chart, made of actual, stained shingles, shows hundreds of combinations. Our book, "Symphonies in Stains,” will guide you. Both free. DexterStains For Shingles and Boards DEXTER BROTHERS CO., 145 Broad Street, Bo.ton, Ma»i. Agents Everywhere Dasheens Grown on Long Island FOR the past two years kind neighbors have advised me, from time to time, that I have given too much space in my garden to the growing of caladiums, or elephant’s ear, which, they tell me, is an ornamental plant and should not be planted and tilled as though it were a vegetable. They are some- what astonished and perplexed when I reply that they are probably referring to my dasheens which indeed I am growing for a vegetable. The dasheen is a tropical and semi-tropical vege- table belonging to the same botanical family as the calla and the elephant’s ear. It is grown ex- tensively in the West Indies, the Pacific Islands and to a limited extent in our own Southern States. In our South poorly shaped, unselected forms were formerly grown under the name of tanier. In the West Indies the plant is known as the edda, some- times as the tanier-edda and the dasheen. In the Pacific Islands it is called taro. The word dasheen is probably the French West Indian patoise for de la Chine, or da Chine — from China. Dasheens have been grown for several years in Florida and California but, so far as I know, never before with any success as far north as New York. For two years I have grown them on Long Island and have reaped a good harvest. The first year I grew the Japanese variety, and the second both the Japanese and Trinidad varieties with equal success. Both varieties have large, shield-shaped leaves exactly like the leaves of the elephant’s ear. The entire plant is of economic importance, since leaf, stem, root and even blossom are used for food in the West Indies. The West Indians gather the tender but well grown, bright green leaves, here and there from the vigorous plants, just as we select rhubarb. Two or three stems and leaves are drawn through the left hand until the leaves have almost passed through the hand. Then with a knife the leaves are cut, slice after slice, while the left hand moves back slowly along the leaves until the stems are reached. The stems are then peeled and cut across The leaves of the dasheen, an edible variety of the ele- phant’s ear family exactly as though they were rhubarb. The leaves and stems are boiled together, seasoned and served like spinach for which it may easily be mistaken. The dasheen has a growing advantage over spinach during hot weather, for the more heat the more luxuriantly it grows. The blossom is a long, slender flower, of a canary-yellow color and shaped like a calla lily. In the West Indies it, too, is prized for food, all of it, except the spadix, being used in vege- table soups. The edible, underground portion of the plant is a waxy corm well stored with starch. The central or parent corm, when it has attained size, sends out side corms. These lateral corms in time send out leaf stalks above and later side corms in their turn; so that, when harvest time comes, each vigorous hill should consist of an armful of leaves above ground and a clump of corms below ground that may attain the size of a half bushel measure. To harvest them the leaves should be cut off a few inches above Write to the Readers’ Service for information about live stock April. 1915 T H E GARDE N M A G A Z I N E 179 First-Class Garden Tools This quality trowel is made to last for years, and to give service at its best. The blade is made from highest grade crucible steel one-sixteenth of an inch thick. The blade, shank and socket are forged from one solid piece. The maple handle is fastened to « stay with a steel rivet. KBBH mm Garden Tools are right in quality always and made with infinite pains. This light garden set is fine for use by women who work in their own gardens. It is all that you could ask in garden tool goodness. Ask to have it shown to you. Send for our Garden Tool Booklet f No. I 1646 If not at your dealer’s, write us. SIMMONS HARDWARE CO. St. Louis, U. S. A. finrdpn Trowel No. ko;> with Straight Neck Price $0.7 No. K04 with Kent Neck Price $0.75 SPRAY 4 Rows or 6 Rows of POTATOES At Every Passage. Watson Potato Sprayers with two nozzles to each row force fine spray to every part of foliage. Spray as fast as horses can walk. Spray wide or narrow rows. No delays or vexatious clogging. Spray liquid stirred and strainers kept clean automatically. We also make Bucket, Barrel and Knapsack Sprayers, Gasoline Engine Orchard Rigs, etc. A Sprayer for Every Need. Ask your dealer. Send direct for catalog and valuable spraying in- formation. FIELD FORCE PUMP CO. H, Elmira, N. Y. Water A-Plenty for stock, home, fire protection, etc. — fully discussed in our book, i “Water Supply for the Country Home' It describes our 300 guaranteed, durable pumps— hand andpow- s* er — $3 to $300 — which our Service Dept, will help you select — free. Send for your free copy today. The Goulds Mfg. Co. Seneca Falls, N.Y. BRANCHES: New York Houston Chicago Atlanta Boston CAMPBELL IRRIGATION We lead the world in overhead irrigation of all kinds. Send for revised edition of our booklet “Modern Irrigation” and lit- erature describing our circular irrigation sprinklers, the Camp- bell Automatic and Campbell Turbo-Irrigator, and the new Automatic Oscillator for overhead pipes. J. P. Campbell 170 Union Terminal Building Jacksonville, Fla. The Readers’ Service gives infor- mation about live stock. 'GILSON Johnn^gn^) -thegpot ' ,1... * li — i w:n i 1-2 H. P. G A husky trouble chaser. Will pump i V2 ci o water, churn, separatecream, run grindstone c- g,ne‘ * ?5 mUCp' and do other chores. Lengthens 5,zes up to 15 M r* your days by lightening your la- $32.50 bors. Write for catalogue. ^ Sizes up to 15 H. P. GILSON MFG. CO. 93 Park St., Pt. Washington, Wis. Planet Jr. ■Hr. h \ K fSSmfg r - _ No. 25 Planet Jr. Combined Hill and Drill Seeder, Double Wheel Hoe, Cultivator and Plow A splendid combination for the family garden, onion grower, or large gardener. Is a perfect seeder, and combined double and single wheel-hoe. Unbreakable steel frame. Capacity — 2 acres a day. Planet Jr. quality tools are the most economical farm and garden tools you can buy. They pay for themselves in a single season in bigger, better crops. Built so well they last a lifetime. Designed by a practical farmer and manufacturer with over 40 years’ experience. Fully guaranteed. No. 16 Planet Jr. Single Wheel Hoe, Cultivator, Plow and Rake. The highest type of Single Wheel Hoe made. Light but strong, and can be used by man, woman or boy. Equipped with hoes, plow, culti- vating teeth and rake attachments. Will do all the cultivation in your garden in the easiest, quickest and best way. Handles are adjustable in height. Indestructible steel frame. No. 11 Planet Jr. Double Wheel Hoe, Cultivator, Plow and Rake. A single and double wheel-hoe in one. Straddles crops till 20 inches high, then works be- tween. The plows open furrows and cover them. The cultivator teeth work deep or shallow. The hoes are wonderful weed-killers. The rakes do fine cultivation and gather up trash. Unbreakable steel frame. The greatest hand cultivating tool in the world. 72-Page Catalog (168 illustrations) Free Describes 55 tools including Seeders, Wheel Hoes, Harrows Orchard- and Beet- Cultivators. IV rite postal for it. S L Allen & Co Philadelphia Pa The Readers' Service gives information about real estate 180 T H E G A R 1) E N IN I A G A Z I N E April, 1915 COLDWELL WALK TYPE MOWERS >>TAHE latest additions to theColdwell line are real labor savers for small parks and estates. All have the Coldwell patented demount- able cutters — the cutters , that make long delays im- possible. The Walk Type line is par- tially described below. MODEL Weight on Drive Roller Width of cut Capacity per hour PRICE F 1. 100 40 1 acre $475- G 600 35 3A " 325- H 500 30 'A “ 250. Write for description of the entire Coldwell line of motor, horse and hand mowers. 150 styles and sizes — all backed by the experience of the largest lawn mower company in the world. COLDWELL LAWN MOWER CO. Manufacturers of Hand, Horse and Motor Power Lawn Mowers Offices and factory at Newburgh, N. Y. Warehouses at Philadelphia & Chicago YOUR GARDEN will never be a disappointment if you plant and work it with tools like these — the operator walks upright, the seeder sows accurately in drills or hills and with the cultivator points, side hoes and plows you can do more in one hour than in a whole day the old way. Result, a much bet- ter garden and more pleasure in it. Garden Tools give you a large line to choose from. See your local dealer and ask us for book- let “Farm, Home and Market Garden- ing with Modern Tools Bateman M’f’g Co. Box 3512 Grenloch N. J. ground, the corms dug out with a garden fork, the dumps separated into convenient parts for handling and all the earth shaken off. They should then be put away to cure and dry back like onions. Heat helps to hasten this curing process. An empty hotbed or the unused bench of a greenhouse are excellent curing places in the climate of New York. Or the corms can be both cured and kept all winter under a greenhouse bench provided water is not allowed to drip on them. Any place that is warm enough to keep pumpkins and sweet potatoes will suffice for the storing place of dasheens. The corms used in my first planting were sent to me by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. They were the smallest culls or side corms. None of them was over an inch in diameter. They arrived early in .April and were potted immediately, watered and stored under the greenhouse benches to take root. By planting-out time, in May, they had attained three or four leaves about the size of swiss chard leaves Dasheens are very easily forced in this way. Not infrequently a small, fallen corm will germinate on the trodden dirt floor of the greenhouse. At a certain sanitarium dasheens are forced all winter in greenhouses for the sake of the tender, succulent, blanched leaves which make a delicate, boiled salad for the patients. By potting the corms early, a month or more was added to the growing season and The roots and several inches of leaf stalk are left to cure back into the large corms. Small corms without leaf stalks in the foreground to this additional growing month I attribute much of my success with this vegetable. The plant requires seven or eight months to reach full maturity. On Long Island killing frosts often come toward the end of October. The first year I planted about a quart of corms, perhaps thirty in number, and harvested five bushels of uncured corms, many of them the size of a rutabaga turnip. The small corms that were used for planting the first year yielded no blossoms. The second year I selected larger corms for plant- ing. Some of the largest, I was advised to divide into two plantings, cutting from crown to base. These were potted early in April. As the result of planting large corms a luxuriant leaf growth came on more quickly, while the plants blossomed from July until the end of the growing season. The pro- portion of large corms in the harvest was much greater from the planting of large corms. HOW TO CULTIVATE The dasheen, like any other heavy yielding root crop, needs rich soil and an abundance of moisture. It will thrive in low-lying soils too damp for many other garden crops. Where it is possible to use overhead or other kind of irrigation during drought, a successful growth may be assured in any garden. The plant is easy to cultivate, since its large leaves and long stems lift it from the ground so that it is not covered by hasty hoeing. Frequent cultivation brings rapid response during all stages of growth, but when the plant has attained a fair size the large leaves so thoroughly shade the ground that culti- vation for the purpose of killing weeds is not often necessary. The flavor of the dasheen is not very unlike that of the potato, especially the waxy varieties so much prized in certain European countries. Those who are fond of waxy potatoes like dasheens very much on first trial. A taste for the vegetable is one easily cultivated by most people. The starch grains of the dasheen are much smaller than those of the potato. Their small size renders them so easy to Advantages of Kelsey Health Heat IT ventilates while it heats. The air in your living room, for instance, can be completely changed every fifteen minutes. Think what it means to have a continuous day and night supply of fresh air, absolutely without draughts. Think what this absence of draughts means to the health of children playing on the floor; or to the older members of the family who now have to sleep in stuffy rooms for fear of draughts. The Humidifier automatically furnishes just the right amount of healthy moisture in the air. The Kelsey Health Heat can be installed in old or new houses, and is as easy to run as a kitchen stove. It burns less coal than other heats, and we can prove it. Just give us the opportunity. Let us send you our booklet called “Some Sav- ing Sense on Heating ” Would you like to know what the owner of the above house thinks of his Kelsey? c-T HE. KEL5LY„.,.rl Avc.°ln 1 WARM AIR GENERATOR 1 232 James Street, Syracuse, N. Y. Dealers in all Principal Cities Pergolas We have issued a Very Interesting Catalogue on AND GARDEN ACCESSORIES showing a series of new designs; can be had free on request. Catalogue “H 28” for Pergolas and Columns for Pergolas. Catalogue ”H 40” for Exterior and Interior Wood Columns. HARTMANN-SANDERS CO. Exclusive Manufacturers of Koll's Patent Lock Joint Stave Column Suitable for Pergolas, Porches, or Interior Use Main Office and Factory: ELSTON and WEBSTER AVES. CHICAGO, ILLINOIS Eastern Office: 6 E. 39th St., New York City For information about live stock write to the Readers' Service April, 1915 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 181 Send $2 for this ever lasting birdhouse Made of genuine Wheatley Pottery in] beautiful rustic effects. Imperishable, t weatherproof, cheaper in the end than wood. Attached in a jiffy; never requires further attention. Scientifically constructed to attract birds. You’ll never regret giving your feathered friends a home. Shipped on receipt of $2. Satisfaction guaranteed or your money back. Folder showing different designs sent on request. Beautiful Wheatley Bird Bath Give to your garden or lawn a touch of old Italy in this lovely piece of old ivory tint pottery. Here you have the exquisite colorings and effectsof the pottery of Florence and Rome. Weatherproof, durable. Write for Pottery Portfolio, showing scores of pieces. Order direct from Pottery or from nearest Wheatley dealer. The Wheatley Pottery 2431 Reading Road, Cincinnati, O. Orders filled direct Bird Baths No. 245A H’ght over all 42 in. Bowl24 in. wide. Price complete $20.00 Comfort You can get solid comfort from Mathews Summer Houses and Garden Decorations. First send for our free portfolio containing many beautiful plates of garden decoration. Then lay out your garden plans or let our artist offer free suggestions. Have a real outdoor living room this summer. Free Portfolio of Garden Plates Send for this portfolio today. It con- tains over 150 attractive designs of summer houses, pergolas, trellises, arbors, etc. Ask about our wonder- ful line of bird houses. The Mathews Manufacturing Co. 9th Floor, Williamson Bldg. Cleveland. 0. MORE FRUIT £5 San Jose Scale. Aphis, White Fly, etc., by spraying with GOOD'SSKFISH OIL SOAP N93 Kills all tree pests without injury to trees. Fertilizes the soil and aids healthy growth. porn Our valuable book on Tree and r I\LL Plant Diseases. Write today. JAMES GOOD, Original Maker, 931 N. Front Street, Philadelphia “RE-MOVE- ABLE” CLOTHES POSTS Made of high-carbon gal- vanized steel tubing, filled with concrete. You drop them into the sockets and can remove them in a moment. Heavy steel sockets separate from posts. No skill needed to drive them. Save Cost of Digging Holes Adjustable Hook on each post makes clothes hanging easy. Don’t disfigure your lawn with short-lived wooden posts when the indestructible “RE-MOVE-ABLE” cost less. Write for Folder A or ask your dealer. MILWAUKEE STEEL POST CO. MILWAUKEE, WIS. Note: We also make the well known ‘'Re- Move-Able” Tennis Posts and Flag Poles. SPRAYING depends upon the material used. It must be harmless to the trees and plants but deadly to the attacking insects. There is a scientific certainty about Sh ERWIN -WILLIAMS Dry Powdered Arsenate of Lead — Tuber -Tonic — Fungi -Bordo In powdered form these insecticides and fungicides save weight and prevent freezing. Simple to use — just add water and spray. They cling to the foliage, kill insects, check fungus growths and insure big yields. T ry them. ILADELPHJA. YORK SHOWROOJ GARDEN FURNITURE Send for catalogue showing a great variety of benches, chairs, tables, etc., in rustic and painted. NORTH SHORE FERNERIES CO. Beverly, Mass. New York Showroom: Craftsman Building, East 39th Street OV nowA pottery^ Y DOUBLES THE GARDENS CHARM. 3214 ourGardente Small. a Sun dial .Bird Font or Gazing Globe adds the Essential touch. while your Plants will have NewBeauty in Artistic GAU0WAY Pots.Boxes andVases. A Wealth of Suggestions for Making your Garden Attractive will he found in our Catalogue which we will mail upon 1 equest GAIS0WAY TERRA COTTA CO. WALNUT STREET, AFTSMAN BLDG., 3912 ST. EAST OF FIFTH AVE. USED FROM OCEAN TO OCEAN FOR 28 YEARS SOLD BY SEED DEALERS OF AMERICA Saves Currants, Potatoes, Cabbage, Melons, Flowers, Trees, and Shrubs from Insects. Put up in popular packages at popular prices. Write for free pamphlet on Bugs and Blights, etc., to B. HAMMOND, City of Beacon, New York TRADE MARK What a difference that would make to many a farmer’s bank balance. Well, it’s possible — and the Spramotor can bring it about We are sole makers of the world’s foremost spraying machines, the fibnunotbr It isn't a SPRAMOTOR unless we made it in many styles and sizes from $6 up. Send us particulars of your spraying needs and we will forward by return mail, absolutely Free, a copy of our valuable illustrated work on Crop Diseases, also full details of a Spramotor that will best do your work. Write to-day! Made in U. S. A. — No Duty to Pay HEARD SPRAMOTOR CO., 2332 Erie St., Buffalo, N. Y. GOOD CROPS YEAR AFTER YEAR THE G A R D E N M A G A Z I N E April. 1915 18-2 Enchanted Homes Transformed by BILLIARDS This grand old game was once the sport of royalty alone. Yet these are days when Carom or Pocket Billiards reign supreme in mansion and cottage alike. Each evening in the billiard room a §j round of gaiety ensues. Men’s cares are jj lost amid the thrilling rivalry. Here girls develop gracefulness and gj charm. And billiards keeps boys home, j quickens their wits and makes them H great, big-hearted little men! Superb Brunswick Home | Billiard Tables Real Brunswick regulation tables, modified only in size and design to harmonize with home g surroundings. The “GRAND” and “BABY GRAND” are j| cabinet masterpieces in mahogany, richly inlaid. || Other styles include Convertible models in oak or mahogany that serve as perfect Library and Dining tables when not in use for billiards. All Brunswick Home tables have Quick -acting Monarch cushions, genuine Vermont slate bed, fast imported billiard cloth — all the most scien- tific playing qualities. 20 Cents a Day Our popular purchase plan — terms as low as 20c a day — lets you pay monthly as you play. And you are privileged to try any table 20 days right in your own home. Playing Outfit Free Balls, Cues, Rack, Markers, Spirit Level, ex- pert book on “How to Play,” etc. — all included without extra cost. See these beautiful tables pictured in actual colors in our de luxe new book, “Billiards — The Home Magnet.” Valuable and interesting, sent free, postpaidl Write at once, while edition lasts. The Brunswick-Balke-Collender Co. Dept. 15D, 623-633 S. Wabash Avenue, Chicago The Stephenson System of Underground Refuse Disposal Keeps your garbage out of sight in the ground, away from the cat, dog, and typhoid fly. Opens with foot. Hands never touch. Underground Garbage^4 and Refuse Receivers A Fireproof receiver for ashes, sweepings waste in house or GARAGE. (U1U Our Underground Earth Closet means freedom from polluted water. Beware of Imitations In use / 0 yrs. It pays to look us up. Sold direct. Send for catalogue \C. II. STEPHENSON, Mfr. 40 Farrar St. Lynn, Mass. digest that the dasheen is highly prized as food for children and invalids. It was my West Indian cook who advised me to keep my largest corms for planting and to cook the smaller ones, since they are more easily “popped out. ” She cut the blunt end off a hot boiled dasheen, squeezed the corm slightly, whereupon the corm “popped out” leaving its jacket behind it. A dish of hot corms thus peeled, she salted a little more and placed in the oven only long enough to melt over the contents a generous dressing of butter. The medium sized dasheens she sometimes baked like a potato, and they were excellent. The vegetable is one easily grown in any garden; in fact, it can be grown anywhere, indeed, where it can get adequate fertility and moisture, for. like any other plant, it thrives best for the cultivator who best understands its nature and its needs. Long Island. Gertrude C. Davenport. The Best Pink, White, and Red Peonies WHAT are the best varieties of early, medium, and late peonies in pure pink, white and. red —no lilacs or mauves? — F. W. H., Virginia. There are very few peonies of one color. Most whites open more or less creamy or more or less flesh colored, and fade white in the sun. Thus the so-called white sorts merge, on one hand, into cream colored ones (when fresh) and on the other into flesh color. A combination of flesh and cream is not uncommon, and gives us some of our loveliest sorts. Then we begin on the shades of pink from the lightest flesh color into pure rose pink (the color, say, of Baroness Rothschild rose). Many of these have a tinge of lilac in the pink, but I give none in the appended list in which the slight lilac tone impairs the beauty of color. In the deeper shades of pink we come into the poorest range of color in peonies, and it is always largely represented in an old-fashioned collection; very often there is nothing else. These are the magenta pinks, the color of a Paul Neyron rose a day or two old. Such plants should always be relegated to the dump heap by any one who cares for the beauty of his garden. They should not even be given away! These bluish reds in the darker shades give us some flowers that are brilliant and desirable, such as Felix Crousse; but I have included none of them in my list below, which includes almost nothing between pure rose pink and deep crimson and garnet red, such as we have in M. Martin Cahuzac and Volcan. I have put nothing into this list that is not of the finest quality as to color, though I have left out some fine kinds in which there is more than a noticeable shade of mauve. White. Early: Grandiflora Nivea Plena, Festiva maxima, Candidissima (very fragrant). Midseason: Marie Jacquin, Duchesse de Ne- mours (Calot), Alba sulfurea, Monsieur Du- pont, Albatre, La Rosiere, Le Cygne (one of the grandest of recent sorts), Mont Blanc (Lemoine), Primevere (white and yellow when fresh), Baroness Schroeder, James Kel- way. Late: Couronne d’or, Duke of Wellington, Marie Lemoine. Pale pink and cream. Early and midseason : Carnea elegans (Calot), Docteur Bretonneau (Guerin), Jeanne d’Arc, Marie Stuart, Golden Harvest, Madame de Vatry, Philomele (pink and yellow). Pure pink. Early: Asa Gray, M. Jules Elie (rose pink), Therese. Midseason: Delicatissima (rose pink), Gloire de Charles Gombault (one of the best in a color darker than rose pink), Eugene Verdier (flesh), Triomphe de l’Exposition de Lille, James Blanc (full bright pink, almost a china pink, but a poor flower), Madame Emile Galle (beautiful pale flesh tinted mauve), Marie Crousse (salmon flesh), Mile. Leonie Calot, Venus (clear flesh), Albert Crousse. Late: Madame Loise mere (very late), Mad- ame de Galhau, Maud L. Richardson (extra late and very tall), Grandiflora (Richardson), Norfolk (Richardson). Deep red. Early and midseason: Edouard Andre, Adolphe Rousseau, M. Martin Cahuzac, Volcan, Raphael (garnet). New York A. P. Saunders. Martin House i ) 2 °? *4 ^ NX Bird Balh *172° : Bird Houses DODSON Houses Win Song Birds to Your Garden Free Book tells how to attract Bluebirds, Wrens, Martins, Flick- ers, etc., to live near you. Thous- ands of Dodson Bird Houses suc- cessful all over America. I’ve been building bird houses for 19 years. Get a Dodson Bird House and have birds this summer. Bluebird House, solid oak, cy- press roof, $5; Purple Martin House, 26 rooms and Attic, $12, with all copper roof, $15; Flicker Houses, $2.50 to $5; Chickadee or Nuthatch houses, $1.50 to S3; Bird Baths, Zinc, $7, Cement, $17. The famous Dodson Sparrow Trap catches sparrows automatically — as many as 75 a day. Price $5. Get rid of sparrows; song birds will return. All prices quoted are f. o. b. Chicago. W rite for free illustrated book about birds. JOSEPH H. DODSON 709 Security BI«lg.,Chicago,IH. Flicker House $5 os Mr. Dodson is a Director of the Illinois Audubon Society 'f 71 A Bluebird House *52? 3 SparrowTrap *5 00 100 Pleasure, Commercial, Cycle Cars at prices to suit every- body; 1906 to 1914 models, ranging in price from $100.00 to S850.00. Write us for our latest Bargain Bulletin, we will surprise you. EUREKA AUTO CO., Rebuilders, Dept. 27, Beavertown,Pa. timimiimiiiiiL- ■•1111111111111111111111111 Many styles shown 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111(11 'n new catalog. Illlliliniiiiiiiiiiiilililiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiin Write today. |MhiHMMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii Direct From Factory — We Pay Freight Brown Lawn Fence and Gate cost less than wood, last ’ longer and are more ornamental. Don't buy any until you first see our complete line and dollar-saving prices. THE BROWN FENCE & WIRE CO. Department 1)5 CLEVELAND, OHIO . imiMiiiiiiiiiiiiilmiiiiimiiljij v1 Cheap as Wood ™ed direct, shipping to users only at manufacturers’ prices. JVrite for free catalog UP-TO-DATE MFG. CO., 994 10th St., Terre Haute, Ind. Portable Fire Proof Garage Patented Oct. 14, 1913. Jan. 6, 1914. Write for catalog and full information to THE TAYLOR MANUFACTURING CO. Montclair, N. J« SUNDIALS Real Bronze Colonial Designs From $5.00 Up Also full line of Bird Fountains and other garden requisites. Manufactured by The M. D. JONES CO. 71 Portland St. Boston, Mass, Send for illustrated Price-List. Get this Bird Hours e We will send this attractive Bird House post paid for $4.50. It’s just one of our extensive line of attractive and practical designs. All illustrated in our free port- folio. Write today. THE MATHEWS MANUFACTURING CO. 940 Williamjon Bldg., Cleveland, 0. See Free Portfolio The Readers ’ Service will give information about the latest automobile accessories T II E GARDE N M A G A Z I N E 183 April, 1915 RIPE TOMATOES Earlier Than Y ou Ever Had Them Before No danger from frost, cold winds or late springs. The Glass-Covered Ball Seed and Plant Forcer Enables you to set out your tomato plants in the open garden a month earlier. The same thing can be done with all kinds of seeds and plants. We have a special Forcer for Cantaloupe Growers that is a gold mine to the man who grows for the early market. Cheap enough to use ’em by the thousand. Cucumbers Melons and anv kind of vegetables can be matured two to three weeks earlier than by any other method. Take the hint — it’s the early crops that bring in the money. Send for my big 40 page catalog beautifully illustrated with pictures and letters from the lead- ing Agricultural Experiment Stations as well as customers who have tested and proved beyond a doubt that there is a new era in store for the gar- dener who realizes the importance of being first fiddler on the early market. Write now; delay means lost opportunity. Costs you nothing but one cent on a postal card and it may mean the differ- erence between loss and profit this coming season. THE BALL MFG. CO., Dept. E, Glenside, Pa. Expert Service in Country Life Problems Landscape Designs for large and small estates in town or country; orchard development and care; planting and care of shade trees and forests; thorough treatment against insects and tree diseases; farm engineering and agricultural blasting. Trained experts with years of practical experience at your service in solving the spring problems of every land owner. For prompt k attention write nearest office. THE NEW ENGLAND EXPERTS ASSOCIATED *246 Centre St., 721 Main Street, Brookfield Center, Auburndale, Mnss. Hartford, Conn. Conn. Success Awaits You In Your Garden If You Use Continuous Seed and Plant Forcers No Gardener Can Afford To Be Without Them This ingenious device — which is very inexpen- sive, is a Sun Catcher and not a Sun Shader. It is comprised of nothing but glass and wire. They cause your garden to grow more quickly in spite of frosts, cold winds, and heavy rains; in- sures you flowers and vegetables weeks ahead of your neighbors. Splendid For Forcing Early Strawberries Write for our interesting booklet on “Intensive Cultivation.” THE CLOCHE COMPANY 131 Hudson Street New York TOWN- SEND’S TRIPLEX LAWN MOWER (PATENT PENDING) The Greatest Grass- Cutter on Earth, Cuts a Swath 86 inches wide Drawn by one horse and operated by one man, the Triplex Mower will mow more lawn in a day than the best motor mower ever made, and cut it better and at a fraction of the cost. Drawn bv one horse and operated by one man, it will mow more lawn in a day than any three other horse drawn mowers with three horses and three men. (We guar- antee this.) Floats over the uneven ground as a ship rides the waves. One mower may be climb- ing a knoll, a second skimming the level and a third paring a hollow. Does not smash the grass to earth and plaster it in the mud in springtime, neither does it crush the life out of the grass between hot rollers and hard, hot ground in summer, as does the motor mower. Write for catalogue illustrating all types of lawn mowers until list of users (Free). S. P. TOWNSEND & COMPANY 23 Central Avenue Orange, New Jersey BONORA FOR FLOWERS AND VEGETABLES With your seed order, include Bonora, the greatest fertilizer in the world. Results are wonderful. Will make flowers and \ egetables grow and bloom as if in the tropics, mature much earlier, and in abundance. If you have not used it, write for de- scriptive circular. Marvelous results. T HOUSANDS USE IT. THOUSANDS ENDORSE IT. Luther Burbank, John Lewis Childs. Dingee and Conard say it is wonderful. Ask your dealer for it or order direct. Put up in dry form: 12 oz. enough to make 21 gal . postpaid 50c 1 lb. 28 “ “ 75c 5 lbs. “ “ “ 140 “ “ 3 °° 10 lbs. “ “ “ 280“ “ 5.50 50 lbs. by freight 22.50 100 lbs, by freight 40.00 Bonora Chemical Company 518*517 Broadway, New York IOO lb. PUMPKINS Guaranteed to Grow FROM OUR SEEDS That will be Prize Winners at Your County Fair IO Cents a Dozen PUMPKIN SEED FARMS FALL RIVER, MASS. Rose Arches Seven ft- high and four ft- wide. Extra Heavy Rust Proof $10.00 each Painted $7.50 each Also Half Arches for Porch Trellis All sizes and shapes made to order A. T."BR00K Maker and Builder Fence, Tennis Courts, Dog and Chicken Runs, Tennis Net Posts, etc. 37 Barclay Street New York Write for circular The most serviceable, satisfactory, and economical cart for you, is one that is built for the particular work you have to do — we make them all — for lawn, farm, garden and orchard — for carrying boxes, barrels, crates, milk cans, leaves, feed, ensilage, and all kinds of garden truck and farm produce. If the work is general, and you wish a cart to use about the home grounds or farm, make your selection with this in mind. We will gladly suggest the cart best suited to the work, if you tell us for what purpose. Space will not permit of full description of the 75 or more sizes and styles we offer, but our CATALOG IS FREE — Write for it to-day. Ask your dealer to show you TRIUMPH CARTS. If he does not carry them, send us his name and we’ll ship you direct. Swartwout Mfg. Co., 75 Meadow St., Clinton, N.Y. T II E C, A R I ) E N M A G A / I N E April. 1 9 1 .5 18 + SUGGESTIONS FOK. Cond'uctecT ■ EFFIE M . FUOBINSO'N THE HOME TABLE Graduate of tKe ](&ncn.af~ frairuny Scftoof , -London , City land'? Pastry Making 1HAVE recently been giving a young housewife a few lessons on pastry making, and it occurred to me that there may be others who would be glad of a few hints to help out the usually vague instructions that are given in an ordinary recipe book. Pastry can be used either for savory pies for the meat course, thereby making a welcome change from joints or stews, or as a dessert, with fruits, custards, and pre- serves as fillings. Deep dish pies, or tarts as the English call them, have no under crust; the fruit is put first into a deep dish and a covering of pastry put over. The under crust in a double pie is indigestible unless it is properly cooked. A perforated tin helps to make the crust digestible by complete cooking. Bottled or canned fruit is quite as good as fresh fruit for pies, and canned pineapple I think is far superior to the fresh. Canned goods may seem rather high priced, but a great deal depends upon the store you go to. It is not a good plan to run a bill at one certain store and feel obliged to deal at that store only. Take your money in your pocketbook and you can buy from store to store as you see things that suit you, and save many a penny by shopping that way. Pastry is generally divided into three kinds: short, in which the entire amount of shortening is rubbed into the flour with the tips of the fingers or chopped in with a knife; flaky, part of the fat being rubbed in and part rolled and folded in; and puff, where all the fat is rolled and folded in. There is also suet pastry for boiled puddings and for plain meat pies. The shorten- ing here is beef suet very finely chopped and rolled into the flour. The object in all kinds of pastry is to properly mix the fat with the flour. How to Start Baking Everything you use for pastry should be cold. Wash your mixing bowl first in hot water and then in cold, also your hands, and use a steel knife in mixing. The best sort of board is a slab of marble; perhaps you can get a large enough piece at a second hand store. Next comes glass and after that the ordinary, much used hardwood board. The object is to get a smooth cold surface. I have sometimes used the plain zinc tub tops thoroughly scrubbed and find them very satis- factory. Glass or wood rolling pins are used and those with removable ends are easy to handle. After you have laid out all your utensils, look to your oven. I have a treasure — a little two-shelf oven that fits over one burner on the top of the gas range. There are several patterns, some fitted with glass doors, which I would like to have. Mine, however, is an immense convenience. The range oven has a great many burners which you are obliged to light, even if you do not want the full heat, and that heats the kitchen. In hot weather I use the top oven continually, and keep cool; I can cook in it practically everything for a small family, even a small joint or chicken. For baked beans or casserole cookery it is unsurpassed, for it can be put over the simmering burner and left for hours without fear of the contents burning. If you are using a coal range, make up the fire an hour or so before you need the oven, in order to have a bright clear fire. Pull out the damper over the oven. For a gas range, light the oven burners ten minutes before you wish to bake. Then test the heat by brown- ing a teaspoonful of flour in a pan, on the top shelf. The flour should brown in about one minute. This is called a quick, or hot, oven, which is required for pastry in order that the air cells burst and the pastry be light. The Ingredients The ingredients required for pastry are flour, fat of some sort, baking powder, salt, and water. Flour should be perfectly dry. Choose a brand that will absorb the least water. There are several good brands of flour called pastry or cake flour, and I would suggest that you try each kind, until you get one that suits your special style of pastry making and then keep to it. I used to think, with many others, that good pastry could not possibly be made with any shortening but butter. Now since I have been testing the various vegetable fats I find that a tender, fine textured, rich crust can be made with either of the shortenings I have mentioned in my recent suggestions. There is really no necessity to pay a high price for butter for cooking purposes any more. Pastry and cakes made with vegetable fats are lighter in texture, far more digestible, and will keep better and longer, than if made with butter. Not only are they cheaper by the pound but about one fifth less is used in proportion to the flour, thereby making it more economical. As to Sawtay, the nut butter I mentioned last month, it is a wonder! In the instructions as to its use there are these words: “You can positively fry fish, then onions, in Sawtay; then strain it and make the most delicate pastry with the same fat.” I doubted that statement; I was really afraid to try it. But, having actually tested it myself, I can positively say that it acts exactly as stated. I fried filleted flounder in it first; I simply covered the fish with flour, as I thought if I masked it with egg and bread crumbs it might not be a fair test. Then I strained the fat through an ordinary strainer, reheated it, and fried a sliced onion in it. I did not parboil the onion to extract the juice, just fried it as it was. I then strained the fat, put it aside to cool and harden. Then I beat it to a cream, with a knife, adding a little salt as it contains none. This I made into pastry as usual and baked in patty pans, making little jam tartlets which I served to my family, quite expecting some one to complain that 1 had used an oniony knife. Every one congratulated me on the fine short pastry I had made. There was not a trace of fish or onion in the fat. This will be an excellent “discovery” for boarding houses or hotels where large quantities of fat are used. Crisco does not claim quite as much for itself as Sawtay, though I have fried potatoes, fish, onions, doughnuts and croutons all in the same deep pan of Crisco, without any flavor being imparted from one food to another. Baking powder is added to the plainer kinds of pastry, and for any one who is not clever at the work it is a good plan to use a little. Salt gives a zest and must always be used to bring out the flavor of the other ingredients and prevent insipid crust. Don’t use enough to taste. The Method of Mixing When all your utensils and ingredients are ready you can start. Rub the flour, with the baking powder and salt, through a sieve into your bowl; this gets all the lumps out and passes air through it. Now, rub the 0 Continued on Page 186) Food economy now, more than ever, demands the purchase and use of those food articles of known high quality and absolute purity and healthfulness. ROYAL Is a Pure, Cream of Tartar BAKING POWDER Contains No Alum Perfectly leavens and makes the food more delicious and wholesome. “The Greatest of All Cook Books ” — N. Y. Everting Telegram The ss International ’ Cook Book ^ 1 FiliPPini By Alexander Filippini A collection of the world’s best recipes arranged in diary form with a complete menu for every meal in the year. A cook book for moderate purses and the average housewife. 3300 Recipes Net $1.00 Complete Index Garden City DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO. New York All foods advertised in this department have been tested and approved by Effie M . Robinson. They are also sold and recommended by the Doubleday, Page & Co. Cooperative Store April, 1915 THE G A II 1) E N M A G AZIN E 185 Modern Sleeping Porch fitted with Wilson’s Blinds Practically makes an Outdoor room of the ordi- nary porch ; a room at night, a piazza by day. WILSON’S VENETIANS for outside and inside of town and country houses; very durable, convenient and artistic. Special Outside Venetians most practical and useful form of Venetian yet devised for porches and windows; excludes the sun, ad- mits the breeze; keeps out the rain. For Illustrated Booklet specify “Venetian 4’’ Orders should be placed now for spring or summer delivery. The J. G. Wilson Corporation 1 8 West S£ 9th St. New York After May lat 8 West 40th St.,N.Y. Also Inside Venetians; Hollins: Partition*, Rolling Steel Shutters, Burglar and Fire- proof Steel Curtains, Wood Block Floors. SOMETHING FOR EVERY BlIEDINO FENCES The Dependable Kinds BY dependable, we mean dependable in every way, such as design, mater- ials, workmanship, endurance — and not the least — price. Then after that, you can depend on our doing exactly what we say we will do; and doing it just when we said we would do it. Send for catalog and prices. 0WTERPRISE Iroin Works 2445 Yandes St., Indianapolis Ind. ■ffo-oootnrOTPuooreo Over 10,000 Sold the Past Season The only cultivator upon the market that you can set any depth you wish to stir the soil. You can cultivate between the ..row or astride the row. Runs 30 per ^cent easier and does much better work than any other cultivator upon the market. See your local dealer, or „ write us for special price and catalogue, testimonials. The Schaible Mfg. Co. Dept. H Elyria Ohio ENTRANCE-DOOR GRILLES CUBSTANTIAL in appearance, ^ beautiful in design — Mott’s orna- mental iron grilles and lamps are appropriate for the entrance doors of both country and town houses. Our catalogs, gladly sent on re- quest, are full of suggestions for everything in ornamental metal. We issue separate catalogs of Dis- play Fountains, Drinking Fountains, Bird Fountains, Electroliers, Vases, Grilles and Gateways, Settees and Chairs, Statuary, Aquariums, Tree Guards, Sanitary Fittings for stable and cow barns. Address Ornamental Dept. THE 1. L. MOTT IRON WORKS Established 1828 Fifth Ave. & 17th St., New York Gro-big Garden Trellises Portable — Everlasting — Inexpensive MADE in four kinds, to fit every possible use where a port- able support or trellis is needed for flowers, vegetables or vines. One kind solves forever the staking up problem of tomatoes, roses, golden glow and the like. For beans and vines there is another kind. For sweet peas, or plants and vines of a heavier nature, we have both a portable wire, and a slat trellis. All the angle iron uprights, and the wire are heavily galvanized, and will not rust. Can be easily and quickly put up or taken down. Loops on the tomato trellis, shown at left, are adjustable in both size and height. Wire netting on the one at right, is secured to angle iron upright by simple, quick-working hinders. Absolutely nothing to get out of order. Pack away in small space. Last a lifetime. Not expensive. Send for prices and circular. The Powell Specialty Co. 31 Clinton Street Newark, N. J. R SfebTlfiKTCYCLONE ORNAMENTAL FENCE THE man who takes pride in the appearance of his home will find lasting satisfaction in surrounding it with Cyclone- Waukegan Sanitary Fence. Substantial improvement in sanitary conditions follows wherever Cvclone-Waukegan Fence is put up, because it tends to turn mud holes into flower beds and discourages accumulations of rubbish. It affords an unobstructed view of the premises, a clear sweep for sunshine and fresh air at the fence line — no moisture, no decay. Reduces the fire risk. We build Cyclone-Waukegan Fence in various designs to suit your taste, with gates to match. It costs little, and constitutes a permanent repair-proof improvement, being built of heavy galvanized wire, firmly knotted^ Our engineering department will solve your fence problem. No charge for consultation service and estimates. Write us for Free Illustrated Catalog, showing different designs. CYCLONE FENCE CO., Dept. 104, Waukegan, 111. T HE GARDEN M A G AZIN E April, 1915 18(i if A Happy Solution For Your Fertilizer Problem 75 Sq. Feet Enriched For 25 Cents A FTER years of experimenting, testing and proving, we now have a highly satisfactory fertilizing mixture that will give both immediate and long sustained plant foods to the soil. It is called the Devlin Formula. Lawns It thickens lawn sod and increases top growth. Flowers It will increase the number of flowers and lengthen their blooming period. Vegetables It hastens the maturity of vegetables and multi- plies their yield. 1 x lb. $ .25 5 lbs. .50 10 lbs. .75 25 lbs. i.s° 50 lbs. 2.50 100 lbs. 4.50 exceed 104 Pearl St. New York Pulverized Sheep Manure Best for Lawns and Gardens . Nature’s own plant food for all crops. Especially good for lawns, gardens, etc., where quick and cer- tain results are neces- sary. Used exten- sively for small fruits, shrubbery, etc. Rich in nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash; also adds humus. Our Sheep’s Head Brand is Guaranteed Clean Nothing But Sheep Manure Free from weed seeds, which are killed by heat. Dried and pulverized for easy application. Send for information and prices, de- livered, on any quantity desired. Natural Guano Co. 803 River St. Aurora, 111. Suggestions for the Home Table (Continued from page 184) fat into the flour with the tips of the fingers — for short pastry all of it, for flaky pastry one third of it. Let it fall through your hands into the bowl continually and rub it until the mixture looks like fine bread crumbs. If your hands are naturally moist and hot, and in very hot weather, cut the fat into the flour with a knife. If you try to rub it in you will soon have a greasy, unmanageable mass that would never make a light crust. Don’t add all the water at once. Some flour absorbs more than others and although the proportion, as nearly as possible, is one cup of water to two of flour, you may find your pastry far too wet to roll if you put in all the water at once. The dough should be dry enough to leave the bowl perfectly clean and dry when the flour is mixed in. Flour your board and rolling pin very slightly' and don’t let your pastry stick — let it slip on the board. Roll always from you; start on the edge of the pastry at the end nearest to you and roll in light, short strokes from you to the other end. Never roll back and forth as that breaks the air cells and the pastry will be heavy. Light pastry is full of little bubbles of air. Short pastry only requires to be rolled once before it is used as the fat is already thoroughly mixed with the flour. Flaky and puff pastry require many rollings. Fold the paste in three after each rolling and set it in a cold place to harden a little between each two rolls. After cooling turn the paste so that a different edge is toward you each time; this makes the distribution of fat more even. All cookery books give recipes for the different kinds of pastryq and the quantities of the ingredients re- quired, and my idea is simply to give certain hints to be used in conjunction with these recipes. For in- stance, in making flaky' or puff pastry remember that the folding you do is to make layers or flakes and you want to make y'our pastry rise in flakes. Flaky' pastry' properly' made and cut one cjuarter of an inch thick ought to rise to a height of two inches. Mix y'our paste exactly' as moist as the fat you are going to add to it. Also add as little flour as possible, when rolling. Your recipe calls for a certain proportion and you can see at once that if you keep on adding more and more you will have too much flour and your pastry' will be tough. Try keeping out about two tablespoonsful from your recipe to add when rolling. A great deal depends on the oven. Put flaky or puff pastry in a very hot oven on the bottom shelf at first, so that the pastry' will rise to its full height before it sets on the top. Gently cover the top with paper to prevent it from browning too soon. If you take pastry into a cold room to cool it will become heavy, as the steam con- denses and goes back into the pastry'. Suggestions for Savory Pies Have you ever treated your family to a steak and kidney pie? Or one made with veal and ham, or chicken or rabbit? All these simple pies are savory and make a nice change from roast, steak, or chops. Another advantage is that you can use the cheaper cuts of meat. Round steak can be used for steak pie and for one pound take two lamb’s kidneys, cut them up fine and mix with the pieces of steak. Mushrooms are sometimes used instead of kidney. About two dozen oysters can be used to a pound of steak to vary' the flavor. For a plain family' dinner suet crust can be used, or either kind as you prefer. Veal and ham pie with hard boiled eggs, using puff or flaky pastry' for the crust, makes a more fancy dish and served cold is an excellent cold luncheon or supper dish. A’ou can make it into small individual cases if you like instead of one large one. Decorating Pastry For glazing meat pies the yolk of an egg, well beaten with a tablespoonful of water, is put on with a pastry brush. For sweet pies and tarts glaze with one tea- spoonful of sugar dissolved in twoof water, brushed over. Savory pies are usually decorated with flowers, leaves, and odd shapes. To make pastry leaves roll the odd bits out quite thin, cut with a sharp knife into diamond shapes, and with the back of a knife make one line down the centre and two or three each side for the veins, pinch one end for the stalk. For a rose roll a strip one inch by six and roll it up, take it up in your hand pinch one end, cut the top across each way and turn the ends down for petals. All pastry must have holes to let the steam escape. Sweet pies are left plain. Is Your Refrigerator Poisoning Your Food? A leading medical authority says: "A poor refrigerator means not only wasted ice but often wasted lives from spoiled food." Read what physicians and others say about won- derful ice-saving and health protection the Monroe affords. Housekeeping Institute SKMonroe Established 1868 The Monroe food compartments are Genuine Solid Porcelain ware — in one piece — over an inch thick — every corner rounded. Not cheap porcelain-enoinel on metal base — but one piece of white unbreakable porcelain ware which can be easily kept free of germs — no cracks, joints, or corners — nothing to break or chip. 30 Days Trial — Cash or Credit Sold direct from factory at factory price. Freight paid and all money back if not absolutely satisfactory. Monroe Refrigerator Co. (Established 1868) " Using about one third the ice the others did." T. G. Mackie, New Orleans. “ Cut ice bills from $36 to 5S." T. W. Wil- liams, Milwaukee. "Reduced ice bills nearly 40 per cent." Dr. B. H. Wells, Southport, Conn. " Much more economi- cal than any other of several I have had." Dr.O. B. Shreve, Salem, Mass. " Saved about 50 lbs. of ice per day over another make of same size.” W. M. Rieke, Paducah, Ky. “ An ice saver, a germ preventor, hence a health preserver to any family.” Dr. Chas. Hupe, Lafayette, Indi- ana. “ Economical in use of ice, and preserving in best manner articles placed in it.” Dr. R. E. Starkweather, Evanston, Ills. once for about refrigerators It tells you how to select the home refrigerator — how to keep food longer without spoiling — how to cut down ice bills — how to guard against sickness — doctor’s bills. Sta. 14C, Lockland, 0- Write for folder _ ciwn Jvrfectio 'NGLISH lawns are world- j famous, owing to the va- rieties of seed used. We import the best of each season’s crop. Despite the limited imports, we offer our choice English mixtures suitable for our climate at usual prices. These mixtures have never been surpassed. Trial pound, 40 cents, prepaid; 5-pound bag, $1.25, f. o. b. Waukegan. BLATCHFORD CALF MEAL FACTORY Established at Leicester, England , in 1800 Department 3 Waukegan Illinois The Colorado Silver Fir an evergreen of beautiful color and symmetri- cal form. Branches sweep downward in grace- ful curves, and are covered to the tip with fine needles, giving the whole tree a silvery sheen. One of the very finest evergreens for general planting. It will be perfectly safe to move the trees from our nurseries during the next two months. Other splendid evergreens, shade trees, perennial plants, vines and Roses are de- scribed in our Book of Trees which will be sent free to all who desire it. X' *’ . . .* --T ifir* i ’ •. .Jh- Cherry Hill Nurseries T, C. Thurlow’s Sons Inc. Established 1832 Box 56, West Newbury, Mass. RSSBsiMl.KiaiLl- The latest books on travel and biography may be obtained through the Readers’ Service April, 1915 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 187 An Unsolicited Letter “It is no more than just that I should tell you of the value your Almanac has been to me. The title does not do it justice; it is more than an al- manac; it is a text book edited to appeal to any one whether he be fond of study or not. It is a volume that should be bound in leather and on every gardener’s, farmer’s, stock- man’s and suburban resident’s shelf. It is the biggest twenty-five cents worth I ever purchased. It is worth four times the money and I would not be without it even at that price.” — W. C. W., Ohio The Garden and Farm Almanac is on sale at all newsstands or by mail postpaid for 35 cents Doubleday, Page & Company Garden City NewYork Modern Strawberry Growing By ALBERT E. WILKINSON Professor of Horticulture and in charge of extension wor\, Cornell University The Only Strawberry Manual in Twenty-five Years MODERN METHODS OF GROWING MODERN METHODS OF PACKING MODERN METHODS OF SELLING now put within the reach of all in this book by a man who com- bines practical experience in growing strawberries, with a careful study of their peculiarities and the conditions of their growth in all parts of the country, with special attention to home cultiva- tion for the small grower. Illustrated by a remarkable collection of photographs, showing all details of strawberry culture. 200 Pages $1.10 Net 34 Illustrations This is the latest volume of the Garden Library, complete in thirteen volumes, each of which is sold separately. Further particulars as to this set may be had on application. DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY GARDEN CITY NEW YORK Going To Have A Garden? If you bought this copy of The Garden Magazine you are not one of its regular readers. But you should have The Garden Magazine each month if you garden for pleasure, profit or attractiveness. Accept This Service Offer We will send you the next nine issues of the Garden Magazine from May to December inclusive for One Dollar A small amount to pay for having the most expert gardeners in the country direct your gardening this year. Send This Coupon Just clip this coupon and write / your name and address on it, and / j send it in with a dollar bill. /enclose / One / Dollar for Doubleday , / Nine Issues Page & Co . / The Qarden / dMlagazine. Garden City / New York / Name / flddress 188 T PI E G A R 1) E N MAGAZINE April, 1915 The Wonderful New Orchid Gladiolus You would like to grow something new, something entirely different, then send ioc in stamps and let me send you pre- paid a fine bulb of one of these beautiful varieties. KUNDERDI TYPE For 50c I will send three fine ruffled varieties, correctly labeled, and a bulb of the variety here illustrated. You ought to read our beautifully illustrated catalogue of 20 pages which gives a history of these marvelous “new creations.” It contains a large and extra select collection of all new, (all our own) productions in both ruffled and plain petaled types. "Mrs. Frank Pendleton" (perhaps the Premier of all glad- iolus in the world to-day) is one of our productions "Red Amaryllis,” awarded First Prize for “best red” at the Amer- ican Gladiolus Society’s convention in Boston last August. "Myrtle’’ “the most beautiful pink yet produced in a Gladi- olus,” awarded The Massachusetts Horticultural Society’s Silver Medal. You will enjoy reading our catalogue Describing these altogether different, altogether new forms and races of beautiful gladiolus. It also contains newest and best cultural and storage notes, etc. Send for it, send for it now A. E. KUNDERD, Originator Goshen Indiana Photography, Good Sport but the results are not always satisfactory. Ask practical help from the photo-man with THE READERS' SERVICE A WHOLE FLOWER GARDEN lor the price of a couple of dozen blooms Fine Named Varieties 20 AMERICA . . Waxy Pink 20 AUGUSTA . . Clear White 20 Mrs. KING . . . Scarlet 20 KLONDYKE . . Yellow 20 PR IN CEPS . Large Crimson 100 Good Strong Bulbs All for $1.85 Guaranteed to please or your money back ASTERDALE GARDENS, Youngstown, Ohio Meetings and Exhibitions in April 2. Pasadena, Calif., Horticultural Society: meeting. 3. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, N. V.: lecture. 5. New Bedford, Mass. Horticultural Society: meeting. 9. Connecticut Horticultural Society, Hartford, Conn.: meet- ing. 10. Dobbs Ferry, N. Y., Horticultural Society: meeting. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, N. Y. : lecture. 12. New York Florists’ Club, New York City: meeting. Rochester Florists’ Association: meeting. 13. State Florists’ Association of Indiana, Portland, Ind.: meet- ing. 14. Nassau County Horticultural Society, Glen Cove, L. I.: meeting. Shedowa Garden Club, Garden City, L. I.: illustrated lecture. 15. Essex Co., N. J., Florists’ Club, Newark, N. J.: meeting. 16. Pasadena. Calif., Horticultural Society: meeting. 17. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, N. Y.: lecture. 21. Tarrytown Horticultural Society: meeting. 23. Connecticut Horticultural Society, Hartford, Conn.: meet- ing. 24. Dobbs Ferry, N. Y., Horticultural Society: meeting. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park. N. Y,: lecture. Secretaries are invited to forward dates of forthcoming meetings Garden Clubs in the United States 1. Their Development and Grouping THE spread and development of garden clubs in the United States, within the past few years, has been so rapid on the one hand, and so varied on the other, that the time seems ripe for setting forth the aims and methods of some of these organizations, both for the assistance of those who are planning new clubs, and in answer to those critics who say “How frivolous! Can’t you find a useful activity, or something more serious than gardens?” Without a doubt, one might do so. One might even do without a flower garden entirely — many do. But such a course adds but little to the beauty of the countryside, and less to the lightheartedness of this too solemn world. Hence, the garden clubs, which in greater or less degree stand for civic beautification, children’s and cottage gardens, and the universally recognized “friendly garden spirit,” become, after all factors with which to reckon in the life of a community. The neighborhood of Philadelphia, with its beautiful suburbs, and ideal garden climate, was a logical start- ing point for a garden club movement, and in 1904 the Garden Club of Philadelphia was founded by a number of enthusiastic garden lovers, and, together with the two younger Philadelphia clubs formed at about the same time, stands as the pioneer club in this country. Its charter was granted in 1908, and it was not until a year or two later that other clubs began to spring up here and there — the Lenox, Ann Arbor, and New Rochelle clubs in 1910; the Illinois and Shedowa clubs in 1911 — and it is only within the past two years that the movement has become general. In the abstract, all these clubs would appear to have identical aims, “ the improvement of home gardens; pre- servation of wild flowers; civic planting; exchange of experiences; a color standard,” etc., but when one begins to investigate, one finds such different methods, and such differing ideals, that the groups into which they fall are worth study and comparison. At first, the social element prevailed, and although it was necessary that one should “ take a personal interest” in one’s garden, yet the clubs were small, and not as practical as some of the newer ones. As a matter of course, any club must retain the right to reject a really undesirable candidate, but “desirable” is an elastic term, and some of these newer clubs, in organizing, began to resent the social distinctions implied by membership limited in number; some began to demand more practi- cal qualifications for membership; some communities desired organizations for civic improvement; and in others, the women were able to plan for the expenditure of much money for books, speakers, research, importa- tion of plants, etc. It is a self-evident fact that a club in a large and wealthy summer colony can, and will, be run very dif- ferently from a club in a small country village, as a mat- ter of degree, if nothing else. Owners of large estates have to contend with problems which differ greatly from those confronting the owner of a hundred-foot lot, and they have also very different means with which to work. The club whose members have huge and varied gardens, greenhouses, and corps of trained gardeners, must of necessity be managed differently from the club whose members “garden by means of a Pole,” or do their own digging. Hence the difficulty of a really useful federa- tion; the social element is much too apt to crop out, for it is a far cry from the garden club de luxe, to the club whose members pay no dues, and the qualification for membership in which, is that the candidate must be more than fifteen years old, and must “raise some flowers on a plot not smaller than three by five feet”! Nevertheless, since all roads lead home, each and every kind of garden club has its place and its use, and it is the aim of these short articles to set forth the differ- ent methods of procedure, so that he who runs may read, and she who wishes to “start a garden club,” may select and adopt for the good of her community, such points as are best adapted to its use. The clubs may be roughly grouped as follows: 1. The purely social. 2. The active semi-social. (This is by far the largest group, and must be sub-divided into the more and the less wealthy classes.) 3. The democratic, working club, into which the social element enters only as it shows itself in a spirit of fellowship, and in meeting for mutual help and pleasure. These clubs are limited in membership, usually ad- mitting not more than twenty-five members, and cau- tious in their selection of candidates. As a rule, they have few speakers, and those often amateurs, or else lecturers with fine lantern slides of gardens. Their dues are usually higher than those of the other groups. In some cases, members write and read original papers; in others, magazine articles, etc., are brought and read. The poetic and sentimental side of gardening is perhaps more fully considered than in the other groups. In many individual cases, good practical observation is done by members, and the results announced at meetings, but in the main, a group of congenial, garden-loving, old friends meet with little or no formality, for “garden gossip,” garden observation, and tea. In some cases prizes are offered, and a certain amount of coopera- tion attempted, in connection with local professional horticultural societies. Many of these clubs do not care to communicate, to any great extent, with other organizations, but prefer to be purely local in their in- terests and activities. In other words, while wholly pleasant, and wholly within their rights, they are not, as individuals or as organizations, “good mixers,” and it is rather to the other groups that we must look tor any widespread activity and advancement, until the members of this first group awake to their civic respon- sibilities. Garden City, L. I. Mary Youngs. The Fourth National Flower Show THE National Flower Show Committee has issued a preliminary plant schedule for the Fourth Na- tional Flower Show, which will be held in Philadelphia, March 25th to April 2nd, 1916. This event is under the direction of the Society of American Florists. Copies may be obtained on application to Mr. John Young, Secretary, 53 West 28th Street, New York. The National Flower Show Committee invites sug- gestions and recommendations for the improvement of the schedule, which will be given careful consideration before the final issue. As the schedule now stands, in- ducements are made for the exhibition of many plants not usually seen in the exhibition halls. Special sec- tions cover orchids, bulbs, and hard wooded flowering plants generally. A gold medal is offered for a hybrid orchid raised in America. The exhibition will take place in Convention Hall, Broad Street and Alleghany Avenue. Fifteen thousand dollars is offered in pre- miums. This is the first visit of the National Flower Show Committee to Philadelphia. Three years will have elapsed since the preceding National Show, which was held in New York City in 1913. The Readers' Service is prepared to advise parents in regard to schools April, 1915 T H E G A R 1) E N M A G A Z 1 N E 189 Gladioli A Great Bargain in Finest Quality Bulbs I have secured an option upon a large quantity of the following choice varieties, which I can sup- ply, while they last, at the prices quoted. 100 1000 AMERICA, finest pink; large flowers $1*25 $10.00 AUGUSTA, pure white; large flowers 1.50 12 BARON HU LOT. beautiful rich blue 2.00 17 BRENCH LEY LNSIS, brilliant vermilion-scarlet 1.25 10 HALLEY, bright salmon-pink; very popular 2.00 17 HOLLANDIA, rich salmon-orange; beautiful 2.00 17 MRS. FRANCIS KING, flamingo-scarlet; large 2.00 17 NIAGARA, soft primrose-yellow, large and beautiful . . . 5.00 40 PINK BEAUTY, peach blow pink; early 1.00 10 PRINCEPS, rich crimson-scarlet; large and brilliant. .. . 2.50 20 TEN EACH OF THE ABOVE (regular price $5) 100 bulbs, 2 Dollars These bulbs were grown under contract by a prominent Holland grower for the French, German and Russian trade. The contracts were broken on account of the war, and the grower is compelled to sell at a great sacrifice. I will guarantee that they are of the same FINE QUALITY as the goods I reg- ularly deliver to my customers. They are packed in lots of 100, and not less than 100 bulbs will be sold to a cus- tomer at these prices. This is the great- est bargain ever offered in Gladioli Bulbs, and the entire allotment will be quickly taken. Compare these prices with any catalog and send your order with remit- tance today. A. B. Vanderbeek 172 Broadway, Paterson, N. J. NEW GLADIOLI As well AS old standard varieties in our choice collection. Are you familiar with the wonderful trans- formations which have taken place in these garden favorites during re- cent years? If not, a heap of joy is in store for you in looking over our Catalog, and choosing a list for this season’s bloom. 10 fine flower- ing Bulbs, named kinds, postpaid for 50 cts. Catalog sent FREE. THE PERKINS-KING CO. Box 810 West Mentor, Ohio. Gladiolus Bulks THE BARGAIN OF YOUR LIFE 12 Kunderdi Glory (Immense Cream, Ruffled); 12 Princeps (The Amaryllis Flowered) ; 1 2 America, (Lavender Pink) ; 12 Mrs. Francis King (Flame Color); 48 strong blooming bulbs, $1.00 postpaid. A beautiful little book, for the asking. Joe Coleman, Grower Lexington Ohio The Readers’ Service will help solve your building problems. Send us your questions and difficult points. ORCHIDS Largest importers and growers of Orchids in the United States Send twenty-five cents for catalogue. This amount will be refunded on your first order. LAGER & HURRELL Orchid Growers and Importers SUMMIT, N. J. “PEACE’ Coulee’s New GLADIOLUS The flowers of this magnificent variety are almost pure white, extra- large size; the long, stiff, upright spikes are un- surpassed for cutting. Extra choice Meadowvale-grown bulbs, $1 per dozen, postpaid. Cowee ys New Booklet About the Gladiolus is the story of a dear old lady who loved these beautiful flowers. I know you will enjoy the story, and the dainty illustrations. If you will send me your name and address a copy will be mailed to you at once. ARTHUR COWEE Meadowvale Farms Box 182, Berlin, N. Y. SPECIMEN TREES We are offering for spring planting a limited quantity of beautiful, large specimens twenty- five feet high with clean, straight trunks and uniform heads, every tree of COTTAGE GARDENS QUALITY. The selection comprises Maples, Oaks, Elms, Lindens, Planes and several varieties of Evergreens. We have just published a leaflet giving full particulars. If you are interested, write us and a copy will be sent you by return mail. COTTAGE GARDENS CO., Inc. NURSERIES QUEENS NEW YORK Buy this Rain Machine for Your Garden TAKE one of our Complete Portable Lines, for example. It is 50 feet long and will uni- formly water 2,500 square feet. Such a line costs but $11.75. If money is sent with order, we pay delivery charges. Of course, the Skinner System can be sup- plied for irrigating any larger area. Its easily portable form makes it possible to change from one location to another. Can be attached to your regular hose or piping pro- vided. The pipes and fittings are galvanized. The quick acting connections and the nozzles are brass. Nothing to rust. Nothing to wear out. Don't sit by this year and watch your garden dry up. Just turn on the water and this Skinner System Rain Machine will do the rest. If it don’t do just what we say it will do, money cheerfully returned. Send for booklet. QKINNER Oystem OF* IRRIGATION The Skinner Irrigation Co 219 Water St.. Troy. Ohio REES and SHRUB PORTER’S HIGH QUALITY STOCK Illustrated Price List free. Write for copy today PORTERS NURSERIES Box 201 Evanston, 111. NOTE — Big Stock of Large Specimen Norway Maples at Low Prices GROWN IN NEW JERSEY under soil and climate advantages, Steele’s Sturdy Stock is the satisfactory kind. Great assortment of Fruit, Nut, Shade and Evergreen Trees, Small-fruit Plants, Hardy Shrubs, Roses, etc. Fully des- cribed in my Beautiful Illustrated Des- criptive Catalogue — it’s free! T. E. STEELE Pomona Nurseries Palmyra, N. J. “American” Centrifugal Pump than by others because the impeller is accurately ma- chined to thecasing, prevent- ing any sudden change in di- rection of the water. Not an ounce of power is wasted. Every “American” Centrifu- gal absolutely guaranteed. k Write for new catalog 120. THE AMERICAN WELL WORKS Office and Works, Aurora, 111. First National Bank Building, Chicago Modern Gladiolus rFHOUSANDS of people all over the 1 country know that for over ten years I have been selling the best Gladioli at the lowest prices and I want more of them to know it. I keep getting and growing the best varieties and I keep putting the prices down to meet the purses. of the people. I am again offering Fifty carefully selected gladiolus bulbs of flowering size for Fifty (50) Cents and I “pay the freight” and send my instructive catalogue of nevv and old named sorts and mixtures. This col- lection will contain a number of the best named sorts but without marks. Don’t forget that there are no better bulbs than I offer. I grow them myself and they are especially fine this year. Send your orders in now. GEO. S. WOODRUFF Box B Independence, Iowa Alexander’s Quality Dahlias THE TWENTIETH CENTURY FLOWER The Dahlia of to-day is of surpassing beauty as a single flower, exquisite for private gardens, charming in masses, and ideal for planting against shrubbery. Alexander’s Up=to=date Dahlias lead the World; because they are perfect in type and shape, beautiful in color and, most important of all — Free flowering. Our many customers are they receive good stock; name, and best of all — Guaranteed to Grow. All Flower Lovers are invited to send to the Dahlia King for his Free Illustrated Catalogue, which contains helpful descriptions and valuable cultural hints on Dahlias, Gladi~ olus, Roses, Cannas, Peonies, and Iris. J. K. ALEXANDER “The Dahlia King.” 27-29 Central Street, EAST BRIDGEWATER, MASS. The Readers 1 Setvice will give information about automobiles 190 T II E G A R D E N MAGAZINE April, 1915 THE UPTOWN SEED STORE THE RIGHT TIME TO SOW GRASS SEED IS IN APRIL and when you buy your seed, buy good seed. BUNYARD’S INVINCIBLE GRASS SEED MIXTURE is made up of the finest re-cleaned seed. BUNYARD’S " BRITISH LAWNS " FORMULA This mixture is made from a famous British formula that produces the well known lawns so much admired. Price: 35c lb.; 10 lbs. $3.23; per bushel, 20 lbs. $6.00; 10 bushels or more, $3.30 per bushel. BUNYARD'S CENTRAL PARK MIXTURE An excellent mixture for re-seeding run-down and worn out lawns. Price: 23c lb.; 10 lbs. $2.23; bushel $4.00. All above, express or parcel post prepaid at prices mentioned. Send for Our Unique Catalogue M ailed free on application. Harry A. Bunyard Co., Inc. Grass Seed Specialist 40 W. 28th St. (Bet. B’way and 6th Ave.) New York Big Shrub Special For this spring only we make this offer of large, bushy, well-rooted shrubs, 2 to 3 feet high. One of each for $2, Any four for $1 Here is the list — Red Bark Dogwood, Double Deutzia (pink or white), Tartarian Honeysuckle (pink or white). Golden Bell (Forsythia), Rose Weigela, Mock Orange (Syringa), Bridal Wreath (Spirea Van Houttei), Large-flowered Hy- drangea (Hydrangea pan. grand.) We deliver this collection free to all points east of Ohio and north of North Carolina. Send order at once for spring planting. Our New Catalogue is ready. It is free to those who are interested in New England trees and shrubs. OLD COLONY NURSERIES Inc. Dept. B Plymouth, Mass. “As if Dame Nature Did the Planting” Spruces. Cedars, Pines, with Maples, Linden and flowering shrubs will give a natural effect to your planting if trees of the right size and quality are used at the beginning. Our 1915 Catalogue gives a complete list of the trees needed for* small or large grounds. Send today for a copy. HARRISONS’ NURSERIES Box 533 Berlin Maryland Producing Show Roses A SHOW rose as seen at the exhibitions is not ^ an accident, nor is it as a rule typical of the variety. The accompanying photograph (taken on February ist) shows the production of a rose of the quality that we planned to exhibit at the New York Flower Show on March 18th. It illustrates the successive stages of growth necessary. To pro- duce roses of show quality the right break from the plant is necessary for a foundation upon which to work. Careful experiment has proven that, even though varieties vary, the average time necessary after stopping or pinching is about eight weeks in the coldest weather and about seven toward spring. The heavy growths selected to grow into show I Growing an exhibition rose bloom which, however, is not typical of the variety flowers were pinched this season the last week of December. Four weeks were allowed before the second stopping which was done between January 20th and 25th. This may bring the show flowers to maturity a trifle early, but standing in water in a cold place will improve the quality and harden the flowers to stand in the exhibition hall in perfect condition. A big exhibit of roses means the pinching off of thousands of blooms to secure hundreds, if you would have those hundreds of the highest possible quality. Do not be misled into believing that a show rose is a rose of commerce, for it is produced for the special purpose of showing per- fection and to advertise the firm producing them. The cost of production is more than the rose would sell for and there is no demand commercially for the rose with the 7-foot stem. Cromwell, Ct. W. R. Pierson. Windbreaks and Hedgerows Greatly enhance the appearance of the country or suburban home, make for increased comfort and add real value in permanent improvements. You can save money by ordering now our inexpensive Evergreen I~tnTgi„ “We Raise Our Oum Trees” Our specialized collection of these young conifers is all hardy, held grown stock. Va- rieties for every place and pur- pose. Also a fine selection of White Ash, Oriental Plane, Norway Poplar and Red Oak. You will be surprised how soon our 3 and 4 year sizes grow into large sturdy trees. Our stock is admirably suited for forest plant- ing and lining out. Send for our booklet. It gives descriptions, sizes and prices. Planting instructions with each or- der. Remember trees are perma- nent improvement. Save money by writing today. The North-Eastern Forestry Co. Tree Seeds. Nursery Stock Box D Cheshire, Conn. Big Luscious Strawberries — the kind that win great admiration for their beauty and flavor — can be grown right in your own garden. Allen’s True-To-Name plants assure you of large crops of big deli- cious berries. They are hardy and true-to-type — the result of over 30 years* careful study and selection. They com- prise all the early and late strains of the standard varieties. Prompt shipment of any quantity. Fresh stock, careful selection. All plants guaranteed, tnu-to-name. Write for Allen’s 1915 Berry Book Gives latest cultural methods. Des- cribes fully Allen’s many varieties of strawberries and other small fruits. It’s free. Write for copy today. The W. F. Allen Co. 54- Market St. Salisbury, Md. GROWN ON NEW LAND Thrifty plants, how to get them delivered to you free of Express charges. I have been in the Plant business 45 years. I will tell you how to grow a large crop in time of Drouth. $100 IN GOLD Paid to the Party growing the largest crop. If you receive my Catalogue it won’t be thrown into the waste basket. Send me the names of all the Strawberry Growers you know. C. S. PRATT, - READING. MASS. Readers’ Service gives information regarding Live Stock Contains most prac- Guide tical, money -saving group offers on fruit trees, berry plants, small fruits, asparagus roots and decorative plants, etc. Money-Making Stock at Money-Saving Prices This Complete Guide is Free — send for it today. ARTHUR J. COLLINS Box 23, Moores town, N. J. The Readers' Service will give information about automobiles April, 1915 THE GARDEN M A G A Z I N E 191 Martha of the Mennonite Country A Romance of the Pennsylvania Dutch By Helen R. Martin Author of “Barnabetta,” “Tillie, A Mennonite Maid.” A new novel by Helen R. Martin, laid in the Pennsylvania Dutch Country, the scene of her earlier successes. It is the story of a brilliant young novelist who teaches school in a little country town among the Men- nonites in order to get fresh literary material. His amusing experiences in this new role, and how the wistful strangely appealing young girl, Martha, becomes the heroine of his next novel with himself the hero make a story of unusual charm and originality. Mrs. Martin takes us right into the heart of a typical It was just an old fashioned, dilapidated New England farmhouse, but the century-old lilac bush at the corner of the house and the overrun orchard that sloped down to the ferny tangle of the little brook proved irresistible to the tired out Man of Books. And then and there began the rejuvenation of “Twin Fires.” It is a delightful tale, full of humor and homely, genuine sentiment, with many practical touches that will appeal to all back-to-the- landers, actual and incipient. Running through the narrative is the thread of a charming and tender love story. Illustrated by Thomas Fogarty. Net $1.35. Ruggles of Red Gap By Harry Leon Wilson Ruggles — valet to the Honorable George Vane-Basingwell — tells here his own story of how he was lost to the American Johnnies by his master, at “drawing poker,” of his journey to Red Gap, Washington (“one of our colo- nies named after the rebel George Washington”), of his adventures with the “cow-persons” and that deadly animal the “high-behind,” and finally of his own rise to social dictatorship. His naive and unstudied compari- sons between customs here and in England give a decided charm to the narrative. Read other books for what you will, but read Ruggles for fun. Illustrated by F. R. Gruger. Net $1.25. The Honorable George at Spilmer’s Place Dr. Syn: A Smuggler Tale of the Romney Marsh By Russell Thorndike A picturesque adventure tale of the Marsh folk of Dymchurch and their strange night rides. It is full of the unusual and the unexpected, with a love story interwoven. To the good people of Dymchurch Dr. Syn was just their genial, kindly, well-loved vicar. But one day the King’s men came to Dym- church and began unearthing the secrets of Romney Marsh, and the identity of the mysterious Dr. Syn came to light along with other strange events. The godly vicar of Dymchurch is one of the strangest characters in recent fiction. Frontispiece. Net $1.25. Garden City DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY New York From the wrapper of “Dr. Syn.” If a problem grows in your garden write to the Reader's Sendee for assistance Ruggles and the Blackamoor The butler proved to be a genuine blackamoor, a Mr. Waterman, he informed me, his w fe, also a black, being a cook. An elderly creature of the utmost gravity of bearing, he brought co his pro- fessional duties, a finish, a dignity, a manner in short that I have scarce known exce led among our own serving people. And a creature he was of the most eventful past, as he informed me at our first encounter. As a slave he had com- manded an immensely high price, some twenty- thousand dollars, as the American money is called, and two prominent slaveholders had once fought a duel to the death over his possession . Not many, he assured me, had been so eagerly sought after, they being for the most part held cheaper — “com- mon black trash,” he put it. He was, as I have intimated, a person of lofty demeanour, with a vein of high seriousness. Yet he would unbend at moments as fr tnkly as a child and play at a simple game of chance with a pair of dice. This he was good enou ;h to teach to myself and gained from me quit ; a number of shillings that I chanced to have. For his consort, a person of tremendous bulk named Clarice, he showed a most chivalric consideration, and even what I might have mistaken for timidity in one not a confessed desperado. In truth, he rather flinched when she interrupted our chat from the kitchen doorway by roundly calling him “an old black liar.” I saw that his. must indeed be a complex nature. Pennsylvania Dutch household, and the quaint dialect with its curious turns of speech is irresistible. Frontispiece. Net $1.35. Love Letters of a Divorced Couple By William Farquhar Payson Author ot “Debonnaire,” etc. ■“Affectionately, your ex-wife, Sybil,” was the way she signed her letter on the first day of her new found freedom. She felt no ani- mosity toward Kenneth — she wanted him to know that. And so began this amusing correspondence that continued from all corners of the globe, until it came to an abrupt close in the discovery that, after all, their “incompatibility” was — something quite different. Everybody knows this married couple, and the blind spot that troubled them. It is an original little book, brimful of humor and gay adventures but beneath its sparkling surface, lie hidden many searching truths about love and marriage and life in general. Decorated. Net $1.00. From “ The Idyl of Tivin Fires Mr. Miller on “Wives” Emmy’s my third wife a’ready. I had poor luck with my wives so far: they died off fur me so! Now this here one I’m tryin’ to keep oncet. I use her good. Our first wife was sich a tony Lutern yet! But our second was a Mennonite, and Emmy there, would like fur to be one of these here swell Episcolopians or whatever — for all her people, was Mennonites. From “Martha of the Mennonite Country ” The Idyl ol Twin Fires By Walter Prichard Eaton T II E G A R D E N M A G A Z I N E April, 1 !)1 5 192 CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING DEPARTMENT In this department are published announcements of firms offering goods or service of definite interest to garden enthusiasts. This department is also open to any of our subscribers who may wish to buy, sell or exchange goods through the use of announcements herein. The rate is five cents a word (average eight words to the line), payable in advance. The name and address must be counted as part of the advertisement; initials or figures count the same as words. Copy must reach us not later than the 12th of the month preceding date of issue to appear in the edition dated the following month — Thus the forms of the class- ified department of the April edition will close on March 12th. No display allowed other than capitals on first line. Smallest advertisement accepted, $i .oo. Address Classified Advertising Department, The Garden Magazine, 1 1 IVest 32nd Street, New York City CATALOGUES A VALUABLE HARDY PLANT CATALOG. A catalog that deserves more than passing notice is that of Bertrand H. Farr, of Wyomissing, Pa., containing as it does colored illustrations of dis- tinct merit, devoted to rhizomatous, Irises, Peonies, Delphiniums, Aquilegias, and the new hybrid Oriental Poppies. The colored plates are exceedingly well printed, while the catalog itself is richly illustrated with halftone cuts of much teaching value, the study of which is sufficient of themselves to make one covet having such notable and improved flowers. The catalog deals entirely with hardy herbaceous perennials, and the subjects already named in particular. No collection of Peonies in the entire country exceeds Mr. Farr’s in value, while his Irises, Phloxes and Delphiniums are also among the most complete. — Florist’s Exchange. MAKE YOUR GARDEN GLAD ” (trade mark). Our 1915 Garden Guide tells you about the best in Horticulture for 1915. Mailed free. Winterson’s Seed Store, 166 No. Wabash Ave., Chi- cago. CATALOGUE. “Greenhouse and Garden Plants.” Yours for a postal card. A. N. Pierson Inc., Cromwell, Conn. CHRYSANTHEMUMS CHRYSANTHEMUMS. If you have a greenhouse, don’t fail to grow Single Chrysanthemums. Wonderful range of colors, charm- ing as cut flowers. Anyone can grow them. Best collection in America of English noveltiesand standard varieties. Frank P. Put- nam, Lowell, Mass. CHRYSANTHEMUMS. Hardy Early Flowering Varieties. Nor- mandie, Perle Chatillonaise, F. Bannister, and others equally good. Spring delivery. In assortment, $1.00 per dozen, $6.00 per 100. A. N. Pierson Inc., Cromwell, Conn. CHRYSANTHEMUMS for all purposes. The best Exhibition Varieties. The most popular Commercial kinds for Florists’ use, including Pompons, Singles, and Anemones. Elmer D. Smith & Co., Adrian, Mich. HARDY CHRYSANTHEMUMS. Our new list describes eighty- five of the best varieties. Write for it. Scott Bros, Elmsford, N. Y. CORN GARDNER’S PROLIFIC. This is the most prolific corn we have ever seen, bears from two to seven ears of corn to stalk. Small white cob, is very hardy grower, matures in no to 120 days, fine fodder, per bushel $3.50, \ bushel $2, peck $1. Gardner’s Golden Giant, the largest yellow corn we have ever grown, matures in 90 to 100 days, very large, deep grain, medium, red cob, stand drouth fine. The largest early maturing of the kind, per bushel $3.50, £ bushel $2, peck Si. Gardner’s Improved Hickory King, small, white cob, very large grain, a hardy grower, matures in 90 to 100 days, per bushel S2. 50, \ bushel $1.50, peck 75c. Gardner’s Silver King. A very large, White Dent corn, medium, white cob, deep grain, fine fodder, matures in 100 to 120 days, per bushel $2.50, £ bushel $1.50, peck 75c. All prices f. o. b. here. No weevil in corn. Cash, check or money order must accompany all orders. Sacks free. Address IDLEWYLD FARM, Thos. S. Gardner, Prop., Bloomingdale, Tenn. DAHLIAS SPECIAL OFFER. — For the benefit of those who have not yet ordered their dahlias and those who are not familiar with the names, colors and characteristics of the dahlia, and wish to have the selection made for them, I make the following special priced collections: No. 1 collection. — Fifteen named varieties, several classes, my own personal selection, no two alike, and each one labeled... ... $1.00 No. 2 collection. — Contains 15 extra fine, high priced varieties, my own personal selection, no two alike, and each one labeled. This collection contains not less than $3.50 worth of bulbs. Price $3.00 No. 3 collection. — Contains 15 varieties or more of extra nice as- sorted bulbs, very carefully selected, no two alike, all labeled. The dahlias in this collection amount to not less than $7.00 worth. Price • $5-oo Express or postage must be paid by purchaser on all Special Offers. George L. Stillman, Dahlia Specialist, Westerly, R. I. INTRODUCTORY OFFER. A complete collection of fifteen prize winning Dahlias, of the best new and standard varieties that are dependable bloomers, embracing all colors and classes, Cactus, Decorative, Pompon, Peony, Show, and Single, each bulb labeled true to name. Collection of fifteen named varieties. Postpaid for $1.00. Collection of thirty named prize winning Dahlias, all classes and colors, postpaid for $2.00. Long Island Dahlia Gardens, Hicks- ville, L. I., N. Y. DAHLIA bulbs. My Special First Prize Collection, not less than 15 varieties via express. $7 worth for $5. Stillman, The Dahlia Specialist, Westerly, R. I., Box C-5. THE BROCKTON DAHLIA FARM has the largest and finest col- lection of Dahlias in the United States. Send for Catalogue. W. P. Lothrop, Prop., East Bridgewater, Mass. DAHLIAS — Con. DAHLIAS. The Wonderful New Golden Yellow Cactus Dahlia Golden Gate, winner of numerous first prizes and certificates of merit. The Golden Gate caused a sensation when exhibited in New York and other parts of the country. Introduced by us 1914, and is now considered by the leading Dahlia Specialists and other Horticultur- ists to be the finest, largest, and best blooming Dahlia in cultiva- tion. Three to six immense large blooms open at one time, on extra long stems. An exceptionally good keeping cut flower. fcYour garden is not complete without this wonderful chrysanthemum-like Dahlia, for the beautiful dazzling golden yellow color of the flowers will delight and attract everyone. This Dahlia is drought, blight, and insect proof, and will bloom when all others fail, and is to Dahlias what the King Humbert is to Cannas or the American Beauty is to Roses. Testimonials received daily confirming above claims from last year customers. Special Introductory Offer: 1 whole root of the Golden Gate and 1 whole root of the Queen of Hearts, which was in- troduced 1914, and is without a doubt the best and finest white cactus dahlia to date. The two beautiful dahlias, special price, postpaid $1.00. Regular value, $1.00 each. Long Island Dahlia Gardens, Hicksville, L. I., N. Y. SEND FOR A TRIAL COLLECTION of Prize Medal Dahlias for $2.50. Forbes & Keith, 299 Chancery Street, New Bedford, Mass. Free Catalogue. DAHLIAS. Best 12 long stemmed cut flower sorts, $1.00. Ameri- can Show Gardens, 1010 Floral Drive, Spencer, Ind. R. W. Macy, Manager. THE AMERICAN FLOWER GARDEN, by Neltje Blanchan. This authoritative work covers adequately the needs of the amateur whose garden is either extensive or the reverse, and every fact among the thousands is made quickly available by the fourteen page index. The plates form the Dest collection ever attempted in a book on this subject. Formerly sold at $5.00. New, popular edi- tion $1.50; $1.65 postpaid. 80 superb illustrations, 350 pages. Doubleday, Page & Company, Garden City, N. Y. EXCHANGE AMATEUR having large collection of indoor and outdoor plants desires to arrange exchanges with other amateurs. Write John C. Wister, Wister Street and Clarkson Avenue, Germantown, Pa. FOR USE IN THE GARDEN PAPER POTS AND DIRT BANDS. 2§ inch Pots: 1.000, $1.00; 500, 75c; 3 inch: 1,000, $1.25; 500, 90c.; 4 inch: 1,000, $1.75; 500, $1.25. Send for Free Samples, Price list and Big Folder giving ex- periences of 54 Gardeners and Florists. F. W. Rochelle & Sons, 105 Main St., Chester, New Jersey. WELL ROTTED HORSE MANURE, Dried, Ground, Odorless. Largely humus. No weed seeds. Best Fertilizer for Lawns and Gardens. Get circular “ C ” and Prices. New York Stable Manure Co., 273 Washington Street, Jersey City. IF YOU GROW FLOWERS OR ARE TROUBLED WITH WEEDS ON YOUR PATHS, send for our booklet “The Insect and Weed Problem Solved.” The Reade Mfg. Co., Hoboken, N. J. GARDEN TOOLS. Lawn and Land Rollers, Plows, Harrows, Lawn Mowers and Grass Seeders. Send for Catalogue D. Visit our Sample Room. J. S. Woodhouse Co., 189-195 Water St., New York. The advertisers who use these pages have confidence in The Garden Magazine’s business-producing power, and the only way they have of knowing that the advertising in this magazine interests you is by your mentioning The Garden Magazine in your response. — We will thank you. — The Ad Man FOR USE IN THE GARDEN — Con. SAN JOSE SCALE and kindred insects quickly and thoroughly controlled oy Sulco V. B., a sulphur-whale oil compound. Booklet free. Charles Fremd, Sole Maker, North Rose, N. Y. THE GARDEN LIBRARY. Twelve attractive volumes on the growing of flowers, vegetables, garden planning, etc. A series that every country dweller should possess. We shall be glad to mail you a descriptive circular. Simply send postal. Doubleday, Page & Company, Garden City, N. V. FRUITS FRUIT TREES. Special offer, both Dwarf and Standard. Standard Apples, heavy, 2 yr. old, per 100 $15.00 Dwarf “ bearing size, each 75c to 1. 00 Peaches, 4 to 6 ft., superb trees, per 100 15 00 Catalogue on request. Rosedale Nurseries, Tarry town, N. Y. DWARF FRUIT TREES, Dwarf Apple, Dwarf Pear, Dwarf Cherry and all other kinds of fruit trees, propagated from individual trees we know to be good producers, and grown in the best possible manner. The story is told in Fraser’s Tree Book. It is free. Samuel Fraser, Box 2, Geneseo, N. Y. EVERBEARING STRAWBERRY PROGRESSIVE. The most wonderful variety ever offered. Strictly an everbearing variety. Resembles Dunlap in habit of growth and fruit. Descriptive Cat- alogue free. Price, postpaid, dozen $1.25; by express, dozen $1.00; 100, $6.00. I. N. Kramer & Son, Cedar Rapids, Iowa. RASPBERRIES — Cumberland, Gregg, Older. Columbian and St. Regis. Write for prices. The Bloomington Nursery Co., Bloom- ington, 111. STRAWBERRY GARDEN, 100 Dunlap, 100 Chesapeake, 100 Wm. Belt, 100 Mitchels Early, 100 Warfield, prepaid for $3.00. Catalogue free. Townsend Nursery, Salisbury, Maryland. STRAWBERRY AND RASPBERRY PLANTS. Chapman’s select list choicest varieties. Hardy northern grown. Catalogue free. C. E. Chapman, North Stonington, Conn. SUPERB, Fall-bearing Strawberry Plants, one of the best varieties; $1.50 per 100. postpaid; 300 or more at $1.00 per 100 by express, not paid. C. E. Whitten, Bridgman, Mich. PEACH TRIBES. Leading varieties. Northern grown — budded from bearing stock. The kind you want. A. W. Fowler, Brock- port, N. Y. ST. REGIS. Ever-bearing Red Raspberry Plants, at $1.50 per 100, or $10.00 per 1,000. C. E. Whitten, Bridgman, Mich. PEACHES — General assortment of leading varieties. Write for prices. The Bloomington Nursery Co., Bloomington, 111. MODERN STRAWBERRY GROWING, by A. E. Wilkinson. The first practical handbook on strawberry culture that has been published in twenty-five years. It tells everything that one needs to know about the subject. Many illustrations, 200 pages. $1.20 postpaid. Doul^leday, Page & Company, Garden City, N. Y. GLADIOLUS SURPLUS GLADIOLI. America, F. King, Independence, 100, Si.oo. Scarsdale, (Hory, Princeps, Augusta, 100, $1.25. Faust, Taconic, Pink Augusta, Pink and White, Mixed, 100, $1.50. Write for complete list of finest florists’ Asters, Petunias, Gladioli, Perennial Plants, Roses. Ralph E. Huntington, Wholesale Grower, Paines- viUe, Ohio. GLADIOLUS. American Grown, first size bulbs. A few prices: By the dozen, Panama, $1.50; Niagara, 75c.) Golden King, $2.00; Glory, 7 sc.; Baron Hulot, 50c.; Blanche, $1.00; Halley, $1.00; Fran- cis King. 30c.; Mrs. Pendleton, $3.50; Independence, 50c. Post- paid. Bidwell & Fol les, Kinsman, Ohio. "ALL STAR” COLLECTION GLADIOLUS BULBS. 1 each n varieties 50c. post paid ; 5 each $2. Victory, Chicago White, Amer- ica, Mrs. Francis King, Pink Beauty, Cracker Jack (Grofi’s), Prin- ceps, Independence, Baron Hulot, Kunderdi Glory, Halley. Joe Coleman, Grower, Lexington, Ohio. PLANT GLADIOLI NOW. America, Francis King, Canary Bird, Independence, 3 3 c . dozen, mail, $2.00, 100 express; choice mixtures all colors, 23c. dozen, mail; Si.oo per 100 express. 10 named Cannas, 50c. 1 o named Dahlias, 60c. Postpaid. My List free. Benj. Connell, Florist, Merchantville, N. J. 100,000 GLADIOLUS BULBS ic each. Make money growing cut flowers. Medium ize bulbs that are sure to bloom. Not a cheap mixture but ma e up of choice named varieties. Not less than 25 to a customei . All postpaid. Joe Coleman, Grower, Lexington, Ohio. In Writing to Advertisers Please Mention The Garden Magazine. April, 19 15 193 T H E G A R D E N MAGAZINE GLADIOLUS Con, NURSERY STOCK SEEDS AND BULBS BADENIA, the new Blue Gladiolus, $1.00 bulb. Peace, the finest white, Si.oo per dozen; Mrs. Frank Pendleton, the wonderful pink beauty, $2.50 dozen. Send for new catalog, full description and directions for culture. Brookland Gardens, Lexington St., Woburn, Mass. FOR GORGEOUS BLOOMS THIS SUMMER PLANT GLA- DIOLI. Best garden varieties, America, Augusta, Mrs. Francis King, Brjnchleyensis, Klondyke, 100 for $2.00, parcel post paid. N. Leon Wintzer, West Grove, Pa. GLADIOLUS. Sixty named varieties, America, $1.00 hundred. Send for price list. First size bulbs. Melrose Bulb Importing Co., Box G. S., Melrose, Mass. QUANTITY BUYERS OF GLADIOLI should write for our trade- list and special surplus offer of Panama. Niagara, Europe, Pendle- ton, Badenia, etc. W. E. Kirchhoff Co., Pembroke, N. Y. GLADIOLUS. 100 Large Americans, best sort known, $1.00. American Show Gardens, 1010 Floral Drive, Spencer, Ind. R. W. Macy, Manager. THREE MRS. KING (scarlet), three America (pink), and twelve mixed Gladiolus, prepaid, socts. Crest Nurseries, R6, Piqua, Ohio. DERBY GARDENS GLADIOLI. Buy of the grower acclimated stock. Send for list. John H. Umpleby, Lake \ iew, N. Y. TWENTY MIXED GLADIOLI BULBS for 25 cents. Will bloom from July to October. August Hofmann, R. F. D., Hicksville, L. I. NEW GLADIOLI. Send for list. Dr. C. Hoeg, Gladiolus Breeder, Decorah, Iowa. HERBACEOUS AND FLOWERING PLANTS REMEMBER. If it’s a Hardy Perennial or so called Old Fashion Flower worth growing we have it in one shape and another the year round. Wo have the largest stock in this country, all Made in America, and our prices average ioc each, Si.oo per doz., $7.50 per 100. Why say more here? Send ioc for our beautifully illustrated list of varieties and plan book and benefit from the opportunities this affords. Address R. W. Clucas, Mgr., Palisades Nurseries, Inc., Sparkill, N. Y. JAPANESE IRIS. Our river bottom land causes such a rapid in- crease in stock that we are able to offer our superb varieties as fol- lows, viz: Named $1.50 per dozen $10.00 per hundred Mixed 1. 00 per dozen 7.00 per hundred Catalogue of this and other perennials on request. Rosedale Nur- series, Tarrytown, N. Y. CYCLAMENS are the finest winter blooming Plants. We are Specialists, have the latest Novelties. Plants from Flats, five cents; from Pots, ten cents. Orders from Dollar up. Cultural Directions with orders. Christ. Winterick, Cyclamen Specialist, Defiance, O. HARDY ‘ OLD-FASHIONED” FLOWERS, 18 strong plants for $1.00. Hollyhocks, Iris, Foxgloves and many others. List free. Order now. Satisfaction guaranteed. W. E. King, Box 386, Little Silver, N. J. ANTIRRHINUM NELROSE, the sensation and prize winner of 1914. Best pink snapdragon for bedding. Plants, May delivery, $1.50 per doz. Seed, $1.00 per packet. F. W. Fletcher, Auburn- dale, Mass. SNAPDRAGON. Plants of Nelrose, Phelps’ White, Buxton’s Pink. The three finest varieties. Spring delivery. 75 cents per dozen, $6.00 per 100. A. N. Pierson Inc., Cromwell, Conn. HARDY PHLOX and GERMAN IRIS, large strong plants, $1.00 per dozen. Will bloom this summer. Order NOW. Price List free. W. E. King, Box 386, Little Silver, N. J. NEW AND OLD FASHION FLOWERS, lawn, shrubs, and cover- ing plants. Large stock, moderate prices. Send for list. Wyo- manock Nurseries, R. 5, Lebanon Springs, N. Y. SHASTA DAISY ALASKA: Coreopsis Lanceolata. Large, strong plants that will give great satisfaction. 75 cents per dozen. Harold L. Brown, Barrington, New Jersey. LOBELIA CARDINALIS. Heavy 2-year plants for hardy border or naturalizing. $1.50 per dozen, $10.00 per 100. A. N. Pierson Inc., Cromwell, Conn. HARDY PRIMROSE. Finest assorted varieties, all colors, pot grown, $1.50 per dozen, $10.00 per 100. A. N. Pierson Inc., Crom- well, Conn. HOLLYHOCK. Finest single and double varieties from large pots. Specify which. $1.50 per dozen. A. N. Pierson Inc., Cromwell, Conn. COLUMBINE. Long Spurred Hybrids. Large plants from pots. $1.50 per dozen, $10.00 per 100. A. N. Pierson Inc., Cromwell, Conn. DELPHINIUM. Kelway’s Hybrids, 2-year plants from large pots, $1.50 per dozen. A. N. Pierson Inc., Cromwell Gardens, Cromwell, Conn. PHLOX. Best varieties. Name height and color desired. $1.50 per dozen, $10.00 per 100. A. N. Pierson Inc., Cromwell, Conn. THE POCKET NATURE LIBRARY, a series of four pocket Nature books, leather bound — the birds, the flowers and trees, illus- trated in beautiful colors. Mail postal for circular. Doubleday, Page & Company, Garden City, N. Y. HEDGE PLANTS of every description. Sample of prices f.o.b., viz: 100 1000 California Privet, heavy 2-3 ft. $4.00 $30.00 “ 44 44 3-4 ft. 5.00 40.00 Berberis Thunbergii 12-18 in. 10.00 90.00 18-24 in. 15.00 125.00 Catalogue on request. Rosedale Nurseries, Tarrytown, N. Y. COLORADO NATIVE SHRUBS, Evergreens, and Flowers for every American Garden, and the best ornamentals for western planters; 40-page catalogue free. Rockmont Nursery, Boulder, Colorado. THE BEST OF EVERYTHING in Trees, Plants, Roses, etc. Old- est and Largest Nursery in Michigan. I. E. Ilgenfritz’ Sons Co., Monroe Nursery, Monroe, Mich. EVERGREENS in 70 Varieties at reasonable prices, in sizes from 6 inches to 16 feet, several times transplanted. Rosedale Nurseries, Tarrytown, N. Y. NURSERY STOCK — We offer a general assortment in fruit and ornamental stock. Send list of wants for estimate. The Bloom- ington Nursery Co., Bloomington, 111. OLD BOXWOODS. A few specimens six feet high and equally broad, send for photos. Rockland Nurseries, Blauvelt, N. Y. NATIVE EVERGREENS. Hemlock, American Spruce, Arbor- vitae. White Pine, Balsam Fir, 6 to 12 inches, $5 per 1,000; 5,000 for $25, f.o.b. Also transplanted evergreens. Write for price list. The James A. Root Nurseries, Skaneateles, N. Y. PANSIES GIANT PANSIES. Steele’s Mastodon Strain, the largest and most marvelously colored in existence. Flowers measure up to 3! inches in diameter. Why plant common small flowering pansies when you can buy these beautiful Giants of new shades and varia- tions, postpaid in bud and bloom for 40c. doz., 3 doz., $1.00. Long Island Dahb’a Gardens, Hicksville, L. I., N. Y. PEONIES WE GROW PEONIES— NOTHING ELSE. We are thus special- ists in a sense which means something. They cost no more from us. And as there are lots of poor Peonies, why not have the benefit of expert advice. May we tell you about it? Mohican Peony Gardens, Box 777. Sinking Spring, Penna. PEONIES, the favorite Officinalis Rubra, double, red, commonly known as Grandma’s Piney, the earliest and most popular peony. Special introductory offer of large six year old plants, which will average 8 to 10 blooms this spring for $1.25 each, by express pre- paid. Long Island Dahlia Gardens, Hicksville, L. I., N. Y. ROSES DICKSON’S IRISH ROSES, Blue Ribbon Winners of the Rose World. Heavy two year, field grown plants. $22.00 per hundred and up. Illustrated catalogue free. Rosedale Nurseries, Tarry- town, N. Y. CLIMBING ROSES. Excelsa, Dorothy Perkins, Hiawatha, Tau sendschon, and others; 2-year plants, 5-inch pots, 50 cents each, $5.00 per dozen. A. N. Pierson Inc., Cromwell, Conn. A BURGLAR often misses the mo£t important things in his burglaring because he doesn’t look far enough. Lots of people, not burglars, would find many important things near at hand if they only would look a little bit farther for them. You, while reading this mag- azine, are surrounded with all kinds of valuable information on many important subjects. The advertisements in this issue present many near at hand op- portunities. Burgle your way into them. You will find it easy going and the haul worth while. — The Ad Man. QUALITY SEEDS AND PLANTS. The choicest European and American strains. Our catalogue describes them without fuss or frills. The truth without exaggerations to mislead you. Catalogue free. L. P. Butler & Co., Monadnock Greenhouses, Keene, N. H. LILIES. Hardy Japanese varieties, for immediate planting, Mam- moth Bulbs, Lilium Auratum (Gold Banded), Speciosum Magnifi cum (Deep Pink), 25c. each, or 5 for $1.00, postpaid. Empire State Bulb Company, 94 Enfield Street, Brooklyn, New York. GIANT HYACINTH (New Improved). Attains height of 5 feet, beautiful white flowers in August and September. Large bulbs, 25c each; $2.00 per dozen, postpaid. W. E. King, Box 386, Little Silver, ASTER SEED. Lady Roosevelt, 50c., Large White, 25c., Hercules 25c. Weaver’s Perfection Head Lettuce 25c., and Three Free Pack- ets. All for 50c., money order. Glen Mawr Seed Farms, Kinzers, Pa. ASTERS. 12 packets, 12 varieties, best cutting sorts, $1.00. Ameri- can Show Gardens. 1010 Floral Drive, Spencer, Ind. R. W. Macy, Manager. ASTER SEED. High grade seed. Send for catalog and free sample. Miss Emma V. White, Seedswoman, 3014, Aldrich Ave. S., Minneapolis, Minn. EXCELSIOR PEARL TUBEROSES — Improved strain, large flow- ers, very double. 35c per doz. Postpaid. Joe Coleman, Lexing- ton, Ohio. FLOWER SEEDS FROM PAUL DOVE. Wellesley, Mass. Plant your garden with selected seeds; it pays. Write for my Little Green Book; it explains. TUBEROUS- ROOTED BEGONIAS — Immense flowers and grand for bedding or pots. 4 for 25c-; 18 for $1.00. Joe Coleman, Lex- ington, Ohio. VEGETABLES PLANTS POSTPAID TO YOU. All varieties, Beets, Lettuce, Four dozen, 25c.; hundred, 35c.; Asparagus, Cabbage, Tomato, dozen, ioc.; hundred, 75c.; thousand, S4.50; Cauliflower, Pepper. Egg Plant, dozen 15c.; hundred, 90c.; Mammoth Pansies in bloom. Coleus, Sweet Williams, dozen, 35c.; hundred, $2.50; Catalog. Click Plant Farms, Smoketown, Pa. THE FARMER’S CYCLOPEDIA is a farmer’s most valuable asset in seven superb volumes — text made from the records of the Agricultural Department. A circular descriptive of the complete work mailed on request. Doubleday, Page & Company, Garden City, N. Y. WANTED SUPERINTENDENT, open for A No. 1 position, American — Where ability and long experience are appreciated, expert on blood- ed stock. Thoroughly understands all branches of general farming, fruit growing, etc., as well as construction of farm buildings. No bad habits. Never touch tobacco or liquor in any form. Address Box 7, Care of Garden Magazine, Garden City, N. Y. GARDENER. American, single, strong, healthy, industrious. Life experience in care of country estate. Understand care of green- houses, growing flowers, vegetables, trees, shrubbery, lawns, etc. Also poultry-. Good all around mechanic. Capable of taking en- tire charge. Good character. Ai references. F. E. D. 73 Trask Ave., Bayonne, N. J. SUPERINTENDENT. Advertiser desires position as above. Will be open for engagement after April 15th. Sixteen years’ practical experience in all branches of estate work. Capable of developing new estate on practical lines. Excellent references. Age, 32. English. Married, no family. Energetic. Box 5, care of Garden Magazine, Garden City, N. Y. GARDENER wishes position on private estate. Twenty years’ experience in all branches of gardening. Have held responsible posi- tions North and South. Scotch, married, good references. Address, Box 6, care of Garden Magazine, Garden City, N. Y. LANDSCAPE GARDENER. 10 years’ experience. Complete plans, laying out, planting, management. Correspondence invited. Geo. B. Moulder, Smith’s Grove, Ky. “GARDENER ASSISTANT” — Young man, honest, conscientious, ambitious, wants position that offers opportunity for wide general instruction. Address C. Pafort, 104 Perry St., New York City. WILD FLOWERS ARE YOU INTERESTED IN WILD FLOWERS? Do y9u wish to be more intimately acquainted with their names, their habits and peculiarities ? Would you like to be familiar enough with bot- anical terms to handle a manual instead of trusting to often mis- leading pictures for your flower names ? You can get this knowledge through actual field work in company of a guide. Why not go with me to some favorite haunt of yours or to some of the many places I know? Further particulars gladly furnished. S. Stetson, 51 1 West 113th Street, New York City. MISCELLANEOUS POST CARDS. “Sunshine” and “Temperance.” Best of all. Original, unique, delightful. Eighty designs, 40c.; 20 for ioc. A. T. Cook, Seedsman, Hyde Park, N. Y. In writing to advertisers please mention The Garden Magazine 194 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE April, 19 15 A New Novel “Victory” By Joseph Conrad THIS is the story of Axel Heyst and the girl from a travelling Ladies’ Orchestra with whom Heyst runs away and lives on the almost desert island of Samburan in the Southern Pacific, amid the ruined buildings of the once flourishing Tropical Belt Coal Company. 4TT Thus stated, this new romance of Mr. Conrad’s sounds prosaic enough, but in jJ reality nothing about Heyst is pro- saic. A man of title in his own country, a dreamer, unfitted for life by an im- practical and skeptical parent, Heyst wakes up to a new quality in the world of things when a girl comes into his vision. From that day in Schomberg’s hotel when he answers the look of mute appeal in Lena’s eyes, a new current of life sweeps Heyst along. 4TJ Among those who knew him, Heyst j] and elopement were unthinkable, and yet it is this “ looker-on at life ” who plans the details of the escape from Schomberg’s, enlists the help of the graven-image wife of the hotel-keeper, and snatches the girl away from under the nose of the infuriated German. 411 And then begins that strange life of Til Heyst and Lena amid the ruined splendors of the Tropical Belt Coal Company’s headquarters on Samburan. Vague filterings of news come through Davidson, who takes his vessel past Samburan every month in the hope of being signalled for help. But it is only with the visit to Samburan of Mr. Jones and Ricardo, that well-mated pair of scoundrels, that the veil is lifted on the life of Heyst and the girl and the reader understands for the first time the tenderness and the pathos of this strange romance. tfJT “ Victory ” is specially notable for Til the directness of the narrative. In this respect it is the complete antithesis of “ Chance.” And yet it has much in common with “Chance,” especially that quality of evoking from the reader a compassionate affection for the two souls that ever strive for, and ever miss, the fulness of understand- ing. If Flora de Barral, of “Chance,” is to be written down Copyright Underwood & Underwood H. L. MENCKEN Editor of ** Smart Set” says: “A narrative that gets under way on the very first page, and proceeds uninterruptedly to a sforzando and melodra- matic close. The story sets a new style for Conrad, and one obviously likely to in- crease his audience. Not even ‘ Falk ’ or ‘ Typhoon ’ has more naked action in it. Conrad applies to the un- folding of it all the resources of his extraordinary art, and particularly all his gift for the dark, the threatening, the sinister. From the moment that Jones and Ricardo reach the crazy island jetty, sun- blistered, purple-faced, half dead of thirst — from this moment to the last scene of all, there is no halting or turn- ing aside. Put upon paper by a lesser man it would be- come a mere penny-dreadful. But as it is told by Conrad it takes on the Homeric propor- tions of an epic, a saga. Told in a straightforward, almost bald manner, with no appar- ent effort to build up effects, it yet leaves upon, the mind a picture almost as vivid and as haunting as that left by “ Heart of Darkness.” It is closer to the conventional novel than anything else he has done, and yet it is full of his characteristic touches.” first among Conrad’s women, Lena, of “ Victory,” shall be her sister. Seated pale, distracted, at bay before Ricardo, every sense battling beneath a supernatural calm for Heyst’s life, she will remain a radiant memory, inexpressibly tender and appealing. Doubleday, Page & Company Garden City New York Write !o the Readers’ Service for suggestions about garden furniture BAUR FLORAL CO. 15 E. 9th St., Erie, Pa. Two Gems that Grace the Mountain Garden Planting Time Is Here Our comprehensive catalogue will tell you what, where, and how to plant. We tell you what are the good things and list only plants that will be a real asset to your home. Accurate descriptions and many cultural and plant- ing hints will guide you and prevent costly mistakes. Roses Creels? Bedding Plants Hardy Perennials, House Plants, Bulbs All these subjects are fully covered. We have everything you need to make a garden beautiful. We’d like to send you this free book now — while it is still time to make a selection and get everything planted in good season. The distinctiveness of our methods and products will delight you. We’d like to tell you just how our methods differ from others — but that is what we wrote this book for. It will tell you how and why we give satisfac- tion. Send for it. It is free. This dainty picture shows the chief charms of Mr. Cole’s gardens; the letter tells of the vigor of Farr’s Irises: In the autumn of 1913 I purchased some Iris Dalmatica roots from you, which I planted at my summer home on the extreme summit of the I’ocono Mountains, giving them slight protec- tion over one of the severest winters this part of the state has ever seen. The next spring (1914) gave me the result shown in the picture. CARLOS P. COLE, February 24, 1915. Thornhurst, Pa. Farr’s Hardy Plant Specialties (EDITION OF 1915-16) Classifies the hundreds of varieties of IRISES and tells how and whereto grow them. The text matter was prepared from my own field notes and is absolutely reliable. More than five hundred varieties of PEONIES are described in this book, and there are many pages of beautiful illustrations — twelve of them in the colors of nature (reproduced by the wonderful Lumiere process) . If you will send me your name and address I will mail a copy to you, and I trust that it will be an inspiration to you, as its predecessors have been to others who love the garden that does not have to be re- newed every year. BERTRAND H. FARR, Wyomissing Nurseries 104 Garfield Avenue Wyomissing, Penna. A Refreshing Picture Smooth well-kept lawns, present a re- freshing picture. On hot summer days you cannot, at your command, call cooling breezes to your relief — this priceless gift is denied you. But you can, at your will, make your surroundings refreshing to the eye and pleasing to the senses. The Ideal Junior Power Mower will keep your lawn in prime condition, and furnish a setting to delight every owner who takes pride in the appearance of his lawn. This power driven mower is more economical to operate than either the hand or horse driven mower — will do the work quicker and better. Ten full hours’ work costs but 20 cents for fuel — with no loss of power, as is the case when three or four chains are necessary to transmit the power from the motor to the drive wheel. <^^90^ The motor is three horse power, SAE rating; high tension National mag- ^ neto; 4 adjustable cutter blades; /Vs; on 25 inch cut; climbs 40% grades; cuts 5 acres per day. Speed up to 4 miles per hour. ffu The Ideal Combination /W Mower and Roller, a larger 'yjjL machine with 38 inch cut $400. vA Let us tell you more about what VS. the Ideal Power Lawn Mower will do for your lawn. THE IDEAL POWER LAWN MOWER CCX^ R. E. Olds, Chairman 416 Kalamazoo Street Lansing, Michigan itwwmt e: Junior Power HawnMower The Right Setting for Your Home No matter how elaborate your town house, suburban home or country estate may be it requires Stewart artistic iron fence and gates to bring out its full beauties. Stewart Fence and Gates protect you and give permanence to your improvements by preventing damage from intruders. Made by master craftsmen in hundreds of designs. Blue Prints, Photos, Book of Designs, Catalog, etc., sent Free, if you will tell us what you have in mind. A brief description of your property will greatly help us in making suggestions. THE STEWART IRON WORKS COMPANY Department D, CINCINNATI, OHIO “The World's Greatest Iron Fence Builders" Iron Statuary, Stable Fittings, Lamp Standards and Lanterns Iron Vases Settees , Garden and Drinking Fountains Cedar Acres Gift Box The Gift Box contains a selection of choice varieties for the purpose of creat- ing an increasing admiration and appre- ciation of the most beautiful garden flower — the Gladiolus. The selection gives a pleasing assortment of colors especially adapted to the amateur’s gar- den and makes a most attractive gift for your suburban friends — a lasting remem- brance, as it gives pleasure all through the blooming season. With each box are sent full cultural directions and your card if so desired. 12 bulbs, 50c, 25 bulbs, $1. Express prepaid. Cedar Acres Gladioli “The Orchid of the Garden” DAWN B. HAMMOND TRACY Cedar Acres Box 27 Wenham, Mass. BULBS THAT BLOOM! Gladioli have been developed and im- proved until now they are without exception the most useful and beautiful flower in the garden. The richness of coloring, diversity of shadings and profusion of bloom have been secured without sacri- ficing the sturdiness of the plant WRITE for INFORMATION Let me help you to raise better Gladioli than any you have ever seen. For years I have de- voted all my time and thought to improv- ing the Gladiolus and raising better bulbs. It is both my business a n d my pleasure. I will glad- ly answer any ques- tions in regard to the “Orchid of the Garden,” its culture, the best varieties, etc. There will be no charge. Send for beautiful illustrated book- let, describing many varieties and giving the real truth about each. ROUGE "TORCH' THE COUNTRY LIFE PRESS, GARDEN CITY. NEW YORK Vol XXL, No. 4 MAY, 1915 15 Cents a Copy FARMING / COUNTRY LIFE IN AMERICA NATIVE HARDY PERENNIALS (Planting Table) LILIES PRIMROSES PEONIES MAKING THE FRUIT TREES BEAR DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO. Chicago GARDEN CITY, N. Y. New York THE WORLD'S WORK WHY not start this spring and make a collection of American ferns and plants? If you have a woodland, even a very small one, you can develop a natural garden which will be the envy of all your friends. Gillett’s Ferns, in over forty hardy varieties, and such plants as Hepaticas, Bloodroot, Native Violets, Lady Slippers, Trilliums, Dogtooth Violets, Solomon's Seals, Lilies, Cardinal Flowers, etc., will produce lasting results. If you wish beautiful native Azaleas, Hemlocks, Cedars, Rhododendrons, Mountain Laurel, and other native shrubs, GILLETT has them. Also special fern collections for beautifying that dry, shady corner by the house. Send for my illustrated catalog of over 80 pages which tells about this class of plants, also a long list of hardy perennials for the open border. IT'S FREE. Edward Gillett, 3 Main St., Southwick, Mass. A bed of T rillium grandiflorum growing in the woodland i T j 1 n h* nf 5 .'5 ,.n (t its MI km ii tl HnnHUn mP Sftjpf "W 1 m f j ] Wt 1 { M * j •1 r . » Y- • 'j Jr** ^ i*«; J The First Dog Story of the War PIERROT: Dog of Belgium By WALTER A. DYER The simple story of what the war did to one Belgian dog. How Pierrot was taught to help draw a machine gun; how he fought, was wounded, and escaped; how he returned to those who loved him to comfort them in their misery — this is the intensely human little tale for everyone who loves dogs. W alter Prichard Eaton, A true dog lover says : “He certainly knows dogs. That scratching in the door, and the joyous bark of recognition, when poor Pierrot gets back to his family must make the heart of every dog lover pound. Some men are none too good to be soldiers, but every dog is too good.” 44 Pierrot has been a good soldier,” said Gran’pere. With real dog illustrations NET $1.00 A New England Romance THE IDYL OF TWIN FIRES By WALTER PRICHARD EATON The love story of John and Stella, and how an old New England farm- house awoke under their care. Everybody who has a house in the country and a garden, no matter how small will enjoy this story told with a kindly humor and cheerful outdoor philosophy. “A springtime idyl, calculated to give every one the fever— twin fevers for a girl and a farm” — N. Y. Globe. With charming sketches of New England Scenes by Thomas Fogarty NET $1.35 DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY, Garden City New York May, 1915 THE GARDE N MAGAZINE 195 Beautify Your Garden by Planting Farguhar’s Phloxes We grow annually thousands of these plants and our collection of over thirty varieties includes the best of the stand- ard sorts as well as the newer intro- ductions. Strong Field-grown Plants $1.75 per dozen, $12.00 per hundred. Write for a copy of our Garden Annual for 1915 containing complete list of varieties. R. & J. FARQUHAR & CO. 9 South Market Street Boston, Mass. Cromwell Gardens Best Twelve Ellen Poulsen, pink, and Triomphe Orleanais, red, are the Baby Ramblers that made our First Prize Rose Garden a blaze of color. We have large plants of these ready for your garden. The New England Collection is a collection of the following Hybrid Tea roses. Giving a wide range of colors and is one of the finest rose sets ever offered. Radiance Mme. Leon Paine Miss Cynthia Forde Laurent Carle Mrs. Aaron Ward Killarney Queen Kaiserin A. Victoria My Maryland Caroline Testout Gen. Mac Arthur Mrs. W. Christie Miller Jonkheer J. L. Mock These varieties make up the col- lection. Twelve two year old plants that will give you a bed full of the finest roses and that will flower all summer. 2 year size from 5 in. pots, 50c. each; $5.00 per dozen. MME. EDOUARD HERRIOT This set of twelve, shipped from large pots for $5.00 Mme. Herriot the famous winner of the Daily Mail Prize. In color beautifully distinct Coral red shaded with yellow. One of the newest and best of the garden roses. Strong two year old plants, that will flower this season shipped from large pots. $1.00 each, $9.00 per dozen. is made up from the best of the Hybrid Perpetual varieties. A collection that will give satisfac- tion and that is exceptionally hardy. Baroness Rothschild Clio Fisher Holmes Frau Karl Druschki George Arends Gen. Jacqueminot Hugh Dickson Mrs. John Laing Mrs. R. G. Sharman Crawford Paul Neyron Ulrich Brunner Captain Hayward All the above in large two year old plants ready to flower this June. These shipped from large pots. The collection for $5.00 Our catalog for the asking AN Pierson me. ClvQMWELL GAT^DENS Cromwell Conn Let us plan and plant your rose garden The Readers’ Service is prepared to advise parents in regard to schools 190 May, 1915 CARDEN MACAZINE READERS' SERVICE Help in need! Ask this department to answer your specific problem. Replies of general interest only are printed here Fishy Odor From Water Lily Pool We have a small pool in which there are 45 gold fish. The water is about two feet deep. The fountain in the pool plays a small spray for about two hours every evening; but it has a fishy smell and is annoying. In the pool are water lilies and arrow heads. What is the cause of this smell; are there any plants we could put in to sweeten the water, or would charcoal have any effect?— C. W. H., 111. — Your method of procedure is the correct one and we do not understand why you should be troubled. Possi- bly there is some decaying matter in the pool and we would advise you to make a search and see if there are any dead fish in the pool or if there is any decaying vege- tation. If you find nothing of the sort, we would advise letting in more water. The water lilies and the arrow heads should keep the water in good condition. Char- coal would not remedy the difficulty. Analysis of Drinking Water The analysis of water from a new well 285 feet in depth shows traces of chlorides, and nitrates, and ammonia is also present. Is such water good for drink- ing purposes? — H. M. W., New York. — The matter of a water supply for drinking purposes is too important to be decided according to the very incomplete information you have supplied us. We, therefore, advise you to consult a specialist or at all events to write to Prof. C. A. Martin, Dean of the Col- lege of Architecture, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. A bulletin on Rural Water Supply published by the West Virginia University Agricultural Experiment Station says that “Generally speaking, it may be said that the presence of even a trace of nitrates is a sus- picious indication, as such shows not only incomplete oxidation, but also that the natural course of purifica- tion of the water is being interrupted through some cause.” While the trace of chlorides is less of a danger signal it might also arouse doubts of some people. Of course the depth of your well tends to preclude the possibility of surface polution. Nevertheless, we should want to know more about this water before using it freely. Burying Kitchen Garbage Is there any value, or danger, in burying kitchen gar- bage in vegetable garden or around shrubs in pits two to three feet deep, six inches of earth being put on top of the garbage? — C. L. C., 111. — In relation to the kitchen garbage everything de- pends on the kind of garbage. In general we do not consider it advisable to put any quantity of household garbage near the roots of plants as this decaying matter will cause a souring which is injurious to the growth of the plants. Why not put the garbage in an open pit and cover with lye in order to quickly destroy it? Spent Hops as Fertilizer What is the value of spent hops from a brewery as manure for a flower garden? — C. W. H., New York. — The actual fertilizing value of hop refuse would be extremely small. The best way to use it is, therefore, either as bedding in a stable where it may absorb the liquid manures, or as a mulch around trees and plants to prevent evaporation of moisture during the hot weather. Grass or Clover in Orchard I have recently cleared some very hilly land in Vir- ginia preparatory to planting an orchard of apples and peaches next spring. Will clover or grass be pre- ferable to increase soil fertility and prevent washing? — C. K., New York. — As you are probably located on limestone soil we would consider red clover about as valuable a cover crop as you could put into this soil. This will, of course, grow all summer and fall and will remain alive over winter and may be plowed under any time prior to planting the trees. You might use vetch or soy beans or cow peas in the same way, although the last two would die with the coming of cold weather. Of course, any cover crop plowed under will add to the fertility of the soil. Tree Limbs Do the lower branches of a small tree get higher up from the ground as the tree gets bigger, or must they be cut off to the height they should be when the tree is big? — L. L., Illinois. — The limbs of a tree never get any higher from the ground than when they appear, the growth being en- tirely in the upper extremities. Strawberries I want some strawberries in my garden but know nothing about their culture. When should they be planted and how cared for? A neighbor has offered us runners in August; would it be better to wait and use them? How much space will be necessary for the plants to have enough to supply a family of three with fruit and possibly a few quarts of preserves? — I. S., Illinois. • — It should be no more difficult for you to grow straw- berries than to grow any other perennial crop adapted to the small garden. We suggest that you accept the runners offered by your neighbor. These should be cut loose from the parent plants and lifted with as much soil as possible around the roots that are sent out from the joints of the runners, each joint giving rise to a separate plant. These new plants should then be set about 18 inches apart, separate rows being spaced from to 3 feet apart. If you can spare six feet across one end of your garden wherein you could plant about 32 plants you would obtain results worth the trouble in- volved. The chief care necessary is the mulching of the plants over winter, the removal of the mulch in the spring, the cultivation of soil throughout the growing season and the removal of the runners the first year in order to throw more strength into the fruit. If you care to obtain complete and readable information on the care of this plant you might get Albert E. Wilkin- son’s “Modern Strawberry Growing,” price, Si. 21 postpaid. Poultry Manure I have three or four barrels of hen manure; can it be best used on lawn, vegetable garden, or small fruits, shrubs, etc., and how? — H. R. M., New York. — Hen manure is an excellent fertilizer for the flower or vegetable garden or the lawn. Provided it has been kept sheltered from rain and leeching, it should be ground or pounded into a fine, uniform condition and then preferably mixed with fine loam, sand, or finely sifted coal ashes, then spread on the ground and dug or harrowed in. It would not be advisable to mix it with any preparation containing lime (such as wood ashes) since the alkali would tend to set free valuable nitrogen-carrying ammonia. Squash and Melons Crossing Is there any danger of squash, watermelon, and musk- melon mixing if planted near each other in the garden? — F. D. W., Pennsylvania. —As far as the quality of this year’s fruit is con- cerned there will be little danger of a few plants of squash and melon mixing (notwithstanding a very general prejudice to the contrary). If, however, you were to save the seed for planting next year, it is quite possible that it would give rise to odd and undesirable hybrids. Wash Water on Plants When using on plants the water from the wash tubs, is the washing powder that has been used harmful to the plants? — J. P. M., New York. —The washing powder in the wash water is just the thing that makes it of value to plants as the powder contains potash. The presence of the washing powder is the only excuse for using the wash water. Flowers for a Blue Garden Please give me a list of flowers for a blue garden? J. D. A., Long Island. — Monkshood, blue bugle, alkanet, Rocky Mountain columbine, perennial aster, wild indigo, perennial corn- flower, bush clematis, Chinese larkspur, larkspur, Belladonna larkspur, fleabane, closed gentian, liver leaf, crested iris, dwarf iris, German, Spanish, and Japanese iris, blue flax, great lobelia, forget-me-not, balloon flower, Maries’ balloon flower, blue primrose, cushion flower, sea lavender, cornflower aster, speed- well, rock speedwell, spike flowered speedwell, peri- winkle, horned violet, common violet, bird's foot violet, sweet violet. Setting a Sundial How is a sundial set properly? — W. W. K., Ohio. — In setting a dial, practically all that is necessary is to get it level and to place it according to the points of the compass. Another way is to get it so that the shadow falls on 12 o’clock at noon on one of the four times when sundials are right, viz. April 15, June 15, September 1 and December 24, when “apparent time” and “mean time” happen to coincide. The rest of the year, if we want to tell the correct time from the sun’s shadow on the dial, we must make correction on a com- plicated chart, like a figure eight, called an “ analemma”. Gazing Globes What is a gazing globe, and where can one be ob- tained?— H. B. S., New York. — The gazing globe affords a life-like panoramic picture of all the varied tints of earth, and tree and sky, and makes a very interesting ornament for a garden plot or lawn. It is a crystal ball mounted on a terra cotta pedestal. Gazing globes are manufactured by the Stewart-Carey Glass Co., Indianapolis, Indiana. Permanent Bulb Plantings When should the permanent planting be made of bulbs that have been grown in flats and ripened in the ground? When should I transplant narcissus that have grown too thick and do not bloom well? — A. G. W., Kentucky. — The bulbs that have been forced should be left in the ground until ripe when they can be taken up, sorted and reset in the usual way. This time will be about the first of September. Of course they may be taken out of the ground before that. You cannot expect any very great results from them the first year after forcing. We should merely plant them in the position they are to occupy permanently and leave them alone. If they must be removed, take them up when the foliage has died down completely, some time in midsummer, and replant in September. The same answer applies to the narcissus which you wish to transplant. Do the transplanting in late August or in September. Black Aphis on Nasturtiums Is there any cure for black aphis on nasturtiums? I have sprayed with whale oil soap with no result. — H. C., Massachusetts. — In order to get rid of the black aphis on nasturtiums spray the plants with one of the tobacco solutions or other preparations designed for getting rid of this pest. It is necessary to spray the under sides of the leaves. Liming the Roses How can one determine whether the roses need lime, and how much should be used? — H. J. S., Maine. ■ — Roses seem to be indifferent to the presence or absence of lime. It may be useful in so much as it will liberate plant food in the ground. Recent exper- iments in Europe seem to indicate that magnesium carbonate is useful as a soil dressing for roses. May, 1915 THE GARDEN M A G A Z I N E 1!)7 The Sensational New Yellow Cactus Dahlia GOLDEN GATE ONE of Burbank’s creations obtained eight years ago from a seed in a packet of Burbank’s collection of Dahlia seeds. Received certificate of merit at the American Institute, N. Y., and at Nassau County Horticultural Society’s Dahlia Show, Glen Cove, N. Y. The Best All Round Dahlia in Existence Introduced by us in 1914, and has made good all our claims for it as the finest, largest and best blooming Dahlia in existence. An exceptionally sure and free, medium, early bloomer, the most vigorous grower of all Dahlias, in fact, so vigorous that we advise to pinch out tip when stalk shows 6 to 8 joints to make plant grow bush form. It will then stand up without staking when other Dahlias are flat after a storm. One of the most distinct characteristics of this Dahlia not found in any other Dahlia, is that 3 to 6 Giant Flowers Will Open and Bloom at One Time on each 3 to 4 ft. stiff stem, if the center bud is removed when it shows. This makes the Golden Gate the most valuable of all Dahlias for Decora- tions and also having exceptionally good keeping qualities as a cut flower, will always bring highest market prices. Your garden is not complete without this wonderful Chrysanthemum-like Queen of the Garden Dahlia, for the beautiful, dazzling, golden yellow-colored blooms will attract and delight everyone and can be recommended to your friends with the greatest confidence as the one Dahlia that will always bloom in spite of drought , mildew or insects , and will give greater satisfaction than any of the high-priced novelties. We know Dahlias , as we import and grow all the new foreign and American novelties and find most of them good, if weather and other conditions are right. They, as a rule, show up grand under that irrigation pipe, you no doubt have noticed, used on the Dahlia grounds of the seed houses and other specialists. But stick them in any old place or corner, as the average public will do, and you will find that the certain novelties and other varieties, which showed up so great under that pipe, may not bloom at all or die, whereas the Golden Gate will grow like a weed and bloom as freely and more beautiful than others under irrigation. Here are a few of the hundreds of letters we have received praising the Golden Gate. Don’t fail to try the Golden Gate this season. TESTIMONIALS VASE OF GOLDEN GATE AND SOUV. DE GUS- TAVE DOAZON. COMPARE THE SIZE J. T. FITCHETT, Grower of Dahlias & Sweet Peas, 735-737 Milton Ave., Janesville, Wis. Dec. 2i, 1914. Long Island Dahlia Gardens, Hicksville, N. Y. Dear Sirs. — The “ Golden Gate” Dahlia obtained from you last Spring made good. It may interest you to know that your “Golden Gate” was in our “Prize Winning Collection” at Wisconsin State Fair, Professional Class, and was much the best keeping Cactus in the lot. Shall want more stock of this variety and will order soon after Feb. 1st. What can you quote for Spring delivery? Wishing you success, I remain, Yours sincerely, (Signed) J. T. FITCHETT. JOHN LEWIS CHILDS Flowerfield, L. I., N. Y. Mr. Wm. A. Finger, Jr., Hicksville, L. I. Dear Sir: — From all appearances ud to the present time you have in Dahlia Golden Gate one of the best varieties that has come under my attention. The character and habit is ideal, and the color is one of the richest I have seen. Without a doubt you have one of the best seedlings that has been raised in this or any other country, and L believe that there will be a great future for it. Yours very truly, (Signed) I. S. HENDRICKSON. EVERGREEN FARM C. W. Grossman, Prop. Dahlia Grower. Petoskey, Mich., Dec. 17, 1914. Long Island Dahlia Gardens, Hicksville, N. Y. Dear Sirs: Kindly book my order for one dozen of the “ Golden Gate ” Dahlia. I found this to be the very finest of its class or rather, it was in a “ class by itself ” last summer with me, and came fully up to your claims for it. It was the center of attraction out of about 75 choice varieties on my grounds. Hold the “ Golden Gate ” for further orders as I may want to increase it later, as I am selling pretty well up on my small stock of it to people who saw it in bloom last Fall, at $1.00 per root. Another boost, but I guess you are getting used to it. Wishing you the compliments of the season, I am, yours truly, (Signed) C. W. GROSSMAN. HUGO KIND Shady Lawn Nurseries. Wholesale Grower of Dahlias, etc. Hammonton, N.J., Nov. 9, 1914 Long Island Dahlia Gardens, Hicksville, N. Y. My dear Sirs: — Certainly was well pleased with your new, wonderful Dahlia, “Golden Gate.” It is certainly the grandest flower I have ever seen in the Dahlia line. We had as many as four immense flowers on one stem, in fact, no one can be convinced of its great beauty until they see it. How many "Golden Gate” can you spare? Can you spare 1000 roots? Would be pleased to have an early reply. Yours respectfully, (Signed) HUGO KIND. PRICE 50c EACH; $5.00 PER DOZEN Write for a copy of our catalog, or, better still, send for a trial order of bulbs and we’ll send a catalog ’along. — See special offers of Dahlia Collections in the classified section of this issue of The Garden Magazine. Cultural directions sent with each order. Disseminated by Long Island Dahlia Gardens, Wm. A. Finger, Jr., Prop., Hicksville, L. I.. N. Y. The Readers ’ Service will gladly furnish information about Retail Shops 198 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE May, 1915 FEWER AND BETTER BOOKS STATISTICS show that in 1914 there were published in this country 10,175 new books of more or less substantial character, and 1,853 new editions, a fair deduction being that of all the tens or hundreds of thousands of books published in the U. S. A. for the past fifty years or so, only 1,853 were deserving of new and revised editions. No great advance in the art of bookselling will come until at least a large part of this burden of poor and useless books is eliminated by the public and the bookseller. There will always be publishers to print anything they think the booksellers will buy. What a responsibility rests upon the shoulders of the bookseller, this bearer of literary burdens. STEWART EDWARD WHITE’S NEW AFRICAN BOOK If you are interested in exploration and tales of the forest and its inhabitants, Mr. White’s new book, “The Rediscovered Country,” will be a delight. He describes the last “un- hunted” region in the world — German East Africa. Among the striking stories is one of shooting four lions “at one standing,” so to speak. There are many photographs by Mr. White. RUSSIA HAS DISCARDED VODKA FRANCE ABSINTHE ENGLAND IS GETTING UP COURAGE The psychology of “Drink” is at the mo- ment rampant. Lloyd George has recently said that drink is more dangerous and harmful to England than are Germany and Austria; and a good many people are wondering if the United States will wait until war pushes her to extreme action on this subject. “the man who forgot” is the name of a novel just published by Doubleday, Page & Co., which tells the story of a man who, through dipsomania, lost his memory at the age of twenty-seven, and later became the great enemy of liquor in the coun- try. The story is based on a scientific study of what happens to some drunkards. This particular man became obsessed to do away with liquor throughout the whole nation by legislation; and how it was accomplished is told dramatically and effectively and makes you think. The author is James Hay, Jr. RUGGLES OF RED GAP is not, as one might suspect, a tale of a cowboy in the wild West, but the sprightly and exciting adventures of one Ruggles, an English valet of the most correct type, who was lost by his master in a game he calls “drawing poker” to an American from the grand and glorious state of Washington. Harry Leon Wilson, whose book about “Mr. Bunker Bean ” amused a great circle, has written of Ruggles’s experi- ences with a wonderfully keen wit, and we see for the first time in history, perhaps, what a perfectly good English valet with hundreds of years of English convention behind him thinks of a democracy of Western America of the present day. As to the origin of Ruggles, Mr. Wilson is as uncommunicative as he was in regard to his equally droll Bunker Bean, which took off one phase of American life with the same keenly searching, yet always good humored fun, which marks Ruggles. “The origin of Ruggles,” Mr. Wilson has said, “is past finding out. Perhaps he has germinated on some occasion when I studied his silent kind with frank interest and ever respectfully wondered what it might be think- ing about. Perhaps he grew from the con- viction that even an English valet must be found human if one could only explore him. As explorers of his own race would never by any chance harbor even a suspicion of this I was compelled to throw him among people who would. Hence Red Gap and a certain Cousin Egbert who artlessly believed from the very first that he was human. This is the sole misty basis of Ruggles, Red Gap, and all the rest of it.” A BOOKSELLING EXPERIMENT CORRESPON- DENCE We quote from a letter: “The writer was on a tropical island this winter, and a passing steamer dropped into his hands a brand new book called ‘Dr. Syn. A Tale of the Romney Marsh.’ It was hot and the writer was lazy, but he read a few pages to see what was the news from Romney Marsh. At the first sitting one half of the novel was consumed, when it disappeared, evidently stolen by a stronger and less conscientious man. This island got its news and its communication with the world through a lonely wireless, and so eager was the writer to know the ending of ‘ Dr. Syn ’ that he proposed to wireless to the main- land and telegraph to New York a hurry call for another copy to be sent ‘quick.’ This announcement led the thieving friend to return the volume (having himself finished it by that time). If ‘Dr. Syn’ affected one reader and his friends so greatly, why should it not sell by tens of thousands, unless the publishers are too stupid to tell people about it by advertising. I con- gratulate you on its publication, and as Dr. Syn used to sing: Here’s to the feet wot have walked the plank; Yo ho! for the dead man’s throttle. And here’s to the corpses floating round in the tank; And the dead man’s teeth in the bottle. “E. B. M.” We rise to reply: “There are, dear Mr. E. B. M., 100,000 people who would buy this book if they knew about it. The book sells for $1.25 a copy, and to advertise it sufficiently to induce 100,000 people to buy it we figure would cost perhaps $2 a copy. Our only chance to get the book started is to have people who, like you, have enjoyed it, commend it to their tired business men friends. Can you suggest anything further? “D. P. & Co.” E. B. M. comes back: “I’m busy, but I have caused the sale of many copies of ‘Dr. Syn.’ If you have any nerve, why don’t you offer to send it to any one, and tell ’em if they like it to send you the price; and if they don’t, to throw it away and no questions asked? Tell your booksellers to do it, too. “Have you got the nerve? “E. B. M.” To E. B. M. and the Public: We have. If the average man does not find interest and diversion in this quaint and clever story, we will gladly (no, sorrowfully) stand the loss. So here is our authority. Go to any bookseller, show him this corres- pondence, take the book, and ask him to charge the loss (if any) to us. Perhaps a few hundred “Dr. Syn” germs will “start the ball rolling.” Lacking a bookseller, use this cou- pon: DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO., Garden City, N. Y. Send me “Dr. Syn.” If I like it, I’ll send you the price; if not, I have the option of throwing it away. T II E G A R D E N M A G A Z I N E 199 May, 1915 Let Us Give to Your Grounds the Charm of Our Roses Why buy only the roses that bloom in June, when you can for so little, have ours that will bloom all the glad summer long? Why buy your roses, shrubs or trees anywhere else, when you can so easily get such fine stock from us, at prices that are bound to attract you? Why don’t you send for our Nur- sery Book and order what you want? Our shipments are prompt. LET us tell you the best kinds of climbing roses to buy, to get ' quick results. Why wait years for a rose arch, when you can now secure our quick growing, free bloom- ing kinds that grow six to eight feet in a season? Why experiment with the untried novelties in bush roses, when we have such a choice assortment of the de- pendable sorts? 672 Adams Street, North Abington, Mass. We Have Started Something in the Classified Advertising Department of The Garden Magazine which we feel cer- tain will be of immense value to our readers On Pages 240 and 241 of This Issue and we would particularly call your atten- tion to the many individual offers of nur- sery stock, seeds, bulbs, etc., that are placed before you there; and let us also point out to you the new departments, “ Garden Lec- tures ” and “ Books for the Garden Enthu- siasts ”• — you'll find them newsy and valuable for reference. Should You Want Something not advertised in the display pages, you'll be reasonably sure of finding it advertised in the classified department — or if you do not have success, write us and we will be glad to acquaint you with the information you desire. — The Ad Man Grow Orchids YOU will find it most fascinating. Wonderful results may be obtained by the amateur grower by following a few simple directions fully explained in our illustrated Orchid Book which we will send you upon request. It contains reliable information about planting and subsequent care of this most beautiful and popular plant, with description and prices of the various varieties, and special suggestions for beginners. Visitors Always Welcome at Our Nurseries JULIUS Rutherford ROEHRS CO. New Jersey The Rose Garden exhibited by us at the International Flower Show held in Grand Central Palace was one of the great attractions of the show. We were awarded the gold medal of the Horti- cultural Society of New York for this exhibit. We are prepared to plan Rose Gardens, either of a mod- erate size or on the most elaborate scale. Roses are a Specialty with us. This year we are specializ- ing on one of the most valuable new roses that has been sent out in years — a rose of American origin, — Francis Scott Key This is a very double rose, very vigorous, and we believe it will be one of the freest-blooming, the hardiest and most satisfactory garden roses ever introduced. We can supply nice, strong plants in 4-inch pots, ready to plant at once in the garden, at 35c. each, $3.50 per doz., #25.00 per hundred. We will be glad to send complete list of roses on application. When out motoring, stop and see our new office building at Tarry town — the finest flower shop in the world. We will also be glad to have any one interested in rhododen- drons stop at our nursery, located at Scarborough, N. Y., and see our wonderful collection. We have probably the finest collection of large sized rhododendrons in the United States. These are in flower from the middle to the last of May, which is the best time to see them. F. R. PIERSON CO., Tarrytown, New York The latest books on travel and biography may be obtained through the Readers ’ Service 200 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE ERNEST H. WILSON, V. M. H. Assistant to the Director, Arnold Arboretum, Boston May, 1915 “Chinese Wilson” WILL WRITE EXCLUSIVELY FOR THE GARDEN MAGAZINE THE EDITORS naturally feel particularly gratified in being able to inform the readers that arrangements have been concluded by which Mr. E. H. Wilson, Assistant to the Director of the Arnold Arboretum, Boston, will contribute a series of articles to The Garden Magazine, beginning with next month’s number. If The name of Ernest H. Wilson is indelibly fixed in both American and European horticulture. He has just returned from an extended visit to Japan, where he went in the interests of the Arnold Arboretum to see what that country yet contained which might be of interest to American gardens. His former travels into Western China, covering a period of fourteen years, have resulted in the introductions of a remarkable host of trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants, many of which are most peculiarly adapted to the conditions of this continent. Tf Mr. Wilson is more than a plant collector; he is a practical horti- culturist who received his initial training in Kew Gardens and first of all traveled into the interior of China in the interests of a well known English nursery. He has sent into this country more different and distinct trees and shrubs than were formerly found native in the cool temperate parts of Eastern North America. He has introduced into cultivation more new plants than any other plant hunter who ever won out in the quest for new things, all of which can be seen growing in the Arnold Arboretum. 1 It is interesting to know that ornamental horticulture in America draws most of its most striking material from Western China and other parts of Asia because of the climatic similarities of the two regions, f Mr. Wilson is eminently fitted to present to the American public the latent possibilities that are yet undeveloped, even unsuspected, and he has selected The Garden Magazine as the fitting medium to put before the general public the conclusions that he has reached as a result of his wide travels and knowledge of plants and gardening condi- tions. The articles to be contributed in this series will appear con- tinuously, month by month, for the next year and will undoubtedly put before our readers much material that has never yet been placed before the gardening public in accessible or readable form. H Chinese plants are of untold interest to our readers. Imagine, if you can, what would happen if all such well known things as hydrangea, spirea, golden bell, the chrysanthemum, tree peonies, Thunberg’s bar- berry, the w isteria, Boston ivy, all of which are Chinese, were eliminated from our gardens. To mention two of the novelties that have already made Mr. Wilson’s fame permanent — the buddleias and the Regal lily. If As a result of his recent visit to Japan, Mr. Wilson has successfully introduced nearly 100 flowering cherries, the beauty of which has long been one of the traditions of Japan. Mr. Wilson’s First Article, to Appear in the June Garden Magazine, is entitled “The Story of the Modem Rose” Every one of these articles will be adequately illustrated by photographs taken by the author in his travels. OTHER ARTICLES OF SPECIAL INTEREST PLANNED FOR THE JUNE NUMBER HULL DEAL H'lTH IRRIGATION IN THE GARDEN The problems of water supply and keeping the crops growing, with discussions of the appliances to use. DECORATIVE GARDEN ACCESSORIES The proper selection and use of bird baths, arches, seats, trellises, etc., in the garden scheme. CHOICELY GOOD SUMMER APPLES Superb home varieties are being lost by the "commercial” attitude which the garden must save for us. PERMANENT EDGINGS TO WALKS AND BEDS Materials that will help by keeping the grounds neat and clean at a minimum expenditure of labor, etc. These articles will be of special interest to your gardening friends. Please tell them about THE GARDEN MAGAZINE, or better still send them a trial subscription— 8 MONTHS FOR $1.00 1J you -wish to systematize your business the Readers’ Service may be able to ofer suggestions Cover Design — Cattleya Schroederae Queen of the Belgians ( See page 2j6 ) Edwin Levick Readers’ Service - - The Month’s Reminder The Charming Hardy Primulas Photographs by Arthur G. Eldredge H. S. Adams Getting Fruit in the Garden - - - J. R. Matter n Photographs by H. W. Porch and 0. E. Dunlap The Square Corner Lot Ruth Dean How Everybody Can Have Lilies - - H. E. Gilkey Photographs by E. B. Babcock, J. H. McFarland, N. R. Graves 196 205 205 207 209 210 Keeping the Peonies in Health Photographs by the author H.H. Whetzel 212 A Hundred Native Perennials for the Wild Garden Norman Taylor Odds and Ends from Everywhere Photographs by L. B. Stapleton and R. L. Fedder 214 2l6 Triumphs of the New York Spring Flower Show - Photographs by Edwin Levick Gardening for Young Folks - - Ellen Eddy Shaw Roberta of Roseberry Gardens - Frances Duncan The Rose Bug Routed at Last - - W . H. Jenkins Pruning and Feeding Roses - - - - - IE G. R. Special Tools That Lighten Labor F. F. Rockwell The Busiest Month for the Southern Gardener J. M. Patterson Club and Society News PAGE 2l8 220 221 224 226 228 23O 234 SUBSCRIPTION: $1.50 a year Single copies, 15 cts. The Active Semi-Social Garden Clubs Mary J . Youngs 234 Queen of the Belgians Cattleya ------- 236 S. A. EVERITT, Treasurer F. N. DOUBLEDAY. President LEONARD BARRON, Editor HERBERT S. HOUSTON, eopYRiGHT, 1915. by RUSSELL DOUBLEDAY. Vice-President DOUBLEDAY, PAGE &. COMPANY Secretary Entered as second-class matter at Garden City, New York, under the Act of Congress, March 3, 1879 For Foreign Postage add 65c. For Canada add 35c. The“Heatherhome” Seed Book of 1915 “ Your seedbook has been such an inspiration and help to us with our gardening that I wish all amateurs had a copy to guide them. I am sure the icorld woidd be much more beautiful .” Hundreds of amateurs express themselves in similar terms after reading our book. The man who wrote this book knows not only flowers like few people do, but he also knows what the gardening public needs in the way of information. YOU ARE WELCOME TO A COPY if you simply address & KNIGHT & STRUCK CO. * tjjlljL Seedsmen Plantsmen kjllfjL One Madison Ave. New York City BOBBINK & ATKINS “World’s Choicest Nursery and Greenhouse Products” Grown in America Several years of constant thought and effort places us in a position to fill orders for all kinds of Nursery and Greenhouse Products for Outdoor Plant- ing and Indoor Decorations, independent of European Importations. Among the many attractions growing in our 300 acres of highly cultivated Nursery are large quantities of the following specialties. ROSE PLANTS. Hybrid Tea, Perpetual RHODODENDRONS. English, Hardy and other varieties. Hybrids, Catawbiense and Maximum varieties. EVERGREENS, CONIFERS, and PINES. HARDY VINES and CLIMBERS. Many acres of our Nursery are planted with them- JAPANESE FLOWERING CHERRY HARDY OLD-FASHIONED PEREN- AND CRAB APPLE TREES. NIAL PLANTS. PEONIES, German and Japanese Ins. SHADE TREES, FLOWERING SHRUBS and JAPANESE MAPLES. BOXWOOD and other large leaved Ever- greens. DWARF, TRAINED and ORDINARY TR!ES’ n STRAWBERRY CALIFORNIA PRIVET. BERBER1S and PLANTS and other small bruits. other Hedge Plants. ohnTs TREES’ ^ ^ 'eaVed deCOratiVC PLANT TUBS. WINDOW BOXES. p ENGLISH GARDEN FURNITURE, and DAHLIAS, and other Bulbs and Roots. RUSTIC WORK. Our New Hybrid Giant Flowering Marshmallow Will Bloom Everywhere The above are described and priced in our Illustrated General Catalog No. 25, mailed upon request. When requesting catalog please state in what you are interested. VISITORS are made welcome to inspect our Products, which is very important before placing orders. “We Plan and Plant Grounds and Gardens Everywhere” Correspondence Invited Nurserymen, Florists and Planters Rutherford, New Jersey 201 2(H T H E G A R D E N MAGAZINE May, 1 9 ’ 5 From Now Until Narcissus, Bicolor Empress July 1&— Not Later DUTCH BULBS Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissi, Crocus, give, for a small outlay of time and money, an abundance of flowers in the house from December until Easter, and in the garden, from earliest spring until the middle of May. Bulbs are grown almost exclusively in Holland, in enormous quantities, and sold at very low prices. Usually they cost double before reaching you. By ordering from us now instead of waiting until Fall, you make a large saving, get a superior quality of Bulbs not usually to be obtained at any price in this country, and have a much larger list of varieties to select from. Our orders are selected and packed in Holland, and are shipped to our customers immediately upon their arrival in the best possible condition. If you wish to take advantage of our very low prices, we must have your order not later than July 1st, as we import Bulbs to order only. They need not be paid for until after delivery, nor taken if not satisfactory. (References required from new customers.) For prices on smaller quantities see our import price list, the most comprehensive catalogue of Bulbs published, may be had for the asking . ( 1 000 varieties described.) A FEW PRICES Per 100 Per 500 Per 100 Per 500 Fine Mixed Hyacinths $2.90 $14.00 Narcissus Empress (Monsters) $3.00 $13.50 Fine Mixed Tulips - .70 3.25 Narcissus Emperor (Monster Fine Mixed Darwin Tulips 1.45 6.50 Bulbs) ----- 3.00 13.50 Narcissus Poeticus Ornatus .75 3.50 Narcissus Emperor (Large Double Datiodils - 1.90 8.75 Bulbs) ----- 2.35 10.50 Narcissus Empress (Large Narcissus Golden Spur - 2.30 10.00 Bulbs) ----- 2.35 10.50 Spanish Iris, Splendid Mixture .55 2.00 171 1 [ATT MI TDCUDV 367 fourth avenue LLL1U 1 1 I>UiwIlii\. I PITTSBURGH, PENNA. I Power b LawnMower It’s all in the Care Proper and constant care must supplement the initial effort of the land- scape gardener in the maintenance of a perfect lawn. Such lawn care can be efficiently, quickly and economically bestowed by use of the Ideal Power Lawn Mower, which in its combination of mower and roller is especially adapted to use on extensive estates, parks and golf courses. 6 adjustable cutter blades; 38 inch swath; roller 15 inches in diameter; speed up to 45 miles per hour; automatic sharpening device; high grade National ignition; cuts 8 acres a day at a cost of 30 cents; climbs 35 per cent, grades. IDEAL POWER LAWN MOWER COMPANY S The Idea! Junior, a p t? n,« m smaller power mower for smaller lawns, is priced at $225. Write for catalog. nazoo St. Lansing Michigan Combination ^ Mower and Roller 38-inch Cut PRICE $400 or so-called Old-fashioned Flower worth growing, we have it in one shape and another in quantity the year round. We have the largest stock in this country, all Made in America, and our prices will average $1.00 per Dozen $7.50 per 100 WHY SAY MORE HERE? when by enclosing 10c. in stamps you can have our illustrated catalogue of varieties anti Book of Plans and benefit from the opportunities this affords you. Address R. W. CLUCAS, Mgr. Palisades Nurseries, Inc. Sparkill New York THE PATHWAY TO PERENNIALS LEADS STRAIGHT TO THE PALISADES NURSERIES REMEMBER IF IT'S A HARDY PERENNIAL For information regarding railroad and steamship lines, write to the Readers’ Service MAY I 7 19J5 The Carden Magazine Keep Planting IT IS just as well to keep in mind that the garden will yield re- turns in proportion to the labor that is spent on it. You must learn to cultivate if you wish suc- cess; plants must be hilled as re- quired; stakes must be provided for those that need support; seedlings must be watered carefully to assist growth. Consistent attention and labor is the price of a bountiful garden. Do not procrastinate; the busy time is just commen- cing, and what you neglect to do now you may never find time for later on. THE month of May presents many opportunities for the gar- dener. Planting and transplanting is yet to be done. Fruit trees can be set out and the entire list of herbaceous plants for the hardy border will be needing attention now, planting them as fast as they are received. Plant evergreens too, of course, after it is too late for the deciduous kinds if you prefer, which means that the latter must be seen to first, if you can do only one thing at the time, as their season is shorter. Now is the time to put out box- wood, rhododendrons, yew, junipers, etc., for base planting about the house. Early in the month belt or border screens of shrubs in general may be set out — lilacs, spireas, hydrangeas, barberry, etc. And still there is time to complete the orchard and bush fruits: apple, cherry, currant, blackberry, etc. KEEP the asparagus bed clean. If you haven’t applied any salt do it now. When sowing seed of any of the root crops (such as beets, radishes, etc.), mix with the soil some lime, tobacco, dust or soot, to stop the ravages of underground worms. If you haven’t already started your potatoes you should get them in at once. Remember that plenty of cultivation and frequent sprayings with arsenate of lead are necessary. Keep the seed pods off the rhubarb, and if you are fond of this vegetable and want the crop to continue feed freely with liquid manure or apply a mulch of well rotted manure. The tomato trellis should be put in place and preparations made for setting out the plants which can be done safely after the 15th. Eggplant and peppers can be set out late this month, but they suffer considerably from any cold weather, so don’t hurry in getting them out unless the weather seems settled. Give the strawberry bed a thorough cultivation and apply at the same time a good fertilizer. Then the customary mulch of clean straw or hay can be applied to keep the berries clean. Be sure to have ready a few baskets for the first picking of ber- ries. They are also useful for many other purposes around the garden. Early celery started in the greenhouse can be set out this month. Some plant in deep drills. Flat cultivation is the up-to-date method. COMPILED WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE HOME GARDEN, FROM THE TEN YEARS' DIARIES OF A PRACTICAL EXPERT GARDENER For reckoning dates, the latitude of New York City is generally taken as a standard. In applying the directions to other localities, allow six days’ difference for every hundred miles of latitude Seeds to Sow, etc. Vegetable Garden ONIONS, when wanted for eating green in salads, can be had on hand always by making continuous sowings about three weeks apart. Contrary to popular belief sweet potatoes can be grown in the latitude of New York. Order a supply of plants now if you want that crop. All sorts of pole beans can be sown at this time; it is best to al- ways set the poles before sowing the seed. Start sowing string beans regularly at two week intervals. Late cabbage, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts and kale can be sown late this month. Make an outside bed for this purpose. Have some bordeaux mixture on hand for the melons and cucumbers and start using it just as soon as the vines begin to run. Citron, water- melon, cucumbers, and muskmelon can all be sown now in the open provided you haven’t a greenhouse or frames and have the benefit of early started plants. Several sowings of peas can be made this month. Make the drills about six inches deep and gradually fill in as the plants grow. Pumpkins and squash should be sown now; these two vegetables suffer from the attack of insects when they are very small. A strip of tin about four inches wide placed around the hill with some net- ting over the top will protect the plants. Force the tin about one inch into the ground to keep away the cutworm. After the plants have outgrown the frame they are perfectly safe. Make a couple of sowings of beets and carrots. Use these vege- tables when they are young, don’t wait until they get old and woody. Make frequent sowings of corn to insure having at all times young, milky ears. Lettuce of all types and endive should be sown at short intervals to keep up a proper succession. These are all sown in beds and transferred to rows when large enough to handle. The use of paper plant protectors, bell glasses and other protectors for young plants certainly do improve a garden. The paper protectors are very cheap. can be started in earnest. It is well, however, to wait until the ground is in workable condition as to set plants out in wet, cold, soggy soil is ruinous. All plants of this character (such as cannas, pi w r geraniums, coleus, etc.), should first be gradually but Garden thoroughly hardened off. All the more hardy annuals started indoors (such as balsams, stocks, verbenas, etc.), can be planted out at any time this month. When plants were not started early in greenhouses or frames, seed of all kinds of flowers can be sown in the open ground, some of the more hardy kinds early in the month, the more tender kinds later in the month. Keep the perennial beds well cultivated and fill in any bare spots with annuals until the time arrives for making proper changes. This would be a good time to visit some nursery and select what 203 204 T H E G A R D E N M A G A Z I N E May, 1915 peonies you want while they are in flower. This is far more satis- factory than buying from a catalogue. Don’t forget to cut the achillea to the ground as soon as it finishes flowering so as to get a second crop late in the summer. Morning glories, nasturtiums and other annual vines can be sown at this time. Cover all your bare fences; a vine can be found for every known purpose. Keep your delphinium cut clean and feed with liquid manure so as to have flowers all summer. Don’t let iris suffer for water; remember that it is a bog plant and wants an abundance of water when growing. Although making it hard to cultivate the plants a few pansies set out now between the roses will add no little charm to the rose garden during summer. It is also a good thing to remember that the pro- per time to cut flowers is in the early morning or late evening, before the sun is strong. If flowers after cutting are placed in a large vessel of water in a cool place for several hours before they are brought into the house they will keep much better. Apply a good heavy mulch to the sweet peas and liquid food can be supplied by pouring it through the mulch. Sweet peas must be well fertilized and kept supplied with water at the roots, and the roots must be kept cool with a mulch in order to insure success. How about a few of the hardy ferns for some of the low damp places under trees? They will convert a mosquito breeding pool into a very attractive feature; on a larger scale the hardy bamboos are excellent for this purpose. The latter part of the month cut down to the ground some of the golden glow which will cause the ones cut to flower a few weeks later than the others and thereby considerably lengthen the season. Bulbs for May Planting THERE is a host of glorious flowers you can have this summer by planting out roots or bulbs now. The gladiolus is easily the most popular of all these and perhaps the most worth while, but of others there are not a few. Amaryllis and phaedranassa enrich the dull days of August with a variety of rich colors. Crinums are equally effective though some- what more delicate in color. Callas and the tuberous-rooted begonias are perhaps better known as house plants, but are equally useful in the summer garden, especially in the shady bed. Arums are less beautiful than unique but often fill a desire for something striking. Cooperia Drummondi offers a touch of pure white during the sea- son when its coolness is most appreciated. The glorious tall summer hyacinth, or more properly Galtonia candicans, with its white bell-shaped flowers, gloxinia, Bessera elegans, eucharis, montbretia, ismene, oxalis, incarvillea, spider lily, tuberose, tigridia, tritoma and zephranthus, are all of this group of summer bulbs, with which color effects may be had season after season with the least possible trouble. Then there are the bulbous foliage plants almost indispensable for bedding work and formal effects. Of these canna, elephants’ ear, and phrynium are the most reliable; and remember too that the modern canna is a beautiful flowering plant for bold effects. Then there are, of course, the summer blooming lilies which form a group by themselves. Hemerocallis and funkia (the day lilies) may be included with the true lilies — auratum, tigrinum, speciosum, and the rest. All these you can buy and plant now. And dahlias need hardly a “reminder.” Greenhouse Flowers NOW is the time to begin thinking about your flowers for next winter. Carnation plants should be set out in the field at once, and kept pinched and well cultivated. Upon this care de- pends in a measure next year’s flowers. It is well also to spray the plants during the summer with bordeaux mixture. All hard-wooded plants, such as acacia, genista, etc., should now be placed in a protected place outside so that the wood will ripen. Begonias, gloxinias and other flowering plants, being grown in the greenhouse during summer, should be fed freely. Cyclamen and primula should be placed in a coldframe and slightly shaded. The rose house should be thoroughly cleaned out and the benches painted with hot whitewash, give the house a thorough renovating before putting in the new soil. And don’t forget that a great deal depends upon the quality of this soil. A few bf the inside cucumbers of the English frame type can be grown inside during the summer. Keep chrysanthemums potted as required. A chrysanthemum once pot bound will never produce the best flowers. All left-over bedding plants, such as geraniums, coleus, ornamen- tal grasses, with a few vines, can be made up into some very pretty hanging baskets. If you intend forcing strawberries next winter, you should attend to the same at once. Plunge the pots in the ground so that the runners will start in the pots. Melons for summer forcing in the greenhouse should be started at once; these are best raised in pots and planted in hills about eighteen inches apart. Try a few of the better type of annuals, for cutting, in the green- house this summer. Fancy-leaved caladiums are fine decorative subjects. Also start some gardenias for flowers next winter. Grounds and Lawns DON ’T wait too long before you cut your grass, and any patch- ing in the lawn should be attended to at once. If you have any extensive lawn making to do it is better to leave it until late summer as late spring sowing is very apt to bring forth a weedy lawn. Evergreens that are being kept shaped up should be gone over with shears and clipped just as the growth starts. Prune maples just as they leaf so as to avoid bleeding. Late this month spray the elms with arsenate of lead, for the elm leaf beetle. Destroy all caterpillar nests before the trees leaf out by means of a torch made of cotton waste dipped in kerosene. After the cater- pillars have hatched they must be killed with poison sprays. It is not too late to do any transplanting that is necessary, but do it as early as possible. A good mulch is very beneficial. You can move evergreens until such time as they have actually started in growth. Prune early flowering shrubs immediately after they have finished flowering. Keep watering hydrangeas with alum water if you want good blue flowers. As soon as the buds appear on the roses spray with arsenate of lead for the rose bug. A good heavy mulch of manure applied now to the rose bed will give better quality flowers. Licjuid feeding where only a few plants are grown is very good; also bone meal worked into the soil, or even applied before a mulch is excellent. IF YOU haven’t already done so sow some cover crops, such as clover, vetch or rye, which can be plowed under when you get a good stand. If you don’t intend to sow cover crops and your orchard is confined to a few trees, apply a good mulch of some kind. Orchard Keep a sharp lookout for all kinds of caterpillars; poison sprays will keep them under control. If you want good quality fruit you must make up your mind to spray, about a week before the buds open, with a mixture of arsenate of lead and bordeaux mixture. Use the same mixture just as the petals fall and then at periods of several weeks apart use bordeaux mixture. This will keep under control 90 per cent, of all insects and worms that attack fruit trees. To keep the currant worm under control, spray the currants and gooseberries with arsenate of lead; also have some potassium sul- phide on hand for mildew, to which gooseberries are very susceptible. ALL root crops such as mangels, turnips, rutabagas and carrots can be sown at this time. A fairly good soil and frequent cul- tivation are the best means toward success with these crops. These are usually sown in drills about 3 feet apart so they can be worked Farm ^orse cultivator. Sow the seed plentifully in the drills „ as it is much easier to thin out than it is to fill in blanks. Field corn can be sown any time this month. Don’t make the mistake of getting the hills tooclose together; fourfeet each way allows plenty of room to cultivate the crop. Fodder corn for feeding green can be started at this time. The best plan is to make several sowings so that you always have a supply of young green stalks rather than sowing all at one time in which case some of the corn gets old and dry before you can feed it. Of course for ensilage it should all be sown at one time. For the rock garden, or a slightly elevated border, the dainty little birdseye primrose (Primula fannosa) is a valuable perennial. The blossoms are pinkish-lilac The Charming Hardy Primulas — By H. S. Adams, «cn,lCut FEW REALIZE HOW EASY IT IS TO GROW THE HARDY GARDEN PRIMROSES— FEWER STILL HAVE ANY IDEA OF THE VARIETY AND BEAUTY THAT THIS RACE OF PLANTS LENDS TO THE BORDER IN SPRINGTIME 1LIKE best my springtime flowers. But most of all I like the hardy primroses. They fairly lavish their beauty in the brief heyday of their late April and early May glory; they ask comparatively little care in return and they endure — some kinds from generation unto genera- tion. Truly they are “thankful” flowers. Years ago two kinds of hardy prim- ulas, the polyanthus (P. Polyantha) and the cowslip, or “sweet keys” (P. veris or officinalis), were common enough in the gardens of the North and a third, the oxlip (P. elatior), was plentiful in the gardens of the nearer South. The last I have found far better preserved in Virginia than either of the others in New England. Still I had no difficulty in securing all three when I began my primula col- lection. All told, I am now growfing eleven species of hardy primulas. The col- lection is by no means complete, but it comprises most of the best known kinds of easy culture and perhaps as many as the average flower lover ought to try to handle. Where I find more kinds, at any rate, I find also more pains of the sort that few ama- teurs have the time to expend. Of the eleven, the three mentioned are absolutely “iron clad,” though I have no complaint to make of the hardiness of any of the others. All endure cheerfully the wfinters of central Connecticut, and with little pro- tection. First the polyanthus. This sadly unap- preciated primrose is of obscure origin; some maintain that it is1 a hybrid (from P. elatior), others that it is the common English primrose (P. vulgaris) with the flower stem developed into an umbel of bloom. Only this umbel distinguishes it from many of the hybrids of P. vulgaris and other stemless primroses; for all have run into a multitude of colors. A clear rich red is the best that I have, but my collection also includes five shades of maroon, salmon, cream, and yellow, as well as maroon, edged and laced with gold. The clear colors, to my mind, are the most desir- able for garden effect. The cowslip, or “sweet keys,” I have direct from an English pasture and from old New England gardens. There seems no perceptible difference between the im- mediate product of the wild and some of the plants that have generations of cultiva- tion behind them. Others are a deeper shade of yellow. I also have what I call red “sweet keys,” but maybe it is the old “hose-in-hose” polyanthus, though the blossoms in size and tendency to be pendant more closely resemble the cowslip. Be that as it may, the flower — in well established clumps — gives a gay bit of color to my borders every spring. These cowslips mainly for association. For sheer beauty they do not com- pare with the new hybrids — which are legion and easily grown from seed. Here the type yellow runs through lemon and orange to a beautiful brownish shade of the latter and I have one good red. Finally, most wonderful of all, is Primula veris superba. It appears to me a yellow polyanthus, rather than a giant cowslip; but I am not disposed to quibble over the specific name of this lovely flower of spring. I only wish that I had hundreds of them, instead of one. [The plant is clearly incorrectly named in the trade catalogues. It should, we fancy, be P. elatoir, var. superba. We have been to some trouble to trace out the history of this plant, which is also known in Canada under the name of P. Harry Mitchell. — Ed.] I rarely find the oxlip north of Virginia; there, every April, I get it a little ahead of my own garden date. Yet it is an exquisite flower, of a slightly deeper yellow than the common English primrose, of which and the cowslip it is a hybrid — long since recognized as a species. The oxlip looks not unlike a small flowered polyanthus, as the blos- soms are upright in the umbel, but the The oxlip (Primula elatior). which seems to partake of both the cowslip and the common English primrose. One of the best yellow flowers for the spring border 205 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE May, 1915 20(5 Siebold’s primrose is the most striking of all the hardy kinds. (Primula cortusoides, var. Sieboldii). It looks delicate, but is quite hardy. This two-year old plant has seven stalks of bloom edges of the corolla are cut differently. In colonies that are undisturbed for some years, it is a most profuse bloomer and the long stems make it an excellent primrose for cutting. Whether this is the so-called Bardfield oxlip of England, I do not know. The latter is described as having pale buff- yellow flowers and funnel-shaped corolla and lacking the five bosses of the cowslip and primrose. I only know that my oxlip is of pure English blood and very, very, beau- tiful. England’s common “pale primrose” (P. vulgaris) is likewise rare here, though, I believe it is now naturalized on a small scale in some places. I have seen fine plants grown here from seed, but I have had no success in that direction myself. The few plants that I have were either purchased or brought over from England. They do very well indeed; one of them must have had forty blossoms at once last spring. There is no more beautiful hardy primrose than this and it is much more adaptable to American conditions than most suppose. Here I get into the troubled waters of primula nomenclature — of catalogue con- fusion. I am uncertain whether P. vul- garis or P. acaulis was doubled for the prim- rose lover ; possibly both. I style my double primroses P. acaulis for the reason that so I bought them. I have had complete suc- cess with the white, which is wholly admir- able, and the rose, which is not. Here, in truth, is a neglected flower that is well worth while. Only a few American gardens know it and to one famous collection of hundreds of perennials it has only just been added. “Unless,” says the Rev. P. Mules, an English enthusiast, “these flowers have been seen at their best, and that can only be under the favorable conditions of suit- able soil, pure air, and great experience in culture, no one can imagine their beauty. I have had a bed of the double white carry- ing at one time 4,000 fully expanded blooms, averaging if inches in diameter. Then we have double rose, double mauve, double dark lilac, double cerise, double sulphur, double yellow and double rose white mottled, be- sides these are some bright crimson, making a combination of colors which lend them- selves to many varieties of garden and house decoration.” This is not a quotation to be dismissed with an American “What’s the use!” I can grow beautiful enough double white primroses in my garden and I know that some of the colors will not prove beyond me whenever I manage to get the stock. Generally speaking, the darker the color the more difficult the culture; but, if need be, the red can be protected here by glass cover, or cloche, a practice not un- common in England — where double prim- roses do not do as well in the South as in the North; Ireland is a famous place for them. As for the white and rose, I see that they are in well drained soil, that they have shade and a fair amount of moisture in summer and light protection in winter. That is all and surely not too much pains. With the auricula ( P . auricula ), too, my experience has been that rather than let one’s self be utterly discouraged by the improbability of duplicating English suc- cess, it is better to make a try at it. You never know until you set about it how well you can do. I am one of the few that I know of who grow the auricula on this side of the Atlantic. One big nurseryman says that he can not winter it; but I have had no trouble in so doing. In fact, I find this very choice primula, of the rich velvety bloom, quite tractable. While I do not profess to have “crack” primulas, I have them quite good enough for my own enjoy- ment; and is that not something? I have quite a variety of the common border auri- cula— maroon, mauve and so on — and also the clear pale yellow, which, I take it, is only slightly removed, if at all, from the wild type of the Swiss mountains. The blossoms are smaller than the darker self- colored ones, with yellow or white eye, but no less beautiful. For bedding I regard it as the best, since its tone is definite. The hybrids are innumerable, as one may easily ascertain by planting a choice brand of seed. Germination is slow, and there is a British theory that the weakest looking seedlings are likely to furnish the most de- lightful color surprise. The “paste” auri- culas, the “show” class grown for “points,” it is idle to consider for the American gar- den, excepting under glass. Now for the more remote primulas; Asia has given my garden some of its best. There is P. cortusoides, var. Sieboldii, for one. I have half a dozen named varieties, ranging from white to deep brilliant rose, but the best is Robert Herold — which is rose with a white eye. This is one of the finest spring flowers that I have ever seen, especially in a colony long enough established to furnish a sheet of bloom. Though it looks delicate enough, I find it very hardy; but, unlike most pri- mulas, it leaves no trace of itself above The pale yellow auricula (Primula auricula). This is about the same as the original species of the Swiss Alps and is excellent for bedding purposes ground in winter. It needs sheltering from strong winds; so a rock garden on the edge of shrubbery is a good place for it. Light and rich soil are further requirements. Another disappearing primula, but quite as winter proof, is the Japanese primrose (P. japonica ). It not only carries the primula season along a bit but is an agree- able change in form, the blossoms being arranged in whorls, tier on tier— the stalk of bloom now and then rising to eighteen inches or two feet. In moist spots it may be naturalized and it will self-sow freely. In rich garden loam it does well if not al- lowed to be baked to death in summer. The crimson type varies to white, rose, and cerise, with an occasional pink and white combination that is not very attractive. “The lazy man’s primrose,” Mrs. Stephen Batson call it. “It will live and flower,” she says, “in the shady border of common loam; it will thrive in a damp ditch or in the wild garden, or in the shady rock gar- den, and rabbits will not eat it. Here is an opportunity indeed of getting a showy plant for a mininum of effort, and con- sequently many gardens that cannot dis- play a single plant of P. denticulata run riot in P. japonica.” Speaking of P. denticulata, a lilac prim- rose of the Himalayas, I am growing the beautiful form of it known as P. cash- meriana. This has round heads of small lilac blossoms, that are rather “mealy” and are borne on stems that may exceed a foot in length. The unusually good leaves are also very long. It needs some watching; it is apt to “damp off.” Another trick that it has is the development of the flower buds in fall to the point of bursting. Evi- dently it is used to an early snow blanket. But then a warm autumn will make most primulas try to anticipate spring. Then there is the blue, or Caucasian, primrose (P. amoena). It is a pretty thing, particularly where there is yellow to set it May. 1915 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 207 off, but it is prone to start as blue and wind up with a reddish purple tone. Remains the littlest primrose — the bird’s eye (P. farinosa). This is not very showy, but is a good low plant for spring variety. Some of the other hardy primulas worth trying here, but not so readily obtainable, are P. marginata and the blue variety of the same; the purple P. capitata of the Himalayas and the similar P. Veitchii of interior China; the white P. involucrata and its variety, Monroi , and P . rosea. All the primulas mentioned demand spring sunshine, summer shade, some shelter from the heavy winds, enough rise of ground to insure good drainage and no standing water or ice in cold weather, as well as soil that is at least good and is kept from drying out in summer. Some kinds I have grown successfully in full sunshine, but I favor either the north side of a border or a place where a tree casts partial shade. If they look parched in summer give them a good watering; they make their growth then. Leafmold or cocoa fibre may be spread on the soil to keep it moist. While many in- crease rapidly enough to separate every year, the plants are better off, and more ef- fective, if left undisturbed for two or three years. Separate auriculas in the fall; the others after the spring blooming, by taking the crowns between the fingers and pulling sidewise to untangle the long roots. For winter protection use loose leaves for the most part around the plants. Manure is dangerous; I have known it to kill primulas. If the frost, or the wash of rain, raises the crown of a plant above the ground it should either be reset or more soil placed around it. Where the garden conditions are not suitable, or convenient, for permanent plantings of hardy primulas, there need be no lack of them there in springtime. After flowering dig them up and plant out in rows in partial shade. Then in autumn restore them to the borders, repeating the process every year. With few exceptions they will stand any amount of moving, about. If this is done, leave a few in the temporary rows all winter and early in April pot them for blooming in a window. Getting Fruit in the Fruit Garden — By J. R. Mattern, fy"™, SPRAYING A MODERN NECESSITY, INSURING REGULAR CROPS AND HEALTHY GROWTH— SPECIAL CARE THAT CAN BE EASILY GIVEN IN THE HOME GARDEN IT IS easy to have your fruit trees bear- ing regularly if certain primary re- quirements are met. Some of the things set down here or in the next article are necessities, like spraying and pruning and borer work. Other things, such as the irrigation that will be proposed, and the continuous pinching of the tips and buds, frankly are frills that usually can not be made use of in commercial orchards because they would require too much work or would cost too much. But they can be used in a fruit garden because there the sum total of the work, even when greatest, amounts to so little after all. The suggestions given may be applied in any fruit garden, new or old, large or small, but special attention is given to the fruit garden just planted this spring or last fall. If you grow dwarf fruit trees you should expect to give them extra attention in their pruning and cultivation and feed- ing. Except in a few cases that will be mentioned, the proper culture of dwarf trees is almost the same as the proper cul- ture of standard trees, differing only in degree — the dwarfs require more intensive care. During the last twenty years the methods used in orcharding and in fruit growing have been changed and improved greatly. The methods used by our fathers no longer will grow flawless fruit or pro- duce regular crops. MODERN SPRAYING You can not expect to have healthy trees and plants and to grow flawless fruit with- out spraying. In this century it can’t be done. Be convinced that spraying is one of the essentials. Some of the enemies that may attack your apple and pear trees are the codling moth (which is the parent of the apple worm), curculio, leaf spot or frog eye, scab, measuring worm, bud moth, tent caterpillar, brown rot and bitter rot and sooty fungus, apple blotch and cedar rust. Peaches, plums, cherries and other stone fruits are attacked by curculio, scab, brown rot and leaf spot. Grapes are attacked by black rot, leaf roller and mildews. Strawberries, currants, gooseberries and other berries are attacked by lice, worms, and blights of various kinds. In addition to the enemies named, nearly all the fruits are attacked by San Jose scale, aphids, oyster shell scale and scrufy scale and a few other troubles that need not be named. It is not likely that all or even many of these enemies will attack your trees, but any of them may appear in your garden at any time. You therefore must be prepared to control them all. To identify each of these enemies is a big and confusing job, and it is unnecessary because they all Nowadays spraying is an essential in growing fruit. Use a nozzle that gives a fine mist and don’t omit to get under the leaves as well as over classify into three divisions, and the remedy for every one of those within each division is the same. More than this, the remedies for the different classes may be combined into one spray, and a spraying campaign can be carried out that pretty nearly hits all the enemies. Some spraying always is required and it costs little or nothing addi- tional to carry out a campaign that will clean up the entire list of possible enemies. These three classes of enemies are (i) fungi; (2) chewing insects; and (3) sucking insects. Good examples of fungi are peach leaf curl and the rots of apples. San Jose scale and the aphids are examples of sucking insects. The codling moth and the tent caterpillar are excellent examples of chew- ing insects. Fire blight of pear and apple and yellows of peach are diseases caused by bacteria. They can not be remedied by spraying. The standard remedy for fungi is lime- sulphur solution. The standard remedy for chewing insects is arsenate of lead. For sucking insects several remedies are em- ployed. Lime-sulphur is a chief one of these, but for certain sucking insects whale (or fish) oil soap solution, the so-called soluble oils, or a solution of tobacco have been found well suited. Each one of these is offered in proprietary forms by the manu- facturers which are advised for use in the home garden. The remedy must be ap- plied just at the right time and it must be of the right strength, to be effective. The enemies can be killed or controlled only at certain stages in their develop- ment. At other times no efforts will dis- lodge them. For apple, quince, and pear trees use a lime-sulphur solution at the strength re- commended by the manufacturers, which will be about one and a half gallons of the commercial solution to each fifty gallons of water; or you may use reliable powdered 208 T H E GARDEN M A G A Z I N E May, 1915 lime-sulphur instead of the solution. To this mixture add two pounds of arsenate of lead. Spray the trees three or four times. WHEN TO SPRAY The first time should be right after the buds open into clusters of leaves, just before the bloom opens. Spraying at this time is particularly necessary when certain chew- ing insects and fungi are troublesome. The second spraying should be made as soon as the blossom petals fall and before the calyx lobes close. This probably is the most important spraying of all. It con- trols the apple worms, or most of them, and certain fungi. Do not apply the spray before the petals fall. You will kill the bees if you do. The third spraying should be made three to four weeks after the petals fall. The fourth spraying should be made eight to nine weeks after the petals fall. This last spraying controls the sec- ond brood of apple worms and certain fungi. This spraying campaign will control almost all troubles of apple, quince, and pear trees in most parts of the country. But in certain sections of the South and in some Central states bitter rot, apple blotch and cedar rust are very serious en- emies and require special treatment. To control bitter rot simply substi- tute for the lime-sulphur in the 50 gallons of spray, about ten pounds of com- mercial bordeaux mixture. That is, use ten pounds in each fifty gallons of water, along with the arsenate of lead. Use this solution for the sec- ond and third spraying, using the lime- sulphur combination for the first. If you have reason to believe that the bitter rot will be excessive, spray a fifth and a sixth time, at the beginning of August and along toward the end of August. This bitter rot spraying will control apple blotch also. If bitter rot is not present the apple blotch will be controlled by a slightly weaker bordeaux mixture — say eight pounds of commercial bordeaux mixture instead of ten. Four sprayings are enough to con- trol apple and pear blotch. Cedar rust is a different thing. The only spray that has given me satisfactory control of it has been Atomic Sulphur, a proprietary spraying mixture, using about seven pound's to each fifty gallons of water, with two pounds of arsenate of lead. The first two sprayings with this material are iden- tical in dates with the first two in the regu- should be made one month before the fruit is expected to ripen. San Jose scale can be controlled most ef- fectively by a strong solution of lime-sulphur and such a solution can not be applied to the trees when they are in leaf. It must be applied when the trees are dormant. Use about one gallon of standard com- mercial lime-sulphur solution in each seven to nine gallons of water, depending on the severity of the attack of San Jose scale. This spraying may be done any time after the leaves drop in the fall until just before the leaves open in the spring. Pro- bably it is best done dur- ing the four weeks pro- ceeding the opening of the leaves. Since San Jose scale attacks many differ- ent kinds of fruit trees and fruit plants, it will be necessary that you spray almost all your garden with this strong lime- sulphur during the dor- mant season. If leaf curl attacks your peach trees, the following spring be sure to spray them three to four weeks before the trees are expected to bloom, with this dormant lime- sulphur solution. This will control both the leaf curl and the San Jose scale. Other scales that attack your fruit trees and plants will be controlled to a certain extent by this same spraying in fall or spring. If they still per- sist in their attacks, spray with a solution of fish oil soap, which you can buy in concentrated form, in May .and in August, when the insects hatch and move. Sometimes little lice gather on the under side of the leaves, by the millions. Get after them as soon as you see them, with the soap solu- tion. Grapes should be sprayed with a mixture composed of eight pounds of commercial bordeaux mixture and two pounds of ar- senate of lead, in each fifty gallons of water. Spray the first time as soon as the shoots have pushed out, just before the blossoms come. Spray the second time right after the blossoms go. The third spraying should come two or three weeks after the second, and the fourth about one month before the fruit is expected to ripen. The arsenate of lead should be left out of this fourth spray, and it may be left out of the third if you observe no insects bothering the vines. Strawberries should be sprayed with either lime-sulphur or bordeaux, plus the usual arsenate of lead. Use the same lar spraying campaign outlined. The third spraying should take place ten days after the blossom petals fall, and the fourth spraying three weeks after the petals fall. This cedar rust spraying will control the regular troubles. An additional spraying should be made ten weeks after the blossom petals fall, to catch the second brood of codling moth. Peach, plum, cherry and other stone fruits should be sprayed the same as apple and pear trees, excepting that the solutions With large trees in orchards, use a barrel outfit on a wagon. The second spraying should be made just as the petals fall must be weaker and the dates are a little different. The first spraying for peach, after the growing season starts, should be made ten days after the blossom petals fall, with a solution containing a pound and a half of arsenate of lead to each fifty gallons of water. To this should be added the milk of lime made by slacking three pounds of fresh lime in water, to counteract any tendency of the arsenate of lead burning the leaves. As a further precaution it will pay you to buy a specially made mild form of arsenate of lead. The second spraying should be made about a month after the petals fall. For this spraying use the same proportion of arsenate of lead, the same milk of lime, as was used in the first spraying, and, in addi- tion, three and a half to four quarts of com- mercial lime-sulphur solution, in each fifty gallons of mixture. The third spraying May, 1915 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE *209 strength as for apples or grapes. Spray them the first time early in the spring, right after the lea-ves have come out, and again after the blossoms have fallen. Currants and gooseberries and the other berries should be sprayed in fall, winter or spring with the dormant or strong lime-sulphur solution. They ought to be sprayed a couple of times during the growing season, with lime-sulphur and arsenate of lead, same strength as for apples and strawberries. Make the first application before the blos- soms come out, and the second two or three or four weeks after the bloom is gone. If mildew and blight bother much, use the bordeaux mixture instead of the lime - sulphur solution, of course with lead added. If worms bother them about the time the fruit will be ripe, so that lead should not be used, dust with hellebore powder. Practical Plans for the Home Grounds III. The Square Corner Lot — By Ruth Dean, Land£eYDorrer’ (Editors’ Note — One article in this series of layout plans appears each month , and each one approaches a problem totally different from the others. Complete planting plans are not given here , as the object is to discuss the layout in general. Several planting plans will be found in the issues for February and April from which the garden maker may adapt details to fit his own case.) ON A small corner lot, about 125 x no ft. in extent, no very pre- tentious garden is possible, nor, for that matter, desirable. But the house which is often planted thought- lessly in the middle of the lot, cutting up the ground, so that four useless spaces of ap- proximately the same size result, can be so placed as to make room for a very pleasant flower garden. Small as this must neces- sarily be, it need not seem cramped. By making the paths few and green spaces and flower stretches proportionately large, an effect of space is gained, which would not be the result if many paths cut the garden into small sections. The house is placed 35 feet from the road, with a simple brick path leading to the door. A walk from the side street to the kitchen entrance leaves an unbroken lawn space at the front, and the garage is also entered from the side street. High plant- ing about the garage mitigates, somewhat, the undesirability of its close proximity to the flower garden. It is a bit difficult to connect the garden with such a house as this, for no window or door offers itself as a convenient and fitting point from which to run an axis. The garden must be laid out independently, and yet be connected in some way with the house. The piazza as a starting point for the main garden path is about the only solution for this problem. On centre with the piazza, at the end of a flower bordered stretch of turf, is a good sun dial or garden figure. If statuary be used it must be chosen with discrimination, for the garden is small and demands a figure in scale. The dial or figure stands on a circular base, made of used brick, or “seconds,” which contribute a pleasant air of age to the new-made garden, laid so as to radiate from the centre. Back of this, a seat offers a pleasant spot from which to enjoy the garden. Surrounding this little out-door room is a clipped privet hedge, the corners of which are two or three inches higher than the main hedge, squared, and topped by a round finial of privet. Within this main hedge, the flower beds are surrounded by a small low-growing hedge of box, or six-inch barberry planted very close, and clipped. A white-painted gate in the hedge leads from the little, cir- cular rose garden, to the drying green and the kitchen wing of the house. Back of the privet boundary, tall-growing shrubs form a screen to bestow desirable privacy upon the garden, and two or three good timber trees, such as oak, hard maple or elm, give it an air of permanence and dignity. About the lawn’s edge, an ir- regular shrubbery border shuts off the street. If the house were colonial, a clipped hedge, trimmed round or dome-shaped, at the entrances would be in keeping with the staid primness of the house, although it would not so soon gain privacy, as shrubs allowed to grow unhampered. The corner lot with streets on two sides is usually best handled by putting the house a little off the center. The piazza serves to connect the house and garden. Few walks and broad open areas of green give a sense of space How Everybody Can Have Lilies— By h. e. Giikey> as SOME EASILY GROWN KINDS THAT MAY BE INCREASED IN YOUR OWN GARDEN FROM A FEW BULBS BOUGHT NOW— RAISING FROM SCALES AND FROM SEED THERE is an enchantment about lily growing that is contagious. If you have the right spirit, you want to have a supply large enough to furnish all your less fortunate friends with a bunch. That spirit will cause you to succeed, too. Like all amateur enthusiasts, you see the rosy side of the cloud. You have just come from a neighbor’s garden where you have inhaled the exquisite fragrance of a clump of gold-banded lilies. There they The gold-banded lily of Japan (L. auratum) is especially gorgeous, and well worth finding a place for were, massed together in a cool nook set in a background of tall rhododendrons. The vision enchanted you. The majesty of their size, the purity of their whiteness, the warmth of their gold, the grace of their exquisitely curled and crested segments, the sweetness of their matchless fragrance, all these have combined such an array as to benumb the senses. To the flower lover, rare moments like these are glimpses into heaven. That’s how I got my enthusiasm for lilies. But you have seen nothing but the joys of lily growing. If you had been discern- ing, you would have marked the vacant spaces in that planting. Those weren’t left there bv the design of the gardener. They mark the place where a bulb has rot- ted and of course not come up at all, or where one has sud- denly withered away after giving all in- dications of a success- ful career. Those va- cancies are rather more frequent than the gardener could wish for. When you ask him what the l trouble is, he replies in awed tones, “Lily Disease.” If he is wise, he will not try to give you full direc- tions for the eradication of the disease. He couldn’t do it. No man has yet, al- though he may tell you to wash the bulbs in a solution of copper sulphate or a dozen other remedies. The fact remains, that the lily disease is here, although some lilies are affected in a more serious manner than others. Some species are apparently not affected at all. This gives the problem a hopeful aspect. If we desire to grow lilies, then let us confine ourselves to immune species and to those which are only slightly subject to the ravages of the disease. A great deal of trouble can be avoided by taking pains with the preparation of the bed. Make the soil deep. Two feet is not too much. Look at the root-system of Lilium Henryii. Notice what an enormous stem-root system it has. This bulb was planted twelve inches deep measuring from the bottom of the bulb. Its roots went six inches deeper yet. Stem roots are thrown out regularly until the very surface of the ground is reached. There they stop. When the bulbs of this species are planted less deep- ly, there are few stem-roots. Within reason- able limits, the depth of the bulb determines the number of stem-roots and indirectly the vigor of the whole plant above ground. Good drainage is essential when deep planting is practised. When the ground is liable to remain saturated for any great length of time, the bulbs will be in danger of decay. Yet I have seen the leopard lily growing rampantly in the very bed of a mountain stream, with water covering the bulb. But the drainage was perfect. Few, even among the natives of Cali- fornia, have seen the leopard lily at home. It dwells in the steep canons of the Coast Ranges, as well as in the Sierras. Right in the very bed of the stream, it is often found, although it seems to thrive best on the margin. In the winter that mountain stream is a raging torrent, dashing dowrn the steep gorge of the canon. Below that mad flood of water lie the leopard lilies. In the summer the brook is peaceful enough. But the lilies are in their full glory now. The gorge is full of them, great masses of orange and vermilion, this time a living stream of molten copper, the waves Henry’s lily (L. Henryi) showing the stem roots. On left a bulbel after one year’s growth How a bulb is produced from a scale. A simple means of increase for many lilies of tawny blossoms ever advancing and receding in the sway of the west wind. Getting back to the consideration of making lily growing more certain by intelligent culture, one of the prime essentials is to have the soil free from fungous diseases or path- ological d i s - orders. Keep the soil sweet. Put lots of lump charcoal in the drain- age. There is a chemical rea- son for this. Charcoal is al- most pure car- bon and has the effect of breaking up in- jurious organ- ic acids into carbon dioxid and water. The water is harmless and the carbon dioxid passes off into the air. You have no- ticed this upon tasting your soda after leav- ing it exposed to the air for a few minutes. All that remained was sweetened water. The carbon dioxid had escaped. When you place lumps of charcoal in your drainage and a little powdered charcoal near the base of the bulbs, you are helping greatly in keeping the soil sweet. Avoid stable manure. It is almost sure to cause the loss of all your bulbs through the lily disease. Supply humus from some other source. Leaf-mold is perhaps the most easily obtained, although peat is largely used in England. Peat has the advantage of being freer from fungous contamination. However, leaf - mold can be rendered practically sterile of injurious fungi by ex- posing it to the sun for a few days before incorporating it in the soil of your beds. The problem of getting leaf-mold is a serious one in the city. Make your own leaf-mold. Reserve a corner of the back- yard where you can dig a pit for the leaves as they are gathered up in the fall. A large box will answer 210 May, 191 •> T HE G A R 1) E N MAGAZIN E ">1 1 stalks have dried and fallen, dig up your old bulbs of L. candidum and remove the scales. Bend the scales outward, using care Raising lilies from seed, showing depth to plant, compost and drainage (2} inch pot) the same purpose, or even a loose pile will suffice. There are plenty of maples, elms, and box-elders along many city streets. Your neighbors will thank you for removing their leaves. They don’t realize what they are losing. Usually they burn them. If you want rto have well rotted mold ready by the next spring, get all the old cabbage leaves you can to mix with the rest of the leaves. They decay rapidly and supply a culture medium for the propagation of millions of bacteria which spread through the whole pile and bring about its rapid decomposition. Try it. The mild winters of the Western and Southern states permit the leaves to decay more quickly than they do in colder regions. You will have to learn the best exposure for your lilies yourself. Some particular part of the garden will be found to be best adapted for their culture. It is not wise to go to the extreme of trying to imitate ex- actly the condition found where any partic- ular species grows wild. It is safe to give the majority of the species one kind of treatment that is a mean between their various natural environments. I have found the best position to be in the shade of de- ciduous trees of loose habit. I prefer full sun to complete shade. Never place the bulbs close to the exposed south wall of a building. After you have conquered the problems of soil and exposure, you will be ready to extend your efforts to broader fields. Don’t be satisfied with a small annual increase in your stock of bulbs. Try multiplying them by means of detached scales, or if they can be induced to bear seed, raise young seed- lings. The results will be gratifying. GROWING FROM SCALES It is an easy matter to have hundreds of the Madonna lily (Lilium candidum) growing, if you have the room for them. This is not an idle conjecture but comes as the result of actual trial, in several instances by persons inexperienced in the fine arts of gardening. About midsummer, after the An ideal lily situation, the roots are kept cool and well drained. (Gold banded lily among rhododendrons) to see that they snap off near their junction with the base of the bulb. Use only the outer scales and replant the small central part of the bulb left. A good old bulb will supply fifty or more scales which are large and firm enough to use in propagation. Fill a shallow box or seed fiat with sand to the depth of an inch and a half. Press the scales into the sand in an approximately vertical position. Then fill the box with sand and press it down so as to leave a final depth of two and a half or three inches. An ordinary flat, eighteen inches square and three inches deep, will hold two hundred scales. Keep the fiats well watered and in less than a month you will be able to make out one or two little buds arising from the base of each scale. It is a good idea to keep yourself informed as to the state of growth by digging down occasionally into one corner of the flat. It doesn’t hurt the scales, and it will often prevent disaster. By the middle of fall you should have fair sized little bulbels formed, and they should throw up one or two leaves. At this stage they should be transplanted to a specially prepared bed in the open. If this is impracticable, sprinkle some fine bone-meal over the surface of the flat and work it into the sand. Get as much growth as you can the first year. A few will bloom the third year, and after that you will be able to display this exquisite lily in profus- ion. Just think of the show that even two hundred of these lilies would make. Lilium candidum is about the easiest of the lilies to reproduce by means of scales. Still, there are several others almost as easy for the beginner. The varieties of L. longiflorum are all easy to propagate by means of scales, but you will not get such a large percentage of bulbels for the number of scales planted. The tiger lily (L. tig- rinum) is another easy one. L. testaceum is so much like candidum that it should prove a tractable subject. It is rather ex- pensive but that is all the more reason for trying it. Your returns will be greater if you do succeed. The natives of California are not difficult if you perform the opera- tion early in Autumn. The leopard lily is especially amenable to propagation by this method. LILIES FROM SEEDS You can purchase bulbs of practically all these lilies now, plant them out and have flowers this season. The Madonna lily however is best set out in late summer. You can also grow your lilies from seed. This is probably the surest way to combat the lily disease. Any plant will deteriorate when it is propagated for a series of genera- tions by vegetative means. By raising seedlings the resulting plants will have a greatly increased vitality. All of the western lilies produce good crops of seed. The coral lily (Lilium tenui- folium) can be relied upon to bear an abundance of seeds. It will bloom in from one to two years. You have to wait that long for your perennials. Lilium Henrvii is as easy to raise from seed as any gar- den vegetable. The lovely new L. myrio- phyllum and L. Sargentiae are equal to L. Henryii in this respect. It takes four years to raise the seedlings to blooming size. The secret of success lies in getting them safely over the first year. They should make as much growth as pos- sible during that year. Keep the soil light Lilies and poppies in wild planting effects T H E G A R D E N M A G A Z I N E May, 1915 2H and sweet, and keep the seed boxes wet but never soggy. A good compost consists of one part sharp sand, one part leaf-mold or ground peat, and one part soil free from manure contamination. Add a quantity of char- coal dust and mix thoroughly. The seed flat should be a foot square and three inches deep, with narrow cracks in the bot- tom. Cover the bottom with three quarters of an inch of broken charcoal lumps. Fill your flat full of loose compost after the drainage is in place. While the soil is still loose, press it once into each corner. Then smooth the soil off, level with the edges of the flat, by means of any conveni- ent straight edged stick. Press the soil down firmly and evenly with a flat block of wood. You are now ready to plant the seed. Make small furrows across the surface THE peony is such a strong and sturdy perennial that one would hardly suspect it of being subject to diseases such as frequently attack the more frail and delicate flowers of our garden. Yet it is only necessary to ob- serve a peony planting during the course of one season to be convinced that like other plants they too are subject to ills of one kind or an- other. At least seven different maladies are known to affect peonies in eastern United States. There are doubtless numerous others, for the study of the diseases of the peony is scarcely be- gun. Plant doctors have generally given their attention to crops of more economic im- portance. Yet to the grower and lover of this beautiful perennial it is most important that the diseases which threaten his favorite be carefully investi- gated and means for their control discov- ered. The first step in guarding against dis- eases, be they in ani- mals or plants, is to be of the firmed soil about a quarter of an inch deep and an inch apart. Place the seeds three quarters of an inch apart. Cover the seeds, press the soil down with a block of wood, and water immediately. Place the flat in a shaded coldframe, or in a lath shed, or on the north side of a sheltered tree or bush. To secure a good supply of seed, it is ad- visable to hand pollinate each flower. Take an anther from another flower which has just opened and is beginning to shed its pollen. Apply it to the sticky stigmatic surface, the knob-like end of the pistil, until it is well covered. It takes from two to four months for the big, angled capsules to form and ripen. When fully mature the capsules split open and the flat brown seeds will be blown away if you are not watchful. Plant them immediately after gathering. able to recognize one from another. As in the case of animals, so with plants, all dis- eases are not equally dangerous. Each has its peculiar symptoms and by these symptoms we distinguish them. The symp- toms of the more common peony diseases are quite striking and may be readily learned by the layman. The different parts of the plant, root, stem, leaf and blos- som are subject to disease. Some diseases affect only the roots, others only the leaves. Other maladies exhibit their effects on all the parts of the plant. Of the diseases of the roots, probably because the roots are buried from sight, we seem to know least. Before planting out the peony roots purchased from the nursery- man, they should be carefully examined for root rot or decay. There seem to be several sorts of root rots but as yet our knowledge is too limited to distinguish between them. If there are rotted roots these should be carefully cut away and the healthy roots washed thoroughly before planting out. Sometimes the roots will be found to be much dwarfed and clustered with swollen places in them. The crown at the base of the buds or stalks will show swellings. This is the root gall disease. Such plants will scarcely be worth plant- ing out, for the shoots that come from them will be short and spindling and give no blossoms. Even with the best of care and treatment they seldom or never recover, and while they may linger on from year to year are only a source of irritation and dis- appointment. They had best be discarded at once. There are several very striking diseases of the peony that affect the leaves only. If you find that the young seedlings are too crowded in the seed flat, you can trans- plant them readily, if you do it while they are still small, before the tap-root is more than an inch long. Prick them out an inch and a half apart in flats, or put them in two- inch pots and plunge the pots up to their rims in soil. Place lump charcoal in the bottom of the pot and fill it full with loose compost. Make a hole for the seedling and upon transferring it, press the soil with the fingers. Give the pot a rap to settle the soil evenly, and the job is done. After completing a year’s growth the bulbs should be removed to a specially pre- pared bed, the making of which I have al- ready described. Place the small bulbs four inches apart each way and allow them to remain undisturbed until they finally bloom. Then the bulbs will be large enough to set in their permanent positions. The familiar wilt of stems indicates the presence of the Botrytis disease Perhaps the most peculiar is the rather rare “mosaic” disease. One occasionally finds in a strong thrifty cluster a few stalks the leaves of which, though normal in size and living in every part, show a most striking mottling in the form of alternating band- like rings of dark and light green color. Such plants do not appear to die out or bloom less profusely, yet it is clearly a dis- eased condition. Until more is known of the malady it would hardly be wise to more than cut out the diseased stalks. Another disease of the leaves, long known and very common, is the Cladiosporium leaf blotch. This is a fungous disease, doubtless brought to this country from Europe, where it is very common. It is readily distinguished by the large purple blotches on the upper surface of the leaves; below, the spots are brown. This usually appears after flowering and is not dangerous. It gives the plants an untidy appearance, however, and is undesirable where a clean green foliage throughout the season is re- quired. The prompt removal and destruc- Keeping the Peonies in Health By H. H. Whetzel , Cornell University CONSPICUOUS SYMPTOMS OF THE TROUBLES THAT ATTACK THIS POPULAR GARDEN PLANT — WHAT YOU CAN DO TO IMPROVE THEIR CONDITION AND PREVENT THE SPREADING OF DISEASE The bud blight. The felt of spores is seen at A ; the banded colors on the stem just above B May, 19 1 .5 T HE G A R DEN M AGAZIN E 213 tion (by burning) of diseased leaves, before the fungus can produce a crop or spores to infect other leaves, is the only practical way of controlling the trouble. The anthracnose affects both stems and leaves of the peony, producing rather small dark purple-red spots with whitish centres. On the stems the spots or cankers may run together to form long strips of dead tissue, in severe cases weakening the stalk so it may break over. The spots on the leaves are circular in severe cases, coalescing but usually scattered. The light colored centre sometimes drops out. To prevent the appearance of the disease another season cut and burn the tops early, cutting at or below the surface of the soil. The most destructive and most fre- quently appearing disease of the peony plant is without doubt the Botrytis blight. This disease affects all parts of the plant except the root and it is possible that one of the crown or root rots may be but a manifestation of this malady. The Bo- trytis blight is often very destructive, espe- cially in wet seasons. All varieties of the peony seem to be about equally susceptible. The first symptom of this disease appears shortly after the young shoots appear above ground and before they have expanded their foliage. Affected shoots suddenly wilt and fall over. Examination shows them to be rotting at the base, usually at the level of the ground. It is seldom that all the shoots in a cluster wilt, though not infrequently half or more of them may be thus destroyed. The buds afe next to be attacked. Some- times it is the very young buds which turn black and die. They are said to have “blasted.” The buds are more often attacked, how- ever when full grown and just before they open. They turn brown and fail to expand. On breaking or cutting into the diseased bud it is found to be a mass of rather soft brown rotten petals. The rot usually extends down the stem from the diseased bud for several inches. The leaves are this disease forms small tuberlike black bodies in the diseased stems. These sclerotia, as they are called, are about the size of a pin head and are produced in great numbers just under the epidermis. Here on the old stems or stubble they pass the winter in a dormant state. In the spring as the new peony shoots are coming up these sclerotia germinate, producing stalks bearing minute spores. These spores are blown by the wind or splashed by the rain against the young shoots near by. Here they germin- ate, and infect the tender stalks. Within four or five days thereafter the stalks wilt and droop as a result of the rotting of the tissues by the pathogen. In a few days more, these dying young shoots are covered with a felt of spore stalks and spores, a new crop to serve for the inoculation of other shoots and growing buds. The un- opened buds of the peony exhude a sugary secretion in which the spores of the Botrytis germinate very readily. Ants which visit the buds to lap up the sweetness run over diseased spore covered stalks, on their way up to the buds on healthy stems and so bring the spores on their feet. These spores are left behind as the insect wades about in the sugary exhudate. A few days later the bud begins to turn brown and rots as already des- cribed. The diseased bud in its turn now becomes covered with the spores of the pathogen which are distributed by ants and wind to other buds and to the leaves, there to germinate and produce more rotting and blighting. This Botrytis disease is to be con- trolled only by the most rigid and prompt eradication of diseased shoots, buds and leaves. Spraying has been tried, but has not proven very satisfactory. Inspect the plants every day until after blossoming time at least, removing every wilted stalk or diseased bud and burn them. Cut the tops early in the autumn, remov- ing the soil from the crowns and cut- ting the stems down as close as pos- sible and burn the refuse. It is in the old stubble that this pest lives from year to year. next to show the effects of the blight fungus. Large dead spots make their appearance, usually starting at the tip of the leaf. The affected part turns brown, dries out quickly and becomes brittle. The blighting of the foliage is usually most apparent during the latter part of the season. It is especi- ally severe if the weather be wet. The Botrytis fun- gus which causes This root is badly affected by root gall and is not worth planting When the plants show anthracnose cut the tops early in fall and burn them (Purple-red spots with whitish centres) The strange mosaic disease which apparently does not seriously injure Blighted leaves, another evidence of the Botrytis. The under surface has the spores Leaf blotch. Prompt removal and burning of the leaves is the remedy A Hundred Native Perennials for the Wild Garden By Norman Taylor, Brooklyn Botanic Garden THE following selection of native perennials, lists only those most easily grown, the most satisfac- tory and the showiest. Among several hundred relatives, these have been selected for general excellence and their availability. All can be purchased from dealers in native plants, many of them the wild-gardener will delight to collect from the field and wood. They are all native in eastern North America and are per- fectly hardy. Perhaps no form of gardening is so per- manently satisfactory as the collection of native plants, many of which are just as fine as the sorts from foreign countries, and artistically much more fitting to the average American country home. Many of the species, listed in the table, can be grown, too, in ordinary city gardens, not- ably Nos. 3, 5, 17, 20, 24, 25, 35, 38, 40, 43, 44, 45, 46, 49, 68, 69, 70, 76, 85, 87, 88, 89, 94, and some others. Cultural requirements will be found in the column Remarks and. Notes. To the wild-gardener with more scope, many ways of using the table will suggest themselves. For instance, late autumn effects can be secured by selecting Nos. 24, 25, 4.3, 44, 45,. 46, 52, 69, 70, 71, 72, 85, 87, and 88. Again, for tall bold effects Nos. 20, 21, 24, 25, 38, 40, 41, 44, 45, 46, 50, 52, and 71 will be found useful. Some of the plants require for perfect development a situation imitating, as closely as possible, the forest-tloor con- ditions of our woodlands. For these a mixture of leafmold and sand is almost necessary, and shade. As a general rule it is better to let them grow and spread naturally than to attempt to confine them. A mulch of leaves is advisable in the fall, removing not quite all the leaves early in the spring. A list of these natural wood- land species includes Nos. 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 23, 26, 27, 28, 30, 31, 32, 33, 47, 57, 58, 61, 62, 64, 66, 73, 89, 95, 97, . 98, 99, and .IO°- The increasing popularity of bog gar- dening has led to the selection of Nos. 39, 54, 59, 60, 65, 67, and 72. These should not be grown unless one has an undrained swamp or bog, preferably in the open sun- light. If grown in living sphagnum moss so much the better. There are a score or more other bog species, that should be added if one is going to develop a really good collection, including some of the sun- dews. For carpeting open ledges or other places Nos. 37, 49, and 82 may be used to ad- vantage, depending on the locality and habitat-preference of each. For those who are interested in the medicinal qualities of plants, and medicinal-herb growing is becoming increasingly profitable, Nos. 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 17, 19, 20, 22, 27, 34, 40, 50, 58, 61, 76, 81, 93, and 100 will form the nucleus of such a garden. Numberless other ways of using the table will sug- gest themselves to the ingenious wild gardener. The plants are arranged under their respective colors, about in the order of their flowering, so that by using the list as a planting table the gardener can have a succession of flowers for each color, throughout the season. COMMON NAME BOTANICAL NAME HEIGHT IN INCHES TIME OF BLOOMING SPECIAL REMARKS AND CULTURAL NOTES WHITE Early Spring • 1. Early Saxifrage Saxifraga virginiensis 4-6 April-May On rocky ledges in the open the plant is at home, but may be grown in shady places. A profuse bloomer. 2. Trailing Arbutus Epigtea repens Prostrate April-May Hard to naturalize. Keep transplanted clumps covered with oak leaves for one year. Most fragrant native flower. 3. Shooting Star Dodecatheon Meadia 6-10 April-May Will do best in moist open places but can be grown in ordinary garden soil. Petals reflexed and showy. Mid-Spring 4. Bloodroot Sanguinaria canadensis 6-8 May-June Prefers rich, moist places, under trees or shrubs. Best used in masses. Leaves follow the flowers. 5. Mandrake Podophyllum peltatum 8-12 May Prefers shade, but may be grown in open sunlight. Flowers half hidden by large showy leaves. Fruit edible. 6. Mitre wort Mitella diphylla 5-9 June Shaded banks or under deciduous trees the best spot for growth. Raceme long and showy. Plant in masses. 7. Anemone Anemone nemorosa 6-8 May More hardv than the delicate, wind flower. Best grown in shade but partial sunlight will serve. 8. Indian Cucumber Medeola virginica 9-15 May The flower borne from among the whorl of dark green leaves. Shade and moisture preferable. root 9. False Lily-of-the- Valley 10. Gold-thread Smilacina bifolia 4-7 May Best grown in large clumps, in moist shaded places. The dark glossy foliage is an effective contrast with the flowers. Coptis trifolia 4-6 May In masses it makes beautiful showing, the sturdy flowers standing well above the glossy green foliage. xi. Rue Anemone Thalictrum anemonoides 4-7 May Delicate and must be shielded from high winds. Does best in leaf-mold under shade. Do not water too freely. 12. Wake Robin Trillium cernuum 6-9 May Not so showy as No. 18 but a profuse bloomer. Flower-stalks recurved and half concealing the blooms. Shade best. 13. Toothwort Dentaria diphylla 4-6 May Must be grown under shade. Several wild relatives may be collected. Not very showy but good. 14. White Violet Viola blanda 4-8 May Can be grown in ordinary garden conditions, but prefers some shade. Seeds very freely and makes clumps. Late Spring 15. Foam Flower Tiarella cordifolia 6-8 May-June Planted in large mats the profusion of feathery white flowers suggest its common name. Does best in shade, away from coast. 16. Star-flower Trientalis americana 6-8 June Best naturalized in masses under trees. Leaf-mold and moisture best for its growth. Keep from sweeping winds. 17. Baneberry Actaea alba 10-20 June Loves leaf-mold and shade, but can be grown in more open places. Persistent white berries, showy. 18. Showy Trillium Trillium grandiflorum 8-12 June The most beautiful of all the tribe; flowers 1-2 in. across. Best grown on shaded banks or under trees. 19. Dwarf Cornel Comus canadensis 6-8 June A miniature dogwood. Like No. 18 it is partial to moderate elevations. If near the coast plant on north slope. 20. Snakeroot C'imicifuga racemosa 20-35 June Can be grown anywhere. Its tall spikes very effective in clumps. Many other “snakeroots” can be collected. Summer 21. Stenanthium Stenanthium robustum 12-30 June- July Large clusters of flowers overtopping the long grass-like leaves make this little known plant attractive. Open places. 22. Colic root Aletris farinosa 4-10 June-July Its long spike erect from a rosette of sword shaped leaves. In open places, with sand, and moisture. 23. Dalibarda Dalibarda repens Prostrate July-Sept. Does not grow well too near the coast. Its profusion of small blossoms useful after the spring exodus. Autumn 24. Culver’s Root Veronica virginica 10-25 July-Aug. The large showy spikes last for 2 to 3 weeks. Can be grown in open beds or under shade. Seeds sparingly. 25. Aster YELLOW Aster corymbosus 18-25 Aug.-Oct. A profuse bloomer that can be grown in dry and sandy places. Dozens of wild relatives can be collected. Spring 26. Dutchman’s Breeches Dicentra Cucullaria 4-6 Early April Should be grown in moist rich places. Flowers often more cream than yellow. Leaves feathery. 27. Dog’s-tooth “ Violet ” 28. Yellow Violet Erythronium Americana 4-7 May Best planted in masses. The underground stems tend to make the clumps migrate. Moist places preferable. Viola rot undifolia 5-8 May Will not grow luxuriantly near the sea. Plant in shade, with plenty of leaf-mold. Leaves dark glossy green. 29. Yellow Violet Viola pubescens 6-9 May Can be grown in ordinary garden soil, with or without moisture. Spreads rapidly and seeds freely. 30. Belhvort Uvularia grandiflora 10-15 June In deep shade or under shrubs this best of all the wild bell worts will grow nicely. Leaf-mold is best. 31. Clintonia Clintonia borealis 6-9 June Must not be grown near the sea. Deep shade and leaf-mold the best. Flowers in terminal umbels. 32. Yellow Lady’s- Slipper* Cypripedium parviflorum 5-8 May-June Treatment similar to No. 33. Flowers more delicate, but more free-blooming. A rare wild species. 33. Yellow Lady’s- Slipper Cypripedium pubescens 6-10 June Must be grown in deep shade in soil made of leaf-mold and sand, equal parts. Mulch with leaves. 34. Heuchera Heuchera americana 15-20 June Flowers, often tinged with brown, in long racemes. The mottled leaves are attractive. Garden conditions will do. Summer 35- Loosestrife Lysimachia quadrifolia 10-18 June-July Its pretty, bright green leaves, verticillate in 4’s, half hide the pretty flowers. Open moist places best. 36, Star-grass Hypoxis erecta 4-7 June-July Can be planted in individual clumps or for mass effects. Ordinary garden conditions will serve. 37. Sedum Sedum acre Prostrate July Makes quick growing mats on rocky ledges or in ordinary garden soil. Can easily be divided any time. 38. Thorneopsis 39. Yellow fringed Orchid Thorneopsis cardiniana 12-20 July Ordinary garden conditions will serve. But do not disturb when once planted. Racemes tall and showy. Habenana ciliaris 8-15 July Must be grown in an undrained swamp or bog, preferably in sphagnum. One of the most beautiful native orchids. 40. Senna Cassia marilandica 30-50 July-Aug. Large showy clusters of pea-like flowers. Can be grown in ordinary open beds. Profuse bloomer. 41. False Indigo Baptisia tinctoria 20-35 July-Aug. Will thrive in dry, sandy open places and makes bushy plants. Flowers not large, pea-like. 42. Coreopsis Coreopsis lanceolata 10-18 July-Oct. Can be grown anywhere. Profuse bloomer, even after first light frosts. Spreads rapidly, in patches. 2U May, 1915 THE G A R D E N M A G A Z I N E 215 COMMON NAME BOTANICAL NAME HEIGHT IN INCHES TIME OF BLOOMING SPECIAL REMARKS AND CULTURAL NOTES Autumn 43. Scented Golden Rod 44. Golden Rod 45. Wild Sunflower 46. Sneezeweed Solidago odora Solidago canadensis Helianthus giganteus Helenium autumnale 15-25 40-50 60-100 30-40 August Aug.-Sept. Aug. -Sept, Sept. Chiefly interesting for its beautiful fragrant leaves. Not so profuse a bloomer as No. 44. Indifferent habitat preference. Will grow anywhere. Scores of less desirable wild relatives can be dug from the fields successfully. Large showy flowers and great size make it useful for bold effects in the open border. Apparently indifferent as to habitat. Can be used with Nos. 25, 42, 43, 44, and 94 for autumnal color. PINKS AND RED 47. Twisted Stalk 48. Rock Pink 49. Moss-pink 50. Oswego Tea 51. Cardinal Flower 52. Marsh Mallow Streptopus roseus Silene pennsylvanica Phlox subulata ivlonarda didyma Lobelia cardinalis Hibiscus Moscheutos 15-18 5-8 4-6 25-40 20-35 25-40 May May May -June June-Sept. July- Aug. Aug.-Sept. A shy bloomer, best grown away from the sea and under shade. Leaf-mold and sand make best soil. Masses of bright rose-pink flowers make this useful. Grow in dry open sunny places, or on ledges. Some color forms almost magenta, others white. The best of all coverings for rocky ledges. Fragrant mint-scented herb with large scarlet blossoms. Best grown in ordinary garden soil. Magnificent scarlet flowers in tall spikes. Best suited to moist shaded places, but will thrive in open. Growing naturally in salt marshes, it is perfectly at home in the ordinary garden. W hite and scarlet forms known. PURPLE AND PINK PURPLE Spring 53. Bird’s-foot Violet 54. Swamp Pink 55. Hepatica 56. Cranesbill 57. Showy Orchis 58. Wild Ginger 59. Calopogon 60. Pitcher-plant Viola pedata Helonias bullata Hepatica triloba Geranium carolinianum Orchis spectabilis Ascorum canadense Calopogon pulchellus Sarracenia purpurea 4-6 4-6 4-7 6-12 4-8 6-8 10-12 6-10 April-May April-May April-May May May May May May Will carpet the ground in a few years. Some strains are almost blue, others nearly magenta. Showy flowers from a basal rosette of leaves. Can be planted with Nos. 39, 59, 60, 65, 67, and 72 in bogs. Prefers moist woods, but can be grown in open beds. Many plants have white or lilac flowers. Can be grown anywhere. Its more delicate relative the herb-robert, G. Robertianum, prefers rich woods. Needs shaded moist places, not under evergreens. Flower cluster solitary, often tinged with white. Flowers almost in the ground, reflexed, and brownish-purple. Large showy leaves and spicy root. Plant in masses in the bog. The long shining sword shaped leaves are showy also. Grown quite as much for its odd pitcher-shaped leaves as the single recurved flower. Bog plant. Late Spring 61. Lady’s Slipper 62. Wake-robin 63. Meadow Beauty 64. Gay- Wings 65. Pogonia 66. Showy Lady’s- Slipper Cypripedium acaule Trillium erect um Rhexia virginica Polygala panucifolia Pogonia ophioglossoides Cypripedium spectabile 8-12 6-9 6-10 3-5 6-8 10-15 May- June May-June June June June June Grows with C. pubescens, but is much harder to establish. Leaf-mold and sand, equal parts, are necessary. In moist shaded places it will thrive best, but not under evergreens. Plant in large patches. Should be grown in moist places, preferably along a stream bank. The yellow stamens are striking. One of the most beautiful American woodland plants, with fringed, purple flowers. Must have shade. Must be grown in undrained swamps or bogs. Do not disturb when once established. Grows best in dry woods. Never disturb the surface soil when once established. Profuse bloomer. Summer to Autumn 67. Purple fringed Orchid 68. Poppy Mallow 69. Bush Clover 70. Tich-trefoil 71. Fire-weed 72. Sabbatia Habenaria psychodes Callirrhoe involucrata Lespedeza capitata Desmodium canadensis Epilobium angustifolium Sabbatia chloroides 10-15 10-20 15-25 10-20 30-40 8-10 July July-Aug. July-Aug. July-Aug. July-Sept. August Should be grown in a bog, or at least in low swampy place, in the open sunlight. Does not propagate easily. Large showy flowers in single stalks. Can be grown in open, and in dry sandy places. Does splendidly in open dry places. A profuse bloomer and makes almost shrubby plants. Can be used with No. 69 which it resembles in color, but the leaves are handsomer. Spreads rapidly. In open dry places it makes patches of blazing color in mid-summer. Often need staking. Makes large mats if left undisturbed for a few years. Must be grown in open boggy place. BLUE AND VIOLET Spring 73. Violet 74. Violet 75. Dwarf Iris 76. Fleur-de-Lis 77. Spider- wort 78. Hare Bell 79. Jacob’s-Ladder Viola canadensis Viola cucullata Iris pumila Iris versicolor Tradescantia virginica Campanula rotundifolia Polemonium coeruleum 5- 7 6- 9 6-9 10-15 8-15 6- 10 7- 12 May May May May May May May-June A woodland species, best grown in partial shade. A prolific bloomer and spreading rapidly. The most free flowering and hardy native species, frequently making clumns one foot across; in the open. Prefers moist open meadows, and must be grown in moist place. A delicate little gem. Habitat preference same as No. 75, but it can be grown successfully in open garden beds. Best grown in moist shaded places, but can be grown in open, if there is moisture. Flowers blue. On open rocky ledges it will thrive as well as in ordinary garden soil. Early leaves round. Splendid clusters of blue flowers, crowning a lot of divided leaves. Partial to a little shade. Summer 80. Lupine 81. Giant Lobelia 82. Bluets S3. Marsh-Pea 84. Virginia Cowslip Lupinus perennis Lobelia syphilitica Houstonia coerulea Lathyrus palustris Mertensia virginica 9-i5 15-30 4-6 7-10 6-12 June July July July-Aug. June- July One of the most beautiful blue-flowered natives. Can be grown in open, sandy places, but do not move. In moist rich woods this showy blue-flowered beauty will thrive. Often makes large clumps. Plant in patches, it will carpet the ground in moist places and make a “sea of blue.” Will grow in ordinary garden soil in the open. Showy, pea-like flowers. Seeds freely. Rare as a wild plant, on moist banks. Can be grown very well in ordinary beds. Water frequently. Autumn 85. Flat Top 86. Closed Gentian 87. New York Aster 88. New England Aster Vemonia noveboracensis Gentiana Andrewsii Aster Novi-Belgii Aster Novae-Angliae 20-30 9-14 15-30 20-40 Aug. -Oct. Aug.-Sept. Aug.-Sept. Sept. A rank, almost weedy grower, thriving in any ordinary' garden. Flower deep violet; lasting. In moist open places it will thrive. The beautiful fringed gentian is unfortunately a biennial. Can be grown anywhere and plants dug from the wild do perfectly. Flower clusters, showy, blue. The best of all native asters and the most profuse bloomer. Open sunny places will do. ORANGE AND RED AND YELLOW 89. Columbine 90. Turk’s-Cap Lily 91. Canada Lily 92. Wood Lily 93. Pleurisy Root 94. Swamp Milk- weed Aquilegia canadensis Lilium superbum Lilium canadense Lilium philadelphicum Asclepias tuberosa Asclepias incarnata 10-16 30-40 20-30 20-30 10-18 20-35 May July July July July-Aug. Aug. Beautiful plant for shaded banks and is not happy in the open. Flowers yellow and red. In moist open places. This with Nos. 91 and 92 are the best native lilies. Flowers orange-yellow. Flowers yellow spotted with red. Should be grown in moist rich meadows. Very showy. Moist woods or swamps are the best, but not in open places. Flowers reddish orange. Profusion of magnificent orange flowers. Can be grown anywhere, and likes open sandy places. At home in swamps but can be grown in ordinary garden soil; flowers orange-red or purplish. VARIOUSLY COLORED 95. Bellwort 96. Hellebore 97. Trillium 98. Solomon’s Seal 99. Giant Solomon’s Seal 100. Blue Cohosh Uvularia perfoliata Veratrum viride Trillium recurvatum Polygonatum biflorum Polygonatum com- mutatum Caulophyllum thalic- troides 7- 12 15-25 6-9 8- 12 15-40 18-25 April May May May May June Can be grown in open beds, but prefers rich woods. Flowers greenish yellow and shy. Large showy cluster of greenish flowers and big veined leaves. Grow in open moist places. Best grown with Nos. 12, 18, and 62. Plant in masses and do not disturb. Flowers brown-purple. Flowers greenish yellow. Grow in shade if possible, but will grow in open garden soil. Much stouter, but coarser species than No. 98. Leaves large and handsome. Flowers greenish. Flowers greenish brown. Leaves bluish green and handsome. Plant in shade; leaf-mold. False Solomons-seal or false lily of Ihe valley, an excellent plant for moist shaded places Liver-wort (Hepatica) is one of the earliest spring flowers in purple or pink ODDS AND ENDS FROM EVERYWHERE Green “ Hills of Snow” FOR the past three years I have had in my yard some bushes called “hills of snow.’’ The first year they bloomed the flowers were white and beautiful; the next, many of them were all green and I thought perhaps they did not get enough sun, so I had them moved to a more sunny place. Last year they were full of blossoms but again all were green and not one was white. Can you tell me what was the cause of it and what can I do to make the blossoms white? Illinois. Mrs. S. A. Shellman. My Lily Pond WHEN I first began to think of having a lily pond in my garden I did not know very much about the subject but I made up in enthusiasm what I lacked in knowledge. In the centre of my half-formal, perennial garden was a bed some six- teen by twelve feet, with rounded corners, filled with a nondescript collection of hardy bulbs and low growing plants. One end was slightly shaded by an orange tree, but the greater part of the bed lay in direct sunlight all day. All paths led to it and at seemed an ideal location for a water garden. My inclinations leaned toward an informal pond with inconspicuous edges, bordered with water- loving plants and grasses and with a few water lilies in the centre. Rut such a pond would not fit in my garden nor did it seem at all practicable. I gave up that idea with much reluctance and began to plan for a formal cemented pond. My pond when finished was in the shape of an oval, six by eight feet, lying in the sunnier end of my bed. The curb was six inches deep and nearly as broad, while below the lower edge of that, the pond sloped gradually two feet toward the centre. The outlet was placed three inches below the top of the curb and a drainage pipe was run underground to an old abandoned well. The work of excavating, pipe laying, and cementing was done by the cement workers at the cost of $34.65, quite a reasonable figure. In the spring of the following year began my planting following instructions gained through the Readers’ Service of The Garden Magazine. The planting was to be permanent, so the soil was placed directly in the pond itself instead of in tubs, as might have been done. A mixture of half well-rotted cow manure and half garden soil was used to the depth of nearly a foot and a half. Then the plants them- selves were set out. In selecting varieties of water lilies, I chose hardy ones which would endure the winter. These were Nymphaea Mar- liacea, var. chromatella, a yellow variety; Nym- phaea Marliacea, var. albida, white; Nym- phaea Marliacea, var. carnea, pink; andNym- phaea Marliacea, var. rosea, rose. After they were set out I covered the earth with an inch of sand and filled in the water to four inches above the crowns of the plants. As the leaf stalks grew, I raised the level of the water, al- ways keeping the same distance above the crowns, until it was about a foot in depth. This remained the permanent depth of the water. The growth of the plants seemed marvelous. In no time at all the red leaves reached the top of the water, turning green after a few days and spreading out over the surface. Then the buds began to come and in just exactly a month from the time of plant- ing, the first blossom appeared. It was the pink variety, a delicate, flesh pink and remained out for several days, the petals closing at night. Since then all the plants have bloomed, often bearing several blossoms at a time. The addition of four small gold fish has kept the pond clear of mosquitoes, besides furnishing us amusement. Leila B. Stapleton. Enemies That Attack Strawberries THE enemies of the strawberry are those which attack the leaves and those which attack the roots. The former can summarily be dealt with, but the latter are more stubborn fn their resistance. The saw-worm attacks the undersides of young leaves; the remedy for it is a spray of arsenate of lead or paris green. The leafroller, that usually makes three attacks on the plants during their growing season, is to be fought in the same way as the first pest; while the strawberry slug, that per- forates the leaves, yields to the same treatment. To guard effectively against these marauders, the strawberry plants should be sprayed every three weeks, whether or not the insects have made their appearance. The strawberry beetle finds a con- genial home in the neglected bed; clean cultivation will discourage him, though a dose of paris green will utterly rout him. Two fungous diseases, mildew or leaf curl, and rust or leaf spot, attack the strawberry. The former may be recognized by the tendency of the diseased leaf to curl, as if affected by drought. It seldom does any great damage. But rust is more dangerous. It may be recognized by its white- centred red spots. Bordeaux mixture will effectively combat these two enemies. There are two insects attacking the strawberry which sprays cannot reach; these are the white grub and the root louse or aphis. The former is troublesome, and is oftenest found in sod land. If the land is turned up late in the fall, the grubs will be killed by the winter. The aphis, known also as the ant-cow, is said to be brought by ants to the tender growths of many plants and trees, whence they extract sweet juices, sharing their profits with the ants. They attack the roots of strawberry plants, often with fatal results. Black or red ants about a plant are almost certain evidence of the aphis at work below. Another sign is the putting up of undersized, weakling leaves. A preventive is found in dipping the roots of plants about to be set into a cool weak solution of tobacco water. One pound of tobacco stems boiled in five gallons of water will give the solution its proper strength. Berberis Sinensis SOME time ago I sent a specimen of berberis to the Department of Agriculture at Washing- ton, D. C., for identification. It was designated as Berberis sinensis. I have been through a great number of catalogues without being able to find it listed; can any of The Garden Magazine family of readers tell me where I can obtain speci- mens of this variety? Michigan. E. A. Upton. “Dirt Bands” For Starting Plants LIKE every other progressive gardener or farmer I start my plants for the early crops in coldframes or hotbeds and transplant them to the fields when they are well started. But I find that there are many plants which do not take kindly to the ordinary method of transplanting, and potting in earthenware pots is not always satisfactory and is sometimes too expensive a method. The use of paper pots saves the expense but I find many of them will not stand the heat and moisture of a hot- bed for three or four weeks and hold together. To overcome this difficulty I have found the cheapest, best and most effective method is the using of the “dirt band,” which has been in use for years with complete success in some sections of the West, but is little known in the East. I have the box factory cut me strips of wood veneer of about the same thickness as that used in making berry boxes. These strips are cut twenty inches long and four inches wide. I have grooves or “scores” cut crosswise every four inches, to enable the strips being folded easily without break- ing. When I am ready to use them the strips are folded with the two ends lapping one fold, and the result is a bottomless box exactly four inches square and four deep. Before folding into boxes I soak the veneer in water for a short time. The strips can be folded very rapidly and will fit closely when set in the frame. A bed six feet wide will hold fifteen to the row. In using these bands I place about three inches of soil in the bot- tom of my hotbed, firm it down and smooth it off before setting the bands in place. If using a coldframe I simply level off the soil nice and smooth. The bands, previously soaked in water, are folded and placed close together so as to fill the bed. They are then filled almost full of soil and the soil firmed down, the seed planted, and additional What could be more delightful than to "raise” your own water lilies? It cost about thirty-five dollars to make this pond, and the owner has never regretted the expenditure of so much of her wealth 21 e May, 1915 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 217 soil added to fill the bands. These bands hold soil enough to grow a melon or cucumber plant until it is ready to vine. In transplanting to the field I simply slip a spade under the bands and set them on a platform on the farm truck and carry them to the field. In remov- ing from the truck the spade is used in lifting them, each band being lifted separately and placed in its hill. When placed I slip the spade out, re- move the band, draw up the soil around the plant, and firm it down. Before removing the plants from the bed I wet them down and do not water them after setting in the field and yet few plants fail to grow. I have set out acres in this way even during extremely dry weather and a good stand is always secured. Massachusetts. M. H. Northend. A Tall, Brilliant Red, Annual Sunflower TITHONIA speciosa, a native of Mexico, al- though known since 1833, appears to have been almost forgotten until recently a desire for something new has once more brought it into prom- inence and deservedly so, for it is certainly a charm- ing annual well worthy of notice. It is sometimes catalogued as Helianthus speciosus, being closely related to that family, but the foliage is covered with soft downy hairs, and feels like the richest velvet, being most pleasing to the touch, entirely different to the harsh foliage of the helianthus. Its beautiful rich, orange vermilion flowers three to four inches across, like a glorified cosmos are unique, and last a long time on the plant and also when cut. Seed sown in March flowers in September in 3-inch pots; but not being satisfied with these results, I sowed seed as usual the following season, and planted out in June. The plants grew vigorously and by September were perfect specimens, about six feet in height and four feet in diameter at the base, and were covered with flowers until frost. A poor soil would probably bring them into flower earlier, but where frost is not an early visitor liberal treatment would assuredly bring its reward. It is certainly worth a trial, and isolated specimens in the herbaceous border, would be attractive among yellows or reds. Massachusetts. Alfred J. Loveless. Winter Sorrel I NOTED with considerable interest one item in Mr. Kruhm’s article published in the January issue of The Garden Magazine, entitled “The Experiences of a Novelty Hunter.” He mentioned having seen in Holland the past summer a crop of Rumex patienta, and that owing to the fact that it was called by the local growers winter sorrel he won- dered whether or not it might not be identical with the sorrel listed by the seedsmen of this country. For some weeks prior to noticing Mr. Kruhm’s article I had been investigating the Rumex patienta, believing that it would be a good plant to furnish winter greens if grown under the benches in the greenhouse where, in large commercial establish- ments, the space is very little utilized owing to the fact that comparatively few plants do well in such a location, and furthermore are apt to be somewhat neglected. Noticing that one of our native docks, Rumex crispus, the common narrow leaved or curly dock, grows exceedingly well under the bench in the green- house and seems impervious to attacks from any of the common insects found in commercial establish- ments, such as red spider, thrip, white fly, aphis, etc., I began a hunt for a plant belonging to the same species which would furnish a better quality of greens, and concluded that the Rumex patienta would come nearer to fulfilling the requirements than any other, as I do not care for a tendency to acidity in greens which would be found in the sorrel, Rumex scutatus, the variety listed by the seedsmen of this country. Springfield, Ohio. Robert R. McGregor. Starting Strawberry Seedlings THE fall-bearing strawberries have given a new impetus to growing these plants from seeds in the hope of getting new varieties. The common- est trouble in doing this lies in getting the seed started. They are slow in germinating and com- An old time, but not until now cultivated, scarlet annual sunflower (Tithonia speciosa), flowers 4 inches across. (Reproduced from The Gardeners’ Chronicle) monly lie in the ground a month before starting. This gives the weeds a good chance and unless the soil is clean is likely to cause failure. I have found that this can be obviated by the new method of treating the seed with sulphuric acid and then placing it in a germinating dish until the seeds sprout. On May 23d, I took two lots of seeds of fall-bearing strawberries, immersed one lot in strong sulphuric acid for four minutes and then washed with running water, the seed being held in a fine-meshed strainer during the washing. The other lot was not treated. All the seeds were then put in small germinating boxes made of the same clay pottery as ordinary flower pots. They were kept moist. On June 6th practically all the seeds in the treated lot were showing through the soil. These seeds were now sown in a flower pot and covered lightly with very fine soil which was kept moist. They came up rapidly and grew finely. The untreated seeds in the germinating dish were much slower in starting. Ten days after the treated seeds had been.sown in the soil only about 5 per cent, of these untreated ones had germinated. A good germinating dish for this purpose can easily be made by taking two ordinary flower pot saucers, one a little larger than the other. Invert the smaller one on the larger one. Set the latter in a soup plate or other shallow dish and keep water in the plate to a depth of half an inch. The water will seep through the saucer to make its interior moist. Scatter the seeds on the bottom of the saucer and they will soon germinate. Lowell, Mass. Clarence M. Weed. Aiding Cauliflower to Head CAULIFLOWER is, probably, the most dis- couraging vegetable for the home gardener to grow because so few plants form heads. Every- where, and in all seasons, one is much more uncer- tain of cauliflower heading up than cabbage, and in years of long rainless periods (such as the last three have been in this section) the percentage of cauli- flower plants that have formed heads has been so small with most gardeners as to discourage many of them from further attempt to grow this vegetable. Two years ago, in an effort to overcome this failure, I tried three experiments. One of these seemed to work so effectively that I tried it again last year — on both early and late cauliflower — with the result that I secured a good head on all but two of the twenty--five plants I set out. Otherwise the plants had the same treatment last year that they have had other years, and last year was even more rainless in this section than previous seasons. This is what I did: When the plants had become of a size and age to begin forming heads, a thick spread of green cow- manure was placed about each plant, being careful not to have it against the stem. I believe the manure cannot be too fresh, but found that manure not more than a week old (and which had not been “weathered”) does nearly as well provided it is placed in a water-tight pail and moistened to be of the consistency of the green manure. It is best to apply it in the evening and sprinkle the top with a little soil to keep the sun from baking it. My plants were all set in the same kind of soil (a sandy loam) each year, but not in the same part of the garden. New York. L. G. B. Wild Flowers Indoors BEING an interested reader of The Gar- den Magazine, and especially of the “Odds and Ends from Everywhere” items, I am sending one of my own experiences, though doubtless others may have tried the same thing. I have had the yellow lady slipper (Cypripedium hirsutum) blooming in the house on Washington’s Birthday. I have successfully forced them for a number of years without any difficulty. I get the plants from the woods in the spring before they blossom; transplant them to my garden in a shady spot and then in November, just before the ground freezes, pot what I intend to force in good, rich, soil, part leafmold. Then I bring them in and place them in a warm, sunny window and keep them moderately moist. One blossom opened on Feb- ruary 2 2d, and lasted for about ten days. Hepaticas from the woods are also very simple to force any time after the first few hard freezes. They only take about four weeks and I have also success- fully forced trailing arbutus. By digging up a clump during a January thaw and placing in a warm sunny window, keeping the soil, quite moist, hepaticas may be had in full bloom in about five weeks. Dansville, N. Y. Raymond L. Fedder. Organic Matter in Soils PROFESSOR FIPPIN of the New York State College of Agriculture states that average sandy soils contain from 5 to 2 per cent, loam and clay soils from 1 to 5 per cent, and peaty soils up to 60 or 8c per cent, of organic matter. Of this, from £ to 5 is usually humus or decomposed ma- terial. The average moisture content, varies with the type of soil, the season, the climate and with the amount of organic matter in the soil. This yellow lady slipper, transplanted from the wild, bloomed indoors on Washington’s Birthday This model rose garden made with growing plants set in moss and relieved by stepping stones, and a cedar wood tea house, was made by A. N. Pierson The champion table decoration in the Hotel contest made by the Holland House. Acacia and sweet peas used with slender centre support so as not to obstruct view Brilliant display of spring flowering plants from the gardens of Mt | 1 Remarkable display of the butterfly flower (Schizanthus) from Mr. A. Lewisohn's garden. This plant is a tender annual in many colors SOME OF THE MORE NOTABLE FEATURES A' I SOCIETY AND THE FLORISTS’ CLUB AT GRA:| NOT ONLY THE MOST SUCCESSFUL EVENT1 SIGNAL ADVANCE IN ARTISTIC PRESENTATI' 5 James. Amaryllis in centre with a rich variety of Dutch bulbs, This rose garden of F. R. Pierson Co. made with plants of Tausendschoen in pots sunk below the floor and having statuary in scale was a leading feature A new way of exhibiting herbaceous plants in America. They are planted out on a rockery backed by forced shrubs; by J. Roehrs Co. A Delano. Mrs. Belmont Tiffany on right with Mr. T. A. Havemeyer, . )f New York on extreme left Making a picture with orchids. Lights were placed in the top of this frame, which formed the exhibit of J. Roehrs Ci so that the full illumination was directly on the plants [NT EXHIBITION OF THE HORTICULTURAL RAL PALACE, MARCH 17 TO 23 WHICH WAS KIND EVER HELD IN THE CITY BUT A HIBITS SOME OF WHICH ARE HERE SHOWN GARDENING FOR. YOUNG FOLKS CONDUCTED BY ELLEN EDDY SHAW Preparing For the June Exhibit IF THE children of a school or community are working for prizes in a June or fall exhibit, whatever conditions are to govern such an exhibit should be made known to the children at once. Classes should be selected; and this selection should cover a range of possibilities. For some children may have to work in backyards where little sun- shine comes; others having no backyards must plant in boxes; while many of them will be obliged to struggle under conditions of very poor garden soil. So the classes must include such flowers or vegetables as one can raise in boxes, or under very adverse conditions. If a June exhibit is the one decided upon, then include only those plants which really show a result in June. The entire exhibit may be divided into two classes, individual and group exhibits. Some shows may not need a class for group exhibits: group exhibits would stand for those made by entire schools or classes in schools. After deciding on this point divide up into classes for exhibits of vegetables, flowers and perhaps speci- men plants. It is far better to give prizes for some definite thing than for a general sort of exhibit. Make each class specific. For example, offer first and second prizes in Class A, Flowers, The best six blue asters; Class B, Vegetables, The best bunch of ten radishes; Class C, Specimen Plants, The best specimen foliage plant. Do not have too many classes at first. If you are planning for a June exhibit, choose sweet alyssum, cornflower, zinnia, marigold, lobelia, and dwarf nasturtium; beans, radish, lettuce, onion (sets), early carrots; specimen plants of corn, to- mato and any young garden plant which in your section is a favorite one with the children. Make conditions for this exhibit which are con- structive ones and which will correspond with those which govern adult exhibits. All vegetables must be cleaned and tied in bunches, foliage cut off to avoid the condition of wilt, pots in which the speci- men plants are brought must be clean, the flowers should be uniform, the number brought should tally exactly with the requirement, and containers be supplied for each exhibit. Ask for plain glass bottles such as olive bottles. Do not ask for vases for these will be of all shapes, sizes, and colors, and spoil the general effect of the exhibit. The plain glass bottle is very inoffensive. If one bloom only is asked for, then use a test tube. Do not cover exhibit tables with crepe paper which as soon as water touches it becomes most unsightly, but use instead any good white paper or ordinary brown wrapping paper. Make a point of hav- ing your June exhibit really judged, not just gone over hastily. Place the individual exhibits of one class together and judge class by class. If all the marigolds are grouped together, it is far easier to pick out the prize entry. Judge on size, uniformity of speci- men, and arrangement. Take, from each ex- hibit, the exhibitor’s name and place on it a number; upon the child’s name card put this same number. After the judging has been done by your corps of judges, take off the number cards and put back the name cards. Have printed blue, first prize cards; red, second prize ones; and green cards for honorable mention. Place these cards by the prize winners’ exhibits. These bright cards stand out and add much to the importance of the occasion. The following notice sent to the California schools for a sweet-pea exhibit offers suggestions for ex- hibits: EXHIBITING SWEET PEAS “Cut your very best, long-stemmed sprays with the greatest number of flowers on one spray. Cut your flowers on the morning of July 3rd, after the dew and fog have passed, for your blossoms must be dry when packed or they will change color. Cut at least thirty sprays and put them in water for a few hours before you place them in your shipping box. Line a shoe box with oil paper, wrap the ends of the stems in moist cotton and place one row in box, then put in a piece of tissue paper, then an- other row of flowers. Do not crowd them and be sure to put tissue paper between rows, and then make them firm in your box with tissue paper. Write your letter to Mr. C. A. Stebbins, College of Agriculture, Berkeley. Tell him how old you are, what grade and school, from whom you received the seed, whether you planted it in a home or school garden and just how you watered and cared for your seeds. Your letter counts three points so be very careful about your spelling, capitalization, periods, and have it neat. First prize, $10.00; second prize, $5.00; third prize, $2.50; fourth prize, $1.00 to the next fifteen.” A portion of a report written by Mr. Chester Hamilton on the children’s home garden work car- ried on under the auspices of The Horticultural Society of Toronto, Canada, gives further help in this work: “The schools that will take up the Home Garden work for the season, have not yet been selected. We are assured that those entered last year will continue, and several others will be added. In an interview with the Chief Inspector of public schools, he stated that an effort was being made to obtain the use of vacant lots near the schools to use as training plots for practical illustration in gardening — supplementing the work of nature study now con- ducted in the classrooms. We believe this scheme of having gardening classes in the schools will greatly increase the interest of the children in our Home Garden Movement. We will again subscribe for The Garden Magazine to be sent to each school for the benefit of the pupils engaging in our work. Two medals, one silver and one bronze, will be given to each school competing for best gardens to children in the 4th and 3rd books, judged by care taken of plots, condition of soil, quality of growth, general excellence in appearance, etc. The gardens of all competitors to be first examined by the teacher, who will select the best ten, send the names and ad- dresses to the Horticultural Society, whose com- mittee will inspect and make final awards. Money prizes of 1st, fifty cents: 2nd, thirty cents; and 3rd, twenty cents, will be given for best specimens of each kind named below shown at the Autumn Fair, to be held in each school in September, the exhibits to be the products of the pupil’s own garden and own efforts: Carrots Chantenay Beets Round variety Squash Boston Marrow Tomatoes Earliana or Early Jewel Asters Any variety Zinnias Double Nasturtiums Climbing Bouquet of Cut Flowers “No exhibitor to win more than two money prizes. A prize-winner may also win a medal. Pupils may select such kinds as they choose to plant and which may best suit the location of their garden.” The normal schools in our different states help children’s garden along by the training that is given to students in the garden itself and also with children in the garden. What is stated here of one normal school is true of others. The methods used may be different but the fact remains that to-day in such schools a real effort is being made to train young teachers for this work. “Our garden was planned and planted by the Nature Study Class of the Keene Normal School, Keene, N. H. It was to include the raising of flowers, vegetables and small sample plots of the great staple crops. The flower beds were placed next to the street and those vegetables like radish, lettuce, etc., which would be harvested early, were placed next so that their space could be filled with more flowers. Each girl was put in charge of one flower and one vegetable and was responsible for the proper planting and care of same. Among the staple crops planted were cotton, peanuts, tobacco, sorghum, broom corn, clover, alfalfa and two or three grasses. In the kitchen garden were planted sage, summer savory, thyme, and similar garden herbs. “No attempt was made to sell produce from the garden as our school is supported by the state. Many people received baskets of vegetables and bouquets of flowers as gifts. The tomatoes have been put up in various forms by the Household Arts Classes and the other vegetables have been used for lessons in cooking in the same classes. We shall have potatoes, squashes, beets, and cabbages for the use of the class dur- ing the winter lessons. Adjoining the normal section was the grade section, planted this year by a fifth grade. The work was all plan- ned and carried out by the Normal students. The quality of the pro- duct of both gardens is shown by the fact that several prizes were awarded for vegetables and flowers shown at the Cheshire Grange Fair. Sixteen varieties of vegetables and three varieties of flowers were sent to the State Fair at Rockingham Park, Salem, as a Normal Ex- hibit, but not for com- petition.” The Roger Williams Park Garden (Providence. K. I.) in May showing various activities: training of fruit trees; use of garden tools; study of insect pests 220 [Synopsis of preceding chapters: Roseberry Gardens is the name of a nursery of the old type, with azaleas, magnolias, etc., in profusion. The owner, Mr. Worthington, is a stately, scholarly gentleman of the old school, yet an advanced thinker, a plant lover always anxious to succeed with new introductions. Rudolph Trommel, the foreman, a Swiss, grows plants rather because he loves them than from any business instinct, and indeed takes exception to Michael’s having sold a certain plant because it was such a fine specimen. He also is a shrewd judge of human nature. Among the customers is Maurice J. Herford, a dilletante admirer of plants, an artist. Roberta Davenant is secretary to Mr. Worthington and the protege of old Rudolph Trommel, through whose intro- duction she procured the position and who is constantly instructing her in garden craft and plant! knowledge. From time to time Michael so arranges things that Roberta has to act as guide and saleswoman to Maurice Herford. Roberta is self reliant, unconventional and somewhat jolts the old time residents of the place. Paul Fielding, a landsr ,oe student and relative of Major Pomerane, a resident, is another visitor to the Nursery. He would go horseback riding with Roberta in the early mornings, to the secret delight of the Major, who twits his nephew with remarks concerning Roberta’s interest in the plants of the Nursery and of Maurice’s interest in those same plants! One August day Michael suggests teaching Roberta how to bud and incidentally talks about the popular use of a few of the commonest hedge plants to the neglect of others better but less used. Settling down to the work of budding, Michael becomes reminiscent and tells of how a year ago Mr. Herford came, suggesting he go with him to Europe. The lesson in budding is progressing.) SOON they came alongside of Pat McCune, who was tying, in the next row, the young trees Michael had already budded. McCune was short and broad shouldered, with a grizzled beard, and clad in baggy trousers and a bright red undershirt. “ ’Tis warrm,” he remarked. “It is,” said Michael, “ ’tis always warm buddin’ an’ we’ve been doin’ it in August f’r thirty years. But it’s been warmer than to-day!” “It has,” assented McCune. Then he coughed. “ ’Twas warrmer at the battle of Gettysburg! Be- gor! but that was hot work!” “Were you there, McCune?” asked Roberta, in- terested. “Oi was,” said McCune firmly. “Oi was wan av them that resisted Pickett’s Charge. The bullets wint whistling by like it was hailstones an’ niver an umbrelly! There was wan wint t’rough me sleeve an’ grazed me ar'rm, an’ another t’rough the tail av me coat an’ buried itsilf in a comrade’s breast who fell at me side, but we pressed on!” “McCune,” said Michael reproachfully, “’Tis sorry Oi am to hear ye say that. Where were ye goin’ whin the innemy had a chanst at the flyin’ tails av yer coat?” “I’m tellin’ yez there was a high wind. I just turned a minute sideways to load me musket whin — whisht, wint the bullet, t’rough me coat an’ buried itsilf in me comrade’s chist an’ he fell at me side, mortally wounded. Thin, wid the bullets rainin’ round me Oi carried him to safety!” “ Wasn’t it whin ye were sprintin’ f’r safety that the bullet hit?” “ ’Twas not!” replied Patrick, with dignity. “But I thought,” pursued Michael, “that ’twas the navy ye ware in, wid Farragut an’ the sailor b’ys.” “Oi was,” said McCune, “Oi enlisted first in the navy. Oi was wid Farragut at Mobile. Oi was up an’ the faremast in chaarge av a gun mesilf, an’ ould Farragut says to me, says he, ‘ Pat, me b’y, y’r as gallant a b’y as there is in the navy!’ says he! ‘There’s me hand!’ says he.” “But I thought ye was at Gettysburg,” said Mi- chael, “an’ if I remember right, Mobile was on a Chusday an’ Gettysburg began on a Wed-ens-d’y.” McCune nodded. “ ’Tis so,” he said, “they rushed us up t’ help in th’ fight. We wasn’t in at the first day but we were there f’r the second, and well was it f’r the Union, we reached there, in the nick av time!” “Go long wid yez,” said Michael. Just then the gong sounded. “ ’Tis well,” said O’Connor, “ ’tis like the cock crowin’ f’r Saint Peter. ’Tis time ye stopped, McCune!” “ I hope he goes to Confession, the ould sinner,” said Michael, as he and Roberta were walking back to the shop. Then he chuckled. “There’s niver a battle in the war that Pat McCune wasn’t there! “ ’Tis prosilytes we’ve been making, Miss Dave- nant, the morning. Turning common little heathen av seedling apples into children av grace. They’ll niver be common apple trees again; they’re Pyrus Malus Parkmanni, an’ ’tis you an’ me have con- verted and baptized them ! ” Chapter XIV Major Pomerane sat on his shaded veranda — a broad comfortable veranda which overlooked his drive and his garden. The Major was broad and comfortable also — very comfortable he looked as he sipped his coffee, eye-glasses on his nose, the morn- ing paper in his hand, pipe beside him on the table for future attention, and at his feet a shaggy, English sheep dog. At a little distance lay a setter, his nose along a patch of the morning sun- shine. The setter was dozing, occasionally open- ing one eye to see if his master had finished his breakfast, then closing it again and resum- ing his own dreams. Suddenly he lifted his head, opened both eyes, cocked an ear and uttered a short, sharp bark. The Major laid down his pa- per, lifted his eye-glasses from his nose, and looked down the drive. Paul Fielding was coming in the gate, mounted on his big chestnut and riding slowly. “Morning, Paul,” called the Major as his visitor approached. “Morning, Cousin Jim,” responded the young man. He rode up the drive, dismounted, fastened his horse to the hitching post, and came up on the veranda. “Morning,” said the Major again. “Just in time, Paul! Have some breakfast. Sam, bring an- other cup for Mr. Fielding, and hot rolls!” “No, thank you, Cousin Jim, I don’t want break- fast.” “What! At your age!” He looked keenly at his visitor. “Good Lord, Paul, you look as cheerful as a wet hen! What’s the trouble?” “Nothing,” responded Paul gloomily. “Well," well,” said the Major briskly, “look at the pretty sunshine! Listen to the little birds! ‘Aint dis a mighty pretty mornin’,” chanted his host. “No, it ‘ain’t!’” said Paul. “Never mind — no troubles in the world that good coffee and good tobacco and a good dog can’t give them a handsomer aspect! Better change your mind, son!” he said, as the darkey set the extra place at the table. Paul shook his head and in silence flicked the dust from his boots with his riding whip. “ Damn Rose- berry Gardens!” he remarked, at last. Major Pomerane chuckled. “Tut! tut! Most interesting place, wonderful collection! Only com- mercial nursery in the country that ranks with an arboretum. Finest place in the world for a young man to — — ” 22i “Shucks!” said Paul. “Um-um,” said the Major, meditatively. “So I gather that our young friend Roberta has gone out to work in the gardens with the old fossils, like a pro- perly conducted, business-like young person; and she wouldn’t go riding with you! Shocking taste! What are the young women of to-day coming to! Too bad!” finished the Major, sympathetically. The setter got up and went over to Paul. “Here, Michael,” called Major Pomerane, “that young man isn’t safe company for a nice doggie; he may bite.” “Michael!” echoed Fielding. “I thought this was old Zip Coon.” “Used to be Zip Coon and Tramp,” he indicated the sheep dog. “But I changed their names. I shall called them Michael and Maurice Herford — they work so well together.” “Damn Maurice Herford!” said Paul. “Tut, tut! Don’t be so belligerent. Fine man, Herford! Finest collection of evergreens on Long Island; something of a scholar, too. Knows coins.” Then he looked at Paul Fielding’s face. “Too bad, son!” Then he said, soberly, “Do you really care so much, Paul?” “More than for anything else in the world, Cou- sin Jim! Good Lord! Why do you suppose I’m killing time here when I’m crazy to be down at Par- adise Park, and at the work I want to do? ” “Thought you wanted to do landscape garden- ing.” “That was Dad’s idea. What I want to do is to get the old place back on a paying basis, so we don’t have to sell off any — that’s what I want to do. I want to try the rice growing again. It was profit- able years ago; it ought to be profitable now.” “Did you ever tell Roberta that!” Fielding shook his head. “It’s not the commercial side that interests her.” “Wrong tack, my boy. She’d respect you a heap more if you had something to do beside dangling. You young ones make lots of fool mistakes. When you want something you just sit down beside it or stand in front of it, like a three-year old, and holler for it. That’s where the old fossils have you beaten to a finish — they’re so mighty cool-headed!” “What do you know about it?” Paul asked sus- piciously. “Lots!” said the Major. “Tell you what, son, a man who spends some years in the observatory knows a heap more about earthquakes than the folk who are actually in them. When a man is engulfed in the hot ashes and lava of passion and sentiment,” said the Major grandiloquently, “it is not easy for him to observe the proper direction his energies should take. I’ll tell you one thing, son. Those old fossils aren’t rivals to be despised. ’T wouldn’t hurt you to observe their methods. I never wanted to marry, but I know exactly how to go about it if I did. I’d have married Roberta’s mother in a minute.” THE GARDEN M A G A Z I N E May, 1915 222 “Why didn’t you?” “Never saw her until Boh Davenant brought her here — and he was an old fossil. Sort of semi-ani- mate Blackstone — all law-books and cases. And I dare say there were plenty of good-looking young fellows down there who'd have taken Davenant’s place. Lord! but she was sweet; loved gardens, too, but not like Roberta — suppose she has note-books and that sort of thing — more like a humming-bird. You’d see her every morning out there. I used to send her over roses at breakfast time, till Bob Dave- nant woke up and planted lots in their own garden. She galvanized him into more life those three years than all the Davenants had had for fifty — got him quite human. Roberta’s got her mother’s coloring, but you can't judge her always by her coloring; there’s a streak of Davenant in her you’ve got to reckon with — poor child! I don’t suppose she can help it.” “What do you mean, Cousin Jim?” “ Conscience. Old Adelaide’s got enough to stock an institution. Dare say Roberta would have hon- estly liked to have gone riding this morning instead of What did vou say she’s doing?” “Taking account of stock. Do you really think so?” said Paul, brightening. “Very likely,” responded the Major, serenely, “and Herford is clever enough to know it. Bet you a new riding-whip — and you’ll need one if you keep on spoiling that — that he keeps on a straight business basis. Bet he doesn’t say, ‘Come, my dear young lady, and walk in the gardens with me this after- noon.’ Not he! More likely it’s, ‘Could you show me those evergreens? I could find them myself, but I’ve forgotten where the Picea section is.’ Roberta sees it as a duty, and Herford has a pleasant walk. “You’re all South Carolina and I’m part, and it takes us time to get the way of those New England- ers. They instinctively refuse a pleasure, but hitch it up with a duty, and it goes every time. Has to be hitched tandem, too. Duty for the leader. Wheel-horse may be the whole thing — never mind — fix it as if the Duty was ahead, and you’re all right. I know what I’d do if I were you!” “What?” “I’d play Paradise Park for all it’s worth! It’s a gorgeous old place; she’d feel the charm of it in a minute. I’d get her down there, take her coon- hunting, riding, she’d forget about the fossils and the gardens and you could omit Herford — his handsome, price-tagged place isn’t a patch on that. It’d be your innings.” “ She wouldn’t come,” said Paul. “ Lord! ” exclaimed the Major testily. “The lack of intelligence of this generation! No wonder your father asked me to look out for you! Make it a duty, man! Horticultural, social, filial! Talk to old Worthington about the old gardens. Tell him how important it is for Roberta to get in touch with the older horticulture. Make friends with old Adelaide; make love to her. She’s actually got a restless fit and when an old person gets it they’re ripe for any suggestion. Invite her down for Christ- mas, not Roberta; tell her about the old time ele- gance of the gardens at Paradise Park. She ’ll go. And Roberta will go with her as accessory. She ’ll ask old Worthington to let her off, and Worthing- ton ’ll see the horticultural chance and consent. Just you try it! Fine scheme. No charge!” “It’s a good idea,” said Paul, reflectively. “Of course it’s good!” said Major Pomerane, com- placently. “Ever go fishing, Paul?” “Of course I have!” “Real fishing, trout fishing — kind that takes in- telligence.” Paul Fielding nodded. “Wouldn’t have thought it!” said the Major, “but if ever you caught a real beauty you cast with a fly that you thought would interest. If it didn’t you tried another, and you kept yourself in the shadow. Strikes me you’ve been standing along enough in the broad sunshine slapping the water with a hook and worm. Time to try something else. Chapter XV Whether or not it was due to his cousin’s advice, next morning saw Paul Fielding out early at Rose- berry Gardens. Miss Davenant was not in the office. The young man considered a moment, then he took the narrow, shaded road that led to the new plantation. It was cool and damp in the morning freshness. The sun had only flecked it as yet, and the dew lingered heavily. On one side, honeysuckle that had escaped from the garden climbed and hung in tangled masses on some young oaks, veiling the woods; on the other side, across the hedge, were the well kept nursery rows, dull maroon berries on the sturdy, thick-set, fruiting honeysuckles; over the hedge now and then came a long trailing spray of eleagnus drooping with the weight of heavy scarlet berries. A startled brown rabbit that had been sit- ting in the road, alert and watchful, whisked into the hedge. “You needn’t have been in such a hurry, Br’er Rabbit,” said Paul to the vanishing rabbit. “Why couldn’t you stay and wish me luck.” It was still at Roseberry Garden, so still you could hear the notes of a meadow lark down the hill at the foot of the plantation. Suddenly Fielding stopped; he heard voices. “How many did you say, McCune? Five hun- dred? And the group down below? Fifty? Five hundred and fifty,” she said slowly, as if writing down. Fielding went quickly to the opening in the hedge that marked the quarter acre, and saw her, notebook in hand, soft felt hat pushed back, head bent over the notes she was making. McCune, in his Gari- baldi shirt, had just limped off down another row. There was a sudden, quick flush of greeting. “Would you like a job?” she said. “I want to send McCune back to Michael.” “ Surely,” he answered eagerly. “I think we can get to the Prunus section before I have to go back; poor old Patrick is as slow as a barge. There are two hundred in each row, Mr. Fielding. Just see how many spinosissima there are in that broken row — about a hundred and fifty, I think. Would you? And will you take tills stick,” — handing him a walking stick notched at foot and half foot intervals — “and get the average height?” Paul did her bidding with alacrity, and the two worked rapidly and in silence. Paul was very happy, and he kept humming to himself the Major’s negro tune, which the day before had been a vexa- tion. “We must go back,” said Miss Davenant sud- denly, looking at her watch. “The mail will be in. Thank you so very much! ” “It was a pleasure,” said Paul, truthfully. “It is interesting, isn’t it?” said she, “I’d shift with the men any time, and take the field work in- stead of the office. Aren't they splendid little plants!” “Miss Davenant,” said Paul, “there’s only one plant in Roseberry Gardens that really interests me, and that I seem unable to get.” Roberta flushed. “It’s a young evergreen, Mr. Fielding, very prickly, and objects to transplanting as seriously as an Ilex opaca.” “Ass!” said Paul to himself. “Why couldn’t you leave well enough alone?” But Roberta was unconcerned. “Would you like to see something?” she said. “But mind you don’t tell.” She led the way through a gap in the hedge, pushed aside the lowest branch of a thick, prickly barberry and showed a little hollow. “Aren’t they darling?” Paul peered in to see six tiny baby rabbits. “Lit- tle cottontails!” he exclaimed delightedly. “ Better not pick one up,” cautioned Roberta, “he might tell his mother, and she’d move the whole family.” She let the branches slip back carefully, and then led the way back to the road with her quick, silent woodsman’s step, Paul Fielding following. But at the office door she stopped. “I have work to do,” she said, “lots of it.” “Anyway,” Paul meditated happily as he walked homeward, “I bet she wouldn’t have shown the little bunnies to old Herford.” On a certain noon-tide in late August one would have found Miss Davenant seated on a hummock of grass at the end of one plantation like Miss Muffett, upon her tuffett, only instead of curds and whey, she was munching a sandwich, and beside her, likewise employed, was Mr. Fielding of South Carolina. The day was sultry. Major Pomerane, even on his shaded piazza thought it uncomfortable, but young Mr. Fielding was well content. He had followed his cousin’s advice scrupulously and assiduously. And it worked beautifully. He kept strictly to business, and this devotion to the hard facts of life had brought him spacious, undis- turbed mornings with the coppery haired secretary with only the bobolinks and old Patrick McCune for occasional intruders. Duty was substituted for Pleasure in the early mornings, which as the wise old Major predicted would make it possible to link Pleasure with it much of the time. “You see I want to learn the plants,” he had said, “and helping with the stocktaking will be a very simple way of gaining familiarity. I know I can get about on my feet a bit more briskly than your friend Pat McCune; I’m sure I can read a label quicker. Why won’t you try me? I think the work would go quicker, and you told me the other morning that it ought to be done before Mr. Worth- ington’s return.” Whereupon Roberta had assented readily, and for several mornings they had worked together, Paul Fielding measuring and counting, Roberta verify- ing and taking the notes. Now the noon gong had sounded; McCune, dinner pail in hand, was disappearing between the rows of young trees; and the two sat under the big linden for their workingman’s midday rest. Chapter XVI It was cooler by the big linden; it stood at the intersection of the grass paths that divided the plan- tations into half acres. From beneath it one could look down the long slope of the plantations and across the wide marshes through which the Meadow- port creek trailed a lazy, uncertain serpentine as if it hadn’t the faintest idea where it was going and didn’t care in the least. The marshes were begin- ning to color and flush with the coming autumn; at intervals came the note of a solitary meadowlark. The two beneath the tree munched their sand- wiches in silence and content. Roberta pulled off the old soft hat, pushed back her hair, and settled herself comfortably against the big linden. She scanned the young plantation that lay beyond them approvingly, noting the trench watering that had evidently been done the day before, and how little the drought had affected the newly transplanted * stock. At last she turned to her companion. “There’s not been one of those little hedge plants injured,” she said, “the trench watering has kept them safe, and Uncle Rudolph moved them when an amateur would have expected for them murder and sudden death.” But Fielding was looking beyond the plantation to the marshes and, in truth, beyond the marshes to those Carolina marshes beside the Cooper through which the river wound its indolent way. “Trench watering,” he echoed blankly. “What’s that, Miss Davenant?” “Didn’t you see it?” she asked. “The men plough a furrow, then fill it with water, by letting the hose run until it has been filled several times. Next morning they run the cultivator over and cover up to prevent evaporation. Trench watering is a regular drought insurance.” Then she looked at him keenly and said abruptly, “You don’t really care about gardening, Mr. Field- ing. What is it you really care about?” “You,” was on the tip of the young man’s tongue, but he looked at the unconscious profile of the girl beside him, thought of his cousin, the Major, and the wisdom of the ancients, and clasped his long brown hands closely about his knees. “I’m not passionately interested in gardening,” he admitted, “except in what I can take back with me and use down at Paradise Park. That’s the truth. These rows and rows of little things that fascinate you and old Trommel so much, seem to me too painfully new to be interesting. I honestly see very little beauty in nice little plants in rows. You ought to see the azaleas we have at home. Higher than your head and you can cut armfuls!” Roberta laughed. “Mr. Worthington would say you had no ‘vision’,” she said. “These little plants are like children in school. To those who aren’t ac- quainted, it’s merely a row of little heads, all more or less alike. Those who know them see heaps of pos- sibilities, and to the devoted parents, like Uncle Ru- dolph and Mr. Worthington, there are wonderful possibilities — whole worlds that some of them are expected to conquer! {To he continued) May, 1915 THE GARDEN M A G A Z I N E 223 Dad wants you W&B This is a common practice where the Lawn Mower in ques- tion is a “ W. & B.” and the borrower is the owner of a poor machine, as no other lawn mower runs more satisfactorily, cuts more evenly and closely or requires less attention than the »-»• •% y Easy Running TV* Lawn Mowers They are simple in construction and embody many distinctive features, such as ball-bearings, self-sharp- ening adjustment, etc., which result in easy operation and long service. Ask Your Dealer or write us direct for FREE interesting booklet telling how to select a lawn mower best suited to your needs. THE WHITMAN & BARNES MFG. CO. Established 1854. General Offices. Akron. Ohio Factories: Chicago. Akron, O. St. Catharines, Ont. New York Office and Store, 64 Reade St. Canadian Office, St. Catharines, Ont. European Office; 1 49 Queen Victoria St., London, E. C. Export Sales Department, A. J. Barnes, Mgr., 90 West St., New York. OF the three hundred and forty-eight var- ieties of Dahlias which we offer in our Garden Book this season, all ofwhich are strictly high grade and distinct either in color or form, none are more desirable than the three colossal sorts illustrated. Kalif: A majestic flower frequently measuring over 9 inches across, of perfect cactus shape and pure scarlet in color. Hortulanus Fiet: A huge flower of the Decorative type; of a delicate shade of shrimp-pink, the tip of each petal touched with gold. Nibelungenhort: The mammoth flowers of this Cactus variety are of a beautiful tint of old-rose illuminated with a golden-apricot suffusion. Price, any of the above, $1.00 each; the set of three for $2.50. For complete list, not only of Dahlias, but the best of everything in Seeds, Plants and Bulbs, see Dreer’s Garden Book. Free on request if you mention the Garden Magazine. HENRY A. DREER 714-716 Chestnut St. Philadelphia, Pa. DREER’S Three Colossal Dahlias 7 Hardy Glorious Lilies For $1.00 L. AURATUM, (Golden Oueen) Im- mense flower, white with gold band. 25c L. Tenuifolium, masses of coralred bell-like flowers. Exquisite. . . . 15c L. Umbel latum, striking buff to rich apricot 15c L- Album, like driven snow glisten the recurved petals. Fragrant. . . . 30c L. Superbum, magnificent tall, stem, masses orange dark-spotted bloom 15c L. Roseum, white, spotted and clouded rosy- red. Fragrant 20c Amaryllis Hallii, umbels ot charming tender rose. Trumpet flowers 30c Price includes delivery. FULL directions HOW to grow LILIES, sent with every order. SEND for our 19 IS SPRING GARDENBOOK Full of GARDENLORE H. H. BERGER & CO., 70 Warren St., New York City Roses, Flowering Shrubs and Fruit Trees / which will bud, bloom and fruit True to Name, sent direct from our nurseries to your garden at wholesale prices. This Spring we offer the finest selection of hardy, field grown Hybrid Perpetual and Hybrid Tea or E verblooming Roses. Our list includes the choicest varieties: Maman Cochet (white), Maman Cochet (pink), William R. Smith, American Beauty and Killarney. The stock is all two year old. No. i strong bushes. Our book tells you how to plant and care for them. Our flowering Shrubs include the finest specimens of Bush Hydrangea Paniculata Grandiflora and Snowball or Ever- blooming Hydrangea, Spirea Van Houttei (white), Spirea Anthony Waterer (dwarf pink). Also the finest fruit trees that tan be grown: Apple, Peach, Pear, Plum and Cherry. All the best tested varieties. Kelly Brothers’ quality and purity of vari- eties means much to the planter. You get the benefit of thirty-five years of prac- tical experience. We stand back of every shipment. Send today for our 1915 Spring Catalog. It is free. Read our broad guarantee. Kelly Bros.* Wholesale Nurseries, 341 Main St.,Dansville, N. Y. You never regret planting Kelly Bros' stock The Readers' Service will gladly furnish information about Retail Shops TIIE GARDEN MAGAZINE May, 1915 2-24 A Hillside without Foliage is a Pitiful Sight A HOME without shrubbery, without a garden, looks as desolate and as cheerless in the eyes of vour friends and neighbors as this hillside looks to you. BEAUTY and PERMANENCE in shrubs, trees and plants depends upon health just as much as in human beings. All our stock is HEALTHY. Oar 1915 Catalog is Yours for the Asking Two Fine Garden Tools This fine trowel is almost everlasting. Blade is 1/16 of an inch thick — made from crucible steel of highest grade. Steel rivet holds maple handle so it can’t work loose. Blade, neck and socket all one piece. Will last a lifetime. The New Dodson Sparrow Trap Garden Trowel No KC4 with B:nt Neck Price $0.75 No. EOS with Straight Neck Price $0.75 \ KfiN mm Garden Tools are all first quality. This Keen Kutter garden fork is made from highest grade crucible steel, one piece, forged, polished tines and neck. Head 5| inches long. Var- nish d hardwood handle. No better at any price. Ask your dealer to show you. Send for our Garden Tool Booklet No. /. 1646 If not at your dealer’s, write us. SIMMONS HARDWARE COMPANY St. Louis, U. S. A. Double funnel trap on left, automatic drop trap on right; catches sparrows at both ends. No other trap like this. Made of strong, electrically welded wire; lasts a life-time. Price $6.oo, f.o.b. Chicago. The old-style Dodson Trap has been successful for two years — thousands in use. This is notably better. Banish sparrows and native birds will return to your garden. The sparrow is a quarrelsome pest. U. S. Dept, of Agriculture Bulletin advocates destruction of English Sparrows. Sparrows are good for one thing only — they’re good to eat. Often served as Reed Birds. Write for Sparrow Trap booklet and for Dodson Bird Book which tells how to win native birds to live in your garden — both free. Mr. Dodson, a Director of the Illinois Audubon Society, has been building bird houses for 20 years. Dodson houses win birds. Write to JOSEPH H. DODSON, 709 Security Bldg., Chicago, 111. Roses For Your Home, Too What a transformation the Queen of Flowers works with any dwel- ling! How fascinating is this lit- tle home — a veritable bower of roses! Why don’t you learn the delight of rose growing, too? You can have the aristocrats of the rose world in your garden, around your walks and climbing your porches. From all the varieties now in commerce, we have se- lected for you nearly 400 — the very cream of the world’s best roses. Take your choice. Ourfree literature will help you. Our book, "How to Grow Roses” will point a straight path- way to a beautiful, permanent rose garden. The book costs xoc. Ten delightful chapters, beautifully illustrated. Write for it today. Ask for our Canna book, too. It’s free. C & J ROSES to bloom The CON ARD & Jones Co. Box 24 West Grove, Penna. The Rose Bug Routed at Last TWO years ago no insecticide had been dis- covered that in any way controlled the in- crease of rose bugs. Plant pathologists from the state institutions tried every known means of com- bating the pest, and it flourished in spite of all the efforts of the entomologists. It is doubtless under- stood that the injury done by rose bugs is not to roses and garden vegetation alone, but that they sometimes are destructive to orchards. It was because they had attacked an orchard of a Western New York fruit grower, Mr. H. W. Lasher, that a successful treatment was discovered. In the following digest of a report of his experi- ments, Mr. Lasher tells his own story better than any one else could that was not on the ground and conducted the experiments. Mr. Lasher says: “In a conversation with the late Mr. George Wildine -bout the infestation, he suggested I com- municate with Mr. Babcock, stating he was a most thorough grower. I did so and Mr. Babcock said that he could kill them with a combination of fish oil soap and crude carbolic acid. He had had trouble with them and after trying everything had concluded they had to be fought along absorption lines. He knew the penetrative power of carbolic acid, and by experiments found by combining it with fish oil soap he could counteract the burning properties. Prof. Hotchkiss, of the State Experi- ment Station at Geneva, came at once and he and I tried this combination of soap and carbolic acid, and the effect exceeded expectations. They died at once when hit. I watched these trees all summer for a delayed bum which did not come. In fact the foliage seemed a darker green than on trees not treated, thus showing fungicidal properties. “After killing the rose bugs, I then conceived the idea that with this wonderful penetrative power it might be possible to spray egg masses of all insects and take the fertility out of the same, reasoning that if that were possible orchards would be free from all insect life except such as may fly in from un- sprayed areas. This could not be large; therefore all sprayings subsequent to the dormant period would be eliminated, creating a tremendous saving in time and expense. “With this end in mind I began experiments in May, 1914, on eleven apple trees of different varie- ties, fifty-five years old, distributed through a fourteen acre orchard. The application was made just as the leaf bud was -breaking. I considered that to be the psychological time, and am now of that belief. Early broods that have hatched have no place to hide, and the egg masses I believe to be softer then than earlier in the season, and more susceptible. This orchard subsequently developed the worst attack of pink aphis I ever saw, every tree having thousands upon thousands of curled leaves. At this period, with the view of saving the crop, I set a force at taking off those leaves in picking sacks and burning them, following up closely with this spraying formula and thus getting the second generation winged and nymphs of these aphis. I might here add that I consider the picking of the leaves to have been a failure as they were past saving, and money spent for repeated spraying is more efficacious although nothing will get the aphids in leaves already curled. “Should any one, however, through earlier neglect find they have an infestation and determine to pick the leaves, let me suggest that he pick them before he sprays. If he does it the other way (and I tried it that way also), the fumes are so nauseous that the aphis will crawl from the leaves and rein- fest other parts before you can get the aphis leaves picked. “While fighting these aphids Professor Hotchkiss kindly paid the farm several visits. We counted the curled leaves on the eleven trees, and as I recall it, the maximum was 120 on a tree, the minimum 30 — such a negligible amount that in a year pro- nounced free from aphis one would have more than that amount. The limbs of these trees interlaced with limbs of trees of the same variety that at that time were as aforesaid, covered with thousands of these curled leaves. Later on, these eleven trees, from their proximity, became infested with the winged form (the second and third generation) but not seriously. On a visit later in the summer from B. J. Case and Mr. McDill of Sodus, they remarked on the darker green foliage of these eleven trees. What is a fair rental for a given property? Ask the Readers' Service May, 1915 r II E GAR D E N M A G A Z I N E 225 KILL Bugs, Blights Spraying Guide FREE You can save your shrubbery, fruit trees, plants, crops, from dangerous insects — blights. You can make every tree, vine, plant, produce greatest yield of finest quality crops. And all this at a saving of time, hd money and labor over ordinary methods. Make | up your mind to Make Shrubs — Plants— Trees — Grow Better Yield Bigger Crops this year. Write for this Free Spraying Guide at once! It will give you the tested ways of spraying. It will tell you just how and \\ hen and what to spray. More than 300,000 U. S. and State Agricultural Experiment Stations, farme-s, orchard- ists, gardeners, florists and home owners who use and re- commend have found this Spraying Guide wonderfully helpful. So will you. Send for your copy. Brown's Auto Sprays — made in 40 styles and sizes — hand and power machines from 50c to {300.00. See our line at your dealer's. Three styles here shown Top photo ‘‘.hows Style No. 24— Barrel Sprayer for Orchards and Field Crops. Left half of bottom photo shows our famous style No 1 4 gal. capacity — the correct size for 5 acre field crops and 1 acre of trees. Right half of bottom photo shows new style No. 37. Extremely handy. Low priced. 1 cjt. and 1 half- gal. sizes. Sprays straight or on angle. Write for catalog and val- uable Spraying Guide — both Free. Do so now — before you lay this paper aside. E. C. BROWN CO. 850 Mu pie St. Rochester, New York 1 I ’HESE nails were actually cut in a Lawn Mower test at the sug- gestion of the City Forester of a big city to prove the quality of the blades. PENNSYLVANIA Quality Lawn Mowers (HAND, HORSE OR POWER) cut them and were the only mowers that did, thereby securing a large municipal order. The reason why the “PENNSYLVANIA” Mower won in this remarkable test is that every blade, stationary and revolving, is made of the highest grade of crucible tool steel, oil- hardened and water-tempered. It’s the only Mower of which this is true. Every “PENNSYLVANIA” Quality mower has every blade of this same high quality. They cut, don’t chop or tear the grass There is a “PENNSYLVANIA’’ for every need — Hand Mowers for the small lawns — Horse and Power Mowers for estates, golf courses, etc. The “PENNSYLVANIA” Quality Power Mower is light, positive and speedy. It climbs 30 to 40 per cent grades, covers up to 8 acres per day and at a cost of only 20 to 30 cents per day. Ask your hardware dealer or seedsman about any of the following “PENN- SYLVANIA” Quality brands: “Pennsylvania” “Continental” “New Departure” “ Great American” “Keystone” “Golf” Horse and Power and others Look for the “Pennsylvania" trade mark on the handle SUPPLEE-BIDDLE HARDWARE CO. Box 1575 Philadelphia Mailed Free. AA XA ing," an instructive book written by a prominent authority , gladly mailed, together with a catalog of" PENNSYL VANIA" Quality Lawn Mowers . .jrx r-r.T - r 'Trf: SPRAY 4 Rows or 6 Rows of POTATOES At Every Passage. Watson Potato Sprayers with two nozzles to each row force fine spray to every part of foliage. Spray as fast as horses can walk. Spray wide or narrow rows. No delays or vexatious clogging. Spray liquid sUrred and strainers kept clean automatically. We also make Bucket, Barrel and Knapsack Sprayers, Gasoline Engine Orchard Rigs, etc. A Sprayer lor Every Need. Ask your dealer. Send direct for catalog and valuable spraying in- formation. FIELD FORCE PUMP CO. Dept. H, Elmira, N. Y. gTART with the largest stock that can be secured! It takes over twenty years to grow many of the Trees and Shrubs we offer. We do the long waiting — thus enabling you to secure trees and shrubs that give immediate results. Spring Price List Now ready. j&lDORRA IluRSERIES PKUd!™1* Hpi.* Wm. Warner Harper A-c Box G The Readers ’ Service will give information about automobiles T II E G A R D E N M A G A Z I N E May, 1915 22(> While spraying during one of Professor Hotchkiss’s visits I took some badly curled leaves that were full of aphis, held them open so the drift of spray mist could hit them. They turned black and were dead instantly, to our intense satisfaction. “I must think that this formula has fungicidal properties. A neighbor has an orchard near mine. We both have Greenings and we both sprayed at the same time with the same material we have always used. I made an additional application of this formula, and my apples were absolutely without scab, while he had a great many scabby apples.” Mr. Lasher wishes this newly discovered in- secticide, to be known as “The Babcock-Lasher Formula,” The foregoing is of interest as telling how the Babcock-Lasher formula was discovered. Because he told his story before the meeting of the western New York Horticultural Society, which was sponsor for it, there seems to be good reasons for making thorough experiments with it. The Babcock-Lasher formula is ioo gallons of water, 15 pounds of fish oil soap, one pint of crude carbolic acid. It is made by dissolving the soap by boiling, first cutting it in small pieces. It is better to add it to the water while the water is being agitated. Add the carbolic acid while agitated. The spray kills by contact, i. e., the carbolic acid coming in contact with any insect injurious to vegetation, instantly kills it. It is not a question so much of making it stick to the foliage for the insect to eat, like the poison spray, but one of hitting it with the spray. The insect does not wait, per- haps, to eat and destroy part of a leaf before it dies, but immediately quits when it is shot by the spray. For the reason that it is a contact spray, a fine spray made to cover every part of the leaf, especi- ally the under side, will reach all insects. Mr. Lasher also recommends the formula for spraying poultry houses. Applied with a force pump so it goes into all cracks and crevices, all lice and vermin are instantly killed in the same way as the rose bugs or other insect life. He believes it will revolutionize spraying and bring in a new era of insect control. To quote his own words “The visionary possibilities: Within the range of reason one can picture this formula controlling all insect life on fruit, the codling moth, bud moth, leaf roller, pear psylla, thrips, etc., the gypsy, brown tail and tussock moths, caterpillars, except in cocoon form, the boll weevil on cotton, the Hessian fly in wheat, and aphis on nursery stock. Animals can be washed with it and poultry houses disinfected, vegetable and fruit gardening, greenhouses, white fly and black aphis on oranges — in fact the field is unlimited.” New York. W. H. JeNKiNS. Pruning and Feeding Roses WEAK growing varieties of roses need severe pruning and apparent starvation for their best development, while strong, vigorous, and rapid growing kinds can stand and need heavy feeding with little pruning. As pruning is done for the encouragement of wood growth it can readily be understood why the weakling needs the knife and the strong grower does not. In the use of fertilizer the same rule holds good. Liquid manure, weak and frequent, but only to such plants as are in the process of making buds, and preferably after a heavy rain when the ground is already thoroughly wet, is of the greatest value. A barrel or keg, set upright on a box, with a molasses gate near the bottom to draw it off easily, is about the best container. I fill the barrel two thirds full of water and suspend in it a burlap bag containing a good quantity of fresh stable manure. If too strong it is diluted, as it should not be stronger than the appearance of weak tea. After a soaking ram only such plants are rewarded with a drink of this ambrosial nectar as may have shown their appre- ciation of life and a desire to perpetuate their species as evidenced by bud making. If given to roses not in bud it has a tendency to make wood growth at the expense of flowering, and thus would do more harm than good. Manure water should not be given to plants during their first year after planting, as flower making during the period needed for be- coming established should be discouraged rather than encouraged. Pennsylvania. H. G. R. Label Your Roses and Plants WITH PERMANENT Simplex Weatherproof Labels PRICES; POSTPAID. INCLUDING COPPER WIRES, No. 1 — Size 3x£ inches, 25c. doz. S 2.00 per 100 No. 2 — Size 4xf inches, 50c. doz. S4.00 per 100 STEWART & CO., 171 Broadway, New York The TOWNSEND Ball- Bearing Lawn Mower “Townsend Gave to the World the Ball-Bearing Lawn Mower is made in a wide va- riety of types to meet every requirement of small lawns, private estates, parks and golf-links. The work- manship is thebestob- tainable, the mechan- ism simplicity itself. The B all- Be aring principlefirst adopted by S. P. Townsend & Co., for lawn mow- ers insures light-run- ning and freedom from noise. Prices range from #8.oo upwards. “EASY EMPTYING” Grass Catcher Saves the Work and Damage of Raking Keeps the lawn clean, smooth and velvety. Fits any mower. Easily attached and de- tached. "Lift it off to empty.” NON-SLIP BOTTOM with adjustable front flange pre- vents grass sliding forward onto mower roller. Insist on getting “Easy Empty- ing.” Ask your hardware dealer to show you or write for free booklet “Useful Things for the Lawn.” No Sound but the Swish of the Blades We also manufacture all other types of general-purpose mowers, and Town" send s GOLI WONDER. Ask for information concerning the TRIPLEX, the remarkable machine that cuts an 86-inch swath. Fully illustrated cata- logue, giving partial list of users, sent free on request. S. P. TOWNSEND & CO. 23 Central Avenue Orange, New Jersey GARDEN ORNAMENTS WHETHER for open lawn, garden spot or driveway — our catalogs will supply you with ideas for every- thing needed on the modern country place. In addition we prepare special designs in garden ornaments to meet special architectural requirements. We issue separate catalogs of Dis- play Fountains, Drinking Fountains, Bird Fountains, Electroliers, Vases, Grilles and Gateways, Settees and Chairs, Statuary, Aquariums, Tree Guards, Sanitary Fittings for stable and cow barns. Address: Ornamental Dept. THE J. L. MOTT IRON WORKS Established 1828 Fifth Avenue and 1 7th Street, New York If you wish information about dogs apply to the Readers ’ Service May, 1915 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 227 Ever- greens Beautify Homes -lished \ iave been N J' Our sure growing evergreens lend a finished f touch to any home. For 56 years we hav( furnishing choice, hardy evergreens to people all over America. We offer you the choice of the greatest evergreen stock in the world— over 50,000,000 evergreens on hand. We give Expert Advice Free — furnish sugges- tions on tree arrangement. Write for Hand- somely Illustrated Evergreen Book — trees shown in true-to-life colors — Free! Get the book. Don’t risk failure with evergreens of uncertain quality. Get the book and get posted. D. HILL NURSERY CO., Inc. Evergreen Specialists 1066 CEDAR STREET, DUNDEE, ILL. Moons’ Evergreens will Hide Drying Clothes and Other Objectionable Views 'T'HE stock we have contains a large assortment of varieties in varied sizes. Many of these trees -I- are large enough for immediate results — as were those used in this planting — which in eight- een months produced the results here shown. Evergreens can be planted now, and Moons’ have them for every place and purpose. Catalogue, profusely illustrating Evergreens and other Hardy Trees and Plants, gladly mailed upon request. THE WILLIAM H. MOON COMPANY PHILADELPHIA OFFICE: Room B, 21 S. 12th Street Makefield Terrace, MORRISVILLE, PA. We have issued a U Very Interesting Catalogue on AND GARDEN ACCESSORIES Pergolas 95 showing a series of new designs; can be had free on request. Catalogue “H 28” for Pergolas and Columns of Pergolas. Catalogue “H 40” for Exterior and Interior Wood Columns. HARTMANN-SANDERS CO. Exclusive Manufacturers of Koll’s Patent Lock Joint Stave Column Suitable for Pergolas, Porches, or Interior Use Main Office and Factory: ELSTON and WEBSTER AVES. CHICAGO, ILLINOIS Eastern Office: 6 E. 39th St., New York City GARDEN LOVERS are invited to send to the Mat- inecock Neighborhood Associa- tion of Locust Valley, Long Island, N. Y., for their illus- trated catalogue of hand made, reasonably priced English gar- den furniture, bird houses, and novel garden stakes. For lawn and garden w there is no vehicle so satisfactory as a Triumph Lawn Cart. The cost is noth mu when the labor saved is considered. We ave75 other sizes and styles of carts r all purposes fully described in our catalog. Write for it. If your dealer will not supply you, we will Swartwout Mfg Co. CLINTON. N Y “Standard of the World” TT IS a permanent improvement that adds morethan its cost to the value of the prop- erty enclosed. Nothing goes further toward giving house and grounds an atmosphere of elegance, refinement and privacy — the finishing touch to outside surroundings. Over 350 plain and ornamental designs to har- monize with any house, garden or grounds. Styles for every purpose — town houses, suburban homes, country estates, parks, cemeteries, factories, schools, churches, etc. Book of designs, upon request. Write for it, giving brief description of property. THE STEWART IRON WORKS CO. Dept. “D" Cincinnati, Ohio “The World’s Greatest Iron Fence Builders* * Vases, Settees, Lamps, Lawn Fountains Wire Fence, General Iron and Wire Work THE MATHEWS MANUFACTURING CO. 9th Floor Williamson Bldg. Cleveland, Ohio Live in the Garden Spend the summer in your garden. Make it comfortable with Mathews Decorations. Our free portfolio will help you. It shows many designs for Sum- mer Houses, Pergolas, Lattices, Trellises, F urniture and all other Garden decoration. Ask about our unique bird houses. No. 2. The Tavern for Bluebirds. Very unique design.. — painted white. -y QQ t275 _ No. 3. Villa Double wren house;fine ap- pearance. Brackets fur- ished. Pole ex- *4 tra. 6 to 16 ft.— 6cts ft.. immif lll«H Make Y our Garden a Bird Home Blue birds, wrens, martins, all the feathered beauties will flock to your hospitality. Enjoy their morning greeting, and besides, your garden will profit by the destruction of insects. Our UNIQUE bird houses, shelter and baths are most artistic and will give a quaint interest to your place. "Had three wren families in mine last year.’’— M. R. E. Order today. Send check or Money Order and put up the house at once for bird families this Spring. Ask for our UNIQUE Catalog. Special introductory prices for 30 days THE GARDEN UNIQUE 3151 lvison Avenue Berwyn, Illinois No. 120. Colonial Bath Pedestal C^CIV 46 inches high. ▼ MW Price only. . . I The Readers’ Service gives information about real estate THE GARDEN MAGAZINE May, 1915 228 No. 4 — Planet Ji* Combined Hill and Drill Seeder, Wheel Hoe, Cultivator, and Plow Soon pays for itself in the family garden as well as in larger acreage. Sows all garden seeds (in drills or in hills), plows, opens furrows and covers them, hoes and cultivates quickly and easily all through the season. Planet Jr. quality tools are the great- est time-, labor-, and money-savers ever invented for the farm and garden. They pay for themselves in a single season in bigger, better crops. Built so well they last a lifetime. Designed by a practical farmer and man- ufacturer with over 40 years’ experience. Fully guaranteed. No. 1 1 — Planet Jr Double Wheel Hoe, Cultivator, Plow and Rake A single and double wheel-hoe in one. Straddles crops till 20 inches high, then works between. The plows open furrows and cover them. The cultivator teeth work deep or shallow. The hoes are wonderful weed-killers. The rakes do fine cultivation and gather up trash. Unbreakable steel frame. The greatest hand- cultivating tool in the world. No. 8 — Planet Jr Horae Hoe and Cultivator Stronger, better-made, and capable of a greater vari- ety of work than any other cultivator made. Non- clogging steel wheel. Depth regulator and extra-long frame make it run steady. Adjustable for both depth and width. New 72-page Catalog, free Contains 168 illustrations and describes over 55 tools for every farm and garden need, including Seeders, Wheel Hoes, Horse Hoes, Harrows, Orchard- and Beet-Cultivators. Write postal for it now! S L Allen & Co Box 1108S Philadelphia Pa Special Garden Tools That Lighten Labor THE gardener who makes a hobby of tools can save a lot of time and work for himself. Every hour’s time you can save should be worth at least twenty cents, and probably is worth a good deal more than that measured in the additional product which your extra time will enable you to get out of your garden. There are, of course, a few essential tools which have to be provided first, including a spade, a rake, a regular hoe, a trowel, and some kind of a sprayer, preferably one of the compressed air tank type. In additional to the spade get a spading fork with four or five broad strong, flat tines for the original stirring of the soil, and for loosening beets and carrots when digging them up, and for stirring the ground around flower beds, shrubs, etc. The hoe, of course, has to be used from one end of the gardening season to the other, and for all kinds of work from making a furrow for planting, hilling up potatoes, or corn, for working among small plants, and for work in the flower garden where hilling up is not wanted. No hoe capable of doing all these jobs can do them all well. The following will be found serviceable in addition to the ordinary type: The heart-shaped or Warren hoe for opening drills, for fertilizers, for large seeds such as peas and beans, making holes for tomato plants, covering in drills, etc. Then there is the light half-moon or onion hoe which, except where soil is to be hilled up around plants, means easier and quicker work than with the ordinary hoe. You will need a scuffle hoe for use between rows late in the season when crops are too big to be worked successfully with a wheel hoe. And on roads and paths a small combination rake and hoe which costs fifty cents with a 4-toothed rake, and sixty cents with a 6- toothed, is particularly useful where plants are too close together to make work with an ordinary hoe convenient, and for breaking up, with the rake side, hard crusts and lumpy soil; it will prove itself particularly useful about the flower garden. Before you decide that you can not afford any of these tools, stop to think that with reasonable care a hoe should last for at least ten years. The annual cost of a fifty-cent hoe is about eight cents! Another set of tools which will prove exception- ally useful are those designed for hand work. An ordinary trowel of course every gardener possesses. But if you are buying a new one, do not get an “ordinary” one. Get one of the best quality, with a solid shank instead of a makeshift ferrule, even though it costs two or three times as much. It will last as long as you are able to keep from losing it, whereas a cheap one will seldom go through the second season without breaking or bending, or having the handle come loose. But a regular trowel is not designed to take plants out of a flat, or plants from a continuous row. For either of these purposes and for many others a transplant-fork costing fifteen cents or a quarter (an annual charge of three or four cents) will be found a great time, plant, and patience saver. A dibber, for trans- planting, is considered by many gardeners a neces- sity. An all-iron one, with a revolver-shaped handle, is very easy to use and practically ever- lasting. I have one of this type which has been used to set out several thousand plants annually for more than fifteen years, and it is still as good as new. It cost thirty cents. For setting out bulbs and long-stemmed plants, such as tomatoes and many flower seedlings, the “slim Jim” trowel, costing fifteen cents or so, is a most efficient little tool. Among handweeders there are two types: those with teeth, and those with a flat cutting blade. They cost fifteen cents to a quarter each. One of each type will be found very useful. Among the bladed sorts I personally prefer the Lang, which has a strap to be slipped over one finger, by which it is held in place while the thumb and forefinger are in use pulling out individual weeds. Of the type with fingers or teeth one which has the ends slightly flattened or broadened is more efficient in breaking up a crust or hard surface than the one with round points. What is true of these small tools, in proportion to the time which they save, is even more true of any special attachments for the wheel hoe for which the gardener may have use. In this case there is an $11.75 Insures Your Garden Against Dry Weather It Buys a Complete Skinner System Rain Machine T70R $11.75. you can secure one of our Complete Portable Lines that will water 2,500 square feet. It will not pack the soil or use the plants roughly. It makes an ideal gentle spray, that waters every inch of your garden uniformly. Practically 85% of all flowers and vegetables is water. To be able to supply the right amount of water at the right time means everything in securing perfection and quick results. The Skinner System Rain Machine being porta- ble, you can easily shift it from’place to place. Can be connected direct to your hose. 100 feet line covering 5,000 square feet, costs $23. $125 equips an acre Time and time again, buy- ers write us that in actual crop results it has paid for itself twice over, the first season. We pay freight on Portable Lines if cash is sent with order. Send for booklet. Order early and give your garden every advantage possible. Or IRRIGATION The Skinner Irrigation Co. 219 Water St., Troy, Ohio YOUR GARDEN will never be a disappointment if you plant and work it with tools like these — the operator walks upright, the seeder sows accurately in drills or hills and with the cultivator points, side hoes and plows you can do more in one hour than in a whole day the old way. Result, a much bet- ter garden and more pleasure in it. Garden Tools give you a large line to choose from. See your local dealer and ask us for book- let ''Farm, Home and M arket Garden- ing with Modern Tools.” Bateman M’f’g Co. Box 3512 Grenloch N. J. The Readers' Service will give you suggestions for the care of live-stock May, 1915 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 009 2-Piece Porch Set Beautiful — Sturdy Old Hickory Furniture Wheatley^ Pottery Beautify your garden with thi s Wheatley Bird Bath — sold direct from The Wheatley Pottery Give to your garden or lawn a touch of old Italy in this lovely piece of old ivory tint pottery. Here you have the exquisite colorings and effects of the pottery of Florence and Rome. Artistically perfect, weatherproof, durable. Height over all, 42 in. ; bowl, 24 in. wide. Price complete, $20. Mention No. 245A when you order. Satisfaction guaranteed or money back. Write Now for Pottery Portfolio — which shows scores of designs in baths, ferneries, jardiniers, garden seats, sun- dials and other garden and porch furniture. Send $2 for this ever- lasting bird housed Made of genuine Wheatley Pottery in beautiful rustic effects. Imperishable, weatherproof cheaper in the end than wood. Attached in a jiffy ; never requires further attention. Scientifically constructed to attract birds. Order it now — you'il never regret giving your feathered friends a home. Satisfaction guaranteed or your money back. Folder showing different designs sent on request. 1 1 ■ i Sectional Flower Boxes Instead of being made in one heavy, cumber- some piece, this flower box is madein smaller units of continuous design. Each unit fits closely to the other, giving appearance of one flower box. For proper sizes for porch rails, window sillsand garden use see Wheatley Portfolio. THE WHEATLEY POTTERY, 2431 Reading Rd„ Cincinnati, Ohio Perhaps you, too, have believed that the comfortable, artistic, durable Old Hickory Furniture was too expensive because you have found it in the finest surroundings — on veran- das of mansions, country estates and on the porches and lawns of homes of rare beauty. On the contrary, Old Hickory Furniture is the most inexpensive, cozy, porch and lawn furniture you can buy — it is now sold at prices which make it the most economical as well as the most desirable. Old Hickory Furniture Book FREE Send $6.75 for the two-piece Porch Set illustrated above, freight prepaid east of the Missouri River. Money-back guarantee. Write today for our fifty-six page book illustrating in natural colors Old Hickory Furniture for porch and garden, also quaint rustic summer houses, arbors, trellises, etc. All modestly priced. Write today — no obligation on your part. The Old Hickory Chair Co. TWADt mark \buriudinthe > v 415 South Cherry St. MARTINSVILLE. INDIANA MOLEPHER KILLS Ground Moles and Gophers If you are troubled with them, order a Jar of Molepher, which we sell under a guarantee to kill them. Sent by Express on receipt of $1.00. MOLEPHER CHEMICAL CO. 509 Chestnut Street St. Louis, Mo. Invite tke Birds Give them a house like this and they’ll stay all summer. They’ll protect trees, shrubs and plants. Our free portfolio shows 35 I K9 ter workmen. Send for it today. 1 The Mathews Manufacturing Co. 1 940 Williamson Bldg. Cleveland, Ohio ” • 'AB0WAY Polrr.R'i DOUBLES THE GARDEN'S CHARM Q 7^ hough your Garden be Small, a V~y Sun dial Bird Font or Gazing Globe adds the Essential touch while your Plants will have New Beauty in Artistic GABOWAY Pots. Boxes andWses. AWealth of Suggestions for Making your Garden Attractive will be found in our Catalogue f wkicb we will matl upon request G A HO WAY TERRA COTTA CO. 3214 WALNUT STREET. | PHILADELPHIA. Whv VOsk SHOWROOM AFTSMAN BLDG..3SKST.EASTOF FIFTH AVE. Many styles shown mini 'n new catalog. {••••iillU Write today. 111!*1!!!! Direct From Factory — We Pay Freight Brown Lawn Fence and Gate cost less than wood, la longer and are more ornamental. Don’t buy any unu. you first see our complete line and dollar-saving prices. THE BROWN FENCE & WIRE CO. Department i>5 CLEVELAND. OHIO GARDEN FURNITURE Send for catalogue showing a great variety of benches, chairs, tables, etc., in rustic and painted. NORTH SHORE FERNERIES CO. Beverly, Mass. New York Showroom: Craftsman Building, East 39th Street We manufacture Lawn _ and Farm Fence. Sell direct, shipping to users only at manufacturers’ prices. IVrite for free catalog Cheap as Wood UP-TO-DATE MFG. CO., 994 10th St.. Terre Haute, Ind. Rustic Cedar Furniture Made of Sound Red Cedar The only wood that stands all weathers and is never attacked by “borers.” We manufacture rustic bungalows, log cabins, play bouses, bath and boat houses, Japanese tea and summer houses, pergolas, rose arches, benches, chairs, tables, canopy settees flower stands, vases, tubs and all kinds of garden ornaments — also a full line of Rustic Cedar Bird Houses SEND FOR CA TALOGUE Jersey Keystone Wood Company, Trenton, N. J. Write to the. Readers' Ser ire f or suggestions about garden furniture 230 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE May, 1915 Court of Palms COLDWELLS AGAIN CHOSEN Renewed recognition of Coldwell leadership is im- plied in the decision of the Panama-Pacific Managers to use COLDWELL LAWN MOWERS exclusively in caring for the grounds at the Exposition. Coldwell Mowers have received similar honors at all the big fairs, including those at Chicago, St. Louis and Buffalo. The Coldwell line includes 150 styles and sizes. This year’s leaders are the Walk-type roller and motor mowers in two sizes: — Model G weighs 600 pounds, cuts ; of an acre per hour and costs $325. Model H costs only $250, cuts | acre per hour and weighs 500 pounds. Write for 1915 catalogue giving full description of these and the entire Coldwell line of motor, horse drawn, hand and putting green mowers. COLDWELL LAWN MOWER CO. Manufacturers of Hand, Horse and M otor Power Lawn M owers Offices iS Factory at Newburgh, N. Y. Warehouses at Philadelphia & Chicago SYSTEM Of Underground Refuse Disposal Keeps your garbage out of sight in the ground, away from the cat, dog, and typhoid fly. Opens with foot. Hands never touch. Underground Garbage vl0U4. e.I0,r MASS and Keiuse Keceivers A Fireproof Receiver for ashes, sweepings and oily waste in house or GARAGE. Our Underground Earth Closet means freedom from polluted water. Look for our Trade Marks In use 12 yrs. It pays to look us up Sold direct. Send for catalogue \C. II. STEPHENSON, Mfr. 40 Farrar St., Lynn, Mass. investment of ten or fifteen dollars already made. The small outlay required in addition to get a set of discs, guard-hoes, or sweeps, each one of which will give you practically a new machine, will pay big dividends. The discs when properly used are very efficient — but they should be sold only to certified gardeners. Used on soil in the right condition that has not been allowed to form crust or become filled with half-grown weeds, they will do very close and rapid work and leave the surface in the finest possible condition. But they must be carefully adjusted and watched, while at work. The guard- hoe or peat-hoe is similar to the ordinary hoe at- tachment except that the curve or shank of the blade extends up for three or four inches, so that no soil is thrown over onto the smallest seedling plants, bending them over and covering up weeds as the ordinary type does, especially where a light crust has formed. The “sweeps” or wide, thin hoes are designed to take the place of the hand scuffle-hoe. They cut just below the surface, and take every- thing within range for a width of four to ten inches, according to size. The weeder attachment for the wheel-hoe is also very effective to use either after or in combination with the hoes or cultivator teeth to level and pulverize the soil after them. New York. F. F. Rockwell. The Busiest Month for the Southern Gardener ETERNAL vigilance is now the watchword. Weeds grow rapidly and the borders need constant attention. There are innumerable dis- eases and insects to combat. Watch out for the first rose chafers; catch them and throw them into a can of kerosene oil. If the mildew appears on the climbing roses or lilacs, sprinkle with flour of sulphur early in the morning when wet with dew. Spray hollyhocks and cornflowers with a weaker solution of bordeaux mixture, with a small amount of arsenate of lead to guard against the leaf curl and the diseases and insects to which they have been subject in recent years. Receipt for bordeaux was given in the March number of The Garden Maga- zine. Diseases of roses are mitigated by a timely spray of bordeaux mixture, either in March when dormant at full strength, or the weaker solution in April after the leaves have put out. Keep the soil constantly stirred and throw about the roots hardwood ashes or soot to destroy pernici- ous insects and worms and also for a fertilizer. The borders should have been thoroughly spaded and rotten manure forked under in April. Keep a dust mulch by constantly stirring the surface of the soil with a small rake which can get in between the plants. Seeds of annuals should be sown among the perennials to fill up gaps, and always keep on hand some potted annuals sunk in the cold- frames for the same purpose. Study the blooming season of each flower so as to keep a good color effect in the garden, or at least avoid colors that clash. Sow aster seed in coldframes to be transplanted later in the borders, and a few in small pots to be used as fillers. Plant gladiolus every two weeks until July, beginning the first of May. If the soil is heavy put in each hole a handful of sand and place on it the gladiolus corm; all bulbs should be so planted. It affords good drainage and prevents rotting. Plant dahlias the end of May and in loose soil not over rich, else they will go to leaves. If the soil is heavy work in some coal ashes and use a fertilizer that tends to a larger percentage of potash and phosphates and a small amount of nitrogen. A good potato fertilizer is desirable for dahlias. That receipt was given in the December, 1914, number of The Garden Magazine. It is a good plan to start dahlia roots in sand in a coldframe the first of May; divide the roots accord- ing to the shoots and then plant in the borders. Keep a good stocky plant by retaining only one shoot, cutting away the others. The Darwin tulips which bold sway the first part of the month can be removed after blooming to a shady place to mature the bulbs, if space in the border is needed; and tender bedding plants such as geranium, fuchsia, heliotrope, and hardy cape jessamine, can now be put in the borders. Do not longer delay transplanting to the open Trade mark. Use Hammond’s Slug Shot If you have never used Slug Shot go to your nearest seed store and say: “Give me a barrel, a keg, 25 lbs., 10 lbs., 5 lbs., or a I lb. carton,” as the case may be, of Slug Shot. After you have tried Slug Shot you will find nothing else to be its superior because you know from expe- rience that Slug Shot is reliable in everything that goes to make a useful Insecticide for garden use. Hammond’s Slug Shot Works Beacon, N. Y. BARTON’S LAWN TRIMMER TAKES THE PLACE OF SICKLE AND SHEARS— NO STOOPING DOWN SAVES 90% OF TEDIOUS LABOR Cuts where lawn mower will not, up in corners, along stone-walls, fences, shrubbery, tomb-stones, etc. It is simple in construction and made to endure. Makes a cut 7 inches wide. Price only $3.75 each. Send Money Order to E. BARTON, Ivyland, Pa. Tr'iumpII CARDEN HOSE REEL sAViH carry 50 to 150 feet of 3-4 in. hose. -^\We believe this to be the most satisfactory Other's. Reel ever produced. Will last for years— Built mostly of steel. Has handle at each end-and always a clean handle. jit is well built and very strong, with 26 in. wheels. ; ' Vl ■Swartwout Mfg. Co. cuktokn i “RE-MOVE-ABLE” CLOTHES POSTS Last a Lifetime Cheaper than Wood v : Made of high-carbon gal- vanized steel tubing, filled with concrete. You drop them into the sockets and can remove them in a moment. Heavy steel sockets separate from posts. No skill needed to drive them. Save Cost of Digging Holes Adjustable Hook on each post makes clothes hanging easy. Don’t disfigure your lawn with short-lived wooden posts when the indestructible “RE-MOVE-ABLE” cost less. Write for Folder A or ask your dealer. MILWAUKEE STEEL POST CO. MILWAUKEE, WIS. Note: We also make the well known “Re- Move-Able” Tennis Posts and Flag Poles. May, 1915 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 231 jPprp Write us giving some idea of your spraying needs and r I\LL we will forward absolutely free, a copy of our valuable illustrated work on Crop Diseases, also full particulars of a i&btmnotop It isn't a SPRAMOTOR unless we made it best suited to your requirements. We make SPRAMOTORS from $6 up. Write us to-day! Made In U. 8. A.— No duty to pay. HEARD SPRAMOTOR CO., 2888 Erie St., Buffalo, N.Y. . •v. . • Tvnn D-.i. Kill San Jose Scale, Apple ^ 4 ^ Destroy tree rests scab, Fungi, Lice, Bugs, and other enemies of vegetation by spraying with COODSSKFISH OIL SOAP N93 Does not harm the trees — fertilizes the soil and aids healthy growth. Used and endorsed by U. S._Dept. of JAMES GOOD, Original Maker, Plant Diseases. Write for it today. 931 N. Front Street, Philadelphia Let the Home You Build Express Your Personality Shakespeare says: “The dwelling a man builds reveals his personality and thro its halls and porticos runs the story of his life.” Really successful homes are rare among the multitudes erected, yet the very simplest may be charming. Just to show possibilities, I’ll sketch your ideas in practical form for $5. or of 1% of cost, if it’s not among my 2,000 Plnns. For $1.00 I’ll mail you 130 Homes of Individuality including floor plans, etc., selected from the best recent types in the U. S. 100 sent at once and 10 each month for 5 months giving you the very' latest. (State cost house wanted). • WALTER J. KEITH, ARCHT., Suite 402, Keith Bldg., Minneapolis, Minn. How We Can Serve You THIS Magazine maintains a corps of experts on every subject of interest to the man or woman who lives in the country, or who is planning to live in the country. These men are constantly at the service of our readers, and to test their efficiency, we are going to make A Demonstration Offer Are you planning to build or remodel? Consult our trained architects. Are you going to re-decorate, or have some furniture done over? We have an expert to advise you. Have you garden problems? The best men in the country will help you solve them. Do you want assistance in the housing or caring for poultry, dogs, etc. Then consult our trained men, each well qualified for his profession. Is it advice on your stock, or do you want better results from your farm ? The man in charge of this department is a graduate of Cornell Agricultural College and well known as a writer on these subjects. Are you a nature enthusiast? Our Nature Club is conducted by a well known natural- ist, who will gladly answer your queries. Do you want advice about your automobile? Then consult our Service Bureau. These are only a few of the ways we can serve you — perhaps save you hundreds of dollars, and to demonstrate the value of Country Life in America, we will send you the next seven ^ issues, from May to November inclusive. This offer in- eludes a special number in May and a double Building Number in October. If purchased separately, these issues would cost you $2.90. Why not test j the service that Country Life in America can render you by filling in and returning the / attached coupon? It is for your con- / ./ G. M. jT 5-«5 / Doubleday, ^ Page & Co., Garden City, N. Y. jg I enclose $2.00. Please > send me Country Life in America from May to No- vember. Name . venience. Please use it. Address . Tomato Trel- lis -with ad- justable hoops. For sweet peas and all kinds 0/ vegetable and flowering plants that require a support. Gro-big Garden Trellises Portable — Everlasting —Inexpensive Lima Bean Trellis. Just the thing for c limb in g MADE in four kinds — here are three of them. Can be easily put up and taken down. Hoops on tomato trellis are ad- justable in both size and height. Packs away in small space. All the angle iron uprights, and wire are heavily galvanized, making them rust proof. Nothing to get out of order- Will last indefinitely. Send for circular fully illustrating, describing, and pricing each kind. The Powell Specialty Co., 31 Clinton St., Newark, N. J. If a problem grows in your garden write to the Reader's Service for assistance 232 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE May, 1915 A t o f BJr8SiMp5g Red The gorgeous Tritomas, flashing like fire, light the shrub border and make the garden brilliant with scarlet, yellow, orange and gold. My splendid col- lection of these novel plants i s illustrated and described i n the new edition of FARR’S Hardy Plant Specialties * A book of inspiration and help for those who want a garden that need not be renew- ed each year. Over 500 varieties of Peonies, scores of Irises, Phloxes, Delphiniums, and other favorites are included; twelve plates in the colors of nature, and many one-color illustrations, show these splendid plants. A list of new and rare Dahlias is one of the features of this splendid book. Send for a copy before you make your garden plans this spring. Bertrand H. Farr Wyomissing Nurseries 104 Garfield Ave. Wyomissing, Pa. CALIFORNIA ROSES Get Acquainted Offer 100 Roses, $7.00 50 Roses, $4.00 12 Roses, $1.00 DELIVERED TO YOU BY MAIL Direct from the largest growers in the country. Not greenhouse grown. State colors preferred, and if any climbers. CALIFORNIA ROSE COMPANY Pomona California 20 Years Growing Roses for the People THE READERS’ SERVICE gives information regarding Poultry, Ken- nel and Live Stock. Arches Seven ft. high and four ft. wide. Extra Heavy; Rust Proof $10.00 each Painted $7.50 each Also Half Arches for Porch Trellis All sizes and shapes made to order A. T.~BR00K Maker and Builder Fence.Tennis Courts, Dog and Chicken Runs, Tennis Net Posts, etc. 37 Barclay Street New York Write for circular border perennials which may be in coldframes. Remove with as much soil as possible. If chrysanthemum clumps are too thick, divide now and plant elsewhere. Put a few in pots for fall blooming in the house, especially the late and less hardy varieties. These can be pinched back, leaving only one main stem. Prune all shrubs immediately after flowering, removing part of flowering wood. Look out for scale on lilacs and oleanders and spray with bor- deaux. Keep borders in walks free from weeds. Cut grass frequently and leave clippings on the lawn as a mulch. If the cutting is a heavy yield, put clippings around sweet peas and rhododendrons. Grapes and currants and all small fruit and orchard fruits should have constant attention. If the limbs are crowding each other, remove them and cut off suckers at base of trees. One careful, thorough spraying as advised in April number of The Garden Magazine is sufficient; but if there is doubt about its thoroughness, follow with two others. The first one comes in the ten days after the blossoms form, the second after formation of fruit, and when hanging down; and the third when the fruit turns up. Grapes should be sprayed soon after blooming, and are greatly protected from pests by bagging each bunch of grapes, tying over them paper bags. Use hellebore for the currant worms. Arsenate of lead should be mixed with a weaker solution of bordeaux mixture when spraying the orchard trees at this time against the codling moths on apples and pears, and the curculio on peaches and plums. It is advisable to plant plums in a chicken yard and occasionally shake the tree gently. The curculios fall to the ground and are eaten by the chickens. The soil of a chicken yard is considered too rich for peaches. Strawberries should be fertilized according to the April number of The Garden Magazine up to the fruiting time, which is about the tenth of May. Transplant into open ground tomatoes, peppers, and eggplant by May ioth,butas frost often comes as late as the twentieth, have ready and near each plant a large flower-pot to turn over them at nights; or else protect with bagging hung on a stick at the side of each plant. If melons and tomatoes were started in flower pots in early spring and sunk in a coldframe, they will be stocky plants now and get no set back when placed in holes prepared for them in the open ground. The little frames covered with glass or cheese cloth which were recommended being made during the bad days of winter, should be placed over the melon hills; they will come to fruition earlier and will be protected from the beetles. If these frames were not made; then plant with the melons a few seeds of radishes as a catch crop for the beetles; or you can buy the “cloches” now on the market. Place in each hill also as an extra precaution a few moth balls. Be careful to spray potatoes and melons, cucum- bers and squash with bordeaux mixture as soon as the leaves appear above ground. Mix with the bor- deaux some arsenate of lead — the former is for blight, the latter for beetles. In planting out tomatoes and cabbages put around each plant a paper collar as protection against cut- worms. It should extend an inch below and an inch above ground; also put out bait for cutworms. Balls of meal mixed with molasses and a little Paris green will be effectual. However, this method is dangerous if there are chickens; the cutworms can be caught by placing chips around the plants under which they are found in the mornings and can be killed. Cut asparagus early in the morning and plunge in cool water. It should be used the same day as gathered, and also canned for winter use immedi- ately after gathering. Keep the hills from baking by an occasional raking. Sprinkle coarse salt over the beds just before rain; it keeps down weeds and is otherwise good for asparagus. Sow in coldframes celery, fall cabbage, cauliflower and Brussels sprouts and endive. Sowings of let- tuce, beets, snap beans and peas should be kept up at intervals of two weeks. First plantings of beans, lima beans and corn take place at apple blossom time and every two weeks thereafter until July first. Virginia. J- M. Patterson. Is Your Refrigerator Poisoning Your Food? A leading medical authority says: “A poor refrigerator means not only wasted ice but often w asted lives from spoiled food.” Read what physicians and others say about won- derful ice-saving and health protection the Monroe affords. Housekeeping Institute GKMonroe Established 1868 The Monroe food compartments are Genuine Solid Porcelain ware — in one piece — over an inch thick — every corner rounded. Not cheap porcelain-enamel on metal base — but one piece of white unbreakable porcelain ware which can be easily kept free of germs — no cracks, joints, or corners — nothing to break or chip. 30 Days Trial — Cash or Credit Sold direct from factory at factory price. Freight paid and all money back if not absolutely satisfactory. Monroe Refrigerator Co. (Established 1868) “ Using about one third the ice the others did.” T. G. Mackie, New Orleans. from . Wil- '* Cut ice bills $36 to 58.” T. W liams. Milwaukee. ” Reduced ice bills nearly 40 per cent.” Dr. B. H. Y ells, Southport, Conn. “ Much more economi- cal than any other of several I have had.” Dr. O. B. Shreve, Salem, Mass. “ Saved about 50 lbs. of ice per day over another make of same size.” W. M. Rieke, Paducah, Ky. “ An ice saver, a germ preventor, hence a health preserver to any family.” Dr. Chas. Hupe, Lafayette, Indi- ana. " Economical in use of ice. and preserving in best manner articles placed in U.” Dr. R.E. Starkweather, Evanston, Ills. once for about refrigerators It tells you how to select the home refrigerator — how to keep food longer without spoiling — how to cut down ice bills — how to guard against sickness — doctor’s bills. Sta. 14D, Lockland, 0. [INSUPE ^YourPlaniin By' UStn& DIAMOND BRAND. COMPOST WELL ROTTED HORSE MANURE Dried — Ground — Odorless A natural manure for the use of Gardeners, Truck Growers and for General Farming. It is largely HUMUS and rich in Plant Foods, which are immedi- ately available. It also stimulates bacteriological action in the soil. It is sure to please the most critical grower. Write for Circular “C” and prices. N y STABLE MANURE CO. 273 Washington St., Jersey City, N. J. Make $5 to $20 Weekly Grow Mushrooms in Spare Time Spawn now produced by scientific methods. Makes crops certain. Anyone, anywhere, can now grow mushrooms — at home, in cellar, barns, sheds, etc. No experience necessary. I tell you how to grow, sell, etc. Good prices, market unlimited. My in- structions based on 20 years’ experience. Used in State Agricultural colleges. Information free. A remarkable opportunity to increase your income. Address A. V. JACKSON, Falmouth Mushroom Cellars, Inc., 378 Gifford St., Falmouth, Mass. Only Scientific Mushroom Farm in United States When other’s Gardens are in a blaze of glory in the Fall with Hardy Chrysanthemums do not have a regret that you did not order at the proper time. Order and Plant at Once Thirty excellent varieties for out-door culture, in a wide range of color. 15c each; $1.25 per doz; $7.00 per 100 We prepay all delivery charges. Strafford Flower Farm Box 370 Strafford, Pa. May, 1915 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 233 A scientific and thoroughly proven combi- nation of Radium Element with fertilizer containing Nitrogen, Phosphoric Acid, and Potash. One pound will fertilize 50 square feet, or a plot / 0 feet by 5 feet. Dr. H. H. Rusby, of Columbia Uni- versity, says of tests he made with Radi- um Brand Fertilizer (R. A. F.): “These tests also demonstrated that the quality of Radium-grown vegetables was much better than the quality of vegetables grown in untreated ground.” It also wonderfully im- proves the bloom of flowers. Sample Can, Prepaid, 25c. Radium Brand Fertilizer (R. A. F.) is sold by dealers. If your dealer cannot supply you send us his name and 25c for can (12 oz. net R. A. F.) prepaid. Also sold as fol- lows, prepaid, where dealers cannot supply you: 2 lb* can $ .50 5 lb. can 1.00 Kadium 10 lb. can 1.75 makes- things 25 lb. can 3.75 grow . v/T C ^ US' Free Book tells how' Permanent territorial representatives This border of vegetables, lawn and shrubbery grown with Radium Brand Fertilizer ( R.A.F .) For better flowers, a perfect lawn, lux- uriant shrubberies, more vegetables and better vegetables — and for increasing the rapidity of all vegetable and plant life — use Radium Brand Fertilizer (R. A. F.) Use it when planting; if planting has already been done, it should be applied frequently. Dig it in around the roots, top dress your lawns, feed your shrub- bery and vines. Give your plants food so that they will grow and you will not be disappointed. wanted to call on dealers. Write us for particulars. Radium Fertilizer Company 211 Vanadium Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. TRAOE MARK Re/e prices. Write Box 330, Garden Magazine 11 W. 32nd St. New York Bob White Quail Partridges and Pheasants Capercailzies, Black Game, Wild Turkeys, Quails, Rabbits, Deer, etc., for stocking purposes. Fancy Pheasants, Peafowl. Swans, Cranes. Storks, Ornamental Geese and Ducks. Foxes, Squirrels, Ferrets, etc., and all kinds of birds and animals. WILLIAM J. MACKENSEN, Naturalist Dept. 55, Pheasantry and Game Park YARDLEY, PA. G. D. TILLEY Naturalist “ Everything in the Bird Line from a Canary to an Ostrich” Birds for the House and Porch Birds for the Ornamental Waterway Birds for the Garden, Pool and Aviary Birds for the Game Preserve and Park I am the oldest established and largest exclusive dealer in land and water birds in America and have on hand the most extensive stock in the United States. G. D.TILLEY, Naturalist Box G. Darien, Conn. DESTROY THAT CAT and SAVE YOUR BIRDS Cats destroy millions of our native birds each year. Our new box cat trap solves the problem. Catches and holds the cat without the slighest injury or discomfort. Easy to set, easy to chloroform and dispose of the cat. Humane, sure and clean. Can be opened at both ends for cleaning. No clumsy pro- truding parts. Dimensions 9 in. by 11 in. by 29 in long. Delivered to any express office east of the Mississippi for $5.00, express prepaid. Send for in- formation and folder. Department X. (JujeroiombIe^ DAVID T. ABERCROMBIE CO. ».c^CAMP— 311 Broadway New York City How Silky His Coat ! What is This Worth to You?— ^ A pair of bluebirds are worth their weight in gold, but a neat, bark covered hollow log house for them costs but Si. 25, Express extra. Send to-day and put this house up at once, bluebirds are already here. Send for fully illustrated circular (D) of the famous HOWES bird attractors — it’s free. THE MAPLEWOOD BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY Stamford, Connecticut That’s the evidence of right feeding. If you want your dog to be in good condition, gentle, clear eyed and good tempered, feed him Austin’s Dog Bread. It contains all the elements necessary to his diet — lean meat, bone meal, and high- grade cereals. It never sours and every dog likes it. 8end I’s Your Name and Address and'we'U send enough Austin's Dog Bread for your dog's dinner, and a most interesting book. "About Dogs,'' for you. Give your dealer's name, too, please. AUSTIN BOG BREAD A ANIMAL FOOD COMPANY 255 Marginal Street Chelsea, Mass. Poultry, Kennel and Live Stock Directory LtTontioorabcaret,hoef dogs, poultry and live stock will be gladly given. Address INFORMATION DEPARTMENT, The Garden Magazine, 11-13 West 32d Street, New York. You Can’t Cut Out A BOG SPAVIN, PUFF or THOROUGHPIN, but ABSORBINE ** TRADE MARK RE&.US PAT. OFF. will clean them off permanently, and you work the horse same time. Does not blister or remove the hair. S2.00 per bottle, de- livered. Will tell you more if you write. Book 4 K Free W. F. YOUNG, P. D. F., 152 Temple Street, Springfield, Mass. Annuals For Late Bloom LAST fall, when late October found my garden denuded of, most of its bloom, [I blessed the spring day when I had planted cosmos and zinnias. The cosmos, graceful, and lovely through the early fall, drooped with the first frost; but the zinnias were still blossoming gaily in late October. Seeds of both these flowers can be planted in April and May in the open, as soon as the ground can be comfortably worked. I suppose time would be saved by earlier indoor planting, but as the late bloom is what I want, I sow my seeds outdoors. The cosmos I plant where I want it to grow. I stretch tall chicken wire along the back of the hardy border and plant the two varieties of cosmos — early and late — along this wire, in two rows, the early in the first row and the late back of that. The rows should be a foot apart, the seeds about six inches apart in the rows. The wire serves as a support, and when the cosmos has attained its full growth, a string or two keeps it in place. The zinnias should be sown in the seed bed, as transplanting makes them so much sturdier. The bed should be well prepared, and the seeds sown sparsely in rows. Be careful to keep the colors separate — zinnias “swear” dreadfully at each other! I never use mixed zinnia seed. The red zinnias are perhaps the showiest — I use them in the tulip bed, which has a background of barberry, and in Novem- ber the red berries of the barberry, and the red zinnias, make a gorgeous bed. The little plants can be set among the tulips before the leaves of the latter have died, provided, of course, the bulbs are not to be taken up. My tulip bed has blossomed for four years without taking up; it is, of course, an informal bed, and is the lovelier, to my mind, for not being stiff and conventional. Yellow zinnias are pretty, and the yellow and brown shades look well with the yellow button chrysanthemums. Then there are the pinks — some good, some very bad. The best plan is to plant the pastel shades and pinks off by themselves the first year, and save only the good colors, keeping these separate. Saving, by the way, is the best as well as the cheapest way to get zinnia seed, for only by saving can you be sure of the colors. New Jersey. Mary T. Richardson. Supports For Garden Peas DESPITE some claims to the contrary, even the dwarf varieties of garden peas do much better with supports; and for the medium and tall va- rieties, a support is almost as essential as the soil itself. Growers in the South have easier solutions for this problem than those living in other sections. Some of the great truck growers near Charleston plant their early peas on the old cotton field and the vines find ideal support on the dead and dry cotton stalks. But the average gardener must take his choice between ware mesh and such brush as he can secure. Metal trellises for peas are obtainable; but their cost is such that they must be considered as reserved for the gardens of the wealthy. Good brush is really better than wire; but of course it is perishable, and seldom can be made to last more than two seasons. Wire mesh is perhaps in the end the most reliable support; and, since it can be used for many seasons, it is economical. But its effectiveness depends to a large degree on the method employed in planting the peas. After long consideration of this question, and after a series of experiments extending over a number of years, it has been found that quadruple rows of peas, with the wire support stretched between two pairs of close rows, is most economical of space and most satisfactory in results. Twin rows are planted two and one half inches apart; then a space of four inches is left, down the middle of which the wire is tightly stretched. On the other side of the wire, two other rows are set. In this manner, a single stretch of wire will give support to four rows of peas. The distance between each set of quadruple rows should not be less than three feet. A 4-foot wire, four or five inches off the ground, will support all the ordinary varieties of peas. The wire should be strongly, staked every ten or twelve feet. Pennsylvania. Archibald Rutledge. The Readers' Service will give information about automobiles May, 1915 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 239 The Garden Library Now is the time to improve your home grounds — another tree, shrubs, a flower bed will increase the value of your property more than you realize. Double the crops from your. garden and reduce your cost of living this very year. The Garden Library will tell you what to plant, how to plant it — treatment of the soils, etc., etc. The books in the Garden Library are practical, com- plete, and authoritative, — every one by an expert. The twelve attractive volumes with the Gar- den Magazine for a year for only $1.00 a month for fourteen months. Mail the coupon now! The Flower Garden By Ida D. Bennett A clear and concise summary of every pos- sible sort of information that might be de- sired by any one interested in gardens. House Plants and How to Grow Them By P. T. Barnes Nothing gives a more cheerful look to a home than growing plants and flowers, yet few people appreciate the possibilities of their cultivation within doors. This volume des- cribes hundreds of foliage and flowering plants suitable for home culture and gives complete details for their raising and propa- gation. iThe Orchard and Fruit Garden By E. P. Powell This book is without question the most com- prehensive and useful manual ever published on this subject. It is a mine of practical in- formation on the cultivation of nearly every kind of fruit grown in this part of the world and gives all the latest developments in fruit culture. Lawns and How to Make Them By Leonard Barron How to make good lawns at the least possi- ble expense is explained in a practical way in this volume and directions for their up- keep given. The necessities, soil, water, and seed of lawns in different localities, are indicated and for the first time the use of in- gredients in lawp seed mixtures is explained. Vines and How to Grow Them By William McCollum The whole subject of vine cultivation for the practical gardener is here thoroughly cov- ered. Not only are the commoner varieties of hardy annuals and woody vines discussed and the best methods for their cultivation in- dicated but complete directions are alsogiven for growing the more unusual greenhouse varieties. Daffodils — Narcissus — And How to Grow Them By A. M. Kirby The various types of daffodils and narcissus are here described and the characteristics of each, whether suitable for out-of-doors, home or hot-house culture, fully shown. Tables indicating the type of soil necessary for hundreds of different varieties, their shape, size, planting and blooming time, and other peculiarities are also given. Roses and How to Grow Them By Many Experts The most authoritative book recently pub- lished on American practice both outdoors and under glass. It shows when, where, and how to plant, gives full instructions for regu- lar care of the plants, for pruning, for the eradication of pests, and contains descrip- tions of the different types and races of roses with their peculiarities. Garden Planning By W. S. Rogers This volume is really a guide to escaping the common faults of amateur garden planning. The broad principles for different types ot gardens are always the same and these are here given in such a form that they may be easily applied to the different conditions fac- ing tj^ardener. Chrysanthemums and How to Grow Them By I. L. Powell The most practical guide for an amateur cul- tivator of this the most effective and useful of all garden flowers. The volume shows how the different varieties are raised, how pests are destroyed, how the greenhouse products are best produced, and includes complete tables showing the type, color, and planting and blooming times of hundreds of varieties. Water Lilies and How to Grow Them By H. S. Conard and Henri Hus Written by the two greatest authorities on water lilies in America. This volume is the best practical guide to their cultivation. The varieties suitable to different conditions are fully described, their characteristics shown and full instructions for the making of inex- pensive ponds given. The Vegetable Garden By Ida D. Bennett This book deals fully with the various vege- tables that form the staple of the small gar- den. Ferns and How to Grow Them By G. A. Woolson This practical volume by a real nature stu- dent who has solved the various problems of growing our native ferns is of peculiar inter- est because of its completeness and method of approach. Nearly every variety of fern native to this coantry that may be grown within doors and without is fully described and its habits shown. FREE — If You Order Quickly THE GARDEN MAGAZINE for One Year— THE 1915 GARDEN AND FARM ALMANAC {200 pages, fully illustrated) SEND NO MONEY — Simply send in the attached order blank and the books will come to you. If you decide to keep them, pay by small monthly installments, if not return them at our expense; you will owe us nothing. As a Special Reward for promptness we will include with your order for The Garden Library a whole year’s subscription to The Garden Magazine. The Garden Magazine you need to keep you in touch with the latest gardening news and methods. This is the greatest of all gardening combinations. Use the coupon to-day. This Coupon Saves You Money. Use It To-day Garden City DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY New York Doubleday, Page & Co., Garden City, N. Y. G. M. 5-15 Gentlemen: — Please send me The Garden Library in 12 volumes and enter the name of for one year’s subscription to The Garden Magazine. Also send me the 200 page 1915 Garden and Farm Almanac. If the books are satisfactory I agree to pay $1.00 on acceptance, $1.00 a month for 13 months. If the books are not satisfac- tory I will return them within ten days. The Readers' Service is prepared to advise parents in regard to schools 240 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE May, 1915 CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING DEPARTMENT In this department are published announcements of firms offering goods or service of definite interest to garden enthusiasts. This department is also open to any of our subscribers who may wish to buy, sell or exchange goods through the use of announcements herein. The rate is five cents a word (average eight words to the line), payable in advance. The name and address is counted as part of the advertisement; initials or figures count the same as words. Copy must reach us not later than the 10th of the month preceding date of issue to appear in the edition dated the following month — -Thus copy for the classified depart- ment of the June edition must be in our office May ioth. No display allowed other than capitals on first line. Smallest advertisement accepted, $i .00. Address Classified Advertising Department, The Garden Magazine, 11 IVest 32nd Street, New York City ASTERS GLADIOLUS ASTER PLANTS 100 Queen of the Market, early, mixed. Price by mail postpaid $i . oo 75 Vicks Mikado, white, rose, pink, Rochester i .00 75 Giant Comet, white, lavender, pink 1.00 50 Lady Roosevelt, lavender gem, enchantress pink, royal stripe 1 . 00 50 Sawyer Astermum, white, pink, lavender 1 .00 100 Violet King, rose king, lavender king, Crego. White, rose 1 00 Plants 4-6 inches high. Ready for delivery May 15th to July 1st. Our stock of the above is limited. This makes it necessary for you to order at once to get these prices. The Oldbrick Farms. T. M. Watson, mgr. Orwell, Ashtabula Co., Ohio. ASTER PLANTS, that will bloom and beautify your lawn. Post- paid 4 dozen, 25c; 100, 40c.: i.ooo, $2.75. Isaac Tshudy, Smoke- town, Pa. CANNAS “BOOK OF THE CANNA” — a history and treatise describing 108 best Cannas. Free. Write now; season here. The Conard & Jones Co., Box 24, West Grove, Pa. DAHLIAS DAHLIAS. The Wonderful New Golden Yellow Cactus Dahlia Golden Gate, winner of numerousfirst prizes and certificates of merit. The Golden Gate caused a sensation when exhibited in New York and other parts of the country. Introduced by us 1914. and is now considered by the leading Dahlia Specialists and other Horticultur- ists to be the finest, largest, and best blooming Dahlia in cultiva- tion. Three to six immense large blooms open at one time, on extra long stems. An exceptionally good keeping cut flower. Your garden is not complete without this wonderful chrysanthemum-like Dahlia, for the beautiful dazzling golden yellow color of the flowers will delight and attract everyone. This Dahlia is drought, blight, and insect proof, and will bloom when all others fail, and is to Dahlias what the King Humbert is to Cannas or the American Beauty is to Roses. Testimonials received daily confirming above claims from last year customers. Special Introductory Offer: 1 whole root of the Golden Gate special price, postpaid 50c. each, $5.00 a dozen. Regu- lar value, $1.00 each. Long Island Dalhia Gardens, Hicksville, L. I. N. Y. BARGAINS IN NEW DAHLIAS 1 John Wanamaker, new Paeony $2.00 1 Dorothy Peacock, new pink show .35 6 Beautiful new Cactus Dahlias 1.25 6 Beautiful new Decorative Dahlias 1.25 6 Beautiful new Giant Century Dahlias 1.25 All above by mail postpaid , $5.00. Larger roots by express (charges collect). Catalogue free. Peacock Dahlia Farms, Berlin, New Jersey. INTRODUCTORY OFFER. A complete collection of fifteen prize winning Dahlias, of the best new and standard varieties that are dependable bloomers, embracing all colors and classes. Cactus, Decorative, Pompon, Peony, Show, and Single, each bulb labeled true to name. Collection of fifteen named varieties. Postpaid for $1.00. Collection of thirty named prize winning Dahlias, all classes and colors, postpaid for $2.00. Long Island Dahlia Gardens, Hicks- ville, L. I., N. Y. PRIZE MEDAL DAHLIAS. We are glad to hear that the free bulbs sent out last year gave such good satisfaction. Our Stock was grown in nearly every state in the country. We want every dahlia lover to send for our catalogue of Prize Medal Dahlias. Forbes & Keith, 299 Chancery St., New Bedford, Mass. DAHLIA bulbs. My Special First Prize Collection, not less than 15 varieties via express. $7 worth for $5. Stillman, The Dahlia Specialist, Westerly, R. I. THE BROCKTON DAHLIA FARM has the largest and finest col- lection of Dahlias in the United States. Send for Catalogue. W. P. Lothrop, Prop., East Bridgewater, Mass. DAHLIAS. Fine collection of cactus, decorative and show, named varieties. Every one different. 3 for 25c., 15 for $1.00 postpaid. Ralph Benjamin, Calverton, L. I. DAHLIAS, 25, $1.00; Gladiolus, 100, $1.00; Valley, 50, $1.00; Cannas, 50, $1.00; Golden Glow, 50, $1.00. Five lots and six Peonies for $5.00. Catalogue free. J. L. Moore, Northboro, Mass. FOR USE IN THE GARDEN PAPER POTS AND DIRT BANDS. 2\ inch Pots: 1,000, $1.00; 500, 75c; 3 inch: 1,000, $1.25; 500, 90c.; 4 inch: 1,000, $1.75; 500, Si. 25. Send for Price List and Big Folder giving experiences of 54 Gardeners and Florists. Cabbage plants, all varieties, $2.00 per 1000, 500, $1.25. List free. F. W* Rochelle & Sons, 105 Main St., Chester, New Jersey. BEES. Keep them in your garden for honey and money. We sup- ply Italian Bees, Hives, Books, etc. Catalog Free. “Gleanings in Bee Culture, ” 6 months trial 25c. The A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio. BEARING DWARF APPLE TREES, 7 years old . $2.50 each Standard Apple Trees, 2 years old, per hundred, Si 5.00 and $20.00 Dwarf Apple Trees, 1 & 2 years old, per hundred, $35.00; each, 75c Standard Pear Trees, 2 years old, per hundred .... $20.00 Dwarf Pear Trees, 2 years old, per hundred $35.00 Sweet and Sour Cherry on Mazzard roots, the only kind for the Eastern States. All kinds of fruit trees. Budded from trees we know to be good producers. Grown on the best roots and in the best possible manner. Fraser’s Tree Book, free, tells all about them. Samuel Fraser, Box 2, Geneseo, N. Y. BEAUTIFUL CALIFORNIA SOUVENIRS: Orange. Lemon and Grape Fruit trees, now loaded with beautiful, fragrant blossoms. With a little care you can grow your own blossoms and fruit; blos- soms fresh and sweet for the wedding day. Price of trees, blossom- ing size, $1.00 each, securely packed, delivered to you prepaid. Free cultural instructions and information regarding the citrus in- dustry in California with each order. Send order to-day. South- land Nurseries, 2141 E. Colorado St., Pasadena, Calif. CULTIVATE HORSE-RADISH. Garden, Field or Farm. In- creasing demand, large profits. 100 rootsets, with full information $1.00. 8 grape vines, 6 currant bushes. Grapes of your selection from 7 best varieties. Large Cherry Currants, all best 3 year old stock, $1.00. If planted in early spring, will fruit next summer. Write for list of our $1 Friend Makers, consisting of all kinds of Fruit Trees, Berries and Roses. Valley Farm Co., Newburgh, N. Y. EVERBEARING STRAWBERRY PROGRESSIVE. The most wonderful variety ever offered. Strictly an everbearing variety. Resembles Dunlap in habit of growth and fruit. Descriptive Cat- alogue free. Price, postpaid, dozen $1.25; by express, dozen $1.00; 100, $6.00. I. N. Kramer & Son, Cedar Rapids, Iowa. BERRY PLANTS. Raspberry, Cumberland, and Kansas Black, Cuthbert Red; Blackberry, Erie, Taylor, Snyder and Eldorado at $2.00 per 100 any variety. Full line of trees and plants at The Lan- caster County Nurseries, R. F. D. No. 7, Lancaster, Pa. Get our price list. FALL BEARING STRAWBERRIES, Superb and Progressive, $1.50 per 100, postpaid. Raspberries $1.50 per 100, express. Geo. H. Schenck, Elsie, Mich. GARDEN LECTURERS MRS. S. A. BROWN offers the following list of lectures on subjects of special interest to amateur garden clubs. 1. The ways and means of amateur exhibitions, 2. When the east and west meet in the ar- rangement of flowers, 3. Personality in the garden, 4. Colour and correct colour nomenclature. 165 West 58th Street, New York. HOME VEGETABLE GARDENING presented in entertaining form. Illustrated with many fine slides. Textbook $1.00. For particulars address Adolph Kruhm, Greene, N. Y. MRS. B. HAMMOND TRACY. Practical talks on the Gladiolus, Illustrated with carefully colored slides. Correspondehce solicited. Address Cedar Acres, Wenham, Mass. HELP WANTED WANTED. As resident Secretary for owner of an extensive private country estate near New York City, a well-bred, well educated young man, who is a capable stenographer and typewriter and understands bookkeeping, gardening and purchasing supplies for a country place. Highest references required. No answers will be considered that do not state fully age, references, qualifications and salary expected. Answer Secretary, P. O. Box 822, N. Y. City. The advertisers who use these pages have confidence in The Garden Magazine’s business-producing power, and the only way they have of knowing that the advertising in this magazine interests you is by your mentioning The Garden Magazine in your response. — We will thank you. — The Ad Man TO THOSE YYHO APPRECIATE QUALITY. 25 Giant Orchid h lowering Gladiolus Bulbs, including blue, yellow, etc., specially se- lected; also the new creamy pink ‘ ‘Glory,” exquisitely waved petals, postpaid $1.00. Artistic booklet of rare gladioli free. Over 50 awards, also two firsts Boston, 1914. H. E. Meader, Gladiolus Specialist, Dover, N. H. PLANT GLADIOLI NOW. Varieties American Faust, King, Halley, Hulot, Augusta thirty cents per dozen, $1.50 per hundred. Best bargain yet. Large bulbs. Roses only nineteen cents each. Fine two year stock. Catalogue free. Sumner Perkins, Danvers, Mass. HAVE YOU NOTICED my Advertisements in The Garden Maga- zine for February, March and April? and do you realize what you will miss by not planting some of my variety “Peace?” Arthur Cowee, Gladiolus Specialist, Box 1, Berlin, N. Y. V\ RITE FOR OUR SPECIAL PRICES on the following choice gladioli, Panama, Niagara, Mrs. Frank Pendleton, Prince of Wales, Glory of Noordwijh, Willy Wigman, Meteor and several other nov- elties of great merit. W. E. Kirchhoff Co., Pembroke, New York. GLADIOLI. Fifty selected blooming bulbs and catalog for fifty cents, postpaid. Pacific slope and east of Hartford add ten cents and I add 500 bulblets. Geo. S. Woodruff, Independence, Iowa. I SHALL BE GLAD TO HELP YOU in making selections or furnish any information I can to help you to succeed with Gladioli. My catalog free for the asking. Arthur Cowee, Gladiolus Specialist, Box 1, Berlin, N. Y. GLADIOLI. Send $1.00 for 40 mixed bulbs, fine varieties. Parcel post. Thomas J. Oberlin, Sinking Spring, Pa. LARGE FLOWERING GLADIOLUS. Bulbs, (Silver Trophy Strain), assorted colors. 1 dozen of my finest named varieties 35 cts. 3 dozen $1.00 postpaid. Try them. Frank Thomas, Theresa, N. Y. WE ALL HOPE THE WAR WILL SOON END, but if you pur- chase and plant my variety “War,” you will look forward every sea- son to the time it will bloom. Arthur Cowee, Gladiolus Specialist, Box 1, Berlin, N. Y. DERBY GARDENS GLADIOLI. Buy of the grower acclimated stock. Send for list. John H. Umpleby, Lake View, N. Y. GLADIOLUS AMERICA, F. King, Augusta, Glory, $1.00 per 100 mixed or separate. Glory of Holland, Alice Carey, two finest whites. $1.50 per 100. Princeps, largest red, $1.25 per 100. Scars- dale, lavender-pink, $1.25 per 100. We grow gladioli. Ralph E. Huntington, wholesale grower, Painesville, O. HERBACEOUS AND FLOWERING PLANTS STRONG 2-YEAR OLD PLANTS that will give a wealth of bloom the first season, $2.00 per doz., $15.00 per 100, in assortment. You may name varieties preferred, which we will follow if possible. Climbers, Hybrid Teas and Hardy Perpetuals. Over 50 of the best varieties. Send for our large general catalogue of Roses, Shrubs, Herbaceous Plants, Dahlias, Gladiolus. Everything to make your garden beautiful. Baur Floral Co., 15 E. 9th St., Erie, Pa. “ We don’t understand how you can sell such large, lovely plants at such low prices.” This is what one customer writes. “You will be surprised at the low prices when you get our catalog of Hardy Old-Fashioned Flowers,” write for your copy today. W. E. King, Box 386, Little Silver, New Jersey. BUY YOUR BEDDING PLANTS FROM ME this Summer and save from 20 per cent, to 30 per cent. Geraniums, large blooming plants, $i.co per dozen, instead of $r.5o. Many other bargains, send for catalog. W. E. King, Box 386, Little Silver, N. J. CYCLAMENS are the finest winter blooming Plants. We are Specialists, have the latest Novelties. Plants from Flats, five cents; from Pots, ten cents. Orders from Dollar up. Cultural Directions with orders. Christ. Winterick, Cyclamen Specialist, Defiance, O. SNAPDRAGON. Silver Pink, Cerise, Goldenfleece White, Dark Red. Rooted cuttings $1.00 per 100. 2 inch pots $2.00, 4 inch pots $5.00. Pine Grove Floral Company, 35 Hudson St., Lynn, Mass. ROCKY MOUNTAIN COLUMBINE. America’s most beautiful wild flower. Lavender and yellow. Seed for ten cents. Plant twenty cents in two cent stamps. Park Floral Co., Denver, Colorado. TUBEROSES. Mexican Everblooming Tuberoses, $2.00 per hun- dred prepaid. 50 at 100 rates. Fant’s Greenhouse, Anderson, S. C. GERANIUMS $1.50 PER DOZ. $12.00 per 100, red, white, light and dark pink. Phone 58J. George Bros. & Co., Springdale, Pa. In uniting to advertisers please mention the Garden Magazine. May, 1915 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE £41 HERBACEOUS AND FLOWERING PLANTS Cont. FUNKIA VARIEGATA, finest for shady places; doz. 75c.; 100 $5.00. Japan Iris, all colors, separate or mixed, doz. $1.00; 100 $8.00. Phloxes 30 varieties $3.00 per 100 up. Write for list. Ralph E. Huntington, wholesale grower, Painesville, O. SHASTA DAISY, Coreopsis Lanceolata, Long Spurred Colum- bines, Double Hollyhocks, Sweet Williams, Double Blue Cornflow- ers, Foxgloves, 18 strong plants for $1.00. Late Branching Asters ready June, dozen 25c. 100 $1.00. Harold L. Brown, Barrington, New Jersey. NEW AND OLD FASHION FLOWERS, lawn, shrubs, and cover- ing plants. Large stock, moderate prices. Send for list. Wyo- manock Nurseries, R. 5, Lebanon Springs, N. Y. INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES APHINE — the well known standard insecticide for aphis, and all sap-sucking insects which infest flowers and vegetables in the gar- den. It will keep your roses, sweet peas, peonies and all plants, free from insects. Endorsed by prominent horticultural authorities. Gill 25c; half pint 40c; pint, 65c; quart $1.00; gallon $2.50. Fungine — is a concentrated sulphur composition, which, unlike Bordeaux mixture, does not stain, but cleanses the foliage. A specific remedy for mildew, rust and wilt, affecting flowers, fruits and vegetables. Half pint 30c; pint 50c; quart 75c; gallon $2.00. Vermine — a soil sterilizer and vermicide. Destroys cut, wire, eel and grub worm, maggots and root lice. Used one part to four hundred parts of water, thoroughly soaking the ground, it will protect your plants against the ravage of the soil. Gill 25c; half pint 40c; pint 65c; quart Si. 00; gallon $3.00. Sealine — an oil and sulphur composition three-in-one, a scalicide. insecticide and fungicide combined. A most efficient win- ter spraying material against San Jose and other scale — and a sum- mer spray for aphis and other sap-sucking insects infesting trees, shrubs and hardy plants. It is a marked improvement over the old- fashioned kerosene emulsion and fish oil soaps, more effective, and more economical. Quart 75c; gallon $1.50: ten gallons $10.00. The above named products are for sale by the leading seedsmen through- out the country. If not obtainable in your community, send your order direct to us and we will have it shipped to you from our near- est agency. Aphine Mfg. Co., Mfrs. of Agricultural Chemicals, Madison, N. J. SAN JOSE SCALE and kindred insects quickly and thoroughly controlled by Sulco V. B., a sulphur-whale oil compound. Booklet free. Charles Fremd, Sole Maker, North Rose, N. Y. WEED KILLER is the best money saver for the gardener. Try ours. Pino Lyptol Chemical Co., 455-457 West 26th St., New York. IF YOU GROW FLOWERS OR ARE TROUBLED WITH WEEDS ON YOUR PATHS, send for our booklet “The Insect and Weed Problem Solved.” The Reade Mfg. Co., Hoboken, N. J. MISCELLANEOUS JERSEY COAST MAGAZINE is the best guide to summer happi- ness; many pictures; resort and hotel information. Send fifteen cents to Asbury Park office for June number; year’s subscription fifty cents. H. E. Denegar, 709 Second Ave., Asbury Park, N. J. QUALITY SEEDS AND PLANTS. The choicest European and American strains. Our catalogue describes them without fuss or frills. The truth without exaggerations to mislead you. Catalogue free; L. P. Butler & Co., Monadnock Greenhouses, Keene, N. H. JAPANESE TEA GARDEN made most unique and artistic in short time, in any part of U. S. and Canada. T. R. Otsuka, 414 South Michigan Blvd., Chicago, 111. HOME CANNING OUTFITS. Particulars free. Large profits. American Farmers’ School, Minneapolis, Minn. NURSERY STOCK EVERGREENS — May is the ideal month to plant Evergreens, Rhododendrons, etc. Our Nurseries at Flushing, L. I., and Springfield, N. J., embrace over six hundred acres, and contain per- haps the most complete collection of Evergreens and Evergreen Shrubs available. We will design and plant if you wish. 72 page catalogue. Also booklet, "Evergreens — Planting and Treatment,” by H. E. Holden, free upon request. American Nursery Company, Singer Bldg., N. Y. OLD BOXWOODS. A few specimens six feet high and equally broad, send for photos. Also small Boxwood at low rates per thousand. Norway Maples 8 to 10 ft. $35. per hundred. Rock- land Nurseries, Blauvelt, N. Y. NATIVES EVERGREENS. Hemlock, American Spruce, Arbor- vita?. White Pine, Balsam Fir, 6 to 12 inches. $5 per 1,000; 5,000 for $25, f. o. b. Also transplanted evergreens. Write for price list. The James A. Root Nurseries, Skaneateles, N. Y. BOXWOODS, EVERGREENS, Spruces, Fruit Trees, Shrubs, Vines, Bedding plants, bulbs, seeds, fertilizer, etc., retail at whole- sale prices. Estimates cheerfully given. Barclay Nursery, Bar- clay St., and West B’dway. N. Y. LARGE SPECIMEN EVERGREENS. Boxwood, Conifers, Rho- dos, Hemlocks, Hollies, Kalmias, etc. Write for Special List, also of Tulip, White Dogwood, Oxydendrum and other trees. Rosebay Nursery, Garden City, N. C. BERBERIS THUNBERGII, 12-18 inches $7.00 per 100. Ralph E. Huntington, wholesale grower, Painesville, O. HARDY VINCA MINOR for Cemeteries or shady lawns $2.00, 100; $15.00, 1,000. Jos. Calamari, 59 Waldron Ave., Central Nyack, New York. VINCA MINOR (myrtle). Field clump, strong, $25.00 per 1,000. R. G. Stoothoff, 278 High Ave., Nyack, N. Y. NURSERY STOCK— Continued Box Trees, Pyramidal 2-25 ft. $1.80 Each; $3.50 pair 3- 3 2 ft. 3 . 00 Each ; 5.00 pair 4- 4 1 ft. 6.00 Each; 10.00 pair Also Vines, Shrubs, etc. Ford Nurseries, Rye, Westchester Co., N.Y. PETS HANDSOME SCOTCH COLLIES; Champion Wishaw Clinker Type. Special price if ordered now. Melzar C. Richards, 139 Delaware St., Syracuse, N. Y. BOSTON TERRIERS, all ages, low prices, no catalogue. Close description given to select from. Carpenter’s. 148 Portland St., Boston, Mass. PERSIAN CATS. Imported stock, blacks and blues. First prizes New York, California etc. “Champion Erebus” at stud undefeated black. Telephone 463. Box 446, Oyster Bay. PHOTOGRAPHY PHOTOGRAPHY IN NATURAL COLORS is within the reach of every camera owner. Why not enjoy the pleasure of having per- fect photographs of your garden in its natural colors and so retain its beauties this summer in permanent form ? Or the joys and incidents of your vacation ? Permanent and true souvenirs of the sunny hours of your life ? Why not learn to make color photographs yourself ? Toward that aim I can assist you and make it possible for you to master this fascinating pastime in a few practical demonstrations. All you have to do is to notify me by a letter and I will give your letter my personal attention no matter where you may be. Let me hear from you. Paul G. Guillumette, 75 Fifth Avenue, New York. Formerly official demonstrator for the Lumiere Autochrome. POULTRY IRISH BUTTER BALL FOWLS; new, imported, fine. W'orld’s egg record Leghorns. Wyandottes, Brahmas, Reds. Leghorn and Brahma eggs amazingly large; shipped on approval; write for cir- cular. Mary Ray Farm, Dedham, Mass. POULTRY PAPER. 44-124 page periodical, up-to-date; tells all. you want to know about care and management of poultry, for leasure or profit; 4 months for 10c. Poultry Advocate, Dept. 217, yracuse, N. Y. ROSES ROSES — RED ROSES!. Big vigorous bushes, Richmond, Kil- lamey, American Beauties, everblooming June till frosts; deliciously fragrant; 50c. value each; nine assorted $2.00 prepaid. Satisfac- tion guaranteed. Send currency our risk. John Crook, dealer, 950 Lockwood Avenue, Chicago. DINGEE ROSES. Pot grown plants safely transplanted any time during the growing season. Can be sent with the soil on the roots. Send for Guide to Rose Culture Free. The Dingee & Conard Co., West Grove, Pa. "HOW TO GROW ROSES” — an instructive booklet of 10 delight- ful chapters, describing 101 prize winners. Price 10c. The Conard & Jones Co., Box 24, West Grove, Pa. PLANE THE BEST red garden rose “Ahrenberg.” $3.00 per dozen prepaid. Henry Eichholz, Waynesboro, Pa. SITUATIONS WANTED ASSISTANT GARDENER wants position on private estate. 22 years old, Irish. 7 years’ experience indoor and outdoor gar- dening. E. F., 173-nth St., Long Island City, N. Y. SITUATION WANTED: Experienced Landscape Gardener, with diploma. Florist, Greenhouses, growing of flowers and vegetables. References. Single. John Balint, Box 64, Bernardsville, N. J. Results Count W. E. KIRCHHOFF CO. PEMBROKE, N. Y.' April, 12, 1915 Mr. Joseph J. Lane, Manager Garden Magazine , Garden City, N. Y. Dear Sir — The results obtained from our Classified Advertisement of Gladioli in the March issue of The Garden Magazine are most gratifying. From a little ad. of 36 words we received inquiries from Maine to California and have already booked several good- sized orders. As the season will not be over until about July First we expect to do some pretty good business with the readers (of The Garden Magazine) from whom we have received inquiries. For the amount of the little ad. ($1.80) we think your paper is a Record Breaker for Business-Getting. Wishing you continued success. Y'ours very truly, W. E. Kirchhoff Co. ( Signed ) W. E. Kirchhoff, Jr. SITUATIONS WANTED— Continued SITUATION WANTED. Superintendent or head gardener seeks position on private estate, vicinity of New York. Life experience Europe and America in growing roses, carnations, mums, potted plants, fruits and vegetables. Best of references, married, present employer can be interviewed. Address Supt. Edge-Lawn Green- houses, Brockport, N. Y. SEEDS AND BULBS GIANT PANSIES. Steele’s Mastodon Strain, the largest and most marvelously colored in existence. Flowers measure up to 3$ inches in diameter. Why plant common small flowering pansies when you can buy these beautiful Giants of new shades and varia- tions, postpaid in bud and bloom for 40c. doz., 3 doz., $1.00. Long Island Dahlia Gardens, Hicksville. L. I., N. Y. “MAKE YOUR GARDEN GLAD” (trade mark). Our 1915 Garden Guide tells you about the best* in Horticulture for 1915. Mailed free. Winterson’s Seed Store, 166 No. Wabash Ave., Chi- cago. TULIPS, NARCISSI, IRISES. Ready in August. Send name now for special early order list, ready soon after blooming time. Oronogo Flower Gardens, Carthage, Mo. HARDY CHRYSANTHEMUMS. Our new list describes eighty- five of the best varieties. Write for it. Scott Bros., Elmsford, N. Y. IRISES EXCLUSIVELY! Over 500 varieties to choose from, for all locations and gardens. Catalog on request. The Gardens, Dayton, Ohio. HARDY CHRYSANTHEMUMS. 6 assorted colors 25c. Cul- tural notes free. Staten Island Chrys. Farm, Signs Road, New SDringville, Staten Island. New York. ASTER SEED. Largest growers of finest strains of florist’s aster seed. Our stocks are used by more professional growers than any other. We grow seeds. Ralph E. Huntington, wholesale grower, Painesville, O. RESORTS TWO TRAINED NURSES. Male and female, will take for the summer months or a shorter period, convalescent, nervous, or semi- invalid patient into well appointed home. Strictly fresh vegetables, eggs, chickens, etc., from our own farm. Cheerful, congenial com- pany, quiet country village with the finest scenery in Connecticut, located at the foothills of the Berkshires. Rates according to amount of care. Box 8, care of The Garden Magazine, Garden City, N. Y. TOOLS AND IMPLEMENTS FOUR PIECE FLORAL TOOL SET. Shovel, Rake, Hoe. Spading Fork, $1.50. Hand and Horse Rollers. We have a complete line of Garden Tools set up for Inspection. Send for Catalogue. I). J. S. Woodhouse Co., 191 Water St., New York. Established 1843. BOOKS FOR THE GARDEN ENTHUSIAST “STUDIES OF TREES,” by J. J. Levison, M. F. Tells how to identify trees, and describes the leaf, flower, twig, and habit charac- teristics. Sent postpaid on receipt of $1.60. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 432 Fourth Avenue, New Yrork. “INSECT PESTS OF FARM, GARDEN AND ORCHARD.” by E. Dwight Sanderson. Discusses all the important insects of farm, garden, and orchard, and gives a clear idea of their life histories and habits. Sent postpaid on receipt of $3.00. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 432 Fourth Avenue, New York. “HOW TO LAY OUT SUBURBAN HOME GROUNDS,” Second Edition, by Herbert J. Kellaway. Treats on the various details of suburban home grounds, and includes many plans. Sent postpaid on receipt of $2.00. John Wiley & Sons. Inc., 432 Fourth Avenue, New York. “THE VOICE OF THE GARDEN,” “MY GARDEN OF DREAMS.” Books that are Different. Yrou will gain new friends among the plants, and you will feel happier among your old favorites. $1.30 each, postpaid. Thomas Meehan & Sons, Publishers, Box 17, Germantown, Phila., Pa. DO YOU KNOW THE TREES? Hough’s Handbook of Trees will teach you to love them. Photo-descriptive. S6.00. Sample pages sent. Romeyn B. Hough Co., Box 20, Lowville, N. Y. THE GARDENER’S CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. Published Monthly. Devoted to gardening in its various phases; to land- scaping, forestry, to the developments of parks and estates and to the general news of the doings of the national and local horticul- tural societies and garden clubs. Its columns contain digest of articles appearing in the leading American and European horticul- tural journals. Subscription $1.50 per year. The Chronicle Press, Inc., Publishers, 286 Fifth Avenue, New York. MODERN STRAWBERRY GROWING, by A. E. Wilkinson. The first practical handbook on strawberry culture that has been published in twenty-five years. It tells everything that one needs to know about the subject. Many illustrations, 200 pages. $1.20 postpaid. Doubleday, Page & Company, Garden City, N. Y. THE GARDEN LIBRARY. Twelve attractive volumes on the growing of flowers, vegetables, garden planning, etc. A series that every country dweller should possess. We shall be glad to mail you a descriptive circular. Simply send postal. Doubleday, Page & Company, Garden City, N. Y. THE AMERICAN FLOWER GARDEN, by Neltje Blanchan. This authoritative work covers adequately the needs of the amateur whose garden is either extensive or the reverse, and every fact among the thousands is made quickly available by the fourteen page index. The plates form the best collection ever attempted in a book on this subject. Formerly sold at $5.00. New, popular edi- tion $1.50; $1.65 postpaid. 80 superb illustrations, 350 pages. Doubleday, Page & Company, Garden City, N. Y. In v.ffiiins. to advertisers please mention The Garden Magazine 242 THE GARDEN M A G A Z I N E May, 1915 Martha of the Mennonite Country A Romance of the Pennsylvania Dutch By Helen R. Martin Author of “Barnabetta,” “Tillie, A Mennonite Maid.” A new novel by Helen R. Martin, laid in the Pennsylvania Dutch Country, the scene of her earlier successes. It is the-story of a brilliant young novelist who teaches school in a little country town among the Men- nonites in order to get fresh literary material. His amusing experiences in this new role, and how the wistful strangely appealing young girl, Martha, becomes the heroine of his next novel with himself the hero make a story of unusual charm and originality. Mrs. Martin takes us right into the heart of a typical Pennsylvania Dutch household, and the quaint dialect with its curious turns of speech is irresistible. Frontispiece. Net $1.35. Love Letters oi a Divorced Couple By William Farquhar Payson Author ol “Debonnaire,” etc. “Affectionately, your ex-wife, Sybil,” was the way she signed her letter on the first day of her new found freedom. She felt no ani- mosity toward Kenneth — she wanted him to know that. And so began this amusing correspondence that continued from all corners of the globe, until it came to an abrupt close in the discovery that, after all, their “incompatibility” was — something quite different. Everybody knows this married couple, and the blind spot that troubled them. It is an original little book, brimful of humor and gay adventures but beneath its sparkling surface, lie hidden many searching truths about love and marriage and life in general. Decorated. Net $1.00. Mr. Miller on “Wives” Emmy’s my third wife a’ready. I had poor luck with my wives so far: they died off fur me so! Now this here one I’m tryin’ to keep oncet. I use her good. Our first wife was sich a tony Lutern yet! But our second was a Mennonite, and Emmy there, would like fur to be one of these here swell Episcolopians or whatever— for all her people, was Mennonites. From “Martha of the Mennonite Country ” The Idyl of Twin Fires By Walter Prichard Eaton From “The Idyl of Twin Fires’’ It was just an old fashioned, dilapidated New England farmhouse, but the century-old lilac bush at the corner of the house and the overrun orchard that sloped down to the ferny tangle of the little brook proved irresistible to the tired out Man of Books. And then and there began the rejuvenation of “Twin Fires.” It is a delightful tale, full of humor and homely, genuine sentiment, with many practical touches that will appeal to all back-to-the- landers, actual and incipient. Running through the narrative is the thread of a charming and tender love story. Illustrated by Thomas Fogarty. Net $1.35. Ruggles of Red Gap By Harry LeoiT.Wilson Ruggles — valet to the Honorable George Vane-Basing well — tells here his own story of how he was lost to the American Johnnies by his master, at “drawing poker,” of his journey to Red Gap, Washington (“one of our colo- nies named after the rebel George Washington”), of his adventures with the “cow-persons” and that deadly animal the “high-behind,” and finally of his own rise to social dictatorship. His naive and unstudied compari- sons between customs here and in England give a decided charm to the narrative. Read other books for what you will, but read Ruggles for fun. Illustrated by F. R. Gruger. Net $1.25. The Honorable George at Spilmer’s Place Dr. Syn: A Smuggler Tale of the Romney Marsh By Russell Thorndike A picturesque adventure tale of the Marsh folk of Dymchurch and their strange night rides. It is full of the unusual and the unexpected, with a love story interwoven. To the good people of Dymchurch Dr. Syn was just their genial, kindly, well-loved vicar. But one day the King’s men came to Dym- church and began unearthing the secrets of Romney Marsh, and the identity of the mysterious Dr. Syn came to light along with other strange events. The godly vicar of Dymchurch is one of the strangest characters in recent fiction. Frontispiece. Net $1.25. Garden City DOUBLED AY, PAGE & COMP AN Y New York From the wrapper of "Dr. Syn.” Ruggles and the Blackamoor The butler proved to be a genuine blackamoor, a Mr. Waterman, he informed me, his wife, also a black, being a cook. An elderly creature of the utmost gravity of bearing, he brought to his pro- fessional duties, a finish, a dignity, a mariner in short that I have scarce known excelled among our own serving people. And a creature he was of the most eventful past, as he informed me at our first encounter. As a slave he had com- manded an immensely high price, some twenty- thousand dollars, as the American money is called, and two prominent slaveholders had once fought a duel to the death over his possession. Not many, he assured me, had been so eagerly sought after, they being for the most part held cheaper — “com- mon black trash,” he put it. He was, as I have intimated, a person of lofty demeanour, with a vein of high seriousness. Yet he would unbend at moments as frankly as a child and play at a simple game of chance with a pair of dice. This he was good enough to teach to myself and gained from me quite a number of shillings that I chanced to have. For his consort, a person of tremendous bulk named Clarice, he showed a most chivalric consideration, and even what I might have mistaken for timidity in one not a confessed desperado. In truth, he rather flinched when she interrupted our chat from the kitchen doorway by roundly calling him “an old black liar.” I saw that his must indeed be a complex nature. The Readers' Service is prepared to advise parents in regard to schools An Attractive Fence That Defies Rust Consider beauty, permanence and protection when selecting a fence. Let it be strong and rigid and, above all, “Rust Proof.” fences alone meet these requirements. They are made to last and cannot be pulled apart. Patent clamped joints prevent wires from slipping or twisting out of position. The finished fabric is dipped into molten zinc, which covers every particle with a thick coating of rust-resisting metal. Excelsior Rust Proof Fences withstand the most severe weather conditions, and are 100% value in beauty, strength and service. Ask your hardware dealer for Excelsior Rust Proof Fences, Trellises, Trellis Arches, Bed Guards and Tree Guards. Write for beautifully illustrated Catalog B. WRIGHT WIRE COMPANY, Worcester, Mass. The Blue Book of Bulbs belongs in your garden library, if you want a garden that is different from the everyday gar- den. It contains cultural information and sug- gestions for color effects you have not had, and tells of Tulips and Daffodils you have never seen, many of them being my exclusive offerings. Cream Quality Bulbs are just as different, too; they are appreciated by those who consider quality first. Come and See Them in Flower in my trial-gardens, if you love the beauty of the spring garden. My Blue Book will go to you as soon as I know you want it, and the bulbs in the fall, if your order reaches me before June 25th. CHESTER JAY HUNT Dept. A Montclair, New Jersey TO OUR READERS As a garden enthusiast, you undoubtedly have many friends who are interested in beautifying their home grounds or growing better vegetables, who are not now reading THE GARDEN MAGAZINE, and we are going to ask for your cooperation in broadening the usefulness of this splendid periodical. Here is a Tenth Anniversary Offer The regular subscription price is $1.50 a year, but FOR THIRTY DAYS ONLY, we will accept the renewal of your subscription from present expiration date and enter a subscription for a whole year for any friend whose name and address you will send us at the special price of $2.00 for the two subscriptions. This offer may never be repeated, and if you wish to take advantage of this offer, no matter when your own subscrip- tion expires, you may renew from that time and send along the name of a friend, and we will extend your own sub- scription and enter the new subscription for $2.00. This coupon is for your convenience. Doubleday, Page & Company Garden City, New York I accept your Anniversary Offer and enclose #2.00 to renew my subscription from present expiration date and send the magazine for one year to Name Address DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY, Garden City, New York My Name . . My Address Mix your soil with a third Alphano when planting shrubs. Dig it around your old ones Delicious celery like this. 3 1-2 feet high, was grown n heavy clay soil after using Alphano freely Be sure to rake it in thoroughly or the plant foods do not become a part of the soil to their fullest extent Being finely granulated, it is easy to spread Alphano on your lawn for a top dressing Sow Alphano in the drill with your seeds; that’s one way to insure results As soon as your Rhododendrons bloom, the buds form for next year’s flowers. It is then that the roots need food and stimulation. Alphano is ideal for the purpose The odorlessness of Alphano makes it agreeable to dig around your flowers to increase their size and blooms Vital Helps for Your Lawn Your Garden, Shrubs and Trees Secured by Using Alphano YOU must not think that, just because you had some fertilizer spread on your garden and spaded in, you can let it go without giving the plants further food; and expect anything like top notch results. In the first place but a very small portion of the foods in the fertilizer actually reaches the roots, because it is next to im- possible to mix fertilizer lumps and chunks up thoroughly enough with the soil. Besides after a few rains, most of the food value has been carried down in the soil below the roots and for all the good done, it might just as well not be there. Alphano, if sowed in the drill with the seeds, is right there where the roots are. Being finely granulated, it becomes a direct part of the soil and is readily available to the roots. Or as a boost to the plants, it can be dug around the plants once or twice during the season. The results will be a gratify- ing surprise to you. Then there are your shrubs, Rhododendrons and $12 a ton in bags. $8 a ton by the carload in bulk F. O. B. Alphano, N. J. young trees; see that some is dug around them, and just witness the gladsome re- sponse. On vour lawn, more than likely you put the usual fertilizer and then had the best part of it raked off because of its unsight- liness and chokingof the grass. This being so, only the top roots were temporarily stimulated and when hot, dry weather comes, the grass will thin out and brown up. What it needs right now is a good top dressing of Alphano, well raked in. It will furnish food for the roots all summer long. It will fortify your lawn and vour garden against dry weather, because it absorbs five times its weight in moisture, acting like a huge sponge. 1 1 is odorless, so you can use it without any objec- tion, anytime, anywhere. It’s low cost and long en- during benefits make it practical to use freely. Order some. Give it a fair trial. For further facts, send for the Alphano Book. Alpk ano H umms 17C Battery Place, New York This is a glimpse in a famed Long Island garden. For several t ears, Alphano has been used extensively Another glimpse of the Long Island garden. Perhaps you have already recognized it THE COUNTRY LIFE PRESS. GARDES CITY. NEW YORE Vol XXL, No. 5 JUNE, 1915 15 Cents a Copy American-raised Rose Cardinal THE STORY OF THE MODERN ROSE By Ernest H. Wilson Water and Watering Larkspur “Blacks” Summer Apples COUNTRY LIFE DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO. THE WORLD’S IN AMERICA *35: Chicago GARDEN CITY, N. Y. New York WORK ^ r“'.lrr-.>Tiliiir •*— i*n,nr**- — t-* - r— ■>- • ■ -.n - rumor*: "■■■* i . ... You Can Save Money If You Order ' Dutch Bulbs ^ This Month ^ The Holland growers of Tulips, Hyacinths, and Narcissi say that prices are as low now as they will be in the fall. You will not save any extra money by holding your order until September or later, but you will run a big chance of getting bulbs of inferior quality, for the best bulbs are sent on early orders. Save 10 per cent by ordering before July 1 On every order I send to Holland before July i my grower gives me a discount of io per cent. I will give the same discount to you if you will send your order to me before that date. Write today for my New Bulb Catalogue, ready to mail now This booklet lists the select varieties of Holland bulbs (including many new sorts). Make up your order from my splendid list and send it at once if you want to save money. Write today. BERTRAND H. FARR Wyomissing Nurseries 104 Garfield Ave. * Wyomissing, Pa. This month you can plant Japanese Anemones, Gaillardias, hardy Asters Chrysanthemums and Dahlias. Send for _my book “ Farr's Hardy Plant Specialties,’1 which gives a full list of the choice sorts. A Trellis Arch for Your Garden gateway, walk or lawn. It is a simple matter to grow roses or vines if you make the most of them by setting up an Trellis Arch. Nothing will add so much to the appearance of your grounds. Made of strong, heavily galvanized rods and wires. Very easy to put up. Made in various sizes — we will send catalog from which to make selection. Also Excelsior Rust Proof Trellises, Fences, Tree Guards, Bed Guards, etc. Ask your hardware dealer. If not found there, write direct for catalog B. WRIGHT WIRE COMPANY Worcester, Mass. TO OUR READERS As a garden enthusiast, you undoubtedly have many friends who are interested in beautifying their home grounds or growing better vegetables, who are not reading THE GARDEN MAGAZINE, and we ask your cooperation in broadening the usefulness of this splendid periodical. We have continued for thirty days longer This Tenth Anniversary Offer The regular subscription price is $1.50 a year, but, EOR THIRTY DAYS ONLY, we will accept the renewal of your subscription from present expiration date and enter a subscription for a whole year for any friend whose name and address you will send us at the special price of $2.00 for the two subscriptions. Doubleday, Page & Company Garden City, New York I accept your Anniversary Offer and enclose $ 2.00 to renew my subscription from present expiration date. Send the magazine for one year to Name Address This offer may never be repeated, so if you wish to take advantage of it, no matter when your own subscrip- tion expires, you may renew from that time and send along the name of a friend, and we will extend your own sub- scription and enter the new subscription for $2.00. This coupon is for your convenience. My Name . . My Address DOUBLED A Y, PAGE & COMPANY, Garden City, New York June, 1915 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 243 New and Rare Plants from China Collected for the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University by Mr. E. H. Wilson HYPERICUM patulum var. Henryi (St. John’s Wort) A new hardy variety growing 2}A to 4 feet with masses of clear yellow flowers, produced in great profusion during July and August. Price 50 cents each; $5.00 per dozen Other New and Rare Chinese Plants will be found in our Midsummer Catalogue. Mailed free on application. R. & J. FARQUHAR & COMPANY 9 South Market Street BOSTON, MASS. A Gentle Rain Just When and Where You Want It NOTHING freshens up the sod like a soft, gentle rain. Your lawns, tennis court, and garden can be kept green and hardy right through the parching heat of July and August by the gentle spray of the YOUNG Fountain Its atomized shower gently soaks any desired area. No danger of flattening out the grass or washing out the roots. Nozzle fed from your hose. The YOUNG Fountain nozzle is bronze, highly polished, and the bowl shaped to keep the nozzle upright. Results are worth many times the price — $5.00. Discounts for quantity. Special dis- count to dealers. For more detailed description, write for free booklet. Send check or money order for fountain to SPRAY ENGINEERING CO., FOUNTAIN DEPT. 93 Federal St. Boston, Mass. Hollyhocks From Seed Wouldn’t you like to have Hollyhocks the same as Grandmother used to have in her old-fashioned garden? If so, why not secure your seed now from a reliable source, that will produce the gorgeous double flowers you so much admired! In rainbow colors, from pur- est white to deepest crimson, including golden yellow and varied pinks. June is the time to sow, that you may have strong plants to winter over and flower successfully next summer. Full cultural directions with each order. Our Invincible Double Holly- hocks are unsurpassable Double Bright Rose Double Maroon Double Red Double Satiny Pink Double Salmon Rose Double Pure White Double Golden Yellow Per Packet 10c. Collection Seven Varieties 50c. Our full list of Hardy Perennials that can be grown from seed mailed upon application The Uptown Seed Store 40 WEST 28th STREET Between Broadway and Sixth Av. NEW YORK CITY Harry A. Bunyard Co., Inc. Write to the Readers’ Service for suggestions about garden furniture 244 June, 1915- me CARDEN MACAZINE READERS' SERVICE Help in need! Ask this department to answer your specific problem. Replies of general interest only are printed here Planting Sweet Peas What is the best time to plant sweet peas in Cape Cod?— C. H., Massachusetts. — Plant sweet peas as soon as the ground can be worked. The earlier the seed can be put in the ground so much the better. We advise you to read the article on growing sweet peas which appeared in the February, 1915, issue of The Garden Magazine, pages 28, 29, and 30. Cutting Asparagus I expect to cut asparagus from a three-year-old bed this year. How shall I treat it before it is ready for cutting? — E. T., New York. — If you are raising the ordinary green asparagus, there is usually nothing to be done before the cutting season except to remove any mulch that may have been on the bed over winter as soon as danger from frost is over and cultivate shallowly, working in at this time a light dressing of salt. If there is any danger of the ground baking, it would be well to go over the bed once a week or so with a rake or weeder so as to keep the surface loose. If you are raising the blanched type of asparagus, the common practice is to cultivate lightly until the first shoots appear, when a ridge or mound of soil is thrown up over the row, perhaps eighteen inches wide and eight or ten inches high. While the asparagus is growing up through this, should any weeds appear a board set with nails like a small spiked tooth harrow may be drawn along the top of the mound. When the shoots appear they are cut with a regular asparagus knife at the original level of the ground the entire stalk then being white instead of green. After the cutting season the use of the board may be continued to keep down the weeds. Definition of Ashes and Sand In the articles about Mr. Davis’s dahlias in the March number of The Garden Magazine several writers speak about using ashes. Do they mean the fine powder after the ashes are sifted, or just as it comes from the furnace? When they say sand, do they mean brook sand, or could the white sand or coarse sand used in mixing cement be used? — H. C. G., New York. — When gardeners speak of ashes they mean ashes just as they come from the furnace, and by sand is always meant sharp sand, as water- washed sand binds too tightly. Any clean sand, such as is used in mixing cement, can be used. Hardwood Ashes I have a large quantity of hardwood ashes; will they be suitable for use on asters and gladiolus? Should they be forked under or spread over the top of the ground and raked in? — F. J. W., Ohio. —Hardwood ashes are valuable since they carry both potash and lime and they may, therefore, be used as a top dressing for lawns or in vegetable, fruit or flower gardens. On lawns they may be evenly sprinkled shortly before a rain, while on cultivated land they may be sprinkled more abundantly or dug or cultivated in. Hand Lawn Mower Driven by Gasolene What firm is it that manufactures a gasolene driven hand lawn mower for golf links and city parks? — L. A., Wis. A gasolene driven hand lawn mower manufactured by several concerns such as the Ideal Power Lawn Mower Co., at 401 Kalamazoo Street, Lansing, Mich- igan; the Coldwell Co. Newburg, N. Y. and the Sup- plee-Biddle Hardware Co., Box 1575, Philadelphia, Pa. Starting a Vegetable Garden I am starting a vegetable garden in the usual soil of a filled-in city lot — about one half good black soil, the remainder sandy loam, some clay and a small portion of hard coal ashes, etc., mixed with dirt. Have avail- able for fertilizer chicken manure mixed in compost of half and half with dry pulverized black soil. How should this be used for ordinary vegetables? Will it, alone, be sufficient for good results? How can it be improved by the use of commercial fertilizers without too much expense? What is best to sow this fall to plow under next spring as green manure? — W. H. Crumb, Illinois. — If it was not possible for you to obtain some well rotted stable manure to be spread on your garden before plowing this spring, we advise using the poultry manure already on hand, which, if well pulverized, can be applied after plowing and simply harrowed in. If you had a good supply of this it may not be necessary to use commercial fertilizer, although 25 pounds of nitrate of soda distributed around the plants and along the rows after the crops appear will be decidedly beneficial. This will be enough for the summer. If you wanted to do still more you could add 25 pounds of tankage, 25 pounds of potassium sulphate or chloride and 75 pounds of ground rock phosphate. Next fall, you would do well to sow either rye, crimson clover, or vetch, then before plowing next spring if you would add another dressing of manure it would be well. When to Plant Cuttings Last fall I made cuttings from currants, grapes, and ornamental shrubs and stored them in sand in a cool cellar; some of them are rooted and have begun to sprout. When can I safely plant these out in the open; I have no coldframe or greenhouse? — R. B. P., Mass. —As soon as the danger of severe frost is over you can safely plant out your cuttings. Of course a rather sheltered position would be desirable. Japanese and Domestica Plums Which Japanese plums are adaptable for growing west of the Allegheny Mountains, in about the same latitude as New York City, the altitude being more than 1,000 feet above sea level and the climate much colder than that of New York City? — D. M. G. — Pennsylvania. — Of the Japanese types of plums the following will succeed in your section. Abundance, of medium size and quality, bright red color, early to medium; Bur- bank, large, medium quality, purple yellow, medium to late; Chabot, large, medium quality, red purple, early to medium; Red June, medium size, slightly under medium quality, red, very early. At the same time, we should expect any of the following varieties of the Domestica type to also be adapted to your locality: Bradshaw, Damson, Golden Drop, and Italian Prune, which are of medium to good quality; and Bavay, Green Gage, and Imperial, of excellent quality. Spindly Growth in Seedlings In starting vegetables in boxes in the house, the seedlings grow very thin and spindly, many of them breaking near the soil. I keep them carefully in the sun, use good seed and water well. — H. D. M., Vermont. — A common cause of too spindly growth in seedlings is excessive warmth and moisture combined with too little light. Possibly you can modify your conditions in these respects. It may also be that your seedlings are planted too thickly. Thirdly, you perhaps leave them a little too long before transplanting. Frequent transplanting induces stocky, vigorous growth. Applying Commercial Fertilizer I am going to use a commercial fertilizer, 3-8-3. How should it be applied, in what quantities on vege- tables and fruits, and how should it be worked into the soil? How should dried sheep manure be applied to the lawn, and also bone meal on newly planted fruit trees?— E. H. S., Wis. — The manner of using a commercial fertilizer will vary according to the type and needs of the soil and the crops involved. The laiger crops, such as corn, potatoes, cabbage, etc., can have the application made in two ways; half to be worked into the trench or hills previous to planting, the rest to be applied as a top dressing just as the plants appear. In this case we would advise the use of from 500 to 800 pounds per acre for a soil of average fertility. A very poor soil might benefit by application of 1,500 to 2,000 per acre. For other crops it should be satisfactory to rake or harrow a similar application into the soil at the time of the final feeding before planting. Sheep manure can best be used on lawns as a top dressing at the rate of 300 to 400 pounds per acre. Bone meal should be well worked into the soil at the rate of several quarts to each tree if of good size. The Pesky Sparrow Last year sparrows ate off the ends of the pea vines as soon as they appeared above the soil. How can I scare away the birds this year? — R. B. R., New Jersey. —We have never been able to discover an entirely satisfactory method of keeping sparrows, starlings, etc., away from peas. Our only suggestion is that you pro- tect the crop by means of cheap mosquito netting (cloth) which will, of course, be less durable than wire but it is also much cheaper. It is not difficult to erect a light frame work and drape the netting over the entire row or rows. Root or Crown Gall of Raspberries Our raspberries have developed a knotty growth on some of the roots, which I have been told is root gall. Is there any immediate cure for such a condition, or must the affected plants be pulled up to prevent the disease from spreading? — W. E. F., New Jersey. —Root or crown gall of raspberries, while known to be contagious, is by no means fully understood and no satisfactory cure or preventive is known. It is ad- vised that no affected plants be ever knowingly planted and that any plant found to be diseased be immediately dug up carefully and burnt. In Card’s “Bush Fruits” it is reported that Prof. Tourney found that a paste made of two parts of bluestone, one part of copperas and three parts of quicklime was fairly effective in preventing the spread of the same sort of disease on fruit trees if applied thickly over the cut surface after the knotty growth had been removed. We greatly doubt if this would prove equally effective in the case of bush fruits. Muslin Protection to Plants What is the practicability of white muslin stretched over vegetable plants to partially shade them from the sun? — M. C. N. — The use of muslin over growing crops is designed less to shade them than to protect them from possible hail storms and from infestation by insects and any diseases, germs of which might be carried by the in- sects. As the waterproofing of such cloth would pre- vent rain from passing through it is not advisable to attempt to treat the muslin in any way, especially since a cheap grade can be used and renewed each year at less trouble and expense than treating it. Nitrate of Soda How is nitrate of soda used for fertilizing plants, rose bushes, and vegetables? — E. T. P., Mass. • — The best way to use nitrate of soda depends some- what on the type of soil and its condition and also on that of the plants grown. In general it is most effec- tive when applied to crops that are up and already growing, that is, it is wasteful to use it previous to the planting of the seed. For rose bushes and flowering plants it is best used just after the buds are forming. For this purpose make a solution of one ounce to one gallon of water and apply a couple of quarts around the base of each plant once each week or ten days during the blooming season. For vegetables the material may be sprinkled along the rows or around the plants at the rate of one and one half ounces per square yard. In this case it should be broken up into a uniform powdery consistency. J dne, 19 15 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 245 TOWNSEND’S TRIPLEX ( pending) The Greatest Grass-Cutter on Earth Cuts a Swath 86 inches Wide Drawn by one horse and operated by one man, the Triplex Mower will mow more lawn in a day than the best motor mower ever made, and cut it better and at a fraction of the cost. Drawn by one horse and operated by one man, it will mow more lawn in a day than any three other horse-drawn mowers with three horses and three men. (We guarantee this.) Floats over the uneven ground as a ship rides the waves. One mower may be climbing a knoll, a sec- ond skimming the level, and a third paring a hollow. Does not smash the grass to earth and plaster it in the mud in springtime, nor crush out its life between hot rollers and hard, hot ground in summer, as does the motor mower. Write for catalog illustrating all types of Townsend Lawn Mowers S. P. TOWNSEND & CO., Japan Bamboo Stakes Stake your Lilies, Gladioli, Herba- ceous plants, etc. Japan Bamboo last a long time, do not decay like wood or Swampstakes. GREEN COLORED 5° IOO 250 1000 2 ft. long $ .35 $ .60 $1.50 $ 4.50 6 H. long .45 .75 1.75 6.00 ■1 ft. long .60 1.00 2.50 7.50 5 ft. long .85 1.50 3.25 10.00 NATURAL COLOR 6 ft. long .60 1.00 2.50 7.50 8 ft. long .85 1.50 2.75 10.00 EXTRA HEAVY BAMBOO STAKES For Dahlias, Polebeans, Young Trees, Tomatoes, etc. X2 50 IOO 0 ft. long (% inch dia. up) $1.25 $4.00 $ 7.50 8 ft. long 1.75 6.00 10.50 H. H. BERGER & CO., 70 Warren St., New York Paraen Comfort kYou can get solid comfort from , Mathews Summer Houses .and Garden Decorations. k First send for our free portfolio containing many ( beautiful plates of garden decoration. 1 Then lay out your garden plans or let [ our artist offer free suggestions. Have [a real outdoor living room this summer, a Free Portfolio of Garden Plates 'Send for this portfolio today. It con- tains over 150 attractive designs of r summer houses, pergolas, trellises, 1 \ arbors, etc. Ask about our wonder- 'j ful line of bird houses. The Mathews Manufacturing Co. 9th Floor, Williamson Bldg. Cleveland. 0. “Standard of the World” IT IS a permanent improvement that adds -*• more than its cost to the value of the prop- erty enclosed. Nothing goes further toward giving house and grounds an atmosphere of elegance, refinement and privacy — the finishing touch to outside surroundings. Over 350 plain and ornamental designs to har- monize with any house, garden or grounds. Styles for every purpose — town houses, suburban homes, country estates, parks, cemeteries, factories, schools, churches, etc. Book of designs, upon request. Write for it, giving brief description of property. THE STEWART IRON WORKS CO. Dept. “D” Cincinnati, Ohio “The World’s Greatest Iron Fence Builders* * Vases, Settees, Lamps , Lawn Fountains Wire Fence, General Iron and Wire Work Permanent Fences BY permanent, we mean just that. ONE expenditure — ONE price — once in your lifetime. When it comes to cost, you will be surprised to learn how little more our permanent ones cost than those of short life, requiring periodical repairs. From our catalog you will see we have an iron or wire fence; or a gateway for practically every place and pocketbook. And another thing — we will erect it for you; or send explicit directions. Try telling your troubles to us. e tSTBRPRISB Iron Works 2410 Yandes St., Indianapolis, Ind. flDOOQQaditbodOflflflO * * GAliOWAY 'A1I0WAY Pottery^ DOUBLES THE GARDEN S CHARM ^^hough your Garden he Small, a Sun dial, Bird Font or Gazing Glohe adds the Essential touch.whileyourPlants will have NewBeauty in Artistic GA1JQWAY Pots. Boxes andVases. A Wealth of Suggestions for Making your Garden Attractive will be found in our Catalogue which we will mail upon request TP RRA COTTA CO. [3214 WALNUT STREET. : showroSK ft AFTSMAN BLDG.. .19’.". ST. EAST OF FIFTH AVI. POSZABiS == OSC/ILAZOP /PP/GAZOP We lead the world on overhead Sprinkling Irrigation, and have systems that will best meet every require- ment. Send for revised edition of our free booklet “Modern Irrigation” that tells all about them. J. P. CAMPBELL 5 Terminal Bldg., Jacksonville, Fla. Special introductory offers: Until Aug. ist only, will ship prepaid, one Turbo-Irrigator for covering circle 70 to 100 ft. with moveable tripod stand and hose connection for large lawns, etc., for $10.00. (Regular price $12.00), or our Automatic Sorinkler with stand for circle 50 ft. in diameter, for $3.00. (Regular price $5.00). or the two for $12.00. Terms cash, but money back if not satisfactory. TURBO- IRRIGATOR The Readers ’ Service will give information about the latest automobile accessories 246 THE GAR D E N MAGAZINE June, 1915 THE- TALK- OF - THE - OFFICE M ■M "To business that we love we rise betime And go to ’t with delight. ” — Antony and Cleopatra MICHAEL O’HALLORAN, ESQ. HE IS about fourteen years old when we make his acquaintance — Irish, lovable, witty and sensible beside. Do you remember “Freckles,” a novel of the woods by Mrs. Gene Stratton-Porter? It has been read by about 2,000,000 to 3,000,000 people at least; and every one of these readers will enjoy Michael because he is of the same joyous type. The book will not be published until August 17th, but it will be well to tell your bookseller to have a copy ready when it comes out. AN EDITOR ON HIS TRAVELS We asked the Editor of Country Life in America to take a trip pretty much all around this country of ours to study those things which are within the field of Country Life, and to study particularly the points which might be developed to make the magazine better, more vital, interesting and valuable. Here is an extract from his report: There is but one way to get an idea of what the United States as a whole really is, and that way is to see practically all of it in a hurry. You can’t stop any- where for long; if you do you will find too many interest- ing things to absorb your attention and distort the image you are trying to record in your brain. And it’s a most instructive proceeding. The mere panorama of varying landscape, from coast to coast, will tire your eyes like a long session with the motion pictures, and give you a new respect for the land that flourishes under the stars and stripes. But the merely physical side of it is subordinate to the discovery that every city has a personality — not merely your own Boston or Baltimore, San Francisco or St. Paul, but every community of souls from the Atlantic to the Pacific is just as surely different from every other community as every man is distinguishable from every other man on earth. There are many things that go to make up this var- iableness of character. People build different types of houses. In Charleston, S. C., there is always the two- story porch along the south front — and there is always a garden. In southern California the homebuilder is influenced by the early architecture of the Franciscan friars who brought their ideas from Spain. In New England there is the Colonial tradition; in the far Northwest the English types prevail, perhaps by reason of the unconscious influence of Canada. All these are but random instances of the amazing diversity that local conditions, local materials, local traditions, give to a country of such great extent as the United States. But not only does the architecture vary so widely; the people’s gardens present just as diverse pictures; in fact their mode of life varies, their ambitions, their at- titude toward work and toward play. From any point of view the country is kaleidoscopic. Naturally this sight-seeing trip throughout the United States has uncovered countless things of interest from the viewpoint of Country Life in A merica. I have much the same feeling as that boy must have who goes down the hill for a bucket of water and is caught in a cloud- burst. The problem is not the finding of new matter for the magazine but rather the far harder one of se- lecting the most widely interesting and instructive things from such an overwhelming mass of newly dis- covered material. FROM THE SECRETARY OF STATE He wrote this about a novel which is full of the enthusiasm of conviction, showing graphic- ally what liquor is doing for tens of thousands: I have received and read the advance copy of Mr. Hay’s book, “The Man Who Forgot” — and am glad to commend it to the reading public. It is a story with a purpose — the story well told and the purpose manifest on every page. Mr. Hay has very skillfully interwoven a love story with the important features of a great moral question; or, it might be more accurate to say that he has woven the essential elements of a great cause into a love story. At any rate, he has presented an argument against the liquor traffic in such a fascinating way that his book will reach many who would not be attracted to the ordinary presentation of the case. I congratulate you upon having brought out such a book, and Mr. Hay upon the service he has rendered to the cause of temperance in writing it. ABOUT “RUGGLES” We could print this magazine full of letters written about Harry Leon Wilson’s book, “Rugglesof Red Gap.” Here is one from Iowa: Who cares anything about “Ruggles of Red Gap?” When I opened the pages I read several of the stories that go to explain the pictures; but this Ruggles fellow, I passed him up. Whenever I saw that “Ruggles of Red Gap” I ricochetted over to the next article; and so it went until one day, when the hired man happened to be reading the story. “ Did you read that ‘ Ruggles of Red Gap? ’ "he asked me across a manger. “No, I did not,” I replied. “I suppose it’s about some fool of a hero, who falls in love with some fool of a girl and after much tomfoolery he, at last, marries her. Such is life in the story-books.” “O, no,” the hired man said, “it’s about an English valet that gets drunk in Paris and blacks his employer’s eye in the United States and ” “Whoopee!” I exclaimed. I went at once to this “Ruggles of Red Gap” and read the ninth chapter. Then I saw behind that awful title. I hunted up chapter number eight, and then number seven, and thus worked gradually back to the beginning, being caused to read it backward by the title. Somewhere in the story this Ruggles person has hit the real title: Alone in North America. Now, why in the name of the Great Horned Horse did you not put that title on the head end where it belongs? This Wilson person, who I believe wrote the story, is a real “yumorust” and I hope the next time he contri- butes he will not hide his funny-bone light behind that bushel of a title, “Ruggles of Red Gap.” So then, here’s to “Alone in North America” and that Wilson person that wrote it. A UNIQUE BOOK Can one apply the following adjectives to a book: Romantic Practical Helpful Suggestive Sentimental? In Country Life in America there appeared as a serial a story of a college professor who went to live in the country — “The Idyl of Twin Fires,” by Walter Prichard Eaton. It proved to be the most successful contribution of the sort that the magazine ever had. Now it is still more delightful in book form, helped by the charming drawings of Thomas Fogarty. It will give you a thrill of pleasure to possess it. • “the world’s work” IN EGYPT A good friend of ours met a young Arab in Egypt and sent him as a gift a year’s subscrip- tion to the World’s Work. He (the donor) has received several letters from this Egyptian friend, revealing the fact that he has used the magazine diligently in his study of English. We reprint verbatim his last letter, which we contend is a credit to both the Arab and the World's Work: March 20, ioiv Mr. S M New York, U. S. A. Dear Sir: With great pleasure I have received your kind letter dated 13th January, 1915, and I find my-self getting so well in English by the help of your useful magazines. I am spending about half of my time daily in reading that I feel so improved in English, my thoughts have been widened by the interesting subjects I read; and now I consider that if I continue reading in this way, there will come a time in which I shall be a learned man. I trust that you will see the result of my work from the letteis I send. Comparing my first state of writing to my second and this third you will see the difference. Lastly I am very thankful for what I have gained. Very truly yours, L F D Beni Hussien Assiout, Egypt. T H E G A R D F> N M A G A Z I N E '-247 Post Yourself On Spraying! RIGHT SPRAYING means bigger crops— finest quality of yield— more money. More than 300,000 Government and State Agricultural Experiment Stations, farmers, gardeners, orchardists, nursery men and home owners have learned the full meaning and profit of right spraying at the right time. It has enabled them to prevent the ravishes of insects, blights, plant diseases— and to Get Finest Fruits, Best Vegetables, Biggest Crops You, too, can post yourself on spraying. Just send us your name and address. Back to you, free of charge, will come the valuable Spraying Guide. Also complete catalog of —made in 40stylesand sizes— hand and power. Ask your dealer to show you the entire line. Top photo shows style No. 40—capacity 8 to 12 gal. Lower left photo shows style No. 1— capacity 4 gal. Lower right photo shows style No. 37 -capacity 1 qt. to k> gal. Every type of sprayer for every purpose. Each type the finest its purpose that can be made. We have specialized on spray n and manufacture for 15 years. Write for Catalog and Free E. C. Brown Co. 850 Maple St. Rochester, N.Y. BARTON’S LAWN TRIMMER TAKES THE PLACE OF SICKLE AND SHEARS— NO STOOPING DOWN SAVES 90% OF TEDIOUS LABOR Cuts where lawn mower will not, up in corners, along stone-walls, fences, shrubbery, tomb-stones, etc. It is simple in construction and made to endure. Makes a cut 7 inches wide. Price only $3.75 each. Send Money Order to E. BARTON, Ivyland, Pa. Earns Many Times Its Cost In a Season! That’s what this SPRAMOTOR will do on your farm. It will earn you a profit the very first year. This style SPRAMOTOR is built to sup- ply the demand for a good rig at a moderate price. It is equally suitable for spraying trees, row crops, potatoes, vineyards, mustard and weeds; also does your painting and whitewashing at a tenth the cost of hand work. We make the &mmwtbF It isnt a SPRAMOTOR unless we made it in many styles and sizes, from $6 up to S3 50. There’s a SPRAMOTOR for every need and one that will just fit your requirements. Dp this to-day! Write asking for a copy of our free val- uable treatise on Crop Diseases, fully illustrated. Whether you buy a SPRAMOTOR or not, you should have this in- formative book. If at the same time, you give us an idea of your requirements, we will send complete details of a SPRAMOTOR that will best do your work. Made in U. S. A. — No duty to pay. HEARD SPRAMOTOR CO., 2334 Erie St., Buffalo, N.Y. Water A-Plenty for stock, home, fire protection, etc.— fully discussed in our book, k "Water Supply for the Country Home" j It describes our 300 guaranteed, durable pumps— hand and pow- er — $3 to $300 — which our Service Dept, will help you select — free. Send for your free copy today. The Goulds Mfg. Co. Seneca Falls, N.Y. BRANCHES : New York Houston Chicago Atlanta Boston GOULD# r. l 1 a a t. , r. PUMP® T Kill San Jose Scale, Aphis, White Save ihe Trees Fly, etc., by spraying your trees with s GOOD'S pStSh FISH OIL SOAP N?3 Sure death to tree pests. Contains nothing injurious to trees— fertilizes the soil. Used and endorsed by U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. rprr Our valuable book on Tree and r I\LL Plant Diseases. Write for it today. JAMES GOOD, Original Maker, 931 N. Front Street, Philadelphia “DETACHABLE” HOSEREEL Saves Your Hose Prevents kinks or twists in the hose. By having several faucets, one reel and hose does the work of many. Revolves on the faucet, even with the water turned on; joint is water tight. Quickly slipped on and off the faucet. Hose always attached to the reel. The Easy Way to Use*a Hose Saves its cost in hose each year, not to mention its convenience. Ask your hardware dealer to show you or write for booklet "Useful things for Lawn.” This Rain Machine Waters 2,500 Square Feet Costs Only $11.75 It is 50 feet long and will uniformly water 2,500 square feet. Spray falls in a gentle mist and will not harm the most delicate plants. Does not pack the soil. Made of galvanized iron and brass. Will not rust out. Good for a life time. Is portable. $11.75 buys one of these Complete Portable Lines, 50 feet long. Will water 2,500 square feet. Very simple to put up. Easy to dis- connect and move about. Can be at- tached right to your regular hose. 100 foot Portable Line, watering 5,000 square feet, costs but $23. Or we will furnish equipment for an en- tire acre for $125. If remittance is sent with order, freight will be prepaid east of Mississippi River. So why sit still and see your garden dry up, when for so little you can get a com- plete, Portable Skinner System Rain Machine. Send for “Portable Lines” catalog. Lawn Mist Spray Here’s a spray that falls like the dews of heaven. It throws the mist up straight in the air and on both sides of the pipe. Accomplished by special nozzles. Pipe is gal- vanized. Nozzles are of brass. Equipped with wheels, so location can be easily moved without your getting all wet. Two sections can be connected together to fit the shape of your grounds, or to water right around the corner. It will cover a width of 18 feet. Absolutely nothing to get out of order. Made in three sizes. Send for Lawn Mist Booklet. Throws mist in three directions. Covers a distance 18 feet wide. Light — simple — durable — nothing to get out of order INNER Y S T E M IRRIGATION The Skinner Irrigation Co. 219 Water St., Troy, Ohio vy , What is a fair rental for a given property? Ask the Readers' Servia 248 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE June. 1915 A Lawn Mowers /oo^ alike, because they are painted, but in “PENNSYLVANIA” Quality Lawn Mowers (HAND, HORSE AND POWER) all blades are made of crucible tool steel, oil-hardened and water-tempered (true of no others) and are positively self- sharpening. The “PENNSYLVANIA” trade mark on the handle is your safeguard in Lawn Mower buying. Ask your hard- ware dealer or seedsman. The following brands are all “PENNSYL- VANIA” Quality : “PENNSYLVANIA” “GREAT AMERICAN” “KEYSTONE” “CONTINENTAL” “NEW DEPARTURE” "GOLF” HORSE and POWER and others M Prop "Scientific Lawn Making," an 1 ” instructive book written by a prominent authority , gladly mailed lo anyone interested together with a catalog of "PENNSYLVANIA" Quality Lawn Mowers. Supplee- Biddle Hardware Company ' Box 1575 Philadelphia \ ^ i LOOK OUT FOR SPARKS No more danger or damage from Hying sparks. No more poorly fitted, flimsy fire- place screens. Send for free booklet •‘Sparks from the Fire-side.” It tells about the best kind of a spark guard for your in- dividual fireplace. Write to-day for free booklet and make your plans early. The Syracuse Wire Works 107 University Avenne, • Syracuse, N. Y. amiimimimimiimi lOimmiB 111111111111111111111111111 rjfljMMMMI llllllll Ill Many styles shown piMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiimiiiirtg ininiiiiiiiiiiii \ in new catalog, liliiiliiMHilillilllllliiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitH mmiJL Write today piiiiiiiiiliiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiigf Direct From Factory — We Pay Freight Brown Lawn Fence and Gate cost less than wood, last ^ longer and are more ornamental. Don’t buy any until you first see our complete line and dollar-saving prices. THE BROWN FENCE & WIRE CO. Department i»3 CLEVELAND. OHIO . The Pear Tree Psylla THE pear tree psylla is a serious pest to the growers of pears. They are exceedingly small insects, almost microscopic, but upon being viewed through a magnifying glass resemble a cicada or harvest fly. They infest the foliage of the tree during the growing season and secrete a honey dew; and where there are large numbers, this honey dew makes the tree sticky, or may even fall in drops. The result of such attacks is to make the leaves drop and consequently the crop is injured or lost. Mr. H. E. Hodgkiss, of the New York Experi- ment Station, has found, after four years’ work, that it can be easily and effectively fought by spraying. The most effective spraying is made during the late fall or early winter to catch the adults (the fruit growers call them “flies”) which winter over under the rough bark. The first proceedure is to scrape the bark on a damp day, for the bark scales are more easily removed at that time. The bark scraped off should be gathered and burned, for if allowed to remain on the ground for a few days, the insects may escape to surrounding vegetation and hibernate there. Then spray, on a day so warm that the liquid will not freeze on the tree, with Black Leaf 40, using three quarters of a pint in one hundred gallons of water, to which three to five pounds of soap are added after being dissolved. Very effective work can also be done in the spring as the days begin to warm — late March or early April. Fish-oil soap may be used instead, dissolving one pound in five gallons of water. Trees which have not been so sprayed, but which are infested, can be effectually cleaned up for the season by deferring the dormant spray on the pear trees until the cluster bud is separating — the buds well apart but not showing much color. Use con- centrated lime-sulphur, diluting the commercial material one part to eight parts of water. This spraying will destroy the eggs about to hatch as well as the recently hatched larvae. There is no danger of doing serious damage to the pear buds at this time. They may be browned a bit and a few buds fall as a result of the pedicals being burned, but there will be no diminishing of the crop. Whether spraying is made at this time or when dormant, it must be very thorough; every square inch of bark must be covered and every crevice filled, if the work is to be effective. Clean cultiva- tion will also help to keep the trees clean as there will be no vegetation about the trees upon which the psylla can hibernate over winter. Pennsylvania. Harold Clarke. Preservation of Hen Manure I WOULD like to make an addition to your answer to the query on the preservation of hen manure, on page 10 of the February issue. In the report of the Maine Agricultural Experiment Station, for 1903, an experiment to preserve hen manure is recorded. It was found that hen manure stored in a barrel from November to May lost one half its nitrogen content. It was found that the nitrogen could be retained or fixed by adding to the fresh hen manure a little more than one half its weight of either kainit or acid phosphate; that is, to each pound of hen manure, a little more than half a pound of one or the other of these materials. The cost of these materials is usually about the same. But in many instances I believe it would be better to reinforce the hen manure with acid phosphate, as many of our soils are more deficient in phosphate — the plant food in acid phosphate — than in potash. The only drawback in using either of these materials is the hen manure becomes rather wet and sticky. This can be overcome by ad- ding some absorbent, such as dry earth or saw dust. Dr. L. L. Van Slyke, in his book “Fertilizers and Crops,” makes an even better suggestion. “To each ten pounds of fresh hen manure, add four pounds of sawdust or dry muck, four pounds of acid phosphate and two pounds of kainit. This will result in a fertilizer that will contain in each ton ten pounds of actual nitrogen, 63 pounds of acid phosphate and 30 pounds of potash, a very good fertilizer for general use on farm or garden crops.” Pennsylvania. Phineas Nolte. A Long-Lived Trowel Thisstrong, finely finished garden trowel isdiffer- ent from ordinary trowels. Made from crucible steel of fine texture. It is 1/16 inch thick. Blade and neck one piece. Handle fastened with two steel rivets. Cleans itself, dirt won’t stick to it. In quality and workmanship no trowel is like it. It is practically everlasting. Km mm Garden Trowel No. K04 with Bent Neck Price $0.75 No. K05 with Straight Neck Price $0.75 garden tools are all of first- rate quality and so guaran- teed. They are good to use because they are finely ad- justed- Ask to see these Keen Kutter hedge shears. You’ll like the way they’re made and you 11 like the way they work Send for our Gar- den Tool Booklet. No. 1 ISM*. irnot at your dealer s, write us. SIMMONS HARDWARECO St. Louis, U.S.A When Making Jelly you will find our “Favorite” Strainer and Holder invalu- able. A necessity in every home. Handsomely and sub- stantially made and will last a life-time. Rings and rod plated to prevent tarnishing. Cloth easily removed for cleaning. Standard jointed and can be packed away in small space. One filling suffi- cient for fifty ordinary glasses. Comes carefully packed in box, $1.25. West of Missis- sippi $1.40. Shipped prepaid on receipt of price. Money refunded if not satisfactory. THE LESTER CO. 76 Lenox Avenue East Orange New Jersey IRRIGATE Get larger yields and profits. Provide fire pro- tection for your buildings and water for your stock by installing an Your Field and Garden Centrifugal PUMP Absolutely guaranteed. Write for new catalog. THE AMERICAN WELL WORKS General Office & Works; Dept. 10, Aurora, 111. Chicago Office: First National Bank Building. Gardens Harmony in color and design, balance, the spring garden and the summer gar- den, garden accessories, borders and many other things of absorbing interest to any one who loves to make things grow, are talked about by an expert in THE WELL-CONSIDERED GARDEN By MRS. FRANCIS KING Presidentof theWomen’s National Agri- cultural and Horticultural Association. Illustrated. $ 2.00 net CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS If a problem grows in your garden write to the Readers’ Service for assistance Cover Design — Rose Cardinal. From “The Practical Book of Outdoor Rose Growing” PAGE Readers’ Service The Pear Tree Psylla ----- Harold, Clarke Preservation of Hen Manure - - - Phineas Nolte The Month’s Reminder - - - Photographs by A. G. Eldredge and Henry Troth The Story of the Modern Rose - - E. H. Wilson Photographs by A. G. Eldredge, W. R, Graves, F. R. Smalley and others The Suburban Water Supply - - Geo. L. Robinson Photographs by C. C. Pierce and others The “New Irrigation” for the Small Garden F. F. Rockwell Photographs by the author and Edward R. Rollins A Seven-Acre Country Place - - - - Ruth Dean Plan by the author 244 248 248 2si 253 257 258 261 Choice Summer Apples Photographs by the author Making Garden Soil - - (See page 274) PAGE U . P. Hedrick Fertilizing the Garden - A r chi bald Rutledge - - E. V . Laughlin Delphinium “Black Disease” - - B. McG. Effective Planting on Poor Soil - Mary L. Gibson Photograph by the author Roberta of Roseberry Gardens Frances Duncan Gardening for Young Folks - - Ellen Eddy Shaw Photographs by A. R. Dugmore, A. G. Eldredge, etc. Club and Society News ---------- Keep on Planting ------ J . M. Patterson Recent Books SUBSCRIPTION: $1.50 a year Single copies, 15 cts. F.N. DOUBLEDAY, President LEONARD BARRON, Editor S. A. EVERITT, Treasurer HERBERT S. HOUSTON, copyricht, igi5, by RUSSELL DOUBLEDAY, Vice President DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY Secretary Entered as second-class matter at Garden City, New York, under the Act of Congress, March 3, 1879 262 264 264 264 265 266 267 268 272 274 l or Foreign Postage add 65c. For Canada add 35c. | Free Interested in Dahlias | should send us today, a post card for our Descriptive Dahlia Catalogue, entitled, “New Creations in Dahlias,” | containing accurate descriptions and the plain truth about the best Dahlias that bloom. Beautifully illustrated — the leading American Dahlia catalogue. Peacock’s Quality, Dahlias that Bloom Planted in June will give you those fine large Exhibition Blooms you admire so much at the shows. No matter if you have some planted now, you will be delighted to have a few more that will surpass your neighbors. Plant in June for Exhibition Bloom we know it! After a trial you will know it! Your Pleasure is our Pleasure Just that you may know the rare beauty of our Dahlias, send us 10e. (stamps or coin) and receive postpaid by return mail, catalogue and a \ strong field grown root of our new Dahlia “Perle do Fare” — the world’s best white, John Wanamaker the famous new Paeony ,Dahlia, $2.00. DOROTHY PEACOCK. Larger, clearer pink, and finer in every way than Mrs. Gladstone, a strong, vigorous grower, early, free and contin- uous bloomer. The Dahlia without a fault. Mail postpaid 35c. each. Special trial offers. To demonstrate the superiority of our Dahlias we will send the following strong field roots each labeled absolutely true to name. 3 show 30c., 3 decorative 30c., 3 Cactus 40c., 3 Paeony Flowered 40c., 3 New Century 40c. The 5 sets Dorothy Peacock, Perle de Parc | and John Wanamaker, 18 superb Dahlias, for $3.50, postpaid. List of these sets on application. Write today Peacock Dahlia Farms Berlin, New Jersey BOBBINK & ATKINS World’s Choicest Nursery and Greenhouse Products Grown in America Several years of constant thought and effort places us in a position to fill orders for all kinds of Nursery and Greenhouse Products for Outdoor Plant- ing and Indoor Decorations, independent of European Importations. Among the many attractions growing in our 300 acres of highly cultivated Nursery are large quantities of the following specialties. HYDRANGEA OTAKSA IN TUBS. We have many hundred of specimen plants in bloom and bud for summer decorations, $2.50, $3-5° $5-oo and $7.50 each. ROSE PLANTS IN POTS. LARGE LEAVED EVERGREENS, ENG- LISH LAURELand AUCUBAS forsummcr decorations. PALMS and DECORATIVE PLANTS, for Interior and Exterior Decorations. ENGLISH IVY. We grow many thousand? in trained forms and ordinary plants from two to eight feet tall. JAPANESE MAPLES, and WISTERIAS. In Pots and Tubs. STRAWBERRY PLANTS. Potted and field-grown in all the leading varieties. EVERGREENS, CONIFERS, and PINES. Many acres of our Nursery are planted with them. BOXWOOD and other large leaved Ever- greens. HARDY VINES and CLIMBERS. BAY TREES, and large leaved decorative plants. PLANT TUBS. WINDOW BOXES, ENGLISH GARDEN FURNITURE, and RUSTIC WORK. Our New Hybrid Giant Flowering Marshmallow Will Bloom Everywhere The above are described and priced in our Illustrated General Catalog No. 25, mailed upon request. When requesting catalog please state in what you are interested. VISITORS are made welcome to inspect our Products, which is very important before placing orders. We Plan and Plant Grounds and Gardens Everywhere Correspondence Invited Nurserymen, Florists and Planters Rutherford, New Jersey 249 250 T HE GARDEN M A G A Z I N E June, 1915 JULY l3t — NOT LATER Special Offer of Darwin Tulips THE Darwin Tulips are splendid beyond descrip- tion but are comparatively unknown. When they do become generally known they will be by far the most popular of all spring-flowering bulbs. They are tall and stately, the flowers of great size and substance, lasting fully twice as long as other I ulips, and their coloring exquisitely beauti- ful, ranging from pure white to almost black, including the loveliest shades of pink, crimson, lilac, violet and peculiar colors impossible to describe. Best of all, they are a permanent addition to the garden, as they improve year after year, instead of deteriorating as many spring-flowering bulbs do. One of Mr. Elliott’s clients w7ho has spent over $50,000 in the making of one of the finest country places in Penn- sylvania, said after he saw7 a few thousand of the Tulips in bloom on bis grounds that they compensated him for bis total expenditure. We want everybody who is not familiar with these glorious flow ers to try them, and to try the best of them, and not the cheap mixtures; and, with this end in view, we are offering thirteen of the very choicest and distinct varieties and finest bulbs in collections at a reduced price. We are confident this is the best advertisement we can make for our business, and that it will enor- mously increase the sale of these Tulips in future, for people who do know buy them by the hundreds and thousands. Positively no order will be accepted for these collections after July 1, 1915 Collections of Named Darwin Tulips Collection No. 1. 1 each of 13 choice and tested varieties, 13 in all $0.60 Collection No. 2. 3 each of 13 choice and tested varieties, 39 in all 1.65 Collection No. 3. 6 each of 13 choice and tested varieties, 78 in all 3.20 Collection No. 4. 12 each of 13 choice and tested varieties, 156 in all 6.25 These prices do not include delivery, but bulbs will be sent by parcel post when requested and postage charged at cost. If you wish to take advantage of our very low prices, we must have your order not later than July 1st, as we import bulbs to order only. They need not be paid for until after delivery nor taken if not of a satisfactory quality. (References required from new customers.) Our import price-list, the Comprehensive Catalogue of Bulbs (over a thousand varieties described and priced) is now ready and may be had for the asking. ELLIOTT NURSERY, 377 Fourth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa. 11 lllllllllll s EVERGREENS It’s Not Too Late To Plant Them m n SPRING time is not the only time for Evergreen plant- ing. It’s just one of the times. Right now, the new growth is a bit tender. For the next 30 days or so, it will be a bit too soft to handle without some harm. But after that, they can be planted just as safely in August as in March and April. Dur- ing August you can, with assured success, plant any kind you wish. Our Summer ship- ments we pack with extra care, so if de- layed in reaching you, they will not dry out. Right now, af- TR^l ter all your other planting is done, you can better tell just what Ever- greens you want, and how best to place them. It’s a decided ad- vantage that summer planting always has. Send for our catalogue now. Let us know what you want, and we will at once pick out your trees and mark them sold to you. Then we wili hold them for a shipping date; un- less you give it to us along with the order. And remember our trees are New England grown. They are strong and sturdy. The kind that live.andgrow rapidly. n series 672 Adams Street, North Abington, Mass The Wonderful New Dahlia GOLDEN GATE Winner of Numerous First Prizes and Certificates of Merit HpHE GOLDEN GATE caused a sensation when exhibited in New York and other parts of the country. Introduced by us 1914, and is now considered by the leading Dahlia Specialists and other Horticulturists to be the finest, largest and best bloom- ing Dahlia in cultivation. Three to six immense large blooms open at one time, on extra long stems. An exceptionally good keeping cut flower. Your garden is not complete without this wonderful chrysanthemum-like Dahlia, for the beautiful dazzling golden yellow color of the flowers will delight and attract every- one. This Dahlia is drought, blight, and insect proof, and will bloom when all others fail, and is to Dahlias what the King Humbert is to Cannas or the American Beauty is to Roses. Testimonials received daily confirming above claims from last year customers. Special Introductory Offer One whole root of the Golden Gate to readers of The Garden Magazine at the special price of 50c. each, postpaid. $5.00 a dozen. Send your order in norv and have Golden Gate blooming in your garden this year — the pride of your Dahlia Collection THE LONG ISLAND DAHLIA GARDENS W. A. FINGER, Jr., Proprietor Hicksville Long Island New York (See our full page ad. in last month’s Garden Magazine) // a problem grows in your garden write to the Readers' Service /or assistance The Carden r THIS is the month of work to main- tain the pace we have already set, meaning especially watering and holding moisture by cultivation. Preparation should be made at this time also for the proper spraying of crops; from now until frost it is a battle with all kinds of insects and diseases, you must fight these invaders or suffer the loss of your garden. It is true, however, that with very few exceptions the bugs that infest the garden are very easily controlled by per- sistent spraying, and it is also true that most diseases are caused primarily by insects which weaken the plants and leave them in a susceptible condition. How about installing some sort of watering system in your garden? You will soon need one if you haven’t already done so. Some of these systems are really wonderful in the results they accomplish, and while the first cost may seem high, figured on a five year basis they are more economical than a hose. See the article on page 258. PEAS should be plentiful this month. Pick every day when the vines are bearing and don’t let them get hard and yellow before using them. If certain varieties seem hard or dry, it is because they have been left on the vine too long a time. Keep the pole beans tied up. By In the Vegetable doing this right now, when they have Garden just started to “run,” considerable labor will be saved later on . If you haven’t already set out eggplant and peppers, attend to it at once. Use spinach when it is young and succul- ent; don’t wait until it gets old and yellow. Never allow the plants to suffer for want of water. Keep the potatoes well cultivated and sprayed; hill them when they are in flower. Okra sometimes does not come well from early sowings and it is a good plan (if you have the room) to make a second sowing of this plant around the first of June. Keep all vegetables properly thinned out as they require it. Don’t neglect it until the plants are badly crowded as the damage is then done. All sorts of farm crops must also be thinned. All plants that require staking should be attended to when they are first feeling the need of it. Keep tomatoes tied up; peppers and eggplants should be supported somewhat. Stop cutting asparagus as soon as you feel you can do without it. You can’t cut until August and expect good shoots next year; the plants must have some chance to rebuild themselves. Also watch out for the asparagus beetle and meet him with a good dose of poison. CULTIVATION of the ground is one of the most necessary of all operations. No matter how good the soil is it cannot produce good crops without proper cultivation. Cultivation is the one thing which it is impossible to over do; cultivate once a week and have good results, cultivate twice a week and have Remember to better results. Keep the surface of the ground stirred Cultivate apd thoroughly pulverized all the time, and always cultivate directly after a rain which will help to conserve the moisture. Cultivate frequently during rainy weather, as this operation also helps to relieve any trouble caused by too much water. That may seem misleading but it is so. By stirring the surface you loosen up the soil which aerates the top soil, causing it to dry. This prevents the evaporation of the moisture from the soil below from which the roots get their nourishment. On the other hand, when cultivating during rainy spells when the ground is wet and soggy, you admit air which relieves the tendency to stem rot, oftentimes so serious during extended wet periods. Cultivation is fine exercise, too, whether you use a hoe or cultivator. Certain crops grow rapidly at this sea- son of the year and they oftentimes ex- haust the surrounding soil, and if nourish- ment is not furnished the result is a stunted growth. I am and always have been an ardent advocate of liquid food for plants. It is easily applied, is quick in results, and allows more latitude to the user than any other form of fertilizing. There are several forms of concentrated plant foods on the market and liquid manures of all kinds are very good. Onions, parsnip, salsify and such crops can all be fed lightly this month and more plentifully later in the season. Other crops just newly set (tomatoes, eggplant, squash, etc.) can also be fed by this method later in the season. DO YOU suppose the robins or cat bird will observe the neutrality of your strawberry bed? Wouldn’t it be well to protect it? A net is best. A cat in Small a wire cage will do good Fruits work; a lot of strings run along the rows with white cloth strips attached will also help. Keep the muskmelons well sprayed. Remember that there is positively no known remedy for blight. Bordeaux mixture will nearly always prevent it, but will not cure it. BUSH beans, beets, brussels sprouts, cab- bage, carrots, cauliflower, chard, corn, cucumbers, endive, kale, kohlrabi, lettuce, leeks, muskmelon, mustard greens, radishes, rutabaga, spinach, toma- Vegetables to toes may be sown. Sow Now Make a couple of sow- ings of beets and carrots this month. Eat these vegetables when they are young. A sowing or two of cucumbers can be made this month. Protect the plants when small from the squash bug and cut- worm. The winter crop of celery should be sown at this time. Be sure to put in plenty of seed as it is far better to throw away 100 seedlings than be ten short. Prick off the plants in a coldframe or a prepared bed where they can be better taken care of. Late cabbage, cauliflower, and broccoli can now be sown in flats or boxes and transferred to a prepared bed in the same way that celery is handled. A couple of sowings of beans can be made this month, and during wet spells look out for rust. Bordeaux mixture will prevent it. Sow lettuce frequently and in small patches at this time of the year. When putting out the young plants select a semi-shaded place or make preparations to shade them slightly as the strong sun in summer causes the heads to run to seed quickly. A few English frame cucumbers can be grown in the open, or a coldframe is better still if you have one. Lay down a few pieces of pea brush for the plants to grow over so that they will be off the ground. Several sowings of com can be made this month. In small gardens rows are THE MONTH'S REMINDER COMPILED WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE HOME GARDEN. FROM THE TEN YEARS’ DIARIES OF A PRACTICAL EXPERT GARDENER For reckoning dates, the latitude of New York City is generally taken as a standard. In applying the directions to other localities, allow six days’ difference for every hundred miles of latitude 251 252 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE June, 1915 more easily handled than hills The rows should be from three to four feet apart according to variety and the plants should be thinned out to from eight to twelve inches apart. KEEP sweet peas picked clean. Don’t allow any of the flowers to form seed pods or the vines will stop producing. Sweet peas must not be allowed to suffer for water. If the vines begin to turn yellow there is no hope for them. Finish all bedding out as soon as possible; keep a few plants in reserve to fill in blanks that may occur. Flower Keep the water running on the iris bed. A mulch of good manure Garden kept soaked will supply quantities of valuable food to the plants and certainly produce better quality flowers. Keep plenty of stakes on hand for all tall flowers. Don’t wait until they blow over but stake them up when small. Stakes can be purchased from any supply house. Just as soon as your achillea has finished flowering cut it to the ground so as to have a second crop later on. Keep all dead flowers picked off plants. They not only look unsightly, but check the growth of the plants L Keep coreopsis cut close and it will continue flowering throughout the summer. If you contemplate any changes in your garden get some labels and name each plant carefully when it is in flower. SEVERAL sowings can be made of all flowers which are commonly styled “croppers.” That is, the plant produces one crop of flowers. It is not too late to start a flower garden. There are a number of flowers which, sown at this time and properly cared for, will produce freely between now and frost. Some flowers that may be sown now are: antir- Sow These rhinum, aster, annual gaillardia, clarkia, larkspur, lupin, Flowers poppy, alyssum, amaranthus, arctotis, balsam, calendula, calliopsis, candytuft, cornflowers, centaureas, cleome, globe amaranthus, annual gypsophila, annual sunflower, straw flower, marigold, mignonette, nicotiana nasturtium, pansies, annual phlox, salpiglossis, stocks, verbenas, and zinnias. A LITTLE liquid feed applied to the roses will work wonders. Liquid cow manure is the best to produce long stems and big healthy flowers. It must not be overdone, however, as it causes a soft growth when used too often. About once a week is sufficient. Keep the rose bugs picked off the rose plants. You can’t kill this Roses pest with sprays, but hold a small can filled with kerosene under the plant and jar the bush so that the bugs fall off into the can. DON’T neglect to thin the fruit on trees that are carrying too large a crop, or in fact on all trees where real quality fruit is desired. Remember that a tree is capable of producing only a given number of pounds of fruit and if you want quality you must prune. Spray fruit trees with Bordeaux mixture a couple of times this Orchard month. You can’t raise good fruit without spraying so get the habit now! Keep a sharp look out for borers and if you see any cut them out at once. If they have become established a flexible wire run up the opening will kill them. Keep a sharp look out for “yellows” in the peach orchard and cut down and burn any infected trees. This disease spreads quickly. Apply a mulch on all cane fruits for the hot, dry weather because they are very shallow rooters. Also thin out the young shoots, leaving a few of the strongest on each plant for next season’s supply of fruit. Cut out the old woody shoots on the currants and gooseberries immediately after picking the fruit. This relieves the rush of spring pruning. Watch out for all kinds of caterpillars. They will quickly defoliate a tree, but are easily destroyed if attacked in time. Keep the grapes tied up; and if you are troubled with insects or if you desire the highest quality fruit, cover the bunches with bags. This is a good time to sow some buckwheat in the orchard for plowing in later on. If you haven’t put down any cover crop this is your last chance. Use the lawn clippings to mulch plants in the border. It will help greatly in dry weather SPRAY your elms again with arsenate of lead early in the month; it is not effective after the larvae begin to come down. If you want a Around the good hedge this Grounds year, clip it often. All kinds of plants that are being trained should be clipped now. Neglect always causes disfiguration. Any large trees recently trans- planted must not be allowed to suffer for lack of water. Apply a heavy mulch after a good thorough soaking. Keep the young shoots on the climbing roses tied up, and after the flowering period is over al- ways remove one or two of the oldest of the stems, replacing them with newly trained young shoots. In this way you will always have a good supply of young thrifty wood. Remove the seed pods from all kinds of flowering evergreens, such as rhodo- dendrons, andromeda, etc., they are an unnecessary tax on the plant. Prune all flowering shrubs immediately after they have finished flower- ing. Always make a point to remove the oldest wood which will be replaced with young vigorous shoots that will start up immediately. LOOK out for mildew in the rose house. Keep the plants hardy by thorough ventilation and well sprayed in order to hold red spider in check. Don’t neglect the carnations out in the field or indoors if you are growing them inside. They should be kept pinched as needed, and well cultivated. It is still time to put in another patch of chrysanthemum In the cuttings. These can be finished in 6-inch pots and make very Greenhouse decorative plants and you can get a very good quality of bloom by growing them to single stem. The chrysanthemum cuttings started earlier should now be ready for the final potting. Make a good rich mixture as you can’t overfeed this plant. Keep the plants free from black fly. Frequent spraying with tobacco or kerosene preparation will hold them in check. Crotons should be making plenty of growth now and should be kept pinched in shape. Don’t do any cutting; simply pinch out the end of the shoot that you desire to stop. Keep the ferns growing while they are in the humor; a little liquid food will keep up this good work. Plunge all your large palms outside under a tree to harden them. It is thought by some people that this causes them to lose their color; but what is really the cause of that is that they are allowed to dry out too much. Rose Fete at Willowmere THE famous rose gardens of Willowmere, Admiral Aaron Ward’s home at Roslyn, L. I., will be opened to the public on June 8th from three to seven o’clock, for the benefit of the American Ambulance Hospital at Neuilly, France; admission, one dollar. The fete will be under the direction of Mrs. R. Bacon, wife of the former Ambassador. Admiral Ward’s example in help- ing the cause of humanity might be copied by others whose gardens have features of special interest to the public. A “Report” and its Significance SOME little time ago there appeared a press bulletin from the U. S. Depart- ment of Agriculture, purporting to show, according to its title, “Where Strawberries Come From.” It stated that by a government investigation it had been found that the eight most important commercial strawberry districts are Central California, Tennessee, Maryland, Delaware, Southern Louisiana, North and South Carolina, Virginia and the Ozarks. But, it goes on to explain, the survey by which these facts were established took into consideration only carload lots. This explanation, of course, saves the report from being a misstatement of fact, but it leaves it at best only a partial statement of the truth. For it takes no account whatever of the immense quantities of berries shipped by express, in small broken lots, by truck, and in other ways delivered more or less directly by producer to consumer. Just what this factor may amount to is indicated by another comparison of strawberry producing districts, using the U. S. Census figures for production in quarts, as a basis. In this way we find that in 1910, the heaviest strawberry producing section comprised the South Atlantic States with 63,124,937 quarts. This accounts for the prominence of Delaware, Mary- land, Virginia and the Carolinas in the above list. Second place goes to the Middle Atlantic States, with 43,747,240 quarts, although no commonwealth from this group was recognized in the recent survey. The third group was the East North Central Division with 39,698,906, again without representation in the press report; and then follows, with only 28,700,140 quarts, the Pacific Division including Cali- fornia, now placed as the most important section of all. More- over, this district is closely pressed by the Western North Central States with 26,308,339 quarts, after which another wide gap separates this from the West- ern South Central group (includ- ing Louisiana), with 19,701,936 quarts. The Eastern South Cen- tral Division with Tennessee as its representative in the carload lot list follows and is followed by the remaining, New England and Mountain Divisions. Comparing these figures the question suggests itself, why go to the trouble and expense of mak- ing a survey that so incompletely views the subject? Why make a basis of the carload lot when such a tremendous proportion of the crop is marketed otherwise? In short, why attempt to give out any information at all if that which can be obtained is but frag- Trowel cultivation around the plant without mentary and unrepresentative? disturbing the roots will counteract drought Typical scene in the modern rose garden in which everblooming Teas, Hybrid Teas Characteristic method of using the modern Rambler Hybrids for decorative purposes, and Hybrid Perpeluals are grown for specimen blooms in this instance draping over a stone wall THE STORY OF THE MODERN ROSE’ By Ernest H. Wilson, Arboretum [Editor’s Note. — This is the first of a series of articles of unusual importance that will appear month by month in The Garden Magazine and each one having a timely interest. Mr. Wilson writes both as a botanist and a practical horticulturist — a rare com- bination, indeed. More than any other man living, he is justified, as the result of his travels and collections in China and Japan, together with his work in the gardens and nurseries of Europe and America, to speak authoritatively on the subject which he touches. In this series of articles, he will present many new and perhaps surprising conclusions, besides helping to unravel some of the mysteries or confusions that have hitherto surrounded the stories of some of our favorite plants. Mr. Wilson goes to the fountain head for his facts, and every statement made in this and the future articles is based on an actual verification of references, dates, etc., and an acquain- tance with the living plants themselves, both in their native regions and in our gardens.} THE establishing of a trading factory at Canton, in southern China, by the English East- India Company toward the close of the seventeenth century, would appear to have very little if, indeed, anything to do with the development of modern horticul- ture in general and the Rose in particular. But as a matter of fact it has had a great deal to do with both, and garden lovers gen- erally (though they may not know it), owe a big debt to the directors and officers of that grand old Company. The Company met with great opposition from the Chinese and others and it was a century before it fully established itself in China. Never- theless, in the earliest days of its career there an officer of the Company sent to England some dried plants, among them two Roses, known now-a-days botanically as Rosa mulliflora and R. laevigata, which are mentioned by Plukenet in his Almages- tum in 1696. Toward the end of the eighteenth century in spite of the Na- poleonic wars and the fact that each vessel was armed and often had to do battle against foes, the captains of the East- Indiamen, as the Company’s ships were called, used to carry home plants which they, or the factory officials at Canton, found growing in the gardens of the Chinese. These plants found their way into the gardens of the Company’s directors and their friends and from hence into the Royal Gardens, Kew, and elsewhere. To these agencies we owe our earliest varieties of Chrysanthemums, Camellias, Moutan Peonies, Chinese Primrose, Chinese Azaleas, and, what here concerns us chiefly, the first plants of the Chinese Monthly, Tea and Rambler Roses — parents of the modern Rose. Early in the eighteenth century India received through the same source many plants including these and other Roses. It is important to remember this since one of these, the Chinese Monthly Rose ( Rosa chinensis), was afterward erroneously con- sidered to be native of India and became generally known as the “Bengal Rose.” This Rose and its var. semperflorens were introduced by the French to the Isle of Bourbon, doubtless from India, during the eighteenth century. The Bengal Rose was known to Gronovius in 1704, and came into cultivation in Haarlem in 1781, having probably been introduced by Dutch East-Indiamen. But, preoccupied wi(h their tulips and other bulbous plants the Dutch have done little toward developing the modern Rose. In 1789, Sir Joseph Banks introduced it to England and, chronologically, our story here begins. In 1789, Rosa chinensis var. semper- florens (Crimson Chinese Monthly), through the captain of an English East-Indiaman, came into the possession of Gilbert Slater, Esq. In 1804, Thomas Evans sent from China to England through the same agency the first Rambler Rose ( Rosa mulliflora var. earned). In 1809, Sir Abraham Hume, received from China, through a similar agency, the first Tea-scented Rose which had double pink flowers and was christened Rosa chinensis var. odoratissima. And, to complete the independent activities of the British East-India Company, between 1815 and 1817, Charles Francis Greville, 2.53 Esq., received from China a Rambler Rose {Rosa multiflora var. platyphylla) which enjoyed lasting popularity under the name of “Seven Sisters” and by which name it will be remembered by many readers of this Magazine. * Meanwhile, in 1792, Lord Macartney brought back with him from China a Rose {R. bracteata) which was styled the Ma- cartney Rose and which is now naturalized in some of our warmer states. Another Chinese Rose — the Cherokee Rose — the date of whose introduction to this country is unknown, is also naturalized widely in the warmer states and received its earliest name {R. laevigata) in 1803, from Michaux who firmly believed it to be native of this country. In 1796, Rosa rugosa, native of Japan, Korea and extreme northeastern Asia, was introduced to England by Messrs. Lee and Kennedy. These new and amazing plants from China quickly attracted the attention of patrons of horticulture in England and men were despatched to China expressly to send home all the novelties they could find; and, intermittently, from the commence- ment of the nineteenth century down to the present day ardent collectors have been busily employed, but this wonderfully rich country is not yet exhausted of its floral treasures! One of the first of these col- lectors— William Kerr — sent home in 1807, the double white-flowered Banksian Rose {Rosa Banksiae). In 1824, John Damper Parks sent home the double yellow-flowered Banksian Rose {R. Banksiae var. lutea) and a semi-double yellowish Tea Rose {R. ^Copyright 1915, by Doubleday. Page & Co. 254 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE June, 1915 chinensis var. ochroleuca). In 1825, the Small-leaved Rose ( R . Roxburghii, better known as R. micro phylla) with double reddish flowers blossomed for the first time in Messrs. Colville’s Nursery in London. We have already mentioned that Chinese Roses were introduced to India in the eigh- teenth century and that some of them to- ward the end of that century were intro- duced to the French Isles of Bourbon, south of the equator, where we learn they thrived amazingly and produced new forms. From Mauritius in 1810, Sweet intro- duced to England the Fairy Rose ( R . chinensis var. minima) ; this I consider to be merely a variant of var. semperflorens, the Crimson Monthly Rose. About 1819, from the Isle of Bourbon, the Rose Ed- ward reached France, and crossed with the French Rose (R. gallica) gave rise to the Hybrid Bourbon Roses. This Rose Ed- ward is of much interest; long ago it was cultivated in Calcutta and it is obviously a Hybrid Chinese. The specimen I have seen strongly suggests R. chinensis x R. cenli- folia as its parentage. The Chinese Monthly Rose ( R . chinensis) crossed with the French Rose ( R . gallica) gave rise to the Hybrid Chinese Roses. The Hybrid Chinese and the Hybrid Bourbon crossed with the Damask Rose (R. damascena) gave rise to the Hybrid Perpetual Roses. The Hybrid Perpetual crossed with the Tea Rose ( R . chinensis var. odoratissima) gave rise to the Hybrid Tea Roses which to-day are the dominant class of Roses. Lastly, Rosa chinensis crossed with the Musk Rose ( R . ?noschata) gave rise to the Noisette Roses, a beautiful class which, unfortunately, has gone out of favor. But to return to the collectors: In 1846, Robert Fortune sent from China to England the yellow-buff Fortune Rose ( R . chinensis var. pseudoindica), a tea-scented Rose rather similar to the var. ochroleuca and widely known under the name “Beauty of Glazen- wood.” In 1850, he sent home from China a Rose with relatively large double white flowers supposed to be cross between the Banksian and Cherokee Roses and which was named Rosa Fortuneana. In 1886, the Wichuraiana Rose (R. Luciae) was introduced to Brussells from Japan. In 1878, Prof. R. Smith sent from Japan to a Mr. Jenner in England a Rose which the recipient named “The Engineer” in com- pliment to the profession of its donor. In course of time thisRose came into possession of a nurseryman named Gilbert who ex- hibited some cut flowers of it under the above name in 1890, and received an Award of Merit from the Royal Horticultural Society. Soon afterward Messrs. Turner, of Slough purchased the stock and changed the name to “Crimson Rambler.” Now, thisRose is generally assumed to be a hybrid between Rosa multiflora and some Chinese Monthly Rose. To me this view is un- tenable. I do not think it has any Chinese Monthly blood in it at all. It has long been cultivated in China and I consider that, like the Seven Sisters Rose, it is a sport from the common, wild pink-flowered Chinese Rambler (R. multiflora f. catha- yensis). These various Chinese Roses were introduced from Chinese gardens where they have been cultivated from time im- memorial and their wild prototypes were not discovered, much less introduced, until comparatively recently. The true Rambler Rose ( R . multiflora) is a native of Japan and has single white flowers in large panicles. This was sent to Lyons, France, from Japan in 1862, by M. Coignet, an engineer. The pink flow- ered Chinese variety has only just been dignified by a distinctive name. In 1888, General Collett discovered, in the Shan Hills of Upper Burmah, a Rose with white, pale yellow or buff flowers six inches across and this was named Rosa gigantea. He introduced it to Europe and it thrives wonderfully in the Riviera but in England it flowers sparingly. This Rose is common in Yunnan, southwest China, and has given rise to a race of double flowered Roses which are cultivated for ornament by the Chinese in that region. This Giant Rose is very fragrant and I believe it to be the prototype and parent of the Tea-scented Roses long cultivated by the Chinese. The prototype of the Chinese Monthly Rose was first found growing wild in 1885, by A. Henry in the province of Hupeh, PARENTS OF THE PRINCIPAL GARDEN ROSES OF THE 19th — 20th CENTURIES R. chinensis CHINESE MONTHLY OR BENGAL Rose (Introduced from China or India to Holland, 1781) Derivatives: Cramoisie Superieure and others. R. chinensis x R. gallica = HYBRID CHINESE ROSES Such as General Jacqueminot, Paul Verdier, Fair Rosa- mund, Souvenir de Pierre Dupuy and others. R. chinensis x R. centifolia = ROSE EDWARD (Introduced from Isle of Bourbon to France about 1819. Rose Edward x R. gallica := HYBRID BOURBON Roses. Such as Souvenir de la Malmaison, Souvenir de Mme. Auguste Charles, Yellow Malmaison and others. Hybrid Chinese and, or Hybrid Bourbon x R. damascena = HYBRID PERPETUAL ROSES Such as Baroness Rothschild, Frau Karl Druschki, Louis Van Houtte, Mrs. John Laing, Victor Verdier, American Beauty, and many others. R. chinensis var. semperflorens CRIMSON CHINESE Monthly Rose (Introduced into England from China in 1789) R. chinensis var. minima FAIRY ROSE (Introduced to England from Mauritius in 1810) Derivatives: alba, Fairy, Red Pet, Retour du Prin- temps and others. This Rose is probably only a state of R. chinensis var. semperflorens. R. chinensis var. odoratissima Tea ROSE (Introduced from China to England in 1809) Derivatives: Niphetos, Catherine Mermet, Safrano Perle des Jardins, Maman Cochet, Rubens, Marechal Niel, Devoniensis, Bon Silene, The Bride, and many others. Tea Rose x Hybrid Perpetual — HYBRID TEAS Such as La France, Killarney, Belle Siebrecht, Caro- line Testout, Gruss an Teplitz, William F. Bennett, Mrs. Russell, Sunburst, Lady Hillingdon, The Hadley, Ophelia, Mrs. Aaron Ward, and many others. R. chinensis var. pseudoindica FORTUNE’S Double Yellow or Beauty of Glazenwood (Introduced from China to England in 1846) R. chinensis x R. moschata = NOISETTE ROSE (First cross raised in Charleston, S. C., in 1816) Derivatives: Lamarque, Aimee Vibert, William Allen Richardson, Solfaterre, Madame Carnot, Bouquet d’Or, and many others. R. chinensis x R. arvensis — ROSA RUGA R. chinensis x R. multiflora var. carnea— FELLENBERG (Raised about 1818 but not distributed until 1857) R. multiflora var. carnea Red POLYANTHA ROSE (Introduced from China to England in 1804) R. multiflora var. platyphylla SEVEN SISTERS ROSE (Introduced from China between 1815 and 1817) R. multiflora POLYANTHA ROSE (Introduced into France about 1862 from Japan) Crossed with other groups has given rise to Rose Mignonette, Rose Paquerette, and others. R. multiflora x General Jacqueminot = The Dawson Rose R. multiflora x Noisette — ROSA POLYANTHA Grandiflora R. Luciae WICHURAIANA ROSE (Introduced to Brussels from Japan about 1886) Crossed with other Roses has given rise to race known as Wichuraiana Hybrids, such as Dorothy Perkins, Hiawatha, Farquhar Rose, Excelsa, Lady Gay, and many others. R. Luciae x Tea Rose L’Ideale — ROSE Reni ANDRE R. anemonaeflora . ANEMONE FLOWERED ROSE (Introduced from China to England in 1844) R. bracteata MACARTNEY ROSE (Introduced from China to England in 1792) Derivatives: Victoire Modeste, Coccinea Rosea, Rubra-duplex. It has also been crossed with R. laevi- gata. R. gigantea GlANT Tea ROSE (Introduced into England from Upper Burmah in 1888) R. rugosa RlIGOSA ROSE (Introduced into England 1796, and has given rise to numerous varieties. Such as R. rugosa var. repens alba, Blanche de Cou- bert, and others. R. rugosa x R. Luciae — ROSA JACKSONI This was raised by Jackson Dawson and is one of the earliest Wichuraiana crosses. R. rugosa x R. chinensis = ROSA CaLOCARPA R. pendulina Alpine Rose R. pendulina x R. chinensis - BoURSAULT ROSES, Such as Old Red Boursault, Amadis, elegans. Blush Boursault, Calypso, inermis, and others raised early in the nineteenth century. R. laevigata CHEROKEE Rose Native of China but long since naturalized in warmer parts of U. S. A R. laevigata x Rosa chinensis — ROSE ANEMONE R. Banksiae Lady BANKS’ Rose (Introduced from China to England in 1807) R. Banksae x R. laevigata = Rosa FORTUNIANA (Introduced from China to England in 1850) R. Banksiae var. lutea . Double Yellow Banksian Rose (Introduced into England from China in 1824) R. Roxburghii .... . Small-Leaved Rose (Introduced to England and flowered for first time in 1824) R. Roxburghii x R. rugosa — ROSA MICRUGOSA R. foetida AUSTRIAN BRIAR Persian Yellow Rose brought from Persia to England in 1838 by Sir Henry Willock is probably a form of this with double flowers. Rose Persian Yellow x Rose H. P. Jean Ducher — Rose Soliel d’Or and Others R. foetida var. bicolor . . AUSTRIAN COPPER R. eglanteria SWEET BRIAR R. eglanteria x R. foetida var. bicolor —PENZANCE Briars June, 1915 THE GARDEN M A G A Z I N E L255 central China, and in this same region the wild form of the Banksian Rose with single white flowers is extraordinarily abundant; so also is the Cherokee Rose and further west, in Szechuan, the prototype of the Small-leaved Rose ( R . Roxburghii ) is one of the most common wayside shrubs. The genus Rosa is confined to the north- ern Hemisphere and its members are found scattered over the cool and warm temperate and the sub-tropic regions of Asia, Europe, and North America, some of them are found in northern Africa but no species How the modern Rose is grown for garden embellishment on the Pacific Coast is endemic there. It is an exceedingly difficult genus to classify and botanists differ greatly in the estimate of the number of species. One botanist asserts that all may be included under three species; in the “Index Kewensis” more than five hundred species are enumerated. In the Arnold Arboretum Herbarium twenty-six species are recognized as indigenous to North Amer- ica; and of these virtually only one ( R . seti- gera), the Prairie Rose, has been utilized by the hybridist to date, and this but sparingly. However it is well to mention that a double- flowered form of Rosa virginiana, known as Rosed’Amour, has been known since 1768, and quite recently Rosa humilis has been crossed with Rosa rugosa. Except in gardens devoted to forming collections of plants, species of Rose, with a few exceptions, are rarely cultivated and it is trite to say that Roses as ordinarily understood are “made,” not discovered wild. In other words they are the product of the gardeners’ skill. I would I could take the average reader of this magazine to the mountain fastnesses of central and western China, and to certain remote parts of Japan and there introduce him to the wild types — • the raw products — from which have been evolved our “ Killarneys,” “American Beauty,” “Mrs. Chas. Russell,” “Lady Hillingdon,” “Caroline Testout,” “Mrs. George Shawver”; our “Rambler” and Wichuraiana Hybrid for decorative pillar effect “ Wichuraiana” Hybrids and innumerable others, and his or her astonishment would be profound. Truly it hardly seems cred- ible that the Roses of to-day had such a lowly origin. The French Rose (R. gallica), Provence Rose ( R . proviencialis) and Cabbage Rose (R. centifolia ) are said to be the only Roses known to Pliny, and it must be confessed that the distinctions between these so-called species are not obvious. From earliest limes in the Occident, down to the end of the eighteenth century, the Roses so much extolled by ancient writers and by our ancestors were either wild species native of Persia, Asia Minor, and Europe, or garden forms derived therefrom. These would include, in addition to those afore- mentioned, the White Rose (R. alba), the Musk Rose (R. moschata), the Damask Rose (R. damascena) , the Cinnamon Rose The modern American Rose, specially adapted for forcing in winter under glass {R. cinnamomea), the Moss Rose (R. centifolia var. muscosa ), Sweet Briar (R. eglanteria), Sulphur Rose (R. hemisphaerica) , Austrian Briar (R.foetida), and the Austrian Copper ( R.foetida var. bicolor). About the end of the eighteenth century the Ayrshire Roses were originated from R. arvensis, and early in the nineteenth cen- tury the Boursault Roses were developed, through crossing the Alpine Rose ( R . pendulina) with R. chinensis, and the Scotch Briars from R. spinosissima. Virtually all have disappeared from general cultivation Characteristic use of Rose on an English cottage in the gardens of Europe and North America. And all the species of Rose indigenous to North America, Europe and Asia Minor have fallen into disfavor and are no longer used by the Rose hybridist with the exception of those which have yellow flowers. In Roumelia and other parts of the Bal- kan peninsula, and on a small scale in parts of India, the French, Cabbage, and Damask Roses are extensively cultivated for the preparation of Attar of Roses. But as garden Roses the old have given place to the new, and the gardens of to-day are re- splendent with the products of the Bengal, Tea, Rambler, and Wichuraiana Roses, natives of China and Japan. New garden Roses are originated by the hybridizing of different species, varieties, and forms, and as sports from existing forms as in the case of “White Killarney” and many others. They are raised by means of seeds, cuttings, layering, budding, and grafting, but it is no part of my purpose to enter into these details. The object here is to tell of what has been, to show the source of what is, and to hint of what may yet be evolved. In this connection the accompanying synoptical chart illustrates the concrete facts in the evolution of the modern garden Roses. Of the vast array of Rose species not more than two dozen have in the past history of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE June, 1 9 1 3 250 Rosa mulutlora, the original Chinese prototype which has given us in part the modem Rambler Rose the Rose been employed in the breeding of garden Roses. Thus, leaving completely aside the innate tendency to varia- tion on the part of Roses of to- day, it is obvious that Rose breeders and specialists have still a wide untrodden field in which to experiment. It can- not be expected that every species will be found useful in the advancement of the Rose, yet at the same time only ex- periment, long continued, can decide which are useful or use- less. Beit remembered that our present-day Roses owe their principal origin to forms cul- tivated, we know not how long, by the flower-loving Chinese. The prototypes of the Bengal and Tea Roses have single flowers, and blossom but once a year. When these forms gave rise to “monthly bloom- ing” Roses, or how the latter originated is unknown. Pos- sibly, it was some erratic sport or maybe it was due to a radical change in environment caused by the removal of the parent plants to a region where the seasons were less fixed or winter unknown. However, be this as it may, a Rose with a decided tendency toward perpetual blooming was the most marked advance in the genus, from a garden view point, that had occurred up to that time. How modern hybridists have taken advantage of this variation needs no comment. YELLOW ROSES All Rose breeders have their ideals but in striving after size, form, color, freedom of blossom and of habit, after good foliage, hardiness, constitution, keeping qualities of the flowers and the like, fragrance should not be lost sight of. We want Roses good in all points. We want fragrant Roses in in- creasing quantities. We want a Rambler Rose with pure white flowers as large and as freely produced as in the Crimson Rambler. Also we want yellow Ramblers, yellow Hybrid Perpetuals, more yellow Hybrid Teas and Tea Roses. Where can we look for these yellow Roses? Now, of wild Roses with clear yellow flowers there are only known seven species: the Simple-leaved Rose ( R . persica ), Austrian Briar ( R . foetida), Sulphur Rose (R. hemis- phaerica), Mrs. Aitchison’s Rose ( R . Ecae) — all natives of Asia Minor and Persia to central Asia (Austrian Briar is also found in the Crimea) — Father Hugh’s Rose (R. Hugonis ) and Lindley’s Rose (R. xanthina) natives of northern China. The latter, though named in 1820 from a Chinese draw- ing and long cultivated in Peking where double and single-flowered forms occur, was only introduced to cultivation a year ago by F. N. Meyer of the U. S. Department of Agriculture. Father Hugh’s Rose was raised at Kew in 1899. The others have been known for a long period and some have been and still are being used by Rose breeders. The Double Sulphur or Yellow Provence Rose has been known since the seventeenth century. The Yellow Persian was brought back from Persia in 1838, by Sir Henry Willock and is presumably a form of R. foetida. The Harrison Rose is either a form of this or more probably a hybrid between it and R. spinossisima. All these Roses will doubtless play an important part in the future, but, personally, I am of the opinion that the yellow and buff-colored forms of Rosa gigantea are the Roses that will be found of greatest value in the evol- tion of the yellow Roses of the future. The rampant growth and sparseness of blossom may be urged against them, but who can say how much these characters may be modified under cultivation and by the hybridist? Forms of the Scotch Rose ( R . spinosissima ) have nearly yellow flowers but the only other really yellow Roses known are R. Banksiae var. lutea and the single-flowered R. Banksiae var. lutescens, neither yet known in a wild state. Wild Roses are pretty and charming plants, yet it cannot be claimed that their beauty transcends that of other groups of wild flowers. Nevertheless, the Rose holds a unique place in the thought and estimation of civilized man. In poetry and prose its beauty has been extolled far and wide in many tongues. The old Persian poet, Omar Khayyam, in the eleventh century sang its praises and a Damask Rose now grows on his grave and also on that of his first English trans- lator, Edward Fitzgerald. A UNIVERSAL NAME The Rose is the one flower whose name is common to the polyglot people of this land. In English, French, German, Danish, and Nor- wegian its name is Rose; in Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, and Latin it is Rosa; in Swedish it is Ros, in Dutch Roos, in Bohemian Ruze, in Hungarian Rozsa and in Greek Rhodon. Is not this both remarkable and significant? It is the national flower of one great race, but it is loved by all and is the monopoly of no one race nor creed. In one internecine war it was used as an em- blem by opposing factions. In this country’s Civil War the Cherokee Rose was often planted as a memorial on the graves of fallen heroes by their surviving comrades. And to-day, the sight of the white flowers of this Rose wells up from the heart of many a veteran scenes of carnage and strife and brings back mem- ories of comrades laid to rest beneath its shade. In this and other lands the Rose has societies devoted to encouraging its ad- vancement and rightly so. But in some ways the Rose of all flowers least needs the help of special societies. It is the one flower which for some inscrutable reason has never lost its popularity and by this same token never will. The story of the Modern Rose is a story of progress and as such holds a peculiar fascination over all. The Near East gave the first fruits to the West; the Far East in due course added its bounty. Europe began the improvement, and soon this country took up a share. The peoples of Asia, Europe, and North America have evolved the Modern Rose. With the rapid advance in the science of hybridizing and the introduction of species and forms from far and near new races will be evolved and new eras in the development of the Rose will arise. The story here briefly sketched is but the prelude to the full story of the Rose which the future will gradually unfold. [The next article of Mr. Wilson’s series, to appear in the July number of The Garden Magazine, will be entitled “Consider the Lilies.”) The Suburban Water Supply — By Geo. L. Robinson, vN0er" FEATURES THAT GOVERN THE LOCATION OF BUILDINGS, GARDENS, DRIVES, IN RELATION TO WATER SUPPLY— SPRINGS AND WELLS AND THE ESTIMATION OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR GENERAL DOMESTIC USE THE comfort and pleasure of living in the country depend very largely on a good water supply. When one acquires a suburban property to develop the first consideration to make it livable is where to getgood, clean water and plenty of it. This is a question which should be gone into from every stand- point as it really governs the location of buildings, drives, gardens and other fea- tures which may come later on. A great aid to the owner is an accurate topograph- ical map showing the physical lay of the land with springs, streams, trees, rock out- crop, etc. Of course there are no two properties alike. One owner may be fortunate in find- ing a spring at such a point that he can develop it to fill a reservoir from which he can pipe an adequate supply by gravity to provide for all the demands of the house, stables and gardens. Another owner may find it necessary to sink a driven well sev- eral hundred feet to get any water at all. As a rule this will mean more study as to well location, balancing the driving condi- tions with respect to distance from buildings and gardens. Sometimes it is quite feasible to take water from a stream which is pure enough for domestic use. It may even happen that the same stream will also furnish power for biting the water to the distributing reser- voir or tank. Such power is frequently developed by a ram or water wheel, and, if the stream is large enough, with proper fall one might develop power for electric lighting as well as pumping. All these conditions should be revealed by the topographical study and used by the architect and the landscape architect in planning the location of the buildings and planting. A stream large enough to furnish power is, however, by the very reason of its size and the large watershed through which it passes, open to suspicion of pollution. Streams flowing over some distance are usually not within the property control of the owner and may be carrying the drain- age of estates farther up stream. The writer has in mind a stream of some size which is being used both for power with a ram and supply after passing through a sand filter. The watershed above gives off a rather constant flow of clear water and the owner in this case has installed a com- pound ram below his dam, which uses the natural flow for power and the filtered water for supply. There were many fields under cultivation above the dam and a few houses so it seemed best to filter through sand before use for domestic purposes. Of all pumping machinery the ram, when un- limited water flow can be wasted, is one of the most economical in operation and least Water tower used in connection with a pergola and in- troduced as part of the structural work around the garden. Water is pumped into this to procure the necessary head expensive to install. There is complaint sometimes of the noise, or “pound,” but when properly set and piped it should offer little objection. Another interesting point is the develop- ment of a spring which seems weak and of not much value. At times at the foot of a hillside a good flowing spring can be pro- duced by extending ditches or infiltration galleries along the contours in such a way as to intercept the water as it percolates down- ward and draw it to a central spring house. From here it is either pumped to the reser- voir or pressure system or fed by gravity to the buildings beyond. This plan has been used many times and has been found to give great satisfaction. The location of wells has caused more dis- cussion perhaps than any other subject pertaining to water supply. Many well drillers, with their years of experience, will frankly say that there is no sure way of tell- ing where water is to be found. Some peo- ple still pin their faith on the divining rod, which is supposed to indicate, by a twitch or other occult way, the presence of water when the operator passes the right spot. The Government has published reports of the records of wells in many districts, and it frequently happens that an owner can get much information to guide him in locating the boring. Such records mention the rock or gravel formation with other geological data which prove wonderfully useful in estimating the probable depth and yield of a new well in the field described. It may be that the owner finds that he needs water for gardens, lawns, etc., to such an extent that he will be justified in instal- ling a separate system to use surface water from a pond or brook which is not fit for drinking, cooking, or bathing. The devel- opment of the automatic garden and lawn sprinkler systems, with their long pipe lines and numerous nozzles, puts a demand on a water system far beyond that which would be allowed ordinarily for domestic uses. In many parts of the country an adequate supply of water can be found by means of a driven well, which may give a flowing head An automatic ram can be used to develop power to raise the water from a run- ning stream 257 2 58 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE June, 1915 It has been determined that the average family of ten persons (in- cluding servants) will use in their do- mestic life something like one hundred gallons per person per twenty-four hours. This of course includes water for all domestic purposes, such as cooking, laundry, flushing plumbing, etc. Now when one adds to this the water needed for washing cars, sprinkling lawns and gardens, feeding horses and stock, it might be quite fair to allow twice this estimated quantity. It would be still better to study the outside water requirements separ- ately and provide water for the par- ticular case in hand. When there is a swimming pool to be filled still other elements enter the problem. Sometimes the pool can be filled and continuously fed by a gravity source without pumping, but if the pool is a large one and pumping is required it is well to install a filter and use the water over and over again. A large out-of-doors pool requires enough water to make up for evaporation and per- haps a daily spraying of the surface to drive off leaves and other floating substances. Another most important element to be considered is the quality of the water to be used. This should be investigated with very great care, as many waters which look fine may be badly contaminated with sewage or other forms of filth. This is a question to be referred to a competent en- gineer who can recommend a chemist and bacteriologist equipped with such proper laboratory facilities as will enable him to make a careful and truthful report on samples submitted. The taking of samples, also, should be done by a person who understands the requirements and is provided with proper sampling appliances. The owner will then know from the chem- ist’s report the real character of the water to be used— its hardness, its chemical com- position and its bacterial content. To be sure the owner must be guided in the interpretation of the water analysis by his expert as there are many terms used which would convey little meaning to the layman. For example, “free ammonia” “albumenoid ammonia” or “chlorine” indicate to the chemist comparative data which enables him to give a reasonable value to the sample taken. If examinations are to be made of waters of some volume of flow or of a lake or pond it would require a series of tests to make an absolute decision. A single test might and probably would be misleading in one direc- tion or another. The bacterial analysis is the best check for sewage pollution. Thus, if the chemical tests lead one to suspect contamin- ation, the bacterial test will give a clear answer by showing the num- ber and nature of bacteria. The survey of the property ought to include such observations as would point out the possible sources of con- tamination. These in many cases can be done away with and the water protected. There are many ways of treating water so that if the only supply that can be used is found open to suspicion if can still be used with safety for drinking purposes. The most common method of treat- ing is some form of sand filtration either under gravity action or operat- ing with mechanical equipment. There are a number of filters on the market which give excellent results. The bone charcoal filter with alum coagulent is very efficient in brightening water and removing any tinge of color. Sometimes a well water which seems to the eye in a small glass or jar perfectly clear may develop fogginess when observed in a deep swimming pool. The charcoal filter will clear up such water wonderfully. Quite recently the ultra-violet ray has been used as a germ destroyer. This machine of course requires an electric current for its operation. It is successful only when the water is clear and does not act in any way to clarify muddy or turbid water, but only as a sterilizing agent. Liquid chlorine is also used in water purification, but mostly in public supplies. When during a long drought the water in a pond or lake takes on the unpleasant taste due to algae formation, this can be removed by a treatment with copper sulphate. Much information is to be had on this subject in state and Federal reports. The “New Irrigation” for the Small Garden By F. F. Rockwell, neclicut THE USE OF MODERN METHODS IN APPLYING WATER TO SMALL GARDENS BY MEANS OF SPECIAL APPLIANCES EASILY ADJUSTED, PERMANENT, AND OF MODERATE COST FROM time to time there are changes in cultural meth- ods so radical that they demand new words or terms to describe them, such as the “dust mulch,” “dry farming,” “dry spraying” and so forth. Within the last few years, no phase of garden work has undergone such radical development as that of applying water to growing crops. But no new term to describe this new method has been forthcoming. It is still called “irrigation”; but irrigation to the laymen, and to most gardeners, means something entirely different from this com- paratively new method of applying "Nozzle lines” supported on posts, either pipe or wood may be used at a height of six feet. Run the pipe lines at right angles to the rows water. Irrigation means the ap- plication of water to the growing crops for the purpose of stimulating growth, no matter by what method it is applied. But most people un- consciously associate it with mil- lion dollar reservoirs and canals in the arid districts of the West. By the new’er systems, however, a ten dollar bill may give you in your backyard garden, irrigation which will produce as wonderful results as any you have read about, and a much more perfect system of watering. In speaking of the advantages which an irrigating outfit at a reasonable cost offers the home June, 1915 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 359 gardener it is difficult not to make claims so great that the average reader will fight shy of the whole proposition. I have no desire to exaggerate, but I cannot imagine the gardener who would, if he could actually see the results to be obtained, rest content until he had equipped his own garden if it were by any means possible for him to ob- tain water — and right here it may be as well to emphasize the fact that all the water you need is the supply to be obtained through a f inch pipe at an ordinary pres- sure, 30 to 50 pounds. Perfect water con- trol, such as is supplied in a practical way by modern irrigation methods, is under almost all circumstances the most important factor in making for good crops every sea- son. And until you regulate this, all the time and money you spend on good seed, manures, fertilizers, cultivation, and in fighting bugs and diseases, must be in- vested as a gamble with the weather, in which you stand to lose practically all the results you had hoped for in spite of any- thing you can do yourself. This new method of irrigation, in general, is termed the “overhead” system because the water is applied from pipes running Head of nozzle line riser. Short nipple, elbow, long nipple, valve and turning union, with strainer inside above the ground instead of in ditches, or in tiles beneath the soil, as has been done here- tofore. The first great advantage of this system is that it can be used everywhere and anywhere; and in the very smallest units with as great advantage, compara- tively, as on large areas. In your own back- yard you can have your own irrigation plant and grow vegetables and flowers which, if you are a skillful enough gardener, will vie with any which you may have seen at agricultural and horticultural exhibitions or pictured in the seed catalogues. You know from your own garden experi- ence, even if it has been very limited, the importance of having plenty of water for your growing crops. Probably you have seldom had the chance to harvest a crop which had had all the water which it could make use of throughout the entire season. Many gardeners seem to have the idea that irrigation is necessary only during a drought to prevent entire crop failure. In almost all parts of the United States, even in good seasons, there are periods when growth has to slow up because the moisture supply in the soil is getting low. So that irrigation means not only crops saved in drought sea- sons but much larger crops in normal seasons. It is for this reason that you can go to the expense (which is not great), of putting in a watering system with the full assurance that you will get a satisfactory return on your money each season, no matter what the weather may be. The new or overhead system not only differs from any other method of applying water formerly in use, in being more available, but it also gets the water upon the ground in the ideal way — that is, in the form of a fine, gentle spray like a misty rain, which does not pack the surface nor form puddles, nor spatter foliage and flowers with mud, nor beat down the tender little plants and seedlings. More- over in operation it is practically automatic, as the only attention required is to turn the lines occasionally part way over so that the water will fall on a different strip of ground. F or large gardens even this minimum amount of attention is not necessary if one gets one of the several automatic turning devices which are now to be had. In spite of all these advantages the cost of a complete outfit, pipe, nozzles and all, is little or no more than you would pay for a length of good hose sufficient to water the same sized garden! The principle upon which this new system of watering is based is so simple that when you see it you will wonder why it had not been used years ago. Although there are now a number of concerns from which equipment for overhead irrigating can be obtained, it is only within the last four or five years that it has come into general use even commercially, but the results obtained have been so remarkable that it is revolu- tionizing the business of market gardening, and will undoubtedly do the same for the home garden as soon as it becomes more widely known. The whole equipment for overhead watering is extremely simple. A small sized pipe — § inch is large enough for gardens up to 150 feet long — is run the length of the garden, and from this the water is thrown to a distance of some 25 feet in either direction. Therefore each “line,” covers a strip fifty feet wide the whole length of the garden. There are two general methods of apply- ing the water, from overhead. To dis- tinguish them they may be called the “nozzle-line” system and the “sprinkler” system. The several concerns manufac- turing irrigation equipment advocate one system or the other, and in addition, of course, their particular line of equipment. In the “nozzle-line” system the water is applied through a series of small nozzles, placed at intervals of three or four feet in the line which runs the length of the garden, and from which the water is thrown in a row of small streams which are broken up through the resistance of the air, into fine particles which give a real imitation rain. In the sprinkler system the water is applied through sprinklers which are a development of the lawn-sprink- ler but made so efficient that each one can water a circle some fifty feet in diameter. Each sprinkler is supported on an upright piece or ‘‘standpipe.” These are placed about fifty feet apart on the pipe line, which is usu- ally put below the surface. With the sprink- ler system the wa- ter may be applied more rapidly; and is applied auto- matically; thepipe, except for the standpipes or “risers,” is out of the way beneath the ground. On the other hand, it costs more for the piping, which must be larger, requires more work to in- stall, and is not as perfectly under control as the noz- zle-line system, which can be turned from one side to the other; and when it is run parallel with the rows, can be used to water a few rows at a time, after planting or weeding, or to give some crops a heavier watering than others, which is, of course, an advantage. Moreover, when the water is applied in the form of circles, the points of the garden where they intersect get a double dose. With the various fittings made for the purpose it is perfectly feasible for any one who is at all handy with tools to install either system for his own garden. To take up the nozzle-line system, which is the more widely used, various things are required. First, a pipe line of sufficient size, from your water supply to the garden. Usually one inch is ample, and where the distance is short, and not over 150 feet of nozzle line is to be operated at one time, | inch will do. (Where the irrigating sys- tem is to be used only through the summer, this may be if you prefer, simply connected and laid over the ground to the garden, and taken up again in the fall. This should be connected with a union fitting so that it can be readily taken apart.) At the garden this should be connected by an “elbow” to an upright pipe of the desired height. The nozzle-line can be any convenient distance from six inches to six feet or more above the surface. Three to four feet is a con- venient height for a portable line, as de- scribed later, and six for a permanent one, as it is well out of the way. If you can run 260 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE June, 1915 the nozzle line along a fence at the side of the garden, it will save the trouble of put- ting in wood or pipe posts to support it, and be inconspicuous. At the top of the riser at the beginning of the line, use another elbow, and a valve. (The type of valve called a “gate” valve is the best, as it inter- feres least with the flow of water.) If only one nozzle line is used, no valve will be necessary, as the water can be turned on and off from the house, if near by. Next to the valve comes the turning union, which also contains a strainer, to clean the water and prevent clogging of the nozzles. Most of these are so designed that they can be cleaned or flushed out without taking them apart. The nozzle-line is turned from one side to the other by means of a short handle in this turning union. The nozzle-line itself is screwed directly into this union. The nozzles are inserted every three or four feet, according to type used and water pressure available. In order to have the water distributed evenly, it is necessary to have the nozzles exactly in line along the pipe, and inserted at right angles. For a small outfit it is about as cheap to buy the pipe ready drilled with the nozzles inserted. Where one wishes to buy his pipe locally, however, and put the nozzles in himself, there are drills made particularly for this work which clamp firmly onto the pipe, and having a small level attached, by means of which the nozzle holes may easily be drilled in an exact line, and true; the holes are bored and threaded for the nozzles at one operation. Local dealers in many sec- tions are now carrying overhead irrigation supplies, and usually the use of a drilling machine may be obtained at a small cost where you buy your nozzles and fittings. By purchasing a “ready-made” system you can get an outfit that can be put to- gether with an ordinary monkey wrench, all you need supply is the water and the supports. The supports for the nozzle-line may be of either wood or pipe. Second hand gas pipe, which is cheap, neat, long- lasting, and can be painted white or an attractive green, makes an ideal support. Special fittings, with rollers for the pipe to turn on, which will fit into the tops of such pipe posts without the bother of threading them, can be obtained for a few cents each. The sprinkler type of irrigation needs no special fitting at the beginning of the line except a strainer, and not even that if the water is clear. The valve for turning the water on and off should be over thirty feet away from the first sprinkler, in order that one may turn it off without getting “ rained” on. Where more than one line of sprinklers are used, they should be placed zig-zag, or between instead of opposite each other on adjacent rows. Either system can be used in a portable form. To use the noz- zle-line system this way, some of the special couplings to be had should be obtained, so that the sections of the line can be readily taken apart and put together without the use of pipe-tools, and keeping the alignment of the nozzles perfect. One can be taken apart and put together by hand, without even a monkey wrench. Another type, instead of the two projecting pins has a square opening or collar, so that in putting it together the nozzles are brought into line automatically. Portable supports may be made by forming tripods of three small stakes fastened to- gether at one end, with a stout wire hook, or a special hook roller-support, suspended Two pins in the union of this system as.ure alignment of nozzles For portable lines, easily detachable couplings are put to- gether or taken apart by hand a few inches below the top. It is generally more convenient, however, to have a line of stakes for each place the nozzle line is to be used, so that it can be moved from one to the other. The sprinkling system can be There are many types of irrigation nozzles, each fitted to a special form of spray. Here are a few samples made portable by simply inserting the stand-pipe supporting the sprinkler in an ordinary “T” fitting, the lower opening of which is closed with a hardwood plug hav- ing a tapering point, which can be pushed into the ground to hold it in an upright position. It can then be attached to either pipe or your regular hose and moved about like a lawn sprinkler, except that, as it covers a circle some fifty feet in diameter in each position, it will have to be changed but a few times to cover the ordinary sized place. No matter how desirable any garden ac- cessory may be, of course the question of cost must be considered. Considering that it does its work practically automatically, will last indefinitely with little or no ex- pense for “repairs” (there is nothing to wear out but the valve packing), and the results it makes possible, the cost of an overhead irrigating system is very little. The cost of items required for a hundred- foot nozzle line would be, approximately, f-inch gate valves, 75c.; turning union, galvanized, $2; 100 feet f-inch galvanized pipe, $5 to $7; 25 to 33 nozzles at 5c., $1.25 to $1.65; long nipple, cap, and elbow. 10c. each, 30c. This makes a total of $9.30 to $11.70 for the nozzle line, complete. The posts, which should be placed every twelve or fifteen feet, would cost 10 to 25 cents apiece more, making a dollar or two addi- tional. Under ordinary conditions, where the garden is not more than a hundred feet or so from the house or water supply, $15 to $20 will cover the entire cost of a ioo-foot line, capable of irrigating a garden 100 by 50 feet, or, if moved once to either side, a gar- den 150 by 100 feet; in the latter case of course, another 100 feet of supply pipe would be required. The cost of a sprinkler system for the same size garden would be, valve 75c.; 100 feet pipe, $5; two risers, 60c.; two sprinklers, $6; fittings, 30c., a total of $12.65 or a little more, according to the cost of pipe. Here are a few suggestions about apply- ing the water by the overhead system. As a matter of economy it is better to turn on the water late in the afternoon, and to use it on quiet rather than windy days, so there will be the least waste from evapor- ation. Also, if possible, use it while you are working in the garden or about the place, as the nozzle-lines have to be turned only every half hour to an hour, according to the water pressure and the amount of “rain” wanted, but it is very easy to for- get all about it if you are doing something else, and the ground may be over-watered, to the injury of the crops, especially if you have heavy land or a clay subsoil. A good time to water is a day or two after each weeding or hoeing, after the weeds have had a chance to die. Don’t water just afterward or you will reroot all the weeds you thought to have killed, and find them firmly established. Practical Plans for the Home Grounds IV. A Seven-Acre Country Place— By Ruth Dean, LandN%TYDoerrcr' (Editors’ Note — One article in this series of layout plans appears each month, and each one approaches a problem totally different from the others. Complete planting plans are not given here, as the object is to discuss the layout in general. Several planting plans will be found in the issues for February and April from which the garden maker may adopt details to fit his own case.) A solution of the difficult problem of making a comfortable home in a wide flat expanse 2(51 A PERFECTLY blank meadow would seem to offer the simplest kind of a situation in which to place a house and garden; yet a stretch of open, flat country offers about the dullest, the least inspiring problem, with which the gardener has to deal. To set house and garden down in the midst of emptiness, so to speak, to pull them to- gether, and then make the whole composition fit into the surrounding country, and appear to have some natural boundary, is, in most cases, considerably difficult. An open stretch of meadow fringed on one side by wood- land and bounded on the op- posite by country road, are the seven acres represented on this plan. Here the shape of the garden, its fan-like spread, is suggested by the low, long-armed house. The garden itself is tied to the house by means of tall hedges and the whole thing is made a part of its surroundings by bigger planting, which fol- lows the character of the na- tive woodland borders. A gentle up-slope to the house is the only variation from a level gradient, and this slope the drive follows until it forks, just before reaching the house, to lead one side of tall-growing shrubs to the service wing of the house; the other side, to the main entrance. Here, immediately upon stepping into the house, one catches the flash of garden beyond, at the end of which is the iris- planted pool, backed by dark cedars. This hallway fur- nishes the main axis of the garden, from which it spreads out between the two green ways, one of which leads through a gate to the tennis court, the other to the or- chard. Two big masses of color, marked off from the middle green by low hedges, are the flower gardens on either side. All the living rooms of the house open on the garden side, making possible a con- venient and separate group- ing of the service wing, etc.. Choice Summer Apples — By U. P. Hedrick, HorE?Pl«tNst«io»',u VARIETIES OF UNUSUAL MERIT THAT ARE NOT GROWN BY THE COMMERCIAL MAN BECAUSE THEY “DON’T PAY”, BUT WHICH THE HOME GARDEN MUST RESCUE FROM EXTINCTION Early Harvest, the first to ripen and quite above the average in quality SUMMER apples are out of fash- ion. Yet there are a score or more of them, each with a beauty of color and form of its own and each with a distinct and delicious flavor and aroma that make the apples of this season choicest to eye or palate. But the apple is now a money-making crop. Sum- mer apples are seldom moneymakers as they pass rather too rapidly from maturity to decay and cannot be handled in the markets because of their delicate skin and tender, juicy, flesh — characters which do not in the least detract from but rather add to their quality. Not only are summer apples out of fash- ion but we are losing the varieties. They are passing from cultivation or are being relegated to the limbo of the catalogue. It is useless to appeal to the commercial fruit-grower for the preservation of these choice summer apples. But the connoisseur, he who wants the best and is not content with mediocrity, who insists on tender- fleshed juicy, rich, refreshing apples, must resurrect and give a second period of probation to the summer worthies. The pageant is headed by Early Harvest which as the earliest of summer apples and as one suitable for either culinary uses or dessert held a welcome place in every home collection before apple growing was wholly commercialized. It is true that the fruits are not large but they are acceptable in size and taking all of the characters that please the eye there is no discount on ap- pearance, the color, pale yellow with a faint blush, and the well rounded form, making the apples rather handsome. The flesh while not very firm is fine, crisp, tender and juicy, a little too mild and yet very agree- able. The trees are quite above the average in vigor, fruitfulness, hardiness and health. In the markets Early Harvest is elbowed to the rear as an extra early apple by Yellow Transparent which is larger, firmer and a better culinary fruit but not nearly as good for dessert, for, though pleasantly sprightly and at the right stage of ripeness rather refreshing, it lacks the full rich flavor of Early Harvest. The apple is rightly named “Yellow Transparent,” its golden color and transparent flesh making it uniquely beautiful. This variety has the advantage, too, in being hardier of tree though it sometimes fails where Early Harvest succeeds because of greater sus- ceptibility to blight. Y’ellow Transparent comes in bearing earlier, but the trees do not live as long and never attain as great size as those of its rival in season; it is the early apple par excellence where hardiness is a prime requisite. A half dozen noteworthy apples follow in quick succession these two extra early ones of which, perhaps, Early Strawberry is next in ripening. This is a beautiful bright, deep red, strawberry colored apple, almost a perfect sphere, though a little conical, with yellowish flesh often streaked with red, pleasantly acidulous, sprightly, rich, aro- matic, and altogether most delectable in quality. The trees bear early, are hardy and exceptionally vigorous, healthy and fruitful. The apples are too delicate to ship. Specimens of Red June are ripe even before Early Strawberry can be eaten but the main crop comes later and some do not mature until late fall, covering a longer period of ripening than any other summer apple — a great asset in a small orchard. Red June is one of the beauties of the orchard — the small, deep, solid red, round apples, uniform in size and shape, making it perfect from an aesthetic standpoint. The beauty is more than skin deep, too, for flesh and flavor are as unique and tempting as form and color. Cut through its red skin and a flesh of snowy whiteness, rimmed and stained with crimson is exposed — juicy, sprightly, rich, aromatic, exceedingly good and wholly different from the flavor of any other apple or fruit. Red June is grown in full perfection only in the South though well worth trying as far north as the Bald- win is hardy. Early Joe ripens with or soon after Early 2G2 Yellow Transparent comes into bearing earlier than Early Harvest but does not live as long Strawberry. Its crisp, tender, juicy, aro- matic, richly flavored flesh is universally liked by apple connoisseurs and the small fruits, striped with red, are exceedingly at- tractive as well as highly flavored. Unfortun- ately, the tree is among the “unmanage- ables” being slow of growth, attaining only medium size, seldom fruitful and producing many undersized and malformed fruits. And yet by virtue of its exceptionally high quality and alluring appearance, Early Joe ought to be in every home orchard. This variety originated in 1800 in Ontario County, New York, growing in the same lot of seedlings that produced two winter apples also famous for quality, Northern Spy and Melon. The culture of Early Joe is chiefly confined to the state of its nativity but it can and ought to be grown wherever its bet- ter known congener, Northern Spy, suc- ceeds. Primate is another choicely good apple coming in at this sea- son of the year and so different from those thus far named as to hardly be a rival. It is a pale yellow apple, usually slightly blushed, with white, crisp, juicy flesh, a little too sprightly for some, but generally conceded to rank from good to best in quality. The trees are vigorous and bear reliably and abundantly ripening their fruit over a period of several weeks, but seem, unfortunately, to be inviting prey to canker fungi and are often short-lived from this disease. Primate is cosmopolitan as to soils and climate, and is very generally grown in the apple regions of America often making a profitable variety for commercial plantations especially for neighborhood trade. Red Astrachan is the standard red sum- mer apple for home use and market in the United States and Canada, a place it holds not because of high quality nor of great Red Astrachan, standard red summer Porter, high quality and a joy to the Jefferis, superb quality fruit but in apple for market and home collector other respects deficient June. 1 9 1 .5 THE GARDEN M A G A Z I N E 263 superiority in any one character but be- cause it is uniformly good, indeed, much above the average in all characters. It is attractive in color and shape when well grown and while others far surpass it in quality yet at the proper stage of ripeness it is acceptable as a dessert apple, and for culinary uses it is excellent being fit for cooking long before maturity and having therefore a lengthy period of usefulness. The trees come into bearing young and bear regularly and abundantly but are short- lived, rather small in size, and subject to most of the ills that apple trees are heir to. It is an easily grown general purpose variety among the summer apples. A little later than the varieties so far named comes Williams , dear to the heart of New England apple-growers for more than a century and a half, having originated at Roxbury, Mass., in 1750. It is too tender- fleshed for market and should be planted only for the pleasure of choicely good fruit, its attractive bright red color and rich agree- able flavor giving it high rank among sum- mer apples. The trees are but moderately vigorous, but are hardy, healthful and fruitful, bearing apples which, while usually above medium size, are sometimes small and uneven unless the crop be thinned. Sweet Bough is far the best of the summer sweets — has no compeer. It is preeminent by virtue of its tender, juicy flesh and hon- ied sweetness, qualities which it possesses as it comes green and glossy from the trees and which it holds in whatever way pre- pared for the table. The trees are quite all that could be desired being inferior to none in point of speciousness and falling short if at all, only in hardiness. The apples are too tender for distant shipment but it is an ideal fruit for home use and local trade, the large size, glossy green color and the uniformity of the fruits making it par- ticularly pleasing in the market. It is not at all fastidious as to soils and thrives, too, in a great diversity of climates. Summer Rose is an uncommonly beautiful little apple — golden yellow with the smooth- ness and gloss of wax. It is of the very best quality and suited well enough for home use but quite too small and too easily bruised for even nearby local markets. Besides being an excellent dessert apple it is also very good for culin- ary uses all the more accept- able for either purpose since itfollowsEarly Harvest and Yellow Trans- parent filling a gap between the extra early and early var- ieties. It is one of the oldest named American ap Williams, a favorite New England pies having variety, hardy and prolific been grown in New Jersey in pre-revolu- tionary times. In its particular season Chenango is the apple of apples to taste, smell, and sight. To know the peculiarly delectable flavor and fragrance of Chenango is to want Chenan- gos thenceforth. It has a savor that puts it quite apart from other apples — a kind of rich and rare essence that one associates with tropical fruits. It is, too, uniquely beautiful in color and shape. The ground color is light golden yellow overspread and conspicuously striped and splashed with crimson and carmine, from medium to large in size and in shape a slightly ribbed, ob- long, cone with a truncated apex. The trees are early and regular bearers, hardy, healthy, long-lived, and usually are annually fruitful. The apples begin to mature early Early Strawberry, an ideal August apple for the garden but too delicate to ship and producing a high percentage of small specimens in September in New York and continue to ripen for several weeks. Chenango is too delicate to market but no variety can give more pleasure to those who grow apples for apples. Stump is almost a facsimile of Chenango, surpassing it in no particular, and falling a little short of it in looks and taste. Summer apples merge into fall apples with the ripening of Jefferis, Dyer, Haw- ley and Porter, four worthies which bring the season’s succession to a close in a true and most fitting climax. Jefferis is much more easily character- ized by its faults than by its virtues — is well nigh destitute of merits, save one, it is of Primate, cosmopolitan as to soil and climate. Yellow color, sprightly flavor very best quality. To name its faults first, the apples ripen unevenly, are not, except at their very best, attractive in color, and lack uniformity in both size and shape. Despite its failings it is most worthy a place in the home orchard because of its tender, crisp, aromatic, juicy flesh and its rich delicious flavor — a commingling of all the essences which united gratify the sense of taste in apples. The trees are usually satisfactory but are in no way notable. It is rapidly passing from cultivation and unless there is at once renewed interest in its culture will soon be but a memory to the older generation of fruit-growers. Dyer is another orchard delicacy almost out of cultivation. In the plantations of a generation ago it was notable for its creamy-white, tender, half-transparent flesh, rich, sprightly flavor and delicate fra- grance— in taste and perfume almost the quintessence of apple savors. It is a some- what handsome apple, large in size, rotund in form, and greenish yellow with a faint blush which sometimes deepens into a red cheek. Unfortunately, this fine fruit does not keep after picking and therefore cannot be enjoyed long, nor in quantity for the trees are seldom fruitful, nor often, as they bear but biennially. Dyer is supposed to be the old Pomme Royal of the French. Hawley, like Dyer, is fit only for the con- noisseur but to him is indispensable. It is a large apple much like the well known Fall Pippin, in fact seemingly made in the same mould and in color is the same pleasing commingling of green and gold. Few apples at any season surpass it in tenderness, juiciness, crispness and fineness of flesh or in richness and delicacy of flavor. To ob- tain it in full savor the apples must be picked from the tree at just the right stage of maturity as they quickly rot at the core. A generation ago Porter took rank in New England as the best of early fall apples for home or market, suitable alike for des- sert and culinary uses. Judged by quality alone it still holds its place at the head of the list but it is too tender to ship well, the season of ripening is long and variable, the crop drops badly, the apples though usually large vary greatly in size, and the color, a golden yellow is not now in fash- ion. Porter has come then, in the com- petition with newer sorts, to be an apple for the collector. I n conclu- sion, let all who have a culti- vated and dis- c r i m i n a ting taste encour- age the cul- ture of these choicely good summer ap- ples which nurserymen and fruit- growers have by common Chenango, delectably flavored and highly Consent dis- fragrant; apart from all other apples Carded. ODDS AND ENDS FROM EVERYWHERE Making Garden Soil SEVERAL years ago, upon taking possession of a new property, I was confronted with a problem which every gardener must, to some extent and in some form, eventually meet. It was the problem of making good garden soil. The builders of the house I took, in excavating for the cellar, had hauled a mass of small rock and tough red clay on the garden; consequently, its whole surface was covered with a soil which could be worked with neither pleasure nor profit. During the first year I attempted to leaven the lot with lime, manure and some sand. But I soon found this process slow, difficult, tedious, expensive, and doubtful of ulti- mate results. What I then decided to do was to overlay the clay with a strata of real garden soil, which was not to be less than a foot or more in thickness; then, with the clay as a subsoil, I should have a real garden. But how was I to obtain the soil? A rich man would probably have had it hauled in; but an average gardener like myself could not afford that. Soil is very heavy to have hauled, and often the right kind is hard to obtain. My garden was separated into beds by stout oak boards; and my first step in renewing the earth of the garden was to raise the boards of one of these beds a foot or more, filling in the paths with coal ashes. Then I began the process of filling in the bed with good soil, which I made. All the old garden paths were carefully scraped, which gave me a good heap of composite ma- terial; then to this was added manure, then sifted coal ashes; then a little lime and wood ashes; sand that had been washed into a nearby gully; half- rotted sod that a neighbor, who was renewing his lawn, gave me. Going one day to the woods on a picnic, I brought back a spring-wagon load of leaf- mold; at another time a load of rich meadow sod was secured. Gradually the depth of soil on the bed increased. It was a little uneven; but all the ingredients were such that I knew would soon rot or dissolve or, united with the whole, would go to form a rich, friable loam. The depth of soil on this bed was increased from sources which had never before been considered. It is remarkable how much good soil can be ob- tained from out-of-the-way corners of almost any premises; from the edges of a hedge, from the mold of drifted leaves, from the ashes of burnt trash piles, and from the rotted silt deposited beside a fence. In a surprisingly short time, this new bed was finished, and another one had been begun. In due time, the surface of the whole garden was covered in this manner; and the results obtained from this soil have amply repaid the labor. The dimensious of the garden are 180x80 ft. Pennsylvania. Archibald Rutledge. Fertilizing the Garden THREE controlable factors — fertile soil, good seed, timely cultivation — determine very largely the success of a garden, and must each be taken into account if the best crops are to be grown. Soil, logically, should be considered first because without it nothing would grow. Every one has noticed that some soils produce larger, more succulent, or better flavored vegetables than others. This is due more to differing amounts of organic and mineral food in the soil than to differences in soil texture, though to be sure, texture has much to do with retention and distri- bution of minerals already existing. Beyond any doubt a soil that is deficient in the various sub- stances that plants require will produce stunted and poorly flavored produce. Determining what plants need and putting these things into the soil in the form of fertilizers is the secret of raising delicious vege- tables; for not only do they grow larger but they make their growth in much less time, a condition that induces crispness, flavor, and succulency. Humus, which is thoroughly decomposed organic matter, is the first great requisite of a garden soil. It is not needed so much because of directly furnish- ing food to plant roots, but because it serves as an absorbent for dissolved foods already in the soil. Water, as it filters down through the soil, dissolves the various soluble organic and mineral foods and lodges them in the interstices and pores of the humus, thus storing them up against the day of plant need. Were humus not present these same substances would sink down deeper and soon be below the reach of the relatively short roots of garden plants. In ad- dition to this humus leavens the soil and permits a much freer circulation of air, something that is vital to all quick-growing garden plants. It also arrests water rising through the soil by capillary attraction and conserves it for subsequent plant use. But there is still another very important function of hu- mus especially that which is not too completely de- composed. In the process of further decomposition various organic acids are formed which react with insoluble minerals in the soil, slowly changing them to the soluble forms available for plant use. Barnyard manure applied to the soil not only furnishes the required humus but provides much plant food as well. To be of the most use, however, it must be thoroughly rotted before applying; fresh manure is too lumpy and strong, and vegetables grown from it will lack flavor and succulency. Besides the soil is apt to heat too much and dry out when rains cease. Neither is long exposed and rain- drenched manure the best. While it may look black and rich the chances are the rains have leached out the ammonia and other important salts. That which has been stored under dry sheds and has later been rotted according to directions is the best. Composting or rotting should be finished some time before the garden is to be plowed or spaded. To do this the manure should be thoroughly moistened and piled into a rounded, compact mass. In a few days it will begin to heat and must be turned to keep it from firing or turning white. At such times it should be re- wetted. Two weeks’ treatment of this kind will generally reduce the mass to a well rotted condition. It should now be scattered uniformly over the garden and plowed or spaded under imme- diately to keep the ammonia vapors from escaping. There is ordinarily no danger of applying too much, for experienced gardeners frequently apply 100 tons to an acre. Unless the soil is much impoverished, five large loads for a garden 40 by 100 feet is ordinar- ily about the right amount. Some gardeners apply the compost to the top of the soil and get good re- sults; it is generally believed, however, that it is best to plow the manure under for then it is placed where plant roots can more easily obtain the food con- tained in it. Along with manure there should be applied some form of lime to neutralize the excess of organic acids formed from the decomposition of the humus. Crushed limestone is the best, though slacked lime may be used to advantage when limestone is not available. Too much of the latter is apt to burn the soil, however, and must be applied sparingly. Limestone does not do any harm unless applied in ridiculous quantity. A ton of either to an acre is an abundance. For a garden of the size previously mentioned a barrel of slacked lime is just about right. Either form should be scattered over the surface uniformly in order that it may mix with all parts of the soil. It does not matter much whether applied before or after plowing for subsequent cultivation will work it into the soil anyway. Not only does the lime sweeten the soil but it contributes necessary mineral matter to such vegetables as cauliflower, celery, lettuce, turnips, and cabbage. Out of the sixteen chemical elements that enter into the composition of plant tissues twelve are supplied wholly from the soil, the remaining ones coming directly or indirectly from the air. Fortu- nately these twelve constitute a very small part of the plant, not over 3 or 4 per cent, in most cases. £04 Notwithstanding this small amount they are very important, for the plant must have its supply of them or growth ceases. Most of these elements are contained in the soil in such abundance that there need be little concern as to their holding out. Two, however — potassium and phosphorus — do not exist in large amount; and if to these two nitrogen, a semi- earth element, is added, we have the three elements that plants imperatively demand, and an absence of which always causes plants to languish. Strong, unbleached manure usually furnishes an abundance of these elements; however, it is often advisable to supply additional quantities in the form of com- mercial fertilizers. In such form they become quickly available to the plants, and for that reason lend them- selves to fertilization when manure is not readily obtainable or is of poor quality. Such fertilizer is very convenient for the individual with a small back garden who does not wish to be bothered with manure. Many very successful gardeners practice mixing commercial fertilizer with manure, claiming that they obtain thereby much better results. The following plant-food mixture has been found to give splendid results with thegeneralgarden. The amounts have been figured for a garden 40 by 100 feet in size, unmixed with manure. If manure is used one-half as much will be enough. For gardens larger or smaller than the above take a proportionate amount: Sodium nitrate, 25 pounds; ammonium sulphate, 10 pounds; tankage, 35 pounds; rock phosphate, go pounds; potassium chloride, 20 pounds. The commercial (impure) forms should be pur- chased. The above amount ought not to cost more than $5.00. including freight from the supply house. The best results are obtained by scattering the fertilizer uniformly over the surface of the plowed or spaded ground and working it into the soil with harrow or rake. Subsequent rains will dissolve the real food parts and carry them down where the roots are. Iowa. E. V. Laughlin. Delphinium “Black Disease” AS AN amateur gardener, my delphiniums /i. have for years been my pride. Beginning with the old standard sorts, my success was so gratifying that I commenced growing the newer, finer, named varieties. My first bed of the stand- ard kinds had in it ninety small plants to start with. As it was my first experience I did not notice the foliage the first year they bloomed. The seed- lings, having been set out in August of the season before and bloomed a small stalk to each plant, grew finely, wintered over very well, and really made a very creditable show the second summer. The third summer, the “black” disease began to show quite early in the spring and, knowing nothing better to do than destroy the diseased plants — much as I hated to do it — I burned them as fast as the disease appeared. By fall the bed was completely ruined. The second crop of flowers had not shown a single spike of unaffected bloom. The bed where the plants were had several years before been heavily manured, and thinking this the cause of the trouble, I con- signed every plant in the bed to the fire. This “black” disease in delphiniums has been a great drawback to their cultivation by amateurs. A good bed or border of sturdy, thrifty plants may go on for several years without showing a sign of the blight, until suddenly, some smiling June morning, what were to be beautiful tall flower spikes appear twisted into short stubby heads. The first appearance of the trouble is not shown in the flower stalks, but in the foliage of the plant. A few leaves will appear, on an otherwise perfect plant, in a twisted distorted form, much as if when small they had been pinched in and failed to straighten out again. June, 1915 T HE GARDEN MAGAZINE 2G5 Following the crumpled twisted leaves, the flower stalks show the disease. Short, club-shaped flower heads, with the florets thickly clustered at the top, and blasted in the calyx, later blackening as they bloom, show the progress of the disease. The blackening does not always appear, though it is common enough to have given the name “black disease” to the trouble. Drought, over feeding, fungus, insects, root maggots, are all given as causes, but no one really has yet found whether the disease comes from one or all. Too much manure in the soil is possibly considered by most growers as the cause. What- ever brings the disease, of course, is the first con- sideration, but as long as no one yet knows, what will cure it is of equal importance. Selecting a new place in the garden which was practically virgin soil, having been covered with sod for forty years, I had a new border dug. The soil was good average garden soil; no manure was added, only a little ground bone meal. In Sep- tember the little plants were set out in the new bed. The following summer not a trace of the disease showed, and I boasted that by my drastic methods I had rid the garden of the trouble. The second spring, when the plants were in their prime, here and there among the choicest varieties were dwarfed and blasted flower stalks, twisted foliage and unmistakable signs of the old trouble. Hellebore and everything else that was suggested proved useless. I wrote to the best authorities in our own country and in England, and received various suggestions but no real help, as all frankly said they knew of no real cure for the trouble. But the idea of giving up delphiniums entirely, or even sacrificing my new bed, was more than I could bear. Accidentally, I came across a short article in a florist’s trade paper, written by a man in Nevada, entitled “Root Maggots,” in which he suggested a simple remedy which he had used with success on annual larkspur, dianthus and asters. Thinking that if the remedy was good for annual larkspur, it might be good for perennial, I ventured to try it. The remedy was as follows: Four pounds of lump lime, and one pound of powdered tobacco dust, to which was added a gallon of boiling water to slack the lime. Let the mixture boil as long as it will and add more water if necessary to completely slack. When the mixture has ceased to boil, add water enough to make five gallons. In applying, use one quart of the solu- tion to eleven quarts of water, pouring about a cupful around the roots of each plant, repeating every ten days if necessary. The author had experimented with the solution until he had secured what seemed to him just the right proportions. I lost no time in getting the lime, which cost me four cents, and a pound of tobacco dust for ten cents. The solution when made almost filled a wash tub. I very carefully cultivated around each delphinium and applied a cupful of the solution. The angle worms and every other creeper and crawler came to the surface, wiggling and writhing at the first application. In ten days I repeated the dose as directed, though not in the least san- guine of results, and kept on dosing every ten days. It seemed to check the trouble and I took courage, grew bold, and increased the cupful to a pint, for each of the large sized plants. In a few weeks no trace of the disease showed. After the first blooms were cut back and the second bloom came on, not a twisted leaf showed in the entire border. The following spring, the plants looked splendid. I made a new tubful of the solution for fourteen cents and began to apply it as soon as the plants were well out of the ground. The border, which contained one hundred plants of named varieties was, when it bloomed, a sight to rejoice the heart of any gardener. The spikes of bloom were tall and stately, the best of them between six and seven feet high, and many to each plant. Not a blighted bloom nor a twisted leaf appeared. When the show was over and I cut down the stalks to force the second bloom, I grew a little lax in applying the remedy. Along in August I noticed slight indications of the trouble returning, and began again. One making of the solution lasted throughout the season, liberal as I was in its use. Ohio. B. McG. Effective Planting on Poor Soil WHAT to plant in really poor, dry soil is always a problem to gardeners, and in every garden there is always such a corner. I had poplar tree roots right back of my border, which not only took the moisture but all the nourishment from the soil. I tried shrubs, but they failed me; and, as it was so shady, I tried heavy fertilizing and phlox, but it, too, sickened. One spring in my seed bed I grew Dianthus plumarius, commonly called clove pinks, and after twice transplanting they would make, I thought, an effective border plant with their lovely gray foliage. So I put them along the edge and decided for May they must have blue forget-me-nots against that foliage, so Myosotis Distinction was my choice. This became a mass of pale blue behind the gray, and lasted until the pinks were covered with bloom. I pulled out all the pinks of a magenta hue and kept only the pale colors and whites and pheasant- eyed. I scattered cornflower seeds during May, and when the pinks finished blooming a cornflower here and there gave character with its intense blue and graceful foliage. Such planting is practically perennial and, although there is nothing very choice in the kind of plants selected, the effect is so lovely that it is well worth trying. Utica, N. Y. Mary L. Gibson. Clove pink, forget-me-not, cornflower and vines very pleasantly transformed a poor soil site into a garden of flowers [Synopsis of preceding chapters: Roseberry Gardens is the name of a nursery of the old type, with azaleas, magnolias, etc., in profusion. The owner, Mr, Worthington, is a stately, scholarly gentleman of the old school, yet an advanced thinker, a plant lover always anxious to succeed with new introductions. Rudolph Trommel, the foreman, a Swiss, grows plants rather because he loves them than from any business instinct, and indeed takes exception to Michael’s having sold a certain plant because it was such a fine specimen. He also is a shrewd judge of human nature. Among the customers is Maurice J. Herford, a dilletante admirer of plants, an artist. Roberta Davenant is secretary to Mr. Worthington and the protege of old Rudolph Trommel, through whose intro- duction she procured the position and who is constantly instructing her in garden craft and plant* knowledge. From time to time Michael so arranges things that Roberta has to act as guide and saleswoman to Maurice Herford. Roberta is self reliant, unconventional and somewhat jolts the old time residents of the place. Paul Fielding, a landscape student and relative of Major Pomerane. a resident, is another visitor to the Nursery. He would go horseback riding with Roberta in the early mornings, to the secret delight of the Major, who twits his cousin with remarks concerning Roberta’s interest in the plants of the Nursery and of Maurice’s interest in those same plants! One August day Michael suggests teaching Roberta how to bud and incidentally talks about the popular use of a few of the commonest hedge plants to the neglect of others better but less used. Settling down to the work of budding, Michael becomes reminiscent and tells of how a year ago Mr. Herford came, suggesting he go with him to Europe. The lesson in budding progresses. Paul Fielding, discouraged by Roberta’s indifference, receives advice from his cousin. Major Pomerane. Paul visits Roseberry Gardens the following morning and to his delight is asked by Roberta to help her in making an inventory of the plants in the nursery.] I DON’T see them quite like that, but I love to think places for them. I’d like to see those flowering apples over in the next section — the ones Michael and I budded — used on a terrace, clipped into the form of standard roses — I think it would be good. Those others I would have planted beside a stone wall with the poet’s narcissus for company. “This is a nursery, you know, a sure-enough nur- sery, and these little plants that you find new and uninteresting are just babies that haven’t yet gone out to make their way in the world. But these are very important years, I assure you; here they get their character, their impress. Sometimes I feel as if it were a little like an orphan asylum and we could only hope for the best in the treatment the little things will have when they leave. It’s ap- palling the rough way some worthy people will stick plants in the ground or else leave them about unplanted. Michael had to go last week to see what was wrong with a tree that the man who bought it said he couldn’t make grow, and what do you think Michael found?” She laughed. “ Can’t guess,” said Fielding. “He found the man sitting beside the tree, in his back-yard, the soil scooped away from half the roots so that he could watch it better. I believe he spent hours every day in that manner.” Paul Fielding laughed. When one is five and twenty and the world going pleasantly, one laughs easily. “Were you ever South?” he asked abruptly. “No,” she answered, “never. But my father used to tell me about it. He thought it wonderful, but he never took me there. And I know about your big camellias at Paradise Park that Mr. Worth- ington says would fill the office, each one.” “There are only four as large as that,” said Field- ing, “and those stand one at each comer where the rose garden used to be. Those were brought from Japan in 1750, but there are oceans of little ones; they grow up thick in the grass just under the big camellias. There’s an avenue of live-oaks as old or older than the camellias, great old giants whose tops meet overhead; the avenue must be a hundred feet wide, and I know it’s a quartet of a mile long. That’s one approach. The other is from the river. It winds in and out between the marshes, like that little creek winds below, only it’s much larger — it’s a river. And the oaks, not slim little things like you have in your woods but big enough to make a dozen lindens such as this one we’re under. You could build a country house in the branches; they come down to the edge of the marshes and fringe the river. There’s a spidery-looking wharf that comes out into the water — a sort of centipede affair with the piles for legs. That’s where we land when we come up by boat. The house isn’t far from the river, and you catch the scent of the honeysuckles almost as soon as you land. There are big live oaks about the house and at night they cast queer strange shadows. We have wonderful moonlight down there. The old house is quiet and brooding; it has been through a good deal and feels like it wasn’t sure that happiness had come to it yet. I know what would bring it! It’s a wonderful thing to bring happiness to a place. Cousin Jim says that’s what your mother did for the Davenant house; he says it’s never been the same place since.” Roberta was silent a moment. Then she said, “Tell me more about your Paradise Park.” “There’s little to tell,” said Fielding. “It’s run down, going to pieces, but I love every inch of the blessed old place. It’s like seeing some one you care for in misfortune. I want, more than I want anything else, except one thing, to see prosperity come back to it. Along the marshes, up and down beside the river, are what used to be rice-fields. Rice has been grown successfully there; there’s no reasons why it couldn’t be again. I wanted to try it, but my father was so anxious that I shouldn’t settle down there at Paradise Park without seeing something else that I came North to have a try at landscape gardening. But I reckon there isn’t any- thing better if you looked from the Gulf to Canada. There’s an old race track where my great-grand- father used to train his horse — we have some right good horses there yet. You ought to see a colt I have! I believe there’s phosphate in the land — there’s some at Ashley place just above — but we’d have to sell some land for that and lose some of the big live oaks. I'd rather rebuild the broken dyke and grow — go to rice-growing. I want, more than I want anything, as I told you, to see prosperity come back and happiness to the old place.” “Then,” said Roberta, “why not do it yourself* and bring it back? It would be interesting. You might dig up those oceans of little camellias and pot them and sell them to Unde Rudolph for stocks. What are they? The single red — Japonicas?” “Yes, that’s what they are?” “ It would be very simple to do, and wouldn’t hurt the plants in the least! They ought to be pleased — those big camellias — to have their great-grand- children travel.” “ I suppose I might do that,” said Fielding slowly. “ I never thought of it.” “Surely you could. And you could cut azalea branches and send great hampers of them to town for sale. If you cut where you would wish to prune, the plants wouldn’t be hurt. And you could raise thousands of box-cuttings — while you’re mending the dykes and waiting for the rice plantations.” “How did you think of that?” said Paul Fielding. “Commercial mind,” answered Roberta. “I reckon I must be catching one from Michael. Any- way, it’s better than cutting down your live oaks.” Chapter XVII In September. Mr. Horace Worthington returned. The old gentleman had been summering in the mountains, watching the coming and going of the summer folk, interested in a detached way as if the life were a play and his shady piazza-comer a box at the theatre. For the rest, the folk with whom he really kept company were Doctor Johnson and Bos- well and Plato and Sir Thomas Browne, and he looked at the trees with the eye of a connoisseur and dreamed about his new hedge-plant and a method of growing magnolias which should make transplant- ing as safe, as if the little trees were in pots. On his first morning at the gardens, just as a de- voted mother after a brief absence must first see her babies, so Mr. Horace Worthington went first to the “little houses” where were the baby seedlings in benches — azaleas only two or three inches tall, baby evergreens, Taxus, and Abies, and Picea, all carefully ranged like tiny soldiers, though it might be eighteen or twenty years before they were doing their work. Whoever grows trees lives in the future, builds for the future, and must put aside haste and impatience as foolishness. Which is why so many statesmen have been notable tree planters; they are able to look ahead and to build for posterity. “That little thing!” said the impatient, hurrying folk, “it will be years before it will look like any- thing! I must have something that will show now — something for immediate effect.” So he plants his annuals; and the trees that would make his little place a home remain unplanted, and in winter his garden is bare and in early spring there is no bud- ding and blooming to hearten him with the first breath of new-coming life. So now the old gentleman bent tenderly over the tiny trees whose growth he could not possibly hope to see, the diminutive Taxus seedlings carried his mind to the forbears, the great hedges of England, two or three centuries old. “Such a pity,” he mur- mured, “that our climate is so difficult for them.” Then his face lighted and he went to the next house to see his idol, the hedge plant of the future, the new Ilex crenata, the Japanese holly. Rudolph Trommel was in the ilex house and the two old men, one the scholar and poet, the other scientist and workman bent together over the branches filled with the tiny leaved bronze green cuttings with the devotion of parents bending over the crib of a new baby. “One hundred thousand, we haf,” said Rudolph Trommel, patting his broad chest. “It is the hedge plant of the future,” said Horace Worthington, glowingly. “It will be in America what the British yew is in England, but even more! The leaves are finer, neater. It has uniformity with- out monotony. Denseness with lights and shadows. It will give protection such as no other plant affords. Think what that hedge would be in a rose garden! A background of precisely the right shade and den- sity. A hemlock hedge is sombre; this would give a wall of green without the sombreness. It will mean the revival of topiary work! People may even become genuinely, intelligently interested in gardens, in horticulture! Can you not see it, Trommel?” ( To be continued) \\ 2GG GARDENING FOR YOUNG FOLKS CONDUCTED BY ELLEN EDDY SHAW Some Common Weeds BEFORE the garden ;s planted, weeds appear. They are a sure enemy always to be reckoned with. Certain weeds develop a long, fat, tap root. This is a very persistent form, for as one tries to pull up such a weed, the root usually snaps off at its tip and so there is left in the soil a growing portion. Burdock is an example of such a weed. Make a study of a few of the most common weeds. First divide them off into their natural classes of annual, biennial, and perennial forms. An annual weed, like an annual garden plant, is one which is started from seed in the spring, blossoms, and pro- duces seed and dies in the one season. Ragweed, smart weed, lamb’s quarter and pepper grass might be selected as examples of this class. Biennial weeds in their first year will produce leaf growth; in the second season the flower and seed is developed. Take the mullein, burdock, carrot, pig- weed and field thistle for biennial types. The perennial weeds have a longer life than two years. Year after year the flower stalk is sent up. Morning glory and milkweed are of this type. Since many of the biennial weeds develop a long underground root, difficult to root up, it is necessary to try other means of eradication. If the flower heads of these plants are not permitted to go to seed, then the self planting of these weeds is checked. Weeds have many interesting and curious devices by which seed dispersal is made easy. The dock, for example, has a clever float so it is borne on the water. The sepals of the flower bear an enlarged hollow tubercle, these bodies together with the calyx make floating on water possible. Ragweed grows from three to twelve feet in height. Its leaf is like its name — ragged. The blossoms are rather inconspicuous and the seeds numerous. It is a very troublesome weed. The burdock grows in old garden spots, over fields and waste places. It is coarse in growth and leaf development. If a child tries to pull up even a small plant he is surprised to find that without doubt the tip of the root is left in the ground. The burdock flower head is covered with bristles so bent that these adhere to clothing or the coats of Common burdock, biennial. Observe hooked ends of bristles which adhere to animals animals. The little hooks are beautifully barbed like fish hooks. After the flowers die, large white seeds are found which later, of course, mature and ripen. How many seeds are in one head? Esti- mate the number of these flower heads on a plant. Here are problems for the school. A group of children may take up one weed for study: another group, another weed and so on. The result of the children’s study should be given in the form of oral reports to the class. Blue prints may be made of leaves, seeds, etc. Order for your school the bulle- tins on weeds which the Department of Agriculture has, and study them. Lamb’s quarter is one of the earliest of weeds to start up in the spring. Its leaves poke up out of the ground looking as if they had been frosted over. It is an annual and grows often to four feet in height. The flowers are inconspicuous, formed in clusters and the seeds are small and black. It is very com- mon everywhere, has a shallow root growth, and seeds itself profusely. Peppergrass is known to many children because it may be fed to their pet birds. The little seeds, borne in roundish or flattened pods, one or two in each, are peppery to the taste. This is an annual plant; its seeds are dispersed to a great measure by birds. Mullein, or velvet dock, as this large plant is sometimes called, is a landmark in the real country. It grows sometimes six feet in height. The leaves are large and hairy; the flowers, yellow, in spikes. Milkweed is perennial. It grows from two to about five feet high. The seed pod is the interesting part of this plant. The pod splits longitudinally and thus the seeds are exposed. The seeds are brown and flattened, tightly packed away in the pod with silky appendages on each seed which help float the seeds away in the air, thus determining the mode of dissemination. Common plantain is well worth adding to the weed list because of a little device in its seed capsule which is different from the arrangement in many of the other forms. Plantain is a perennial or biennial. Its seeds are borne along a spike in capsules. Each capsule opens transversely; in fact, the top comes off like the top of a pepper pot and in the remaining portion lie the seeds. The wind blows, the capsule is shaken, and out comes the seed. European bindweed or morning glory is a per- sistent perennial. It has a creeping stem. It prop- pagates by underground root stocks. It runs all over waste places, it twines about other plants, choking the life out of them. It used to be a gar- den plant but now is a pest. Its seeds, getting The dandelion, a persistent perennial, the seeds of which are wind sown 2C7 among those of commercial crops, have become wide- spread. You must be sure to root out the bindweed. This is rather difficult to do as the root easily snaps off before it is entirely pulled up out of the ground. So the chief things to study about in weeds are these: type of weed, method of dispersal and means of eradication. Establishing Home Gardens UNDER the auspices of the Good Will Club of the town and with the cooperation of the Superintendent of Schools and the grade teachers, a start was made toward interesting the children in establishing home gardens. The start was made too late to secure the interest of the Town Fathers and the School Committee so that no land near the schools could be utilized. The problem was different at the start from the city problem where no land existed for the child save in the public parks or squares. A New England country village has land to every house, or so it was thought. A talk was given, however, at the school to the teachers by an interested teacher from the State Normal School and they were asked to explain the venture to their grades and to ask that names of those desiring seeds be handed in. Sixty children thus began the summer with their small home gar- dens. A first prize of three dollars, and a second of one dollar and a half, were offered for the best general improvement in the surroundings of the home and in the work of the garden. To tie the work rather more closely to the schools, since the actual work could not be under school supervision, further prizes were offered for essays on the topic “What I did in my garden thissummer.” The children of grades five to eight could compete in this way and a first prize of one dollar and a second of fifty cents were offered in each grade. The essays must be an actual record of the summer work The members of the Club feel that lor the fifty dollars expended the returns were very satisfactory. A teacher was found who was willing to supervise the work and visit the gardens during the ten weeks of the summer for thirty-five dollars and the bal- ance of the appropriation was used for prizes. Williamstown. Mass. E L. Clarke. Canadian thistle, perennial weed. Note small flower head. Seeds are wind scattered -COMING EVENTS UB ^SOCIETY MEETINGS AND EXHIBITIONS IN JUNE 2. Short Hills Garden Club, Short Hills, N. J. meeting. 3. Garden Club of Lawrence, L. I.: peony and iris exhibit; lecture, “Dahlias,” by Mr. R. Vincent. Warrenton Garden Club, Warrenton, Va.: meeting. 4. Pasadena, Calif., Horticultural Society, meeting. American Sweet Pea Society, San Francisco, Calif.: show in connection with the Panama Exposition. 5. 6. Horticultural Society of New York, Bronx Park, N. Y.: rose and peony show. 7. New Bedford Horticultural Society, New Bedford, Mass.: meeting. 9. Short Hills Garden Club, Short Hills, N. J.: meeting. Nassau County Horticultural Society, Glen Cove, L. I.: meeting. 10. Connecticut Horticultural Society, New Haven, Conn.: spring flower show. Worcester County Horticultural Society, Worcester Mass.: exhibition cut flowers. Warrenton Garden Club, Warrenton, Va.: meeting. 11. Central New York Horticultural Society, New Hart- ford, N. Y.: peony show in Utica. 12. Dobbs Ferry Horticultural Society, Dobbs Ferry, N. Y.: meeting. Garden Clubs in the United States m — THE DEMOCRATIC GROUP: SOME SPECIAL ACTIVITIES THE democratic group of garden clubs, into which the social element enters but second- arily, is the smallest group of all. Even in this group, we occasionally find the number of members limited, but usually they are open to all. As a rule, the dues are decidedly less than in other clubs; one club requires no dues at all. As regards qualifica- tions for membership, one organization “demands actual planting — dirty hands, if not the shirt sleeve — on an equal suffrage basis.” This club will not let in “society people who have never raised a flower but would like to be “in it” because garden clubs are getting to be “the thing”. A friend says that we are aristocratic, and ought to let in any one who wants to come but in spite of him, we are democratic, in a Walt Whitman sense. We want those who love flowers, and who, even under unfavorable circum- stances, have tried to satisfy that love — and the number of such people is, un- fortunately, not great.” One may, per- haps see an aristocracy of intellect in the limited membership of such a club but surely not a social aristocracy! Another club admits any one more than fifteen years old, who raises flowers (or, presumably, vegetables) on a piece of ground not smaller than three by five feet. Still others absolutely dispense with qualifications, admitting prac- tically any one who wishes to join. The activities in this division are very much the same as in the semi- social group, previously discussed, ex- cept for the fact that, as a rule, there is more individual work done for club inspection, and less money spent. Members write and read individual papers, bring individual collections, etc., rather more than in the other groups, perhaps, but it is in their ideals, more than in their activities, that these democratic organizations differ from the rest. Many of the semi-social clubs so closely approxi- mate the democratic standard, that it is difficult to draw the line, but in the main, the truly democratic ones may be summed up as those having member- ship unlimited, or limited only to actual workers; a generous readiness to correspond and cooperate with other organizations, without any restriction of red tape; a civic pride, and public spirit of working with, and not down to the community, including not only the streets, parks, and surrounding country, but the working people and the children; and above all a readiness and gladness to receive — to learn, to assimilate, and to progress. The social aspect of all these groups has here been treated seriously, because we believe the garden Shedowa Garden Club, Garden City, L. I.: third annual flower and vegetable show. 14. Rochester Florists’ Association, Rochester, N. Y.: meeting. New York Florists’ Club, N. Y. City: meeting. Garden Club of New Rochelle, N. Y.: meeting. 16. Tarrytown Horticultural Society, Tarrytown, N. Y.: meeting. Short Hills Garden Club, Short Hills, N. J.: meeting. 17. Worcester County Horticultural Society, Worcester, Mass.: exhibition cut flowers. Garden Club of Lawrence. L. I.: exhibition cut flowers; lecture, “Roses,” by George T. Powell. 18. Pasadena Horticultural Society, Pasadena, Calif.: meeting. 22 24. American Seed Trade Association, San Francisco, Calif.: meeting. 23. Short Hills Garden Club, Short Hills, N. J.: meeting. New Canaan, Conn. Garden Club: rose show. 23-25. American Association of Nurserymen, Detroit, Mich.: annual convention. club to be a moral, as well as a physical power, for civic and national betterment, and we hope that more and more it will be so regarded. This larger view of the proper function of the gar- den club, is really only beginning to make itself felt, and many clubs report “we are just planning” work on children’s gardens, village improvement, and other community interests, but one club has for several years given cash prizes for little flower and vegetable gardens, planted at the children’s own homes, the children paying ten cents entry fee, and a member of the club giving a short talk on plant- ing, and color planning before distributing the seeds, which the club supplies. One club has made many gifts to cottage gardens; another has offered prizes for those best planted and kept. A number have done all in their power to attract and protect birds, built and distributed bird houses, given talks in the local schools, worked with the Audubon Societies, etc. Others have given talks on tree and wild flower preservation. Somewhat along the “conservation” line, too, is the effort being made by a Long Island club, to prevent the annual dangerous and destructive “ burning over” of Hempstead Plains, with its resultant damage to soil and property. A Western club has purchased a spraying machine, and engaged a forestry expert to superintend the planting, and care for the trees, of the several summer colonies represented in the club’s membership. This club also works “hand in glove” with local associations of professional gardeners. Another Western club has a member on the local commission for the care and beautification of highways. Several clubs, notably in New. England, give “civic planting” as one of their chief activities. Another New England club plans to have lectures on garden topics open to the public, for a small ad- mission fee. At least two clubs have striven vali- antly, with more or less — chiefly less — success, to 268 24. Worcester County Horticultural Society, Worcester, Mass.: rose exhibit. 25. Connecticut Horticultural Society, New Haven. Conn.: meeting. Central New York Horticultural Society, New Hart- ford. N. Y.: rose show. 26. Dobbs Ferry, N. Y.: Horticultural Society, meeting. 26, 27. Horticultural Society of New York, Bronx Park, N. Y: exhibition. 30. SJiort Hills Garden Club, Short Hills, N. J.: meeting. Dates to be Fixed, Depending on Weather Conditions: New Bedford Horticultural Society, New Bedford, Mass.: peony and rose show. Short Hills Garden Club. Short Hills, N. J.: rose show. Germantown Horticultural Society, Philadelphia, Pa.: rose show. , American Peony Society, Ithaca, N. Y. : peony exhibit, in connection with the Massachusetts Horticultural Society. Minnesota Garden Flower Society, State Agricultural School, St. Paul, Minn.: mid-summer meeting in conjunction with the State Horticultural Society. improve the standard of the flower shows at local County Fairs. It must not be overlooked nor forgotten that in every garden club, as well as in every other organi- zation, there are both workers and drones. Some of the finest individual work has been done by mem- bers of some of the least active clubs; some of the best working clubs have members who do nothing but wonder why the executive committee doesn’t do more; some of the least known clubs are most absorbed in practical experiment; and some of the most widely advertised ones do little but talk. In every club, from the richest and most fashionable up to the poorest in funds and most democratic, we find earnest, clever, capable and warm-hearted workers. In some of the least public spirited clubs, the experimental wofk has been very fine; in some of the organizations of wider and more generous outlook, the amount of individual practical work is comparatively small. One cannot generalize too freely in the treatment of “What constitutes the best kind of a garden club?” But in the main, can we not say that the finest type of organ- ization, is that which best exemplifies the friendly simplicity of open-minded- ness, and which best “preserves to our use the kindly fruits of the earth?” Mary Youngs. [The fourth article in this series, to follow in the July number, discusses “The Ideal Federation”] The International Garden Club THE International Garden Club held its annual meeting and recep- tion at Pelham Bay Park, New York City, on Saturday, May ist, on which occasion the Governor of New York planted a young oak tree on the site of the old Treaty Oak. The event was followed by a reception in the old Bartow Mansion in which the International Garden Club will make its headquarters by arrangement with the Park Department of the City of New York. It is pro- posed here to establish ' a garden library and the Club will also undertake the embellishment of the grounds surrounding the mansion. Work has already been started under the direction of Mr. Arthur Herrington, and a rose garden on a large scale is contemplated. Meeting of the American Peony Society THE American Peony Society will meet this year in Boston, in conjunction with the Massa- chusetts Horticultural Society. There will be a liberal list of prizes, those offered by the Peony Society being added to the schedule of the Horti- cultural Society. Boston is such a large centre for nurseries that an The Bartow Mansion, Pelham Bay Park, N. Y., where the International Garden Club has its headquarters, by arrangement with the Park Department of the City of New York June, 1915 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 2(i9 Power LawnMowi Mower Satisfaction Three years ago the Ideal Junior Power Lawn Mower proved to its inventor that here was the machine destined to further supplant the horse as an eco- nomic factor among modern labor saving devices. Countless letters from Ideal owners throughout the United States and Canada testify to the appreciative reception given this pioneer among low priced lawn mowers, as well as to the thorough satisfaction the Ideal itself has given on large lawns, parks, country estates and golf courses. Thus has the confidence of the inventor been justified. If you do not know the name of your nearest neighbor who owns an Ideal, write and we will give you full particulars. One demonstration will convince you of the economy and efficiency of this machine over any other method of caring for large lawns and golf courses. Brief specifications: Motor, 3 horsepower S A. E. rating; high tension National magneto; speed up to 4 miles per hour; climbs 40 per cent grades; 4 adjustable cutter blades; 25-inch cut; cuts 5 acres per day; costs 20 cents per 10 hour day to operate. The Ideal Combination x Mower and Roller, a larger machine with a 38- inch cut, is priced at $400. 4. _ w x r I W7& ;Y\ $9 ? tZ Let us tell you howto obtain X - an Ideal demonstration 1 \ IDEAL POWER LAWN MOWER COMPANY R. E. OLDS, Chairman 416 Kalamazoo Street, Lansing, Mich. The Breeder Tulips The Renaissance of is the outcome of my efforts to find new colors to make your garden “ the garden of person- ality.” The rich browns, bronzes, and purples, or the superb combinations of these shades in one flower, have rapidly made the Breeders the most desired of all Tulips. The Blue Book of Bulbs contains the most complete list of Breeder Tulips in the world. Some of them are so scarce that it will not be possible to furnish them unless you tell me before June 25th to reserve bulbs for you. Write me for a copy of my Blue Book. CHESTER JAY HUNT Dep’t A Montclair, New Jersey WE have a man in our office who has a very interesting job. He receives letters from all over the world — and replies to every one of them, not with a mere printed form; but with a personal letter carefully thought out. Some days he travels pretty much all over New York City looking for the right answer to a single letter. This man conducts our Readers’ Service Department. If you come across anything in any of our magazines, or anywhere else for that matter, about which you want more infor- mation just write him a letter. He’ll answer it — that’s his job. Address — Readers' Service Department, Doubleday. Page & Company Garden City New York Limp Leather Edition of Collected Verse of Rudyard Kipling IT is safe to say that the best verse Mr. Kipling has written is in this volume, because he has selected for this edi- tion the poetical works by which he wishes to be represented. Included are the favorites from “Ser- vice Songs,” the “ Barrack Room Bal- lads,” etc. The present edition is designed for a holiday gift book. It is bound artistically in limp brown leather, and boxed. Net $2.30 Doubleday, Page & Company Garden City New York The Readers' Service is prepared to advise parents in regard to schools 270 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE June, 1915 Dutch Bulbs from our fields in Holland Better tulip, hy- acinth, narcissus and crocus bulbs than you ever planted before. At the same prices — or lower — than you pay for inferior bulbs. Uppei Tulip, Rose Gris de Lin Lower Parrot Tulip Solid bulbs full of vitality — instead of the large flabby sorts which come from the lower-lying districts. Bulbs of the standard varieties — and novelties that have proved their worth in our Dutch nurseries, and on our American Testing Grounds. Bulbs true to name — because each order is packed and sealed immediately after selec- tion from the finest stock of the largest growers of high quality bulbs in Holland. Our 5th Annual Catalog of WAKRU Quality Bulbs "p°£S" points the way to better results from your Dutch Bulb beds and at less cost. Contains many suggestions for inexpensive beds and borders of tulips, hyacinths, etc. — suggests which varieties to use in such combina- tions. Proven by our own tests and the pleased com- ments of many garden lovers in America and abroad. Lists the finest proved varieties of Darwin, May Flowering and Parrot Tulips. A complete guide to success with Dutch Bulbs. This unique, helpful catalog is too expensive for promiscuous distribution. But it will be sent FREE to readers of Garden Magazine who mention this advertisement. Write for it today. Do not order your Dutch Bulbs before you get your copy of this book. The prices will interest you : Finest Mixed Tulips . Per 100 Per 1000 ( iooo rates apply down to 250) .85 7.25 Keizerskroon — red tulip, edged yellow 2.50 21.00 Darwin Tulips, mixed, stems 24 to 30 in. 1.50 12.75 Pride of Haarlem, dazzling — cerise — scarlet 2.75 22.00 Parrot or Dragon Tulips (see cut) 1.15 9.75 Double Daffodils a specialty 1.35 12.00 Extra selected Von Sion — triple and quadruple bulbs. Sassen- heim grown — admittedly the finest 4.75 42.00 Dutch Roman Hyacinths $1.75&up $15.25 & up The results from a trial order will convince you. Our large business has been built on furnishing “ better bulbs and at right prices." WAKRU SEED & BULB CO. 204 Walnut Place, Philadelphia John Van Aalst, Mgr. Sole Distributors of WAKRU Quality Bulbs Grown by GT. VAN WAVEREN & KRUIJFF Sassenheim. Holland Branches in England, Germany. Sweden, Russia and Argentine Republic direct to your garden unusually fine exhibition is expected. The date will not be fixed until later in the spring, but as peonies in the neighborhood of Boston are generally at their best about the ioth of June, the exhibition will probably be not far from that date. The Peony Society is making an effort to extend its membership. The list of active members now runs well over a hundred, and is constantly increas- ing; but it should be much larger, and the aim of the Society is to enroll on its books all who grow peonies on a considerable scale, both amateurs and professionals. Information regarding membership, and a circular giving some account of the aims and achievements of the Society may be had from the secretary, Mr. A. P. Saunders, Clinton, N. Y. The American Academy of Arborists THE American Academy of Arborists has been recently organized, having for its members professional arboriculturists who have been actively engaged in the practice of this profession for ten years. As the object of this Academy is stated to be the advancement of arboriculture and landscape forestry, and the maintenance of the highest pro- fessional standard among its members, we sincerely hope that it will not fail in its mission. The presi- dent is Mr. Hermann W. Merkel, Chief Forester of the New York Zoological Garden, Bronx Park, N. Y., and the secretary, Mr. J. J. Levison, who is connected with the Park Department in Brooklyn, N. Y. For the Practical Park Commission GARDEN enthusiasts would be well advised to take an active interest in the park control of their respective cities. In many of the larger cities it is customary to retain the services of a landscape architect who shall devote all of his time to the interest of the city parks. But in the smaller cities this is not always possible. But at the same time the influence of garden lovers would make itself felt in directing the selection of a commission by urging that such an officer should at least have an intelligent appreciation of horticultural matters if, indeed, it is not best to combine the two offices of landscape architect and park commissioner. It has been done, for instance, in St. Louis, Mo., where the horticultural society, Florists’ Club and similar organizations conduct a campaign of edu- cation toward assuring the desired result. It would seem to be pure common sense that a practical landscape architect should be in control of park matters. This may open up an interesting field for all kinds of horticultural societies and gar- den clubs. The Organization of the American Dahlia Society ANOTHER new society! on May ioth, in New York, a group of dahlia enthusiasts met and or- ganized as the American Dahlia Society. The pur- pose of this organization is to promote the knowl- edge of the dahlia, and to gain for this flower the recognition that it deserves from the Americanpeople. It is the intention of the organization to issue from time to time an information bulletin to members, and to hold at least one national show each year. Al- ready plans are under way for the holding of such a show in New York during September of this year. Local shows will be held throughout the country, supported by the local dahlia enthusiasts, and each will be held at that period of the year which is most favorable to the showing of dahlias in that locality. Richard Vincent, Jr., of White Marsh, Md., was elected President; Joseph J. Lane, The Garden Magazine, New York, Secretary; four Vice- Presidents were also elected: George A. Stillman, for the East; E. Stanley Brown for the North; L. K. Peacock for the South; and W. W. Willmore for the West. Members joining before September ist will come in as charter members. Further in- formation may be obtained by writing to the Secretary. Early Sweet Peas WE PLANTED in our garden, without any protection, several rows of sweet peas on the ist day of February. On the 7th of May we had several blooms and many buds. Our place is lo- cated at Saylor Park, Cincinnati. Can any one beat this record? Ohio. Harry C. Browne. RADIUM MAKES THINGS G R OW Hchv tix upplu RADIUM BRAND JferUUaer (RAF) in June! Plants are living things and need food while they are growing. June is a splendid jg time to apply that ideal plant food, Radium Brand Fertilizer (R. A. F.). Top dress your ^ lawn with it, dig it in around your flowers, vegetables, shrubbery, etc. Feed the plants '#• that they may have strength and vitality, and they will come through the summer nx strong and beautiful. One pound will fer- tilize 50 square feet, or a plot 10x5 feet. $$ RADIUM Fertilizer (Plant Food) JTfciJe&t'fyTtinyrt' '&irTV0'" \ contains Nitrogen, Phosphoric Acid, Potash and < Radium Iilement. Radium has an influence des- cribed by scientists as very similar in its effects i upon vegetation to the ultra-violet rays of the . sun, and as applied to growing things is the most ( important discovery of the century. How To Get Radium Brand ( Fertilizer (R.A.F.) Radium Brand Fertilizer (R. A. FJ meets a need among thousands of people who grow things in a small way, and want a concentrated plant < food in handy form. Your dealer probably ' has it; if not, we will send, prepaid, any of the ( following, East of the Mississippi River. Beyond add 5c lb. , 12 oz. can, $ .25 2 lb. can, $ .50 I 5 lb. can, $1.00 10 lb. can $1.75 ! 25 lb. can, $3.75 Please mention dealer’s name in writing. Permanent territorial representatives want- ed to handle and introduce Radium Brand Fertilizer (R.A.F. )• Write us for particulars. RADIUM FERTILIZER CO. 21 1 Vanadium Building PITTSBURGH, PA. ( Free Booklet— Many inter- 1 esting facts about the improve- i ment of Lawns, Plants. Gar- j dens — illustrated. Tells how Radium Makes Things Grow. Write for this booklet. Try 5 lbs. for $1 Send us SI and we will send you this 5 lb can of Radium Brand Fertilizer (R. A. F.) prepaid. This will fertilize 250 sq. ft., or a plot 16x16 feet. C. G. van Tuber^en, Jr. Haarlem, Holland Grower of Choice Bulbs E. J. KRUG, Sole Agent 114 Broad St., New York Formerly represented by C. C. Abel & Co. Bulbs imported direct from Holland for customers. No supply kept here. Catalogue quoting prices in Nurser- ies in Haarlem— free on application. Write to the Readers' Service for information about live stock June, 1915 THE GARDEN M A G A Z I N E 271 Make Your Garden Everlasting Look ahead and get this small, inexpensive greenhouse for use next Fall, Winter and Spring. It is ready made and is covered top and sides with Sunlight Double Glass Sash and the sash are removable for use on cold frames and hot beds when so wanted. These sash are double glazed so need no mats and shut ters — they are complete and everlasting. Get our catalog. It is free. If Prof. Massey’s booklet on hot-beds and cold frames, or the use of an inex- pensive greenhouse is wanted, send 4 cents in stamps. SUNLIGHT DOUBLE GLASS SASH CO. 927 E. Broadway Louisville, Ky. “Euonymus Vegetus” The rarest and most beautiful ever- green climbing vine that bears red berries in fall and winter. It is en- tirely hardy and it will be the most popular of all climbing plants ever introduced. I have the true stock at low prices. Send for my list. Adolf Muller DeKalb Nurseries Norristown, Pa. Old-fashioned Flowers Hardy Varieties, we grow thousands of these plants in pots and they can be planted out as late as July 15th, and most will bloom after planting. Special Offer, Good Until July 10th, 1915 To introduce my stock I will sell potgrown plants of Columbine; Canterbury Bells; Hardy Chrysan- themums all colors; Coreopsis; Larkspur; Fox- glove;Gaillardia; Hesperis; Lathyrus; Hollyhocks; Lychnis; Iris; Poppies; Phlox all colors; Valerian; Physostegia; Stokesia or Veronica, atfi.oo per dozen; $7.50 per 100 — this is the wholesale price and is made for the limited time only. Order now. Satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded. Address W. E. KING Box 386, Little Silver, New Jersey. “tJU ' y v* *"0 ’ - vr Said to be one of the finest — if not the finest — gar- dens on Long Island. The soil is sandy. Alphano has been used for years, resulting in a soil of won- derful fertility. Some Helpful Things Alphano Will Do Right Now For Your Garden and Lawn The Convincement Book'tells ofa'surpris- ing result secured by using Alphano on this terrace. Send for the Book. Growth will be slower. Blooms will be fewer. See to it, then, that your lawn is freely top dressed now with Alphano, the ideal plant food and soil builder. Dig it around your shrubs, flowers and vegetables. Don ’t neglect your trees. Dig it into the soil out where the branches ex- tend. It’s the end rootlets that absorb most nourishment — not those close to the trunk. Alphano is granu’ated in form. Odorless. VS .rn -Q. Costs so little and lasts so 1 l°n8’ y°u can afford to use it S? /2riS?"^l freely- Send for the Alphano Book. ■?rrrr Alphano is not a new thing. n bulk It was placed on the market iano, N. J. ten years ago. THE two of greatest importance are: the inducing of quick, strong growth; and the fortifying of your grass, flowers, shrubs and trees against dry weather. It seems so easy to lose sight of the fact that June is the month of months to secure greatest growth. It’s nature’s own time for doing it. The more you do for her then, the more she will do for you. It’s the time the roots exhaust the soil the most. If there is not an r. -t ample supply of enrichment in it to strengthen up the growth; / ■ JJA.C the months of July and August, 1. TaH will be trying ones for them. $,2 a ton in bag Asa result, they will winter kill carloa more, and next year lack stamina. f. o. B. A 1 7-C Battery Place, New York Order Now Your Improved Quality Bulbs Get Better Ones For Less Money /''AN all orders’placed before July ^ 15th, I will give my personal attention to seeing that you get the very choicest first size bulbs imported from Holland's finest growers. Fine heavy bulbs, full of glori- ous bloom promise, ready for de- livery and planting in September. Send for my latest Bulb Book and see what a wonderful assort- ment of these ground rainbows we offer you in Tulips, Narcissi, Peonies, Hyacinths and Iris. The prices will make you feel very contented. 172 Broadwayt Paterson, N. J. SPECIAL OFFER 100 Tulips $1 — 10 each of 10 varieties and colors or 1 00 of any one variety forfi Artus C'rnmoiMic Brilliant t'ottaige .Maid i'ouleur I *01100 a 11 Duoliesse de Forma La Koine Koine Grisdelln Thomas Moore White Swan Yellow Frince Note that we name the variety. It is not a hit or miss collection, but every one a popular one. Remember — all orders must be here by July 51th. Have You Gardening Questions? Experts will answer them free. If a plant fails, tell us about it and ask help from Readers’ Service. Get this book FREE Tells how any member of entire family can now grow mushrooms at home in spare time, in cellar, barns, sheds, etc. Costs little to start, big profits, ready market. Spawn now produced by scientific methods makes crops certain. We furnish book on growing, fully illustrated. Used in State Agricultural colleges. Secure free information. Address A.V. Jackson, Falmouth Mushroom Cellars Inc. 379 Gifford St., Falmouth, Mass. Only Scientific Mushroom Farm in U. S. Adorn Your Porches with a profusion of hardy climbing roses. Plant an assortment of varieties for different habits of growth, color, time of bloom, etc. Make each doorway, arbor, pergola, yes, every place where roses may climb, a delightful bower of the Queen of Flowers. Our experience at rose growing extends over half a century — our roses have beautified thousands of homes and gardens. Let us select for you a good assortment of varieties, all colors represented, labelled and carefully packed to arrive in the best condition. We send you by express, one dozen select varieties for $3.00, or one dozen of our ^ size roses, prize winners, for $5.00 — delivered anywhere East of the Mississippi River, charges paid. C. & J. Roses — Guaranteed to Grow and Bloom You will be especially delighted with our Red Dorothy Perkins and Climbing American Beauty. The former is winner of the Hubbard Medal for the best rose introduced in the past five years; the latter retains the same color and fragrance of the bush Amer- can Beauty and produces hundreds of perfect blooms at one time. The above two in two year size for 85c, or star size $1 .50 prepaid. The season is fast going; order now — we’ll select for you as we would for ourselves. Mention bosh or climbing. Quick ! THE CONARD & JONES COMPANY, Box 24, West Grove, Pa m THE GARDEN MAGAZINE June, 1915 Tropical Water Lilies The largest and finest collection in America. Many wonderful hybrids. These are all suitable for growing in fountains and pools as well as ponds. Furnished in strong growing pot-plants. Victoria Regia and its hybrids, in several sizes. I ton fail to get Dreer’s Special Pamphlet on Aquatic Plants and How to Grow Them. Gives practical, dependable informa- tion valuable to anyone with an Aquatic Garden — large or small. Sent free if you mention this publication. Nelumbiums. 12 kinds, in strong pot-plants (or dormant until June 15th). No aquatic is more worthy of culti- vation and best of all, they are easily grown and are hardy. We offer free to our patrons the services and advice of our experts in devising plans for ponds, and in selecting varieties. HENRY A. DREER, 714-716 Chestnut St., Philadelphia Solving the Problem of Home Improvement We will gladly help you to solve problems in the improvement of your property and without obli- gation to you. The more than half a century of experience of the Meehan organization in all garden work, assures you expert advice or service. Write to us for the information you need. THOMAS MEEHAN & SONS Landscape Gardeners & Engineers, Tree Experts MT. AIRY, 7106 Germantown Ave., PHILADELPHIA DAHLIAS My Special First Prize Collection, not less than 1 5 varieties via Express. $7 worth for $5. Geo. L. Stillman, Dahlia Specialist Westerly, R. 1. Box C=5 Turn in Your Tree Troubles. Write us fully. We may be able to make suggestions that would be of great value. Readers’ Service. Some Helpful Hints To Those Who Have Put Off Planting Nursery Stock Until Now Every Spring, people hav e a planting panic. They seem to think that if they don't do all their planting of flowers, shrubs anti trees by the middle of April, they must wait an entire year. Send for “Never Too Late To Plant” and see what you can still do in the way of planting. THIS IS RHODODENDRON TIME and we are selling the variety, Mrs. Charles S. Sargent — the best and purest bright, happy pink. The foliage is dense and handsome — as good a green shrub as boxwood, and stays a beautiful green all winter. There is a color plate of it in our new Rhododendron Book. SOMETHING UNUSUAL To those really interested, we will send .free, a generous box of real Rhododendron flowers in assorted colors. You can then select the actual colors you like, and order from them. HE flicks jre^j Ierich0 Isaac Hicks & Son Turnpike, Westburu . Lorvf Island SCHOOL OF HORTICULTURE FOR WOMEN U 8 Miles from ‘Philadelphia ) Fall Term of regular two-year course begins Sept. 14th. Practical and theoretical training in the growing of fruits, vegetables and flowers. Simple carpentry. Bees. Poultry. Preserving. School Gardening and the Principles of Landscape Gardening. Constant de- mand for trained women to fill salaried positions. Write for Catalogue. Jessie T. Morgan, Director “Ambler, I»u. ORCHIDS Largest importers and growers of Orchids in the United States Send twenty-five cents for catalogue. This amount will be refunded on your first order. LAGER & HURRELL Orchid Growers and Importers SUMMIT, N. J. _r ORDER DUTCH BULBS NOW Nurseries also at Sassenheim, Holland Until July 25th \ we take advance orders for the VERY CREAM of Darwin, Breeder and Rembrandt Tulips and best Narcissi Let us send our Special List of these and also our Autumn Catalogue Franken Brothers Deerfield, 111. Keep on Planting KEEP a dust mulch in the borders throughout the hot season, i. e., keep the soil constantly stirred in and around the plants. If they are closely planted it can be done with a forked trowel. Unless the rose beds have a ground cover of low growing annuals, such as sweet alyssum, mignonette, and portulaca, the soil should be kept constantly stirred to conserve the moisture, or a mulch of grass clip- pings or pine tags kept around the rose bushes to protect them from the intense rays of the sun. Successional sowings of annuals should be made every two weeks. In this manner one can have na- sturtiums, larkspur, cornflower, phlox, mignonette, and sweet alyssum late into the fall. It is too hot in July to sow them but one can begin again about the end of August. Spray the hollyhocks to prevent curly leaf and other diseases. Bordeaux is good for this. Leave no dead flowers on the rose bushes, and in spraying them add arsenate of lead to the bordeaux as a preventive against beetles or rose chafers. Plant with the asters a few pepper plants. Thus the asters are saved from the ravages of the black beetles as they prefer the pepper plants. The clematis vine should be dusted with slug shot early in the morning when the dew is on the vine and when the beetle first appears. Pinch off chrysanthemums to make a few large blooms and dust with tobacco dust for the aphis. Slug shot is also effectual. Cut away all but the main shoot of the dahlia plant, allowing only one strong stem to grow. Support with a stake and trim off the top to make strong, stocky plants. Do not fertilize top heavily. Pinch back cosmos plants to make them branch out, and prevent spindly growth. The vegetable garden requires much attention this month in keeping down the weeds, preserving moisture by creating a dust mulch, in constantly stirring the soil, and spraying vigilantly to destroy diseases and insects. Two months is the length of time to allow for cutting asparagus, so, as it is usually ready to cut the first of April, by June one should stop cutting. Coarse salt thrown over the bed will keep down weeds and be helpful. Plant Navy beans and cultivate freely but only when the vines are dry, as otherwise they will rust. Budding and grafting are done this month, when the wood is perfectly ripe. Make the first transplanting of celery from the seedling beds to a coldframe, planting them three inches apart in the rows that are four inches apart. About the end of July, when good strong plants, transplant to the open ground. Shade plants care- fully from the hot sun by slat screens or pine boughs and always keep thoroughly well watered. Pinch back tomato plants and train main stem to a stake. If trained instead to a coarse wire netting laterals can remain and be trained as one does grape vines. Be vigilant in spraying for beetles and worms on potatoes, tomatoes, and melons from the time the plants appear above ground. The corn worm and smut can be controlled if taken in hand at the start. Bordeaux is effectual, and with the arsenate of lead in it and the spray directed with force into the end of the ear of corn at silking time, the corn worm will be eradicated. A dry spray of arsenic and sulphur pumped into the tip end of the ear of corn has proven most efficacious. Peas cannot be planted in hot weather, but con- tinuous plantings of corn, beets, and snap beans can be kept up until the middle of September. Plant Irish potatoes for winter crop, according to directions given in The Garden Magazine for the early potato. The Green Mountain potato is a very desirable kind. Set out sweet potato plants now. A good sandy loam is the best soil for this crop. Do not make it too rich or the plants will run to vine. J. M. Patterson. June, 1915 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 273 <1475 Puts this set [on jour porch INCREASE your comfort and pleasure this summer — A make the porch a comfortable place to read; sew and entertain with this genuine Old Hickory set. No matter how big or how small your porch or lawn — from the 100 and over different pieces of Old Hickory you can find just the piece or set to give you endless enjoyment. buy Old Hickory Furniture for your porch, laWn and home Old Hickory stands the hardest kind of usage, cleaned — just turn on the hose. Just because Old Hickory is used exten- sively on the lawns and perches of well- to-do homes is no sign it’s expensive. Far from it. The durable set, shown above, costs you but $14.75 at your urniture store or from this ad — and it lasts more than a lifetime! Send $14 75 for the three-piece Set illustrated above — freight prepaid east of the Missouri River. Money-back guarantee Easily It illustrates entire Old Hickory line — and give9 sugges- tions and prices. Send postal for your ropy today. Men- tion dealer s name, please. Old Hickory Furniture is sold by the leading furniture stores in your town. Made In U. S. A. The Old Hickory Chair Co., 423 South Cherry St., Martinsville, Ind. Send for new “Venetian Catalogue 4” Just issued Wilson Venetians for Piazzas and Porches initiate one into the delights and benefits of sleeping outdoors while retain- ing all the comfort and privacy of indoors. They enable you to have a wide open piazza by day and a delightful private sleeping porch by night — if desired. The residences illustrated above, as well as thousands of other equally attractive buildings throughout the United States are equipped with the Wilson Awning Blind- This unique combination Venetian strikes a popular note in hot weather comfort. It gives perfect control of light and air in the home, is very durable, easily operated from inside, ana artistic i artistic and distinctive. THE J. G. WILSON CORPORATION, 8 West 40th St., New York Established 1876 Something for Every Building The Improved Dodson SPARROW TRAP Help us get rid of sparrows and native song birds will return to our gardens. U. S. Dept, of Agriculture Bulletin advocates destruction of English Sparrows. Thousands of sparrows now being caught by this new im- proved Dodson Sparrow Trap. It works automatically, all the time. Has a double funnel trap on left, an automatic drop trap on right; catches sparrows at both ends. No other trap like this. Dodson trap is made of strong, electri- cally welded wire; lasts a life-time. Price $6, f.o.b. Chicago. To attract song birds, get genuine Dodson Bird Houses, There are 20 styles. Beautiful illustrated booklet tells How To Win Native Birds— it Is free— write for It. Mr. Dodson, a Director of the Illinois Audubon Society, has been building: Bird Houses for 20 years. Dodson Houses are proven suc- cesses In thousands of gardens. If you love birds get a sparrow trap and also one or several Dodson Bird Houses. Write for the free booklet today. JOSEPH H. DODSON 709 Security Bldg. Chicago, 111. WINDOW BOXES COMPLETE Write or ’Phone PLANT CRAFTSMEN New York Office 16 EAST 33d STREET ’ Phone 123 Murray Hill All branches of Landscape and Garden Work The Birds Will Come! May and June are good months to win the birds to your garden. Plenty of time yet for nesting. Colonial Bath Pedes- tal of simple classic design. A beautiful ornament for any garden. Birds flock to it. Villa double Wren House of pleasing design; dur- able and attractive. This drinking and bath- ing pedestal will give you great pleasure all summer. All kinds of birds will come and enjoy it, especially in the hot dry months. The artistic and practical designs of UNIQUE bird houses and baths give a much desired touch of interest and quaintness to the garden. Send for The Garden Unique Catalog showing the full line of exclusive and beautiful styles. THE GARDEN UNIQUE 3151 Ivison Ave., Berwyn, 111. RnMnD A FOR flowers DA/ilVylv/a AND VEGETABLES With your seed order, include Bonora, the greatest fertilizer in the world. Results are wonderful. Will make flowers and vegetables grow and bloom as if in the tropics, mature much earlier, and in abundance. If you have not used it, write for des- criptive circular. Marvelous results. THOUSANDS USE IT. THOUSANDS ENDORSE IT. Luther Burbank, John Lewis Childs. Dingee and Conard say it is wonderful. Ask your dealer for it or order direct. Put up in dry form: 12 oz. enough to make 21 gal. postpaid 50c 5 lbs. “ " “ 140 “ “ 3.00 10 lbs. “ “ “ 280 “ 11 5.50 50 lbs. by freight 22.50 100 lbs. by freight 40.00 Bonora Chemical Company 518-517 Broadway, New York Rustic Cedar Furniture Is so COSY and ARTISTIC We work this handsome rustic wood up into Chairs, Tables, Settees, Canopy Settees, Flower Stands, Vases, all styles of Summer Houses, Playhouses, Pergolas, Rose Arches and Rustic Bird-Houses Special orders executed from your plans, or we submit designs. Estimates furnished on all kinds of rustic work. Send for Catalogue JERSEY KEYSTONE WOOD CO., Inc. TRENTON, .NEW JERSEY 274 T II E G A R DEN M A GAZINE June, 1915 Poultry, Kennel and Live Stock Directory information about the J 7 J selection or care or dogs, poultry and live stock will he gladly given. Address INFORMATION DEPARTMENT, The Garden Magazine, 11-13 West 32d Street, New York. Dog Kennel No. 4 Poultry House— 5 units No. 3 Poultry House — / unit Hodgson Portable Houses KENNEL— Sanitary, neat, durable. $10.00. No. 4 POULTRY HOUSE— 10x50 feet ; in 5 pens ; complete for 200 hens. Cedar, vermin-proof. First pen, $75.00 ; additional pens, $60.00 each. No. 3 POULTRY HOUSE— 8x10 feet ; complete for 30 hens. $60.00 ; additional pens, $50.00 each. Cedar, vermin-proof. Neatly painted. Quickly bolted together by anyone. Send for illustrated catalogue. E. F. HODGSON rn /Room 311, 116 WASHINGTON ST.. BOSTON. MASS./ V'V. /CRAFTSMAN BLDG., 6 EAST 39th ST , NEW YORK/ Address all corre- spondence to Boston Bob White Quail Partridges and Pheasants Capercailzies, Black Game, Wild Turkeys, Quails, Rabbits, Deer, etc., for stocking purposes. Fancy Pheasants. Peafowl. Swans. Cranes, Storks. Ornamental Geese and Ducks. Foxes, Squirrels, Ferrets, etc., and all kinds of birds and animals. WILLIAM J. MACKENSEN, Naturalist ABSORBINE *TRADE MARK REG.U.S.PAT. OFF. Reduces Strained, Puffy Ankles, Lymph- angitis, Poll Evil, Fistula, Boils, Swellings; Stops Lameness and allays pain. Heals Sores, Cuts, Bruises, Boot Chafes. It is an ANTISEPTIC AND GERMICIDE [NON-POISONOUSJ Does not blister or remove the hair and horse can be worked. Pleasant to use. $2.00 a bottle, de- livered. Describe your case for special instructions and Book 5 K free W. F. YOUNG, P.D.F., 152 Temple Street, Springfield, Mass. WILL MORE MONEY HELP? As a member of our agency organization, securing subscribers for The \\ orld s Work, Country Life in America and The Garden Magazine, you can increase your earnings — many are doing it. Send your name to the Circulation Dept. Dept. 55, Pheasantry and Game Park YARDLEY, PA. Doubleday, Page & Company, Garden City, New York G. D. TILLEY Naturalist “ Everything in the Bird Line from a Canary to an Ostrich” Birds for the House and Porch Birds for the Ornamental Waterway Birds for the Garden, Pool and Aviary Birds for the Game Preserve and Park 1 am the oldest established and largest exclusive dealer in land and water birds in America and have on hand the most extensive stock in the United States. G. D. TILLEY, Naturalist, Box G, Darien, Conn. BOSTON TERRIERS fine markings, good breeding and excel- lent dispositions. I have sold fifty of these fine pets and companions to Coun- try Life readers during the past year and satisfied every one. Also Bull Terriers and English Bull- dogs. (peasonable prices. W rile Box 330, Garden Magazine 1 1 W. 32nd St. New York BIRD BATH Made of Sharon ware frost- proof cement, by men suf- fering from heart trouble. These baths are artistically and substantially made and can be had in all colors to match surround- ings. Beautifully decorative. Price, $3.00 With base. $3 50. THE SHARONWARE WORKSHOP, 42 Lexington Ave., New York City A Free Service for Property Hunters Who Wish to Buy or Rent We realize the many difficulties which confront the prospective home buyer or lessee. It is some- times a hard problem to find just the kind of property to fill one’s requirements. The following service was established to help those contemplating the purchase or lease of a property. This service is free. In connection with the Real Estate Department in Country Lite in America, we operate a Real Estate Directory File in which are placed descriptions of country, suburban and sea-shore properties for sale and rent in various parts of the United States. Perhaps your “ideal” is among those listed. You are invited to send your requirements if you have searched unsuccessfully for a place. Address, Manager Real Estate Department, Country Life in America Garden City, L. I. The National Real Estate Medium 11 West 32d St., N. Y. RECENT BOOKS The Art of Landscape Architecture. By SAMUEL Parsons. G. P. Putnam’s Sons, New York. Illus- trated; price, $3.50 net. In this work quotations are made from more than one hundred recognized authorities on landscape architecture in order to uphold the underlying principles of the practice of the art. There are chapters devoted to lawns, plantations, roads, and paths, grading, rocks, water, islands, location of buildings, laying out of grounds, gardens and parks, fences or enclosures, etc. The Practical Book of Outdoor Rose Growing. By G. C. Thomas, Jr. The J. B. Lippincott Co., Phila- delphia, Pa. Illustrated; price, $4.00 This volume is certainly not only a most interest- ing and real contribution to American horticultural literature, but it is also one of the most beautifully printed of all horticultural books. The author has achieved remarkable success in rose growing; it has been a life-long hobby with him to try out all known varieties, and his rose gardens are famous. He is, therefore, thoroughly conversant with his subject. He devoted three years to making and perfecting autochrome color photographs from fresh flowers of roses, and the 96 illustrations in color that are contained in this volume are extraor- dinary reproductions of those made under his per- sonal direction; the plate of Mr. John Cook’s Cardinal rose on this month’s cover is a sample of the work in Mr. Thomas’s book. It is essentially a cultural manual recording the author’s personal experiences near Philadelphia. Not the least valuable part is the record of the behavior of certain varieties under the given conditions which is pre- sented in tabular form. Of course, personal preferences obtrude in varietal judgment, but that is one of the fascinations of the book. Detailed directions for growing, making the beds, planting, etc., are given. Poultry Production. By Wm. ADAMS LIPPINCOTT. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, Pa. Illustrated; price, $2.00 net. The weakest feature of this work is its title. Taken altogether there are 450 pages of concise information on every conceivable subject of interest to the producer of poultry, be he backlotter or owner of a large plant. To a certain extent it is a compilation from bulletins of government and state experiment stations. Special chapters on breeding, incubation, brooding, housing, and hygiene, feeding, marketing, etc. Well written, well indexed, and well printed. The Flower Finder. By George L Walton. J. B. Lippincott Co. Philadelphia, Pa. Illustrated; price, $2.00 net. By the amateur nature student and indeed by everyone interested in the subject, this little leather bound volume will be found of great assistance. Part I is devoted to flowers, which are divided into color groups; Part I deals with fruits, also separated into color groups. There are color charts by the use of which one can readily identify the specimens; and 590 drawings and photographs. A most attrac- tive little book and one that might be easily carried on cross-country tramps. The Small Family Cook Book. Compiled by Mary Denson Pretlow. McBride, Nast & Co., New York. Price, 75 cents net. A book of recipes so clearly expressed as to be particularly valuable to the inexperienced house- keeper, and to those whose families consist of but two or three people. This little book will un- doubtedly answer a long-felt want — it is easy enough to follow the usual recipe and make a big cake, but here is a book that will tell you how to make one just large enough for two or three people. Insects of Economic Importance. By GLENN W. Herrick. Carpenter & Co., Ithaca, N. Y. Price, $1.00 net. In which are discussed, not all the insects of economic importance, but the principal pests of fruits, vegetables, farm animals, shade trees, greenhouse, the household, etc. Formulas for insecticides and directions for their application are also given. The Readers' Service will give information about the latest automobile accessorier June, 1915 THE GARDEN M A G A Z I N E 275 BIRD HOMES At Factory Prices We are one of the pioneers in this busi- ness, and offer these artistic, practical houses at the follow- ing low prices: Nesting Shelter $1.25 Swallow House $2.50 Bird Study House $3.00 Flicker House $3.00 Flycatcher House $3.00 Bird Bath . . $9.00 Beautiful 4 Room Blue Bird House . . $5.00 46 Room Marten House, Pole included .... $40.00 54 Room Marten House, Pole included .... $57.50 You will find many others in our interesting Illustrated Book of Bird Homes and Lawn Accessories. Absolutely FREE. Write for it today. E. E. EDMANSON & CO. Largest Exclusive Manufacturers of Bird Houses in the World 622-628 S. Norton St. Chicago, 111. Hanging Feedery $1.00 Tree Swallow $2.50 2 compartment system Of Underground Refuse Disposal Keeps your garbage out of sight in the ground, away Irom the cat, dog, and typhoid fly. Opens with foot. Hands never touch. LYNN MASS Underground Garbage and Refuse Receivers Fireproof Receiver for ashes, sweepings and oily waste in house or GARAGE. Our Underground Earth Closet means freedom from polluted water. Look for our Trade Marks In use / 2 yrs. It pays to look us up Sold direct. Send for catalogue \T. II. STEPHENSON, Mfr. TO Farrar St., Lynn, Mass. STATEMENT OF THE OWNERSHIP, MANAGEMENT, &c., OF THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Published in accordance with the Act of Congress of August 24, 1912. Editor, Leonard Barron, . . Garden City, N. Y. Managing Editor, Leonard Barron, . . Garden City, N. Y. Business Managers, Doubleday, Page & Co., Garden City, N. Y. Publishers, Doubleday, Page & Co., . . Garden City, N. Y. Owners, Doubleday, Page & Co Garden City, N. Y. Stockholders holding 1 per cent, or more of total amount of stock on April 1, 1915 F. N. Doubleday, Walter H. Page, Herbert S. Houston, S. A. Everitt, . A. W. Page. Russell Doubleday, Henry W. Lanier, Oliver L. Johnson, F. Coit Johnson, R. M. Fair, W. W. Fuller, W. F. Etherington, Garden City, N. Y. London, Eng. Garden City, N. Y. Garden City, N. Y. Garden City, N. Y. Garden City, N. Y. Eliot, Me. Norwich, Conn. New York, N. Y. Chicago, 111. New York, N. Y. New York, N. Y. Known bondholders, mortgagees and other security holders, holding 1 per cent, or more of total amount of bonds, mortgages, or other securities. No bond, mortgages, or other securities of indebtedness out- standing. (Signed) DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY By S. A. EVERITT, Treasurer. Sworn to and subscribed before me this 1st day of April, 1915. ( Signed ) Albert H. Jennings, Notary Public Nassau County, N. Y. Commission Expires March 30, 1916. This country recognizes three grades of truth: — the truth — the whole truth — nothing but the truth “The Truth” by itself may be false because of what it leaves unsaid, or because while technically correct it is designed to mislead. “The whole truth” may be inef- fective because it leaves one asking — “Well, what are you going to do about it?” “Nothing but the truth” involves a grasp and expression of right funda- mentals, rounded knowledge, fair play — an irresistible appeal. In Chicago from June 20th to 24th there will be a convention of The Associated Advertising Clubs of the World. T1 te standard under which this convention assembles is “Nothing but the Truth in Advertising” This is not a sentimental standard. It is a commercial standard main- tained by the contact of idealists, en- thusiasts, and hard heads. It is the only standard under which the annual expenditure of $600,000,000 for advertising can be made to pay. It is the standard under which 2,000 people met last June in Toronto and, before that, in Baltimore, Dallas, Boston. It is the standard under which every reader of newspapers, maga- zines, outdoor signs, booklets, novel- ties— the printed or painted adver- tising message — has come to believe what he reads. You are Invited to Attend No adult in this country but uses or is affected by advertising. The con- vention in Chicago will give you ideas for application to your own business and your own life. You will come in contact with the discoverers and pioneers in the development of the economic force of advertising — a force which will grow with your support as you will grow by contact with it and its workers. For special information address CONVENTION COMMITTEE, Advertising Ass’n of Chicago, Adver- tising Bldg., 123 Madison Street, Chicago. Associated Advertising Clubs of the World llth Annual Convention J^Ianb for Immediate Effect ■4= Not tor Future. Generations START with the largest stock that can be secured! It takes over twenty years to grow many of the Trees and Shrubs we offer. We do the long waiting— thus ena- bling you to secure trees and shrubs that give immediate results. Price List Now Ready. JMMDORR/I lluRSERIES Wm.Warner Harper Proprietor Chestnut Hill. Ptula. Box G. Pa. The Readers' Service gives information about investments 27(5 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE June, 1915 CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING DEPARTMENT In this department are published announcements of firms offering goods or service of definite interest to garden enthusiasts. This department is also open to any of our subscribers who may wish to buy, sell or exchange goods through the use of announcements herein. The rate is five cents a word (average eight words to the line), payable in advance. The name and address is counted as part of the advertisement; initials or figures count the same as words. Copy must reach us not later than the 10th of the month preceding date of issue to appear in the edition dated the following month— Thus copy for the classified depart- ment of the July edition must be in our office June ioth. No display type allowed other than capitals on first line. Smallest advertisement accepted, $1.00. Address Classified Advertising Department, The Garden Magazine, 11 IVest )2nd Street, New York City AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS FOUR PIECE FLORAL TOOL SET. Shovel, Rake, Hoe, Spading Fork, Si. 50. Hand and Horse Rollers. We have a complete line of Garden Tools set up for Inspection. Send for Catalogue D. J. S. Woodhouse Co., 191 Water St., New York. Established 1845. JAPANESE PRUNING SCISSORS. Just the thing for trim- ming bushes, etc. Strong enough to cut small limbs. Sharp enough to cut silk. Send 75 cents to K. Kawaguchi, importer of Japanese Goods. 320 Fifth Avenue, New York. ASTERS ASTER PLANTS 100 Queen of the Market, early, mixed. Price by mail postpaid $1.00 75 Vicks Mikado, white, rose, pink, Rochester . 1 00 75 Giant Comet, white, lavender, pink 1.00 50 Lady Roosevelt, lavender gem, enchantress pink, royal stripe 1 . 00 50 Sawyer Astermum, white, pink, lavender . 1.00 100 Violet King, rose king, lavender king, Crego. White, rose 1 . 00 Plants 4 to 6 inches high. Ready for delivery May 15th to July 1st. The Oldbrick Farms. T. M. Watson, mgr. Orwell, Ashtabula Co., Ohio. ASTERS, Late Branching, mixed colors, 25 cents per dozen, $1.50 per 100. Larkspur, Gold Medal Hybrids, nice plants, 15 cents each, $1.50 per dozen. Harold L. Brow n, Barrington, New Jersey. ASTER PLANTS, that will bloom and beautify your lawn. Post- paid 4 dozen, 25c.; 100, 40c.: 1,000, $2.75. Isaac Tshudy, Smoke- town, Pa. ASTERS, Queen of Market and Semples Branching, best shades, plants ready for bordering 40c per doz. postpaid. J. J. Clayton & Son, West Grove, Pa. CHRYSANTHEMUMS HARDY CHRYSANTHEMUMS. 6 assorted colors 25c. Cul- tural notes free. Staten Island Chrys. Farm, Signs Road, New Springville, Staten Island, New York. DAHLIAS DAHLIA bulbs. My Special First Prize Collection, not less than 15 varieties via express. $7 worth for $5. Stillman, The Dahlia Specialist, Westerly, R. I. GLADIOLUS TO THOSE WHO APPRECIATE QUALITY. 25 Giant Orchid Flowering Gladiolus Bulbs, including blue, yellow, etc., specially selected; also the new creamy pink ‘‘Glory,” exquisitely waved petals, postpaid $1.00. Artistic booklet of rare gladioli free. Over 50 awards, also two firsts Boston, 1914. H. E. Meader, Gladiolus Specialist, Dover, N. H. GLADIOLI, Mrs. Frank Pendleton, finest gladiolus, only two dol- lars per doz. bulbs, postpaid. Now for bargains in gladioli, dahlias, etc. Send us one dollar and see what we will send you. The most yet for the money. Satisfaction guaranteed. Catalogue, Sumner Perkins, Danvers, Mass. GLADIOLUS bulblets, 8 for 10c.; 40 for 25c. Giant hyacinth, 25c.; 3 for 60c. All postpaid. Dahlias, $4 to $6 a 100 net. Can- nas, $2.50 a 100 net. W. W. Marmaduke, Washington, D. C. GRASS SPECIALIST WORN OUT LAWNS RENOVATED. 20 years’ experience in the pioduction and renovation of lawns, tennis courts, golf courses, etc. Write for valuable instructive booklet, "Practical illustra- tions of Turf Production.” William Tucker, Grass and Turf Specialist, 35 Nassau Street, New York. HERBACEOUS AND FLOWERING PLANTS POINSETTIA PULCHERRIMA. We are headquarters for this stately Christmas blooming plant. Comes into flower naturally for Xmas in the conservatory or bay window. No special treatment required. One dozen for $1.50, 100 for $10.00. Six at the dozen rate, 25 at the 100 rate. Ship safely anywhere by express. Send for our free illustrated catalogue of plants for every place and purpose. Roses, Shrubs, Herbaceous Plants, Trees. Largest Nursery and Greenhouse establishment in northwestern Pennsylvania. Our northern Grown Plants are shipped everywhere and please the most exacting. Baur Floral Co., 15 East 9th St., Erie, Pa. SCARLET SAGE, strong 2\ inch pot plants, 50c per doz. postpaid. Not Free but if you will send us with your Aster or Scarlet Sage order 25 names and addresses of your friends who are users of house and bedding plants, we will send you 6 beautiful Coleus or 6 more Scarlet Sage or 10 Asters. J. J. Clayton & Son, West Grove, Pa. CYCLAMENS are the finest winter blooming Plants. We are Specialists, have the latest Novelties. Plants from Flats, five cents; from Pots, ten cents. Orders from Dollar up. Cultural Directions with orders. Christ. Winterick, Cyclamen Specialist, Defiance, O. "OLD-FASHIONED” Flowers can be Dlanted with safety if pot grown. See list and sDecial offer on page 271 of this number. Read it now. W. E. King, Box 386, Little Silver, N. J. NURSERY STOCK CRYPTOMERIAS the new Oriental specimen or tub plant. Most artistic evergreen introduced. Haidy, 3 to 4 feet, $2.50; 2 to 3 feet, $2.00. JUNIPER. Pfitzeriana, splendid for foundation work. Style o’ Sabina, better every way, try it. 3 feet, $2.25; 13 to 2 feet, $1.75. North Jersey Nurseries, Millburn, N. J. OLD BOXWOODS. A few specimens six feet high and equally broad, send for photos. Also small Boxwood at low rates per thousand. Norway Maples 8 to 10 ft. $35 per hundred. Rock- land Nurseries, Blauvelt, N. Y. COLORADO NATIVE SHRUBS, Evergreens, and Flowers for every American Garden, and the best ornamentals for western planters; 40-page catalogue free. Rockmont Nursery, Boulder, Colorado. PETS HANDSOME SCOTCH COLLIES; Champion Wishaw Clinker Type. Special price if ordered now. Melzar C. Richards, 139 Delaware St., Syracuse, N. Y. ROSECROFT FARM, MIDDLEBUSH, N. J. Airedale terriers, from three months old up. Bred fiom highest class sires and dams only. Write for description and prices. FANCY RABBITS. Best prize winning strains in America. $2.50 per pair up. R. G. Stoothoff, 278 High Ave., Nyack, N. Y. PHOTOGRAPHY NOW IS THE TIME to have your beautiful flower gardens photo-’ graphed in all the natural colors. Flowers, Gardens, Country Estates. Interiors, and Views wonderfully reproduced in permanent and brilliant colors. Drop in at the Studio of Karl Stiuss and see many interesting examples. Further particulars from Karl Struss, S West 31st Street, New York. POULTRY BARRED ROCKS, THOMPSON’S STRAIN. Best layers. Eggs Two Dollars Fifty Cents for setting of fifteen. We guarantee satisfaction. Staplehurst Poultry Yards, Fort Smith, Ark. ROSES DINGEE ROSES. Pot grown plants safely transplanted any time duringlthe growing season. Can be sent with the soil on the roots. Send for Guide to Rose Culture Free. The Dingee & Con- ard Co., W'est Grove, Pa. ROSES — RED ROSES! Big vigorous bushes Richmond Kil- larney, American Beauties; everblooming June till frosts; deliciously fragrant; 50c. value each; nine assorted $2.00 prepaid. Satis- faction guaranteed. Send currency our risk. John Crook, dealer, 950 Lockwood Avenue, Chicago. PLANT THE BEST red garden rose "Ahrenberg.” $3.00 per dozen prepaid. Henry Eichholz, Waynesboro, Pa. ROSE PLANTS, 2 years old, assorted varieties. $1.00 per doz. F. O. B. Murryhill. L. B. Coddington, Murrayhill, N. J. SEEDS AND BULBS OUR FRENCH BULBS arrive in August. Lilium Candidum, the Madonna Lily, Paperwhite and Golden Sun Narcissus, French Roman Hyacinths, white, rose, blue. Golden and Silver Spur Trumpet Narcissus, Freesias, Oxalis, Lil. Harrisii from Bermuda. All for Christmas forcing. OUR HOLLAND BULBS arrive September — October. Tulips. Hyacinths, Narcissii, Crocus, Iris, Paeonias, etc. Send list of wants. We estimate and save you at least 25% on all orders received by July fifteenth. Our fall bulb book ready in July. H. H. Berger & Co. 70 Warren St., New York. IRISES. We have the most complete collection of Irises in the world. No Garden is complete without some of these most pop- ular of hardy garden flowers. The next planting season begins in August. Catalog on request. The Gardens, Dayton, O. TULIPS, NARCISSI, IRISES. Ready in August. Send name now for special early order list, ready soon after blooming time. Oronogo Flower Gardens, Carthage, Mo. SITUATIONS WANTED GARDENERS. FARMERS, POULTRYMEN, DAIRYMEN, with investigated references promptly supplied by Odells Agency, 825-6th Ave., Telephone. Bryant 7007. Established 1852. An Odell recommendation stands for character and efficiency. Wre also supply household servants, male and female. DAHLIAS. Yellow Duke, Henry Patrick, Gaillaid, and Minnie McCullough; 4 for 25c., or 20 for S1.00 postpaid. My own selec- tion; those listed above included. Ralph Benjamin, Calverton, Long Island, N. Y. FOR USE IN THE GARDEN BEES. Keep them in your garden for honey and money. We sup- ply Italian Bees, Hives, Books, etc. Catalog Free. "Gleanings in Bee Culture,” 6 months’ trial 25c. The A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio. BIRD BATHS, SUN BATHS. SETTEES. FLOWER POTS. Urns, Fountains, etc., in Reinforced Cast Stone Ask for Catalogue G. J. C. Kraus Cast Stone Works, Inc., 153-159 W est 32nd Street, New York. SHOWER SPRAYERS. For lawn or tree, an exact duplicate of rain. Unequalled for keeping lawns fresh and green. Reade & McKenna 6i4-6oth Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. FURNITURE BRENNAN WILLOW’ FURNITURE — Best made and inexpen- sive. Mail orders with money back guarantee a specialty. Sketches on request. Walter J. Brennan Co., 5 East 42d St., New York. GARDEN LECTURERS MRS. S. A. BROW N offers the following list of lectures on subjects of special interest to amateur garden clubs. 1. The ways and means of amateur exhibitions, 2. W hen the east and west meet in the arrangement of flowers, 3. Personality in the garden, 4. Colour and correct colour nomenclature. 165 West 58th Street, New York. MRS. B. HAMMOND TRACY. Practical talks on the Gladiplus, Illustrated with carefully colored slides. Correspondence solicited. Address Cedar Acres, Wenham, Mass. INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES APHINE — the well known standard insecticide for aphis, and all sap-sucking insects which infest flowers and vegetables in the gar- den. It will keep your roses, sweet peas, peonies and all plants, free from insects. Endorsed by prominent horticultural authorities. Gill 25c; half pint 40c; pint, 65c; quart $1.00; gallon $2.50. FUNGINE — is a concentrated sulphur composition, which, unlike Bordeaux mixture, does not stain, but cleanses the foliage. A specific remedy for mildew, rust and wilt, affecting flowers, fruits and vege- tables. Half pint 30c; pint 50c; quart 75c; gallon $2.00. YERMINE — a soil sterilizer and vermicide. Destroys cut, wire, eel and grub worm, maggots and root lice. Used one part to four hun- dred parts of water, thoroughly soaking the ground, it will protect your plants against the ravages of the soil. Gill 25c; half pint 40c; pint 65c; quart $1.00; gallon $3.00. SCALINE — an oil and sulphur composition three-in-one: a scalicide, insecticide and fungicide combined. A most efficient winter spraying material against San Jose and other scale — and a summer spray for aphis and other sap-sucking insects infesting trees, shrubs and hardy plants. It is a marked improvement over the old-fashioned kerosene emulsion and fish oil soaps, more effective, and more economical. Quart 75c; gallon $1 .50: ten gallons $10.00. THE ABOVE NAMED PRODUCTS are for sale by the leading seedsmen througout the country. If not obtainable in your com- munity, send your order direct to us and we will have it shipped to you from our nearest agency. Aphine Mfg. Co., Mfgrs. of Agri- cultural Chemicals, Madison, N. J. IF YOU GROW' FLOWERS OR ARE TROUBLED WITH W EEDS ON YOUR PATHS, send for our booklet "The Insect and Weed Problem Solved.” The Reade Mfg. Co., Hoboken, N. J. WEED KILLER is the best money saver for the gardener. Try ours. Pino Lyptol Chemical Co., 455-457 West 26th St., New York. LANDSCAPE GARDENING LANDSCAPE GARDENING — done in all its branches. Grounds and gardens of all kinds laid out by throughly competent Lands- cape Gardeners at lowest possible cost. Correspondence invited. M. J. Galvin & Staff. Landscape Architects, Farmingdale, New I Jersey. In writing to advertisers please mention The Garden Magazine June, 1915 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 277 SITUATIONS WANTED— Continued FARM, ESTATE, GARDEN, POULTRY, DAIRY HELP for Estates, Farms, Institutions, Male or Female. Help that make good. Save time, trouble, expense, satisfaction guaranteed. Agency with the record. Difficult farm problems solicited. Sidney Sullivan, Practical Horticultural, Agricultural, Dairy, Poultry Demonstrator, Estate, Electrical Contractor. 115 Nassau St., New York. Phone 6486 Cortland. GARDEN, FARM AND DAIRY HELP. Furnished gentlemen’s estates. References investigated. Mathewson Agency, 818- 6th Ave., New York. Tel., 378 Bryant. GARDENER, expert, laid out finest estates, fully successful in fruit, flowers, vegetables, farming, years’ experience. Best recom- mendation. John Braun, 212 l. 48th St., New York. TROPICAL PLANTS ALL MANNER OF TROPICAL PALMS, ferns, and flowering plants for Northern homes and greenhouses. Handsome catalog free. Reasoner Bros. Royal Palm Nurseries, Oneco, Fla. VEGETABLES ASPARAGUS ROOTS by the ten thousand. Privet hedging, ten dollars per thousand. Tomato, cabbage, pepper, egg plant, cauli- flower, lettuce, beet and celery plants. I supply dozens of seeds- men and nurserymen all over this country. Write me, it will pay you. Warren Shinn, Woodbury, N. J. PLANTS POSTPAID. All varieties, cabbage, celery, cauliflower, beets, lettuce, pepper, tomato, sweet potato, asters. Four dozen, 25c. Hundred, 45c. Catalog. Click Plant Farms, Smoketown, Pa . CABBAGE, all best late varieties grown on new soil and free from the fungous diseases that destroy many cabbage crops. Strong plants 25c per 100, post paid. $1.50 per 1000 by express. J. J. Clayton & Son, West Grove, Pa. MISCELLANEOUS TWENTY-FIVE five-cent packages, assorted garden and flower seeds, 1 doz. Aster plants, 1 doz. Tomatoes, 6 Geraniums, 6 Pe- tunia, 6 Vines, 6 Pansy, and 1 doz. other assorted plants. All for $1.00 prepaid to any place in U. S. Money back if not satisfied. Franzen Seed Store, 5319 No. Clark St., Chicago. JERSEY COAST MAGAZINE is the best guide to summer happi- ness; many pictures; resort and hotel information. Send fifteen cents to Asbury Park office for June number; year’s subscription fifty cents. H. E. Denegar, 709 Second Ave., Asbury Park, N. J. JAPANESE TEA GARDEN made most unique and artistic in short time, in any part of U. S. and Canada. T. R. Otsuka, 414 South Michigan Blvd., Chicago, 111. LEARN JEWELRY ENGRAVING. Free outfit and complete course for a few hours’ work, send 42 cts for samples and instruc- tions. New England Engraving School, Taunton, Mass. GIANT PANSIES, Steele’s Mastodon Strain, the largest and most marvelously colored in existence. Flowers measure up to 3$ inches in diameter. Why plant common small flowering pansies when you can buy these beautiful Giants of new shades and varia- tions, postpaid in bud and bloom for 40c. doz., 3 doz., $1.00. Long Island Dahlia Gardens, Hicksville, L. I., N. Y. BOOKS FOR THE GARDEN ENTHUSIAST OUTDOOR ROSE GROWING is successfully done by the amateur who follows the practical rules given by George C. Thomas. Jr., in his “Practical Book of Outdoor Rose Growing for the Home Garden.” With 96 full page plates in color, and workable charts. $4.00 net. Send for circular, with beautiful plate. J. B. Lippin- cott Company, Philadelphia. “THE VOICE OF THE GARDEN,” “MY GARDEN OF DREAMS.” Books that are Different. You will gain new friends among the plants, and you will feel happier among your old favorites. $1.30 each, postpaid. Thomas Meehan & Sons, Publishers, Box 17, Germantown, Phila., Pa. ‘‘STUDIES OF TREES,” by J. J. Levison, M. F. Tells how to identify trees, and describes the leaf, flower, twig, and habit charac- teristics. Sent postpaid on receipt of $1.60. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Dept. G., 432 Fourth Avenue, New York. “INSECT PESTS OF FARM, GARDEN AND ORCHARD,” by E. Dwight Sanderson. Discusses all the important insects of faim, garden, and orchard, and gives a clear idea of their life histo- ries and habits. Sent postpaid on receipt of $3.00. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Dept. G.t 432 Fourth Avenue, New York. ‘‘HOW TO LAY OUT SUBURBAN HOME GROUNDS,” Second Edition, by Herbert J. Kellaway. Treats on the various details of suburban home grounds, and includes many plans- Sent postpaid on receipt of $2.00. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Dept. G., 432 Fourth Avenue, New York. DO YOU KNOW THE TREES? Hough’s Handbook of Trees will teach you to love them. Photo-descriptive. $6.00. Sample pages sent. Romeyn B. Hough Co., Box 2o,Lowville,N. Y. THE GARDENER’S CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. Published Monthly. Devoted to gardening in its various phrases; to land- scaping, forestry, to the developments of parks and estates and to the general news of the doings of the national and local horticul- tural societies and garden clubs. Its columns contain digest of articles appearing in the leading American and European horticul- tural journals. Subscription $1.50 per year. The Chronicle Press, Inc., Publishers, 286 Fifth Avenue, New York. There’s Money For You! IT IS in our bank at the present time, waiting for you to earn it; not a small uninteresting amount, but thousands of dollars. Every year at this time we place this opportunity before our men and women and provide an occupation as a side line, a means of making money in spare hours and the possibility of establishing a permanent business that will make you independent for all time. You owe it to yourself and those interested in you to investigate this advertisement. If you have a good salary and some spare time you can make it larger. If you are in need of money for some special purpose, you can- not secure it in a more inter- esting and profitable manner. SEND THE COUPON — ^ Doubleday, Page & Company Garden City New York Doubleday, Page, & Co. Garden City, N. Y. Gentlemen: Send me full information and particu- lars regarding this advertisement. Name Address trade HumuS Yeast of the Earth Nature’s Ideal Fertilizer and Plant Food — a wonderfully beneficial, health-giving food for the Lawn, Garden and Conservatory. Rex Humus is black in color — rich in the ele- ments of plant food — absolutely odorless, clean anil pleasant to handle and contains no weed seed. It is not only a quick stimulant but a perma- nent plant food and soil builder. 1 1 supplies to starved vegetation just the nourishment it needs. Mix it with the soil in your flower boxes, flower pots, flower- beds, garden, and around your trees and shrubbery. Rake it into your lawn. Carries grass through a long period of drought. You will be delighted with the results. Special Trial Offer: For $1.00 we will send a ioo lb. bag, or for $5.00, six ioo lb. bags — F. O. B., Andover, N. J. Send for pamphlet and prices for larger quantities. Peterson, Sinclaire & Miller 25 West 45th St., New York Use Hammond’s Slug Shot “ Sold by Seed Dealers of America" If you have never used Slug Shot go to your nearest seed store and say: "Give me a barrel, a keg, 25 lbs., 10 lbs. ,5 lbs., or a 1 lb. carton,” as the case may be, of Slug Shot. After you have tried Slug Shot you will find nothing else to be its superior because you know from expe- rience that Slug Shot is reliable in everything that goes to make a useful Insecticide for garden use. , Hammond's Slug Shot Works Beacon, N. Y. I L L E T T ’ S Hardy Ferns and Flowers For Dark, Shady Places We have Lilies, Trilliums, Erythroniums. Claytonias and many other bulbs: other Ferns and plants. Send for our descriptive catalogue of over 80 pages, which tells all about our Plants and Bulbs. It’s FREE. EDWARD GILLETT, 3 Main Street, Southwick, Mass. Horsford’s Cold Weather Plants ind Flower Seeds that Grow My list comprises the hardiest kinds, that have stood Ver- mont winters. You should see my catalog before buyingelsewhere. Ask for it. F. H. H0RSF0RD, Charlotte. Vermont Gardens Beautiful We are ready to assist you in beautifying your country home. Landscape work, grading, roadmaking, rose gardens and old fashioned hardy gardens, all done by experienced men. It will cost nothing to consult us. W. E. MARSHALL & CO., Landscape Gardeners 166 W. 23rd Street New York The Readers' Service will gladly furnish information about Retail Shops £78 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE June, 1915 An American author whose Nature Books are genuine contributions to Science and through whose Ro mances thousands of people have learned to love Nature. GENE STRATTON-PORTER Nature Books of Popular Interest The Song of the Cardinal A romance, perhaps the most remarkable of any she has written. The love story of the Cardinal Bird and his mate. New Edition with Color Plates Now Ready. Net, $1.50 What I Have Done With Birds A remarkable series of bird character studies with pen and camera. Illustrated. Net, $3.00 Music of the Wild A volume of the songs and the voices of nature. Illus- trated with 120 exquisite photographs of birds and in- sect life. Net, $2.50 Moths of the Limberlost Illustrated in colors from rare photographs of living moths, taken by the author. Net, % 2.50 Mrs. Gene Stratton-Porter’s writings are distinctive in Amer- ican Literature, and will hold a high place there because of their happy combination of scientific accuracy and truth to Nature, with genuine romantic charm. In the intervals between her more serious nature books, have appeared her popular Nature Romances, in which her own ex- periences in the Limberlost Swampsand Indiana woods are de- lightfully interwoven. It is safe to say that many thousands of persons have been brought to a new understanding of Nature through these romances. In her own opinion “The Song of the Cardinal” is her best work, — “an exquisite prose poem,” it has been called by the Boston Herald, “that deserves a place of its own in American literature.” Her books have been or are now being translated into three foreign languages, an honor given to few American writers. Nature Romances (In the original order of their publication) Freckles New Limberlost Edition Illustrated by Thomas Fogarty Boxed Net , #1.50 At the Foot of the Rainbow Illustrated. Net, $1.20 A Girl of the Limberlost Illustrated Cloth, net, $ 1.20 Leather, net, $1.60 The Harvester Illustrated Cloth, net, $1.35 Leather, net, $1.75 Laddie a true blue story Illustrated and decorated by Herman Pfeifer Cloth, net, $1.35 Leather, net, $1.75 The Readers’ Service mil gladly furnish information about Retail Shops The Garden Library com / rwi Xj 'garde si library] THE FLOWER GARDEN Roses and How to Grow Them By Many Experts The most authoritative book recently pub- lished on American practice both outdoors and under glass. It shows when, where, and how to plant, gives full instructions for regu- lar care of the plants, for pruning, for the eradication of pests, and contains descrip- tions of the different types and races of roses with their peculiarities. house PLANTS coupon now J THE XJ rOARDF.Nl TIliRAKYJ The Flower Garden By Ida D. Bennett A clear and concise summary of ever sible sort of information that might sired by any one interested in garden- GARDEN PLANNING 'GARTH N1 library] CHRYSANTHEMUMS House Plants and How to Grow Them By P. T. Barnes Nothing gives a more cheerful look to a home than growing plants and flowers, yet few people appreciate the possibilities of their cultivation within doors. This volume des- cribes hundreds of foliage and flowering plants suitable for home culture and gives complete details for their raising and propa- gation. /THfcX, 'garden1 LIBRARY Lawns and How to Make Them By Leonard Barron How to make good lawns at the least possi- ble expense is explained in a practical way in this volume and directions for their up- keep given. The necessities, soil, water, and seed of lawns in different localities, are indicated and for the first time the use of in- gredients in lawn seed mixtures is explained. / TBE\! 'CARDEN'! LIBRARY] J'THE AJ fGAKDfeNl LlbRAHYl Garden Planning By W. S. Rogers This volume is really a guide to escaping the common faults of amateur garden planning. The broad principles for different types ot gardens are always the same and these are here given in such a form that they may be easily applied to the different conditions fac- ing the gardener. IKEirGMDEN Chrysanthemums and How to Grow Them By I. L. Powell The most practical guide for an amateur cul- tivator of this the most effective and useful of all garden flowers. The volume shows how the different varieties are raised, how pests are destroyed, how the greenhouse products are best produced, and includes complete tables showing the type, color, and planting and blooming times of hundreds of varieties. / ruLv 'garden’ LIBRARY The Orchard and Fruit Garden By E. P. Powell This book is without question the most com- prehensive and useful manual ever published on this subject. It is a mine of practical in- formation on the cultivation of nearly every kind of fruit grow n in this part of the w'orld and gives all the latest developments in fruit culture. /THEXj 'garden! iibrary! THE VEGETABLE GARDEN Vines and How to Grow Them By William McCollum The w-hole subject of vine cultivation for the practical gardener is here thoroughly cov- ered. Not only are the commoner \arieties of hardy annuals and woody vines discussed and the best methods for their cultivation in- dicated but complete directions are also given for growing the more unusual greenhouse varieties. / nreXJ rGARDi.Nl library] Daffodils — Narcissus And How to Grow Them By A. M. Kirby The various types of daffodils and narcissus are here described and the characteristics of each, w hether suitable for out-of-doors, home or hot-house culture, fully shown. Tables indicating the type of soil necessary for hundreds of different varieties, their shape, size, planting and blooming time, and other peculiarities are also given. GARDEN 1 IBHARV J che'v rGARDLN’ IIBRARY Water Lilies and How to Grow Them By H. S. Conard and Henri Hus Written by the two greatest authorities on water lilies in America. This volume is the best practical guide to their cultivation. The varieties suitable to different conditions are fully described, their characteristics show-n and full instructions for the making of inex- pensive ponds given. The Vegetable Garden By Ida D. Bennett This book deals fully with the various vege- tables that form the staple of the small gar- den. This Coupon Saves You Money. Use It To-day FREE If You Order Quickly THE GARDEN MAGAZINE for One Year— THE 1915 GARDEN AND FARM ALMANAC (200 pages, fully illustrated) SEND NO MONEY — Simply send in the attached order blank and the books will come to you. If you decide to keep them, pay by small monthly installments, if not return them at our expense; you will owe us nothing. As a Special Re ward for promptness we will include with your order for The Garden Library a whole year’s subscription to The Garden Magazine. The Garden Magazine you need to keep you in touch with the latest gardening news and methods. This is the greatest of all gardening combinations. Use the coupon to-day. Doubleday, Page & Co., Garden City, N. Y. G. M. 6-T5 Gentlemen:— Please send me The Garden Library in 12 volumes and enter the name of Ferns and How to Grow Them By G. A. Woolson This practical volume by a real nature stu- dent who has solved the various problems of growing our native ferns is of peculiar inter- est because of its completeness and method of approach. Nearly every variety of fern native to this country that may be grown w ithin doors and without is fully described and its habits shown. for one year’s subscription to The Garden Magazine. Also send me the 200 page 1915 Garden and Farm Almanac. If the books are satisfactory 1 agree to pay $1.00 on acceptance, $1.00 a month for 13 months. If the books are not satisfac- tory I will return them within ten days. Garden City DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY New York Caruso as Rhadames in Ai'da Victor Record of “Celeste Aida’ sung by Caruso are Caruso The Victor Record of Caruso’s voice is just as truly Caruso as Caruso himself. It actually is Caruso — his own magnificent voice, with all the wonderful power and beauty of tone that make him the greatest of all tenors. Ever}' one of the hundred and twenty-four Caruso records brings you not only his art, but his personality. When you hear Caruso on the Yictrola in your own home, you hear him just as truly as if you were listening to him in the Metro- politan Opera House. The proof is in the hearing. Any Victor dealer in any city in the world will gladly play for you Victor Records hy CariiM) or any other of the world's greatest artists. There are Victors and Victrolas I in great variety of styles from $10 to $250. Victor Talking Machine Co., Camden, N. J., U. S. A. Berliner Gramophone Co., Montreal, Canadian Distributors Victor Machines with Victor Records and Victor Needles — ition. There is no other way to get the unequalled Victor tone Aida— Celeste Aida New Victor Records demonstrated at all dealers on the 28th of each month THE COUNTRY LIKE PRESS, GARDEN CITY, NEW YORK pol. XXI , No. 6 JULY, 1915 15 Cents a Copy 'sViVl, mm “Every Garden Means a Home” E. H. WILSON’S Second Article “Consider the Lilies,’ With Original Photographs S IM The Fruit Garden in Summer <> Garden Accessories Furniture and Water Supply C'l'S? ^ H ♦ l -Ha* *4^ /PntcZcGi/ / a£ru/ fJUS&MC i«f siifgesfsu COUNTRY LIFE IN AMERICA DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO. Chicago GARDEN’ CITY, N. Y. New York THE WORLD’S WORK m m This sod is 4 '/i inches thick and was produced i n eight weeks on s e a sand mixed with A 1 p h a n o . To Thicken Your Lawn Sod Top Dress it Now With Alphano THE first vigor of Spring growth is now over. The early fertilizer you may have used has mostly spent its force; or been carried down by the rains, below the roots’ reach. The hot suns of July will soon be here to suck the moisture out of the soil. The drying winds of August will follow. So now is the time to encourage for- tifying root growth by using Alphano freely as a top dressing, raking it thor- oughly into the soil. It will promptly stimulate the growth of the fine fibrous roots that make the thick sod mass found in per- fect lawns. It will absorb five times its weight in moisture and hold it for the roots. It will supply food the entire Summer through. It is odorless, making it possible to use it anytime, anywhere. It is finely pulverized, making its use easy. If you would know exactly what Al- phano is; and why it is the ideal sod maker -send for the Alphano Convince- ment Book. Alphano was placed on the market ten years ago. $12 a ton in bags ( fjJ $8 a to1? b/ tbe carload A — -A— Jk-i in bulk F. O. B. Alphano, N. J. Alpha no H urr\U-S Co 1 7-C Battery Place, New York 'plant for Immediate Effect ij-7._-.iNot for Future. Generations START with the largest stock that can be secured! It takes over twenty years to grow many of the Trees and Shrubs we offer. We do the long waiting — thus ena- bling you to secure trees and shrubs that give immediate results. Price List Now Ready. TWoRRA IluRSERIES Wm.Wdrner Harper Proprietor Chestnut Hill. Phi La. Pa. Box G 1 ■ m A NEW METHOD OF BLEACHING CELERY The greatest invention in years for the Celery Grower. Saves the hard work of banking with soil. Requires only 14 days to make your Celery whiter, crisper, and more beautiful than by any other method in existence. Used and endorsed by all the leading Agricutural Culleges in the U. S. A. SAMPLE BLEACHER FREE Read this from a Customer Peace Dale, R. I. They bleach the Celery to perfection. I exhibited Celery at the County Fair, and was awarded out of three entries, two first and one second pre- mium. People remarked concerning the crispness, whiteness and taste of the Celery, asking how it was bleached so nicely C. O. C. My Beautiful 40 Page Free Book Tells how You can grow this prize winning celery. Also contains val- uable information on new methods of raising potted plants and early vegetables. You are missing a big addition to your garden efficiency every day you neglect sending for this valuable book. Write today. The Ball Mfg. Co. Dept. E. Glenside, Pa. Big opportun- ity for agents to make $1,000 to $5,000 a year representing us. Write us about it. In July, a little food, a little water, and a little lov- ing care, insure a beautiful lawn and flowers. Top dress your lawn with Ra- dium Plant Food, dig it in around your flowers and shrubbery — they will re- spond with spring vigor. Plants are living things and need food while growing. jlRAPIUM Fertilizer (Plant Food* ■ R A] Contains nitrogen, phosphoric acid, potash and radium. One pound will fertilize 50 sq. ft. or a plot 10x5 ft. Sold by dealers, or prepaid East of Mississippi River (West, add Sc lb.) as follows: 12 oz. can, $ .25 2 lb. can. $ .50 5 lb. can, 1.00 10 lb. can, 1.75 25 lb. can, $3.75 Our famous booklet “Radium Makes Things Grow free for the asking. RADIUM FERTILIZER CO. 211 Vanadium Bldg. PITTSBURGH, PA. Prize Winning | PEONIES Strictly True to Name Awards by American Peony Society Our splendid collection of select varieties is well worth looking over. Whether you grow for pleasure or for profit, send for our new catalog. You’ll find prices right. Satisfaction assured. Write today. S. G. HARRIS Box A Tarrytown, N. Y. July, 1915 T II E GAR D E N M A G AZIN E 279 The Regal Lily Lilium Myriophyllum or Regale This grand new species is acknowledged to be the finest Lily in culti- vation. This Lily was collected for us in China by Mr. E. H. Wilson, the fam- ous plant collector. It has received the fol- lowing awards: Gold Medal, Massachusetts Horticultural Society Gold Medal, National Flower Show, New York Gold Medal, Royal International Exhibition, London, 1913 We offer home-grown Bulbs for October delivery $1.25 each; $ 1 2.00 per dozen; $90.00 per hundred. Our Autumn Bulb Catalogue containing full description ready August 15. A copy will be mailed free on application. R. & J. FARQUHAR & CO., 9 South Market Street, Boston, Mass. Special Collections of Highest Quality Holland Bulbs In order to introduce “Scheepers Quality Bulbs” to those flower lovers who read Collection C The Garden Magazine, and to give you 6 Daffodils, in assortment an opportunity at the same time of se- * Crocuses, in assortment . 1 1 . 6 Grape Hyacinths, in assortment curing the special low prices we enjoy 6 Narcissus Papenvhite through our foreign connections, we have 6 Hyacinths, in assortment made up four special collections of those 6 Tulips Due Van Tholl Maximus varieties that are most satisfactory and * Chionodoxa in assortment .. _ Galanthus Elwesn are easily grown. jo £xjra gne bulbs for growing in the house for early flowering. Total collection $i.oo. \ collection 3 of each of the 8 varieties, 24 bulbs, $0.60. In view of these extraordinarily low prices, we must insist that all orders reach us by July 15th. Collection D Fach collection is melted in Holland ns 6 EXHIBITION Hyacinths in 6 finest named varieties c.acn collection IS paCKea in nouana, as 3 White Roman Hyacinths here offered, and IS selected by our 12 Polyanthus Narcissus, in four varieties growers from their best stock. I he col- 12 Daffodils, 1114 nar"ed varieties , ... I r TT II 1 1 15 1 ulips, in 3 named varieties lections Will reach US from Holland early 30 Crocuses, in assortment in September and will then be distribu- 12 Snowdrops . , . 12 Grape Hyacinths, in 2 colors ted to our customers by parcel post _i2 Chionodoxa, in assortment or express prepaid. 114 Extra fine bulbs, sufficient for 24 pots, for growing in the house; all can be easily forced; they may ... . , 11 .. also be successfully planted out of doors except- Hair the price of your collection must ing the 3 White Roman Hyacinths. Total col- accompany your order, or satisfactory £ct”n half the collection’ 57 bulbs, for references furnished. Order early as shipments will be made in the order received. Buy your bulbs from specialists if you want only the highest quality. All bulbs in these collections are guaranteed to be the very best procurable. John Scheepers & Co., Inc., Flower Bulb Specialists, 2 Stone St., New York City Experimental gardens. Brook ville. Long Island Collection A ioo Tulips Due van Tholl. mixed ioo Crocuses, in assortment ioo Grape Hyacinths, blue and white ioo Galanthus, in assortment ioo Scilla Siberica. blue and white ioo Early Daffodils ioo Hyacinths, in assortment ioo Chionodoxa, in assortment ioo Eranthis Hyemalis ioo Triteleia 1000 Extra fine bulbs for planting outside; full collection $5.00; \ collection, meaning 50 each of the ten varieties, 500 bulbs $3.00; \ collection, meaning 25 each of the ten varieties, 250 bulbs, $1.75. Collection B 100 Tulips, mixed 100 Daffodils, mixed 100 Crocuses, mixed 100 Hyacinths, in assortment 100 Scilla Nutans (English Blue Bell) 100 Spanish Iris, in assortment 50 Camassia 50 Ornithogalum Umbellatum 100 Ranunculus, in assortment 100 Single Anemones de Caen 100 Ixias, in assortment iooo Extra fine bulbs for planting outside, giving a long continuous flowering season; full collection $5.00; 2 collection, meaning 50 bulbs each of the ten varieties, 500 bulbs. $3.00; 1 collection, meaning 25 each of the ten varieties, 250 bulbs, $1.75. Collection C 6 Daffodils, in assortment 6 Crocuses, in assortment 6 Grape Hyacinths, in assortment 6 Narcissus Paperwhite 6 Hyacinths, in assortment 6 Tulips Due Van Tholl Maximus 6 Chionodoxa, in assortment 8 Galanthus Elwesii 50 Extra fine bulbs for growing in the house for early flowering. Total collection $1.00. \ collection 3 of each of the 8 varieties, 24 bulbs, $0.60. Collection D 6 EXHIBITION Hyacinths in 6 finest named varieties 3 White Roman Hyacinths 12 Polyanthus Narcissus, in four varieties 12 Daffodils, in 4 named varieties 15 Tulips, in 3 named varieties 30 Crocuses, in assortment 12 Snowdrops 12 Grape Hyacinths, in 2 colors 12 Chionodoxa, in assortment 1 14 Extra fine bulbs, sufficient for 24 pots, for growing in the house; all can be easily forced; they may also be successfully planted out of doors except- ing the 3 White Roman Hyacinths. Total col- lection $2.00; half the collection, 57 bulbs, for Si. 00. Th * Readers' Service will gladly furnish information about Retail Shops 280 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE July, 1915 “A trade marked article MUST be good otherwise the trade name is its own undoing. Any man selling several grades of goods, trademarks the BEST grade — -for it is SUPERIOR QUALITY that he wants the public to remember.” This is the fifth year we have sold finest grade tulips, hyacinths, daffodils and other Holland bulbs in America under the Dutch Girl trademark. Why have this Dutch Girl trademark and the trade-name “Wakru” become the standard for highest quality bulbs throughout America? Because the Wakru Girl trademark is put only on packages containing the choicest bulbs of the largest growers of high-quality bulbs in Holland — Gt. van Waveren & Kruijff. Because experts grow these bulbs, experts select the big “mother” bulbs, full of vitality, and pack them under the Wakru Girl trademark. You are surer that Wakru Bulbs are true to name and color, you are surer of a larger quantity of bigger flowers — if you get Wakru Bulbs. Because they come right to your home in the original packages into which they are put by our Holland experts. Why take chances — why delay ordering — when these “insured-against-dissatisfaction” bulbs cost no more, if bought now direct from Holland? The "Wakru” Girl These prices will interest you Per IOO Per 1000 Per 100 Per 1000 Finest Mixed Tulips $ .8S $7- 25 Parrot or Dragon Tulips Belle Alliance, brilliant red 1 -75 14.00 (see cot) $1.15 #9-75 Darwin Tulips, mixed, stem Double Daffodils — 24 to 30 inches 1.50 12.75 a specialty i-35 12.00 The Sultan, very dark, dis- Paper White Narcissus 2.25 tinctive, almost black 2.00 16.00 Dutch Roman Hyacinths i-75 & up 15.25 & up / 000 rates apply down to 250 of any one variety Write Today for Our 5th Annual Catalog Dutch Bulbs now direct from Holland. If you wait till Fall you* LI pay more and get less. Give a test order for Wakru Bulbs. Our large business has been built on furnishing “better bulbs and at right prices.” WAKRU SEED AND BULB COMPANY Sole Distributors of WAKRU Quality Bulbs Grown by GT. VAN WAVEREN & KRUIJFF Sassenheim, Holland Branches in: England , Germany , Sweden , Russia and Argentine Republic PARROT TULIPS: Upper — Cramoise Brilliant. Lower — Lu tea Major. Below — a portion of the Hyacinths fields at Sassenheim, where your bulbs are grown and packed. Like Nature’s Gentle Showers refreshing grass and tender plants, the YOUNG FOUNTAIN distributes Spray, not heavy drops that wash out the roots. The Young Fountain, with main and center sprays, has bronze nozzle highly polished. Sprays gallons a minute over an area 30 feet in diameter. Lasts a lifetime. Results are worth many times the price — $5.00. Discounts for quantity. Special discounts to dealers. Free booklet gives detailed description. Send check or money order for fountain. SPRAY ENGINEERING CO., FOUNTAIN DEPT. 93 Federal Street Boston, Mass. An Attractive Fence That Defies Rust Consider beauty, permanence and protection when selecting a fence. Let it be strong and rigid and, above all, “Rust Proof.” fences alone meet these requirements. They are made to last and cannot be pulled apart. Patent clamped joints prevent wires from slipping or twisting out of position. The finished fabric is dipped into molten zinc, which covers every particle with a thick coating of rust- resisting metal. Excelsior Rust Proof Fences withstand the most severe weather conditions, and are 1 00% value in beauty, strength and service. Ask your hardware dealer for Excelsior Rust Proof Fences, Trellises, Trellis Arches, Bed Guards and Tree Guards. Write for beautifully illustrated Catalog B. WRIGHT WIRE COMPANY, Worcester, Mass. The Readers' Service will gladly furnish information about Retail Shops V fffP r, “Consider the Lilies” - - Photographs by E.J. Wallis and others Ernest 11. Wilson The Home Fruit Garden in Summer J . R. Mattern Photographs by N- R. Graves and Fred Rutter Hanging Baskets for Porch and Window - - - Photographs by S. Leonard Bastin Accessories for Anybody’s Garden Loring and Leland Photographs by A. G. Eldredge and others Water for the Garden and Home Gco. L. Robinson Photographs by E. I. Farrington. C. H. Miller and others Practical Plans for the Home Grounds V. The Suburban Garden - - - - Ruth Dean Plan by the author PAGE 283 289 289 290 293 29s PAGE The Month’s Reminder - 296 Meetings and Exhibitions in July - 297 Baltimore Meeting of the Garden Club of America Mrs. C. Shirley Carter Hot Weather Gardening A Serious Grape Pest - 297 Garden Clubs in the United States — IV. The Ideal Federation - -- -- -- - Mary Youngs 297 J . M. Patterson 298 ■ Harold Clarke 298 SUBSCRIPTION: $1.50 a year Single copies. 15 cts. F. N. DOUBLEDAY, President HERBERT S. HOUSTON, Vice-President LEONARD BARRON, Editor S. A. EVERITT, Treasurer copyright. IQI5, by RUSSELL DOUBLEDAY, DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY Secretary Entered as second-class matter at Garden City, New York, under the Act of Congress, March 3, 1879 For Foreign Postage add 65c. For Canada add 35c. “HOW TO GROW ROSES” — a book every rose-lover should have. Con- tains 10 chapters telling about soils, planting, growing, pruning, etc. Not a catalog. Price ioc. postpaid; includes a 25c. coupon good on first $1 order. Our 1915 Rose Guide, of- fering nearly 400 varieties — the very cream of the world’s roses, FREE. Send for it today. The CONARD & Jones Co. Rose Specialist s Over so Years' Experience Box 24 West Grove, Pa. Evergreens WHEN you want some especially fine ever* greens, the kind that have been neither coddled nor forced; but possess that niuch- sought-for sturdy constitution, resulting from growing in the rugged climate ot New England; then come to 11s. No finer trees can be found anywhere, or more rea- sonably priced. Send /or catalog . n^ji' nijiiy p JMrsenvs Y ^ 672 Adams St. North Abington, Mass. Shrubs 'M’OT just the ordinary run of shrubs, but the full-rooted, sturdy topped kind, that you can depend on. As for Rhododendrons, we have an exceptional assortment of both native and imported hybrids. You will say they are surely priced consistently. ■v •SUMS. IT IS a permanent improvement that adds -*■ more than its cost to the value of the prop- erty enclosed. Nothing goes further toward giving house and grounds an atmosphere of elegance, refinement and privacy — the finishing touch to outside surroundings. Over 350 plain and ornamental designs to har- monize with any house, garden or grounds. Styles for every purpose — town houses, suburban homes, country estates, parks, cemeteries, factories, schools, churches, etc. Book of designs, upon request. Write for it, giving brief description of property. THE STEWART IRON WORKS CO. Dept. “D” Cincinnati, Ohio "The World’s Greatest Iron Fence Builders ** BOBBINK & ATKINS World’s Choicest Nursery and Greenhouse Products Grown in America Among the many attractions growing in our 300 acres of highly cultivated Nursery are large quantities of the following specialties: PAEONIES The Peony, in its early stages was respected with awe and its beauty associated with the gods. Today, after ages of persistent effort, this wonderful flower is accorded its rightful place as King of Flowers. The beauteous forms, exquisite tints and shades, and the delicate fragrance of the newer varieties defy pictures or words. As producers wo can offer with pride a notable collection, and shall be pleased to give A COMPLETE LIST ON INQUIRY. IRISES While the Peony is magnificent with its majestic glory, the elusive and harmonious colors, blending in one flower, make the Iris a special favorite. In no other flower is there such wonderful color haimony; and in form and texture the Iris out-rivals the Orchid. The various sections will grow either in water or in very dry soil. POT-CROWN STRAWBERRIES Every garden no matter how small should have a strawberry bed. It is the earliest fruit, and being very prolific, fresh fruit, with the full flavor, can be gathered continually. Our collection represents the result of many years’ trial. The above are described and priced in our Illustrated General Catalog No. 25 mailed upon request. When requesting catalog please state in what you aie interested. VISITORS are made welcome to inspect our Products, which is very important before placing orders. “WE PLAN AND PLANT GROUNDS AND GARDENS EVERYWHERE” CORRESPONDENCE INVITED Nurserymen, Florists and Planters Rutherford, New Jersey 281 T II E G A R 1) E N M A G A Z I N E J l L V , 1 i) I 5 A Happy Solution For Your Garden Watering Worries THIS ardent flower lover lives a day’s ride from New York. Perhaps you know her. If you do, you very likely already know about the Happy Solution. For those of you who don’t, here’s the story. It seems that she agreed to do all the “ ’tending garden,” provided the man of the house would keep it watered. This he agreed to do, and then promptly began looking around for a way of entirely emancipating himself from “hose holding.” He finally successfully solved the problem by spending #11.75 f°r one of our Ram Machines, and freed himself from all responsibility. His wife now turns on the faucet and the garden waters itself. Doesn’t this kind of emancipation appeal to you? Send for booklet fully describing the Rain Machine. Special Offer FOR $11.75 vve will send you one of these Com- plete Portable Lines, 50 feet long, that will water 2,500 square feet or any lesser amount you wish. Can be moved wherever desired and attached to regular hose. Simple. Durable. Nothing to get out of order. When remittance accompanies order, will prepay freight cast of Mississippi. Lawn Mist WATER falls on the grass in a fine mist, covering space 18 feet wide. Made in lengths up to 18 feet. Two lengths can be joined by flexible coup- ling. to conform to bend in walk to spray around a corner. Mounted on wheels. Easy to move. For full description and prices send for Lawn Mist Circular. The Skinner Irrigation Company NNER 219 Water Street, Troy, Ohio 'mmm _ Are as large as small oranges. This and the three other Van Fleet hybrid strawberries are marvels in size, beauty and productiveness, with the true wild strawberry flavor. They cover the whole season, from earliest till latest. Lovett’s Pot Grown Strawberry Plants Planted in summer or autumn, produce a crop of berries the following June. My booklet on Pot Grown Strawberries tells all about then) ; how to prepare the ground, and cultivate. It shows the “ Edmund Wilson " in natural size and color, and actually describes with truthful illustrations the Van PTeet hybrids and a score of other choice varieties, including the best Everbearing Strawberries. IT’S FUEL. If you would have bigger and better Strawberries than you have ever had before, plant Van Fleet Hybrids. J. T. LOVETT, Box 12S, LITTLE SILVER, N. J. For thirty-seven years a Strawberry Specialist ^illillHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHHlIllllllllllllillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllilllllllllllllllllllllllllllilllllllllliH Kir1 DREER’S nw Mid-Summer Catalogue offers the best varieties and gives directions for planting in order to raise a full crop of Strawberries next year; also offers Celery and Cabbage Plants, Seasonable Vegetable and Farm Seeds for summer sowing, Potted Plants of Roses, Hardy Perennials, and Shrubbery which may safely be set out dur- ing the summer; also a select list of seasona- ble Decorative Plants. Write for a free copy and kindly mention this publication. Henry A» Dreer Philadelphia, Pa. KRELAGE’S Darwin Tulips and all other Dutch Bulbs for fall planting offered at Raiser’s Prices by the firm who raised and intro- duced all Darwin and Rembrandt Tulip varieties and so many other valuable bulb novelties, viz.: E. H. KRELAGE & SON of Haarlem (Holland) Illustrated catalog with colored figure of Krelage’s sensational new lily flowered tulip “Siren,” free on request to J. A. deVeer, 100 William St., New York, sole agent for the U. S. C. G. van Tuber^en, Jr. Haarlem, Holland Grower of Choice Bulbs E. J. KRUG, Sole Agent 114 Broad St., New York Formerly represented by C. C. Abel & Co. Bulbs imported direct from Holland for customers. No supply kept here. Catalogue quoting prices in Nurser- ies in Haarlem — free on application. The Readers * Service udll give information about the latest automobile accessories The Carden Magazine “CONSIDER THE LILIES”* By Ernest H. Wilson, Arboretum [Editors’ Note. — This is the second article in the series that Mr. Wilson, the world-famed plant collector, is writing for The Garden Magazine. Each article deals with one special subject, and is complete in itself. Mr. Wilson is both a practical plant grower and a botanist, and is eminently qualified to speak authoritatively. In this article he explains some of the mysteries that have hitherto surrounded our efforts at Lily culture and clearly outlines the road to success .] IN A recipe for jugged Hare some one once made the sage remark “ first catch your Hare! ” This aphorism is sound, and apropos of growing Lilies it may be altered to “first secure healthy bulbs.” In the matter of the hare every epicure cannot go forth with dog and gun and hunt his game; neither can every lover of the Lily journey forth to distant regions and dig a stock of bulbs. Both, perforce, must resort to the dealer and depend upon his knowledge and honesty, or on their own judgment. As one who has hunted the Lily on cliff and dale, on mountain-slope and alpine moorland, and through woodland and swamp in many remote parts of China and the Thibetan border- land, and from the extreme south of Japan northward through that pretty country to Saghalien and the lonely shores of the Okhotsk Sea, I propose here to consider, cursorily, how Lilies grow. No class of herbs is more widely known nor more highly appreciated, on no class of plants is more money annually spent (I had almost written wasted), and with no class of flowers do amateurs succeed less. The Lily growers who have achieved outstanding success can be counted on one’s fingers, and nurserymen have failed as com- pletely as have amateurs. Some species, like the Tiger Lily ( L . tigrinum ), succeed almost every- where and often under the most un- favorable conditions. Others, like the Madonna Lily ( L . candidum), thrive amazingly in unexpected places where they receive no thought nor attention. The Ma- donna Lily is the glory and pride of many a cottager’s garden in the south of England yet often on the “squire’s estate” nearby neither skill nor care can induce it to happily make itself at home. David Harum opined that “a reasonable amount of fleas is good for a dog — they keep him from brooding on being a dog.” How far the Lily enthusiast can apply this philosophy to his own particular troubles depends upon the individual and is very much a moot point. However, a good many of these troubles are directly or indirectly of his own seeking although he may be quite unconscious of the fact. It would be absurdly fallacious to contend that with knowledge and care every Lily-lover can successfully cultivate any kind of Lily that pleased his fancy, but knowledge and care will teach what par- ticular kinds can successfully be grown and in time convince the enthusiast that he must be content with a limited number. Such knowledge may be of slow growth and painfully acquired but such we value most. Now, in passing, let us devote a few moments to considering the noblest of all the Lilies — L. auratum — the “Golden-rayed Lily of Japan.” How many millions of bulbs of this Lily have been imported, how many thousands of purchasers have been disappointed, how many letters pro- testing or seeking advice have been penned? This wonderful Lily flow- ered first in this country in 1862, in the garden of Francis Parkman, the historian, at Brookline, Mass., hav- ing been received from Japan through Mr. Gordon Dexter. In July, 1862, it flowered in England for the first time in Europe, with Messrs. Veitch, from bulbs received from Japan through their collector, John Gould Veitch. The Japanese eat the bulbs of Lilium auratum and several other species, but for its beauty they do not esteem it or any other true Lily — they never did. But in due time, after intercourse was established between Japan and western nations, largely through the vigorous action in 1853—54, of Commodore Perry of the U. S. Navy, the Japanese dis- covered that Lily bulbs could be sold for much money, so they began ransacking their country in quest of these bulbs. In those early days we are told the Yama-yuri, or Mountain Lily (. L . auratum), grew abundantly in the volcanic ash and detritus which form the slopes of sacred Where Mr. Wilson discovered the Regal Lily. A Sifan hamlet, in the valley of the Min River. 7,200 ft. elevation 383 'Copyright 1915, by Doubleday, Page & Co. 2S4 T H E G A R D E N M A G A Z I N E July, 1915 and sublime Mount Fuji. To-day it still grows there but in decreasing numbers; yet it is even now the most common wild Lily in Japan. In the volcanic deposits throughout the province of Idzu it is abundant and near by on the small island of Oshima, whose central part is an ever active vol- cano, grows in quantity the broad-leaved auratum (L. auratum var. platyphyllum). Now for western markets dealers de- mand Lily-bulbs of certain sizes. After a few years the Japanese discovered that the supply of wild bulbs meeting the necessary requirements was virtually exhausted, but they quickly found that in rich, moist farm land, in one or at most two years, they could grow the small bulbs culled from the mount- ain slopes and moorlands into large saleable bulbs and, incidentally, that the larger the bulb the higher its market value. Then began in Japan the growing of Lily-bulbs for the western markets and here commenced the troubles of would-be cultivators in the Occident of Lilium auratum. In books on Lilies one reads “ Lilium auratum grows in porous, open soil largely composed of volcanic detritus overlaid by a deep carpet of woodland soil.” The first part of this statement is true but the “deep carpet of woodland soil” is pure fiction. In Japan there is much poor and hungry soil but none more so than the slopes of august Fuji and the volcanic deposits of the Idzu province. Around Matsushima, a beauty spot in northern Japan, I saw this Lily wild in quantity growing among coarse grass and shrubs on low hills and hillocks of pure, gray sandstone. In western Japan, in the province of Uzen I also met with it growing wild on gravelly banks and hillsides among small shrubs and coarse grasses. It is the open, porous soil and not the rich humus that this Lily luxuriates in. Leaf soil it loves in common with all Lilies, but it wants no unaerated acid peat and it loathes raw nitrogenous manures. True, bulbs transferred from their natural haunts to fields and cultivated like potatoes increase rapidly in size but the constitution of the plant is undermined and it becomes a prey to fungoid diseases. There is a min- imum size to every kind of Lily bulb below which it cannot produce strong, flowering stems. This size A stem-rooting Lily, which illustrates the wisdom of deeply planting the bulb varies according to the particular species but in every case a firm, solid bulb of moderate size will be found more healthy and will give results more satisfactory than a large, loose, and flabby bulb. Purchasers who make mere size their standard of value often defeat the object they have most closely in view. I examined some bulbs of those wild L. auratum aforementioned and found them only about a couple of inches in diameter though they bore heads of three to six flowers and, also, were absolutely free of any sign of disease. Later, I asked one of the largest and perhaps the best informed Japanese grower of Lilies why he did not dig and sell these wild bulbs since they were so healthy and vigorous. With a smile he answered “My dear sir, I tried it once and found that neither in Europe nor America could a purchaser be found for bulbs so small!” Of the genus Lilium, to which all true Lil- ies belong, about eighty species are known. All are confined to the waste places of the northern Hemisphere and more than half of them are indigenous to China and Japan. The genus ranges through the temperate and subtropic regions from eastern North America to California and through eastern Asia, the Himalayas and Siberia to the extreme limits of western Europe. It is absent from the plains of the middle-west of North America and from central Asia, and there are other considerable gaps in the field of distribution. Two species are found within and confined to the tropics, viz., L. philippinense in the Philippine Islands, and L. neilgherrense on the Neil- gherry Hills in southern India. In this wide domain species of Lilium are found under diverse conditions and a moment’s reflection should convince us of the futility of attempting to cultivate in any one garden all the species obtainable. Botanists, chiefly on the shape of the flowers, divide Lilies into five groups, viz. — I. Flowers strongly recurved and sug- gestive of a Turk’s cap, a familiar example being the Tiger Lily (L. tigrinum). II. Flowers large and funnel-shaped as in the common Easter Lily (L. longiflorum) . III. Flowers like a saucer or shallow basin as in the Golden-rayed Lily of Japan (L. auratum ). IV. Flowers erect as in the Umbellate Lily ( L . umbellatum) . V. Leaves broad and heart-shaped as in the Giant Lily ( L . giganteum). For horticultural purposes a much more simple classification may be invoked. For gardens in cool temperate regions Lilies may be divided into two broad groups: I. Hardy Lilies of which L. tigrinum, L. regale and L. Henryi serve as examples. II. Not Hardy, of which may be cited L. longiflorum, L. sulphureum and L. nepalense. Again, they may be divided into Swamp Lilies which would include nearly all the American species, and Dry-land Lilies which would include most of the species of China and Japan. With almost equal propriety these groups might be styled humus-loving and loam-loving respectively. Also, we might divide Lilies into shade- loving kinds as for example, L. giganteum, and sun-loving such as L. regale. But, not to waste time needlessly, it may be laid, down as a law that in the average garden situated in the temperate parts of North America, only such species of Lily that are perfectly hardy, will withstand sun and call for moderately dry land have any chance of becoming successful denizens. For such gardens swamp Lilies, woodland Lilies, and alpine Lilies, with a few exceptions, may be ruled out entirely. Most species of Lilies detest lime; to many it is a deadly poison; to none, insofar as we know, is lime essential; but some, like L. can- didum, L. martagon and L. testaceum are ap- parently indifferent to its presence in the soil. All Lilies demand good drainage. When one thinks of swamp Lilies this statement may sound unscientific. But dig up a few of these Lilies and note carefully the exact conditions under which they grow. It will be found that the bulb rests on a stone or a piece of rock, or in a tuft of firm sod, or nestles in gritty sand. The roots are in wet mud or may even hang free in the water but the bulb is so placed that water cannot stagnate immediately under and around it and in winter it is fairly dry. A few swamp Lilies like the native L. superbum and the Panther Lily of Cali- fornia ( L . pardalinum) may be grown with- out difficulty among Rhododendrons; but for those requiring more moisture, if their culture be attempted, it is a good plan to invert a flower-pot at the requisite depth, place the bulb on the upturned base and surround it with silver or gritty river-sand. Sun-loving Lilies, although the upper part of their stems are fully exposed and their blossoms flaunt in the sun, really require a certain amount of protection from the direct rays in the early stages of their growth. Lilies are not desert plants and the most sun- loving among them are never found in areas where no other plant grows. True, some of them are denizens of semi-arid regions but they are ever associated with grasses or twiggy shrubs, among and through which their young shoots are upthrust and which break the sun’s direct rays. Some species like The Regal Lily, L. regale (better known under the erroneous name of Mrs. Thayer’s Lily one of the newest introductions, well adapted to our gardens T H E G A R I) E X M A G A Z I N E 285 The Regal Lily, pure white with glowing yellow throat, is a welcome addition to our hardy plants L. myriophyllum), can withstand much desiccation but these in a natural state have their foil of herbs and scrub. Journey in thought with me, for a moment or two, westward until west becomes east although we still chase the setting sun. Across this continent, across that broad ocean, misnamed “Pacific,” to Shanghai the gate of Far Cathay; onward and west- ward up the mighty Yangtsze River for eighteen hundred miles, then northward, up its tributary the Min, some two hundred and fifty miles to the confines of mysterious Thibet; to that little-known hinterland which separates China proper from the hierarchy of Lliassa; to a wild and mount- ainous country peopled mainly by strange tribesfolk of unknown origin; to a land where Lamaism, Buddhism, and Phallism strive for mastery of men’s souls; to a region where mighty empires meet. There in narrow semi-arid valleys down which thunder torrents, and encompassed by mountains composed of mudshales and granites whose peaks are clothed with snow eternal, the Regal Lily has its home. In summer the heat is terrific, in winter the cold is intense, and at all seasons these valleys are subject to sudden and violent windstorms against which neither man nor beast can make headway. There, in June, by the wayside, in rock-crevices by the torrent’s edge, and high up on the mountain- side and precipice this Lily in full bloom greets the weary wayfarer. Not in twos and threes but in hundreds, in thousands, aye, in tens of thousands. Its slender stems, each two to four feet tall, flexible and tense as steel, overtopping the coarse grass and scrub and crowned with one to several large, funnel-shaped flowers more or less wine-colored without, pure white and lustrous on the face, clear canary -yellow within the tube and each stamen tipped with a golden anther. The air in the cool of the morning and in the evening is laden with soft delicious perfume exhaled from each bloom. For a brief season this lonely, semi-desert region is transformed by this Lily into a veritable fairyland. Since we have, figuratively, traveled so far to see one Lily in its home surroundings, let us in the same manner journey a hundred miles or so further and to the southwest, and there, in valleys clothed with coarse grasses and low shrubs and under con- ditions but little less severe to the preceding and in equal abundance, we find Mrs. Charles S. Sargent’s Lily ( L . Sargentiae) reigning supreme. Westward some few miles and on the margin of shrubberies at eight thousand feet above sea-level and on the very edge of the Thibetan grasslands grows Mrs. Bayard Thayer’s Lily (L. Thayerae). There are other Lilies which we have not time to consider but on our home- The Golden-rayed Lily of Japan can be grown successfully if its habits are studied — it dislikes a peaty soil ward journey let us pause for a moment in the geographical heart of China, in the region of the famous Yangtsze Gorges, and visit the haunt of the Orange-flowered Speciosum ( L . Henryi ). Inland a few miles from the riverine city of Ichang, on formations of conglomerate and carboni- ferous limestones, at the edge of woods and among tall shrubs we find here a few and there many of Henry’s charming Lily. From these distant regions came the bulbs of these Lilies and I count it a privilege to have been the fortunate discoverer of two, the introducer of three, and the medium through which the fourth ( L . Henryi ) first became common in cultivation. I could tell of others equally beautiful were any good purpose to be served and I mention these four not for personal reasons but to direct attention to the conditions under which they grow wild and to emphasize that, though sun-loving and capable of withstanding much desiccation both from the action of sun and frost, they grow naturally among protective herbs and shrubs. These herbs and shrubs afford protection in two ways: In spring they screen from the sun’s direct rays the young flower-stem of the Lily after it emerges from mother earth; in the autumn the fallen leaves of the shrubs and the dying culms of the herbs form a protective mulch which as it decays becomes a nourishing food. This brief sketch of the conditions under Mrs. Sargent’s Lily is one of Mr. Wilson’s discoveries. Flowers white, appearing just after the Regal Lily which certain Lilies grow wild enables us to deduce certain facts of cultural importance. In the first place, Lilies should be planted among dwarf shrubs such for example, as Lavender, wild Roses, Deutzias, Indigo- feras, Lespedezas, Comptonia, Vacciniums, Ericas, Calluna, native Azaleas, Rhododen- drons and, where climate admits, shrubby Veronicas, Olearias, etc. Now planting Lilies among shrubs is no new idea; twenty-five years or more ago it came into vogue. Someone achieved great success through planting Lilies among Rho- dodendrons and the cry went forth that this was the solution of the Lily grower’s troubles — plant Lilies among Rhododendrons. It is quite true that a number of species like L. pardalinum, L. superbum , L. speci- osum, L. Hansonii (and I have also seen L. auratum) do well under such conditions. Also it is true that Rhododendrons require peat and here is the rub. All Lilies love leafsoil but a great many detest peat. I have seen L. Henryi grow ten feet tall in loam and leafsoil and continue to thrive for many years. I have seen this Lily disappear completely in two seasons when planted in pure peat. Plant Lilies among shrubs, but let the class of shrubs depend upon whether the particular species of Lily loves loam or humus. For my own part I would keep away from peat except for swamp Lilies and use fibrous loam, sand, and leafsoil, the latter in increasing proportion as to species that grow naturally in fairly open country, thickets or woods. Another and very obvious deduction is the importance of mulching. In every garden much ground is bare of vegetation and fully exposed to the sun and elements. In spring as the frost disappears, an in- spection will show that this ground is fissured and furrowed in many directions and any kind of bulb which had been planted in such bare soil is often more or less exposed. This may be avoided and much benefit bestowed on all bulbs by 286 T H E G A R D E N M A G A Z I N E July, 1915 covering them in autumn with a mulch of rotted leaves or exhausted manure. Strictly speaking, a bulb is a bud just as much so as the winter-bud of a Hickory or Horse-chestnut, but with this difference: its scales are fleshy storehouses of starch and other food reserves instead of merely dry and chaffy protective scales, and roots are emitted from the base. These basal roots anchor the bulb and supply it with water and certain food salts. If we ex- amine Lilies like L. Henryi, L. auratum and L. regale we find that the underground part of the flowering stem bears masses of roots. These help to feed the growing stem and prevent undue exhaustion of the bulb. After flowering this root system assists in the rehabilitation of the bulb. Roots emitted from the stem above the ground quickly perish. An appreciation of these facts shows the necessity of deep-planting. The bulbs of all stem-rooting Lilies (and the majority are such) should be planted twice their own depth down. That is to say, a bulb three inches high should have six inches of soil covering it and so on in pro- portion. The importance of deep planting is not sufficiently understood but go and dig up a few Lily bulbs from their native haunts and it will be found they are usually deeper down than twice their height. The majority ofLilies are at rest, or nearly so, during the winter months but all kinds benefit from planting as early in the fall as is possible. The Madonna Lily ( L . candidum) is an exception in several wavs. In the first place it resents moving. When this has to be done it should be undertaken not later than six weeks after flowering as the resting period of this Lilv is unusually short. Again, it should be noted that this Lilv has a mass of broad basal leaves independent of the flowering stem and it is these leaves with the assistance of the roots that build up the bulb. This Lily should have the top of its bulb only just covered with soil. It pre- fers rather stiff loam in a situation fully exposed to the sun but it will glow in dry and hungry limestone soils. Bulbs grown in the south of England are the best though the majority of dealers still insist that French-grown bulbs are superior. From this cursory consideration of the conditions in which Lilies grow wild in various parts of the world a few facts of cardinal importance to the Lily lover may be deduced. In the first place since Lilies inhabit the waste places of the Northern Hemisphere it is obvious that they are unaccustomed to rich food. For this reason even stable manure should not be used in their culture and artificial fertilizers are ab- solutely inimical. All Lilies grow naturally in places where each autumn they receive a mulch of fallen leaves. Leafsoil and not manure is the requisite essential. Nearly all grow in well-drained situations and good drainage is absolutely necessary to ensure success. Lilies of the swamp, woodland, and alpine meadow are with rare exceptions difficult to cultivate. Those which grow among shrubs and herbs more or less ex- posed to the sun are less exacting and in this class is found the majority of the sorts amenable to cultivation in ordinary gardens. It is not possible to lay down any hard and fast rules, but good sound bulbs and a common-sense attention to a few elemen- tary details are the essentials. Several kinds of Lilies present no more difficulties under cultivation than do Narcissi and Tulips; nevertheless in most gardens to maintain Lilies in good health new soil or removal to a new site is necessary every few years. Among the following baker’s dozen and make-weight will be found Lilies which will thrive and give satisfaction in any and every garden in temperate climes with the sine qua non that sound bulbs only be planted: L. tigrinum, L. umbellatum L. Hansonii, L. pardalinum, L. superbum, L. candidum, L. croceum, L. Henryi, L. regale, L. Sargentiae, L. auratum, L. speciosum, L. testaceum and L. Thayer ae. [Note: The next article of this series to appear in August will be on “Midseason Flowering Trees and Shrubs.”]. The Home Fruit Garden in Summer — By J. R. Mattern il? WHAT TO DO IN FERTILIZING, PRUNING, AND GENERAL CARE TO ENSURE BIG CROPS It pays to feed the fruit trees. From left to right No. 1 nitrate of soda 30 lbs. No. 2 nitrate of soda 20 lbs.; No. 3 none! IN OUR preceding article it was explained how to protect your trees and plants from nearly all enemies that might attack them. But having them healthy and ready to grow is only part of the game. They must be fed, and must be shown how to grow, and how not to. CULTIVATION OR TILLAGE Peaches, dwarf pears, straw- berries (in their first year) and grapes must be given tillage. Apples, pears, plums, cherries, currants, gooseberries, raspberries, and blackberries may be cultivated (and should be for the best results), but they can be handled very satisfactorily with little cultivation if they are mulched properly. To set free the greatest amount of plant food, mix and make fine the soil as deeply as possible. Open it up so air and water can penetrate. Keep a sufficient supply of moisture present, and get vegetable matter into the ground deeply. To hold moisture make the ground loose enough so water can penetrate in quantities, and fine enough so water may be held in quantity sufficient. Water that plants can use is held in the ground by capillarity — in the form of moisture films surrounding soil particles. It is not held between soil particles. In case there is no rain for several weeks the surface should be worked every ten days anyhow. The cultivation for this purpose should be no more than two or three inches deep. Use a horse if you can. If you can not, then use a wheel hoe, or a hand hoe. For the deep tillage in the spring a two-horse plow is best. All fruits do best on a deep soil over an open subsoil that will allow perfect drainage. That is why dyna- miting garden ground is so effective. It produces deep topsoil and open subsoil. Don’t cultivate your fruit garden from a week before until a couple of weeks after it blooms. Cultiva- tion in the spring for bearing strawberry beds is a delusion and a snare. Avoid it. If you wish to cut down the amount of work re- quired, you may mulch your apple trees, and your cherries, currants, gooseberries and all the other ber- ries except the strawberries. They must be mulched the year they bear. MULCHING There are two kinds of mulch that may be used in home fruit gardens. One is the dust mulch, already explained. The other, and the one commonly meant by the term “mulch,” is made of hay, grass, straw, or other vegetable material. The chief purpose of a mulch is to conserve moisture, though a vegetable mulch supplies plant food to the soil as it decays, and keeps down weeds. The best material for such a mulch is timothy or salt hay. Cut corn fodder is good, also buckwheat hulls. Use the material that you can get nearest home and the cheapest. Maple and ash leaves are excellent. Oak leaves contain too much July, 1915 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 287 The average fruit tree in the suburban garden is not usually as thrifty as this, simply because it is not cared for acid. Coal ashes is sometimes used for a mulch, but it contains little or no plant food. It always is better to use hay or grass or some- thing like that in a garden. Wood ashes should be used as a fertilizer and not as a mulch. As soon as your pear trees are planted, loosen and fine the surface, and spread six to eight inches of mulch material for several feet about the trees, and over the entire surface between the trees if possible. It is better to keep the material sLx or eight inches away from the trunks themselves. The other fruits men- tioned as succeeding under mulch conditions may be treated the same way, but usually it is best to culti- vate the ground about them for three or four weeks each season, then cover it with the mulch the rest of the year. Or you may mulch for one or two years, then cultivate for one or two years. Aim to keep every foot of your garden surface either cultivated or covered with a good thick mulch. Raspberries and blackberries do particularly well under proper mulch conditions. They even seem to grow finer fruit when mulched than when cultivated. In mountain sections mulched apples do just as well as cultivated apples, but in lowland sections apples should be cultivated. Some growers prefer to put on twelve to eighteen inches of the mulching material. Any depth more than six inches will con- serve the moisture perfectly, and will bring about soil conditions under which the trees will thrive. The faster the mulch rots, the better. It can be forked about to suit your convenience. If left at the same place all the time very little additional material each year will keep up the supply. PRUNING AND TRAINING Teach your trees where to grow and where not to, by restraining some buds and twigs and branches and by encouraging others. Only by doing this can you get the maxi- mum growth and size and bearing capacity. If trees are not watched they revert to nature’s ways of growing, and these ways are not good ways for making the greatest yields of flawless fruit, or even enough growth of tree. Only one bud in forty that grows ever gets a chance to make a limb or a fruit. You must pick out that one. The best way of pruning is to watch the trees as they grow. Go over them once a month or oftener through the entire growing season. Pinch off tips and buds that try to grow in the wrong places. This will direct the growth into the limbs and buds you want to develop. If you do this your trees will have the maximum amount of bearing wood and you will have no general prun- ing to do. I prefer to keep going over my young fruit trees and plants from the time they start growth in the spring until in July or August, rather than prune them in the winter, be- cause during the period of growth the wounds heal quicker, the strength of the tree is diverted into the limbs and spurs I want developed (when- ever I pinch a tip off another limb) and then at that time I can see just how thick the top is because the leaves are on. Winter pruning is done in commercial orchards be- cause there the pruning job takes a lot of work, and winter is the time when other work is slack. No such reasons apply to gardens. Always have a system to your pinching of tips and pruning — some- thing to work to. Here is my sys- tem. First of all, I know what I want. It is a big lot of bearing wood and lots of fruit spurs, good, regular, healthy growth, and quick, heavy bearing of flawless fruit. To get these things it is necessary that I keep open the heads of my little trees and let in the light. I build the heads or direct the growth of the proper frame-limbs, so that they will be open rightly, and will support the heavy crops of fruit I hope to get. I head back the trees just enough to give stockiness and vigor to the trees, bearing in mind the modifications necessary because of the nature of the variety, the fruit, and whether the tree is a standard or dwarf. Then I do all my pruning with the idea of developing fruit spurs. When cutting off a branch or limb on a young tree, I seldom cut close to the parent limb, but leave a stub two to six inches long. This nearly always The man who owns this “orchard” is convinced that fruit growing is a thing of the past. He says that for “some years now an orchard hasn't paid” But look at this orchard which immediately adjoins the one shown on the left. Anyone can see why its owner says it pays to “run" an orchard 288 T II E G A R D E N M A G A Z I N E July, 1915 develops into a fruit spur, and it always carries a lot of leaves that are of great value to growing trees. Finally, I do as little pruning as possible, and do that little with a pair of small pruners or scissors, or my finger nails, nipping buds. A low, open head is con- sidered to be best for apples, pears, plums, cherries, and peaches. To get this, the usual method is to select three or four or five, preferably three, frame limbs when the tree makes its first year’s growth, and cut back to stubs the rest of the limbs that the tree has made. The second year allow two branches to grow on each one of these three main frame limbs. The third year allow each of these branches to grow two more branches. Keep this up until the head of the tree is thoroughly estab- lished. Don’t allow the limbs on one branch to start out opposite one another, and as far as possible cut back the tips, when you do that at all, to a bud growing in the direction you want the new branch at that place to grow. Some varieties naturally are very upright growers and do not take kindly to this system of training. For them a centre leader system is best. Let the centre shoot grow right on up, heading it back somewhat each year, and every ten inches let it send out a branch. If possible have these branches come out quartering from one another, in a rising spiral about the trunk. I prefer to head back the frame limbs as little as possible. An exception to this is all dwarf trees and all peaches which must be headed back half to two thirds of their season’s growth. Heading back should be done in the winter. Pruning is a big sub- ject, on which you profitably can spend a lot of study. Here there is room for sug- gestions only. Grapes must be pruned in the winter. The summer pruning of raspberries and blackberries consists of pinching or cutting off the tips of branches and of all shoots more than two feet high, to cause a stocky growth and to make them throw out more fruiting wood or fruit spurs. Then, as soon as the crop of fruit is harvested, cutout all the old canes that have borne. With strawberries, after the first set of runners have rooted and have made enough plants for your hedge-row or your matted row, as you select, cut of or prune off all the other runners that form. Also cut off all the blossoms that come the first season. This, of course, refers to the old style or June bearing strawberries. Fall-bearing, or Everbearing, strawberries, require to have all the blossoms picked off up to within three weeks of the time you want ripe berries. This means, usually, to pick them off up till about the first of August. FEEDING TREES In your garden you can afford to feed your trees and plants about all they can stand. Some of this food may be given in the form of manure. But unless the supply of manure is very near and cheap, you will find that commercial fertilizer plus cover crops, mulches and tillage will be a more satisfactory source of the necessary plant food in your garden. Your soil — every soil, in fact — is made up largely of potash and phosphorus. Most of this plant food, however, is in an unavailable or insoluble form at the present time. The mechanical operation of admitting air into the ground and of draining away surplus water produces quite as marked effects as a liberal dressing of fertilizer. The good part about it is that there never will be any end to this response if other soil treatment is right. Besides potash and phosphorus, the one other important plant food is nitrogen. These three plant foods have to be present in your soil, and present in an available or soluble condition, before plants can make good growth. As a chain is no stronger than its weakest link, so the plant food in the soil, as far as growth is concerned, is there in no greater abundance than the quantity of the least present element. If there is an excess of one, for illustration, nitrogen, and a lack of another, say of potash, the excess nitro- gen merely will go to waste while the plants and trees starve for the potash. About the only reliable way of determining how much of each kind of plant food is in your soil and what is lacking that should be supplied, is to observe the growth made by the trees and plants. Chemical analysis of soil is a poor guide. The elements usually short in young orchards and gardens are nitrogen and phosphorus — principally the former. In old orchards nitrogen and potash are the foods most often needed. Give your garden thorough cultivation and thereby release or make available quantities of potash and phosphorus in the soil itself, grow cover crops and get as much nitrogen as you can from the air, then observe the growth made and apply the remaining plant food needed, in the form of commercial fertilizers. USING COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS The best commercial source of nitrogen is nitrate of soda. Apply this at the rate of eight to sixteen ounces a square rod. You may be prevailed upon by fertilizer dealers to use what they call a complete phosphate. In that case buy only high grade goods, rich in potash and phosphorus. Its analysis should be something like 4 per cent, nitrogen, 12 per cent, potash, and 12 per cent, phosphorus. Apply it at the rate of five pounds a square rod. The best commercial form in which you can buy potash is muriate of potash. Apply this usually at the rate of one to two pounds a square rod. If your garden is an old one, and you have reason to believe that it lacks potash markedly, apply six pounds to the square rod. Kainit is another form of potash that should be ap- plied in ordinary gardens at the rate of three pounds to the rod. Wood ashes that have been kept dry may be applied also at the rate of twelve quarts to the square rod. They are a good source of potash. Phosphorus or phosphoric acid will come to you in the form of South Carolina rock, ground bone and Thomas slag. The ground or dissolved rock should be applied at the rate of two to three pounds a rod, the bone at the rate of about four pounds a rod, and the Thomas slag at the rate of two to three pounds a rod. These amounts are average or light applications. You often can go a great deal heavier than the amounts stated, with profit, but you should study the matter well, and know just exactly what you are doing before you start. Knowing thoroughly the needs of your garden and knowing the fertilizers will prevent wasting money and possible damage to trees and plants by the use of too much fertilizer. Never apply nitrogen to trees when they are in bloom or just before. To do so may cause the young fruit to drop. Straw- berries may be fertilized with nitrate of soda, one pound to a hundred feet of row. Or a complete fertilizer may be used on them, such as the one mentioned, at the rate of twelve quarts to the hundred feet of row. Once a year is enough to apply any or all of these fertilizers mentioned, except in the case of strawberries, when two or three applications during a season may be made. Apply all fertilizers by spreading them on the surface of the ground or mulch during May or June. Your garden will need lime. Supply this at the rate of six quarts to the square rod, once a year for two or three years, then once every three or four years. COVER CROPS FOR HUMUS Also, to make any plant food available, so roots can take it up, the soil must contain organic matter. You can supply a certain amount of this from the mulch, and from manure, etc. ; but by far your best way of getting sufficient quantity of it into the soil will be by means of cover crops. These crops are exactly the same for your garden as are used in large commercial orchards. The best plant of all for a garden cover crop is crimson clover. This is an entire success south of the climatic line of Trenton, N. J., and should be used whenever the soil is fine enough to get it to catch. North of this line it succeeds only under favorable conditions, and other crops may be better because they are more reliable. Sow about one and three fifth ounces of seed to the square rod. Vetch is the next best legume. It is hardy anywhere, North or South. Sow two fifths of a pint of seed to the rod. Cow- peas, Canada peas and field beans also are legumes, and are excellent cover crop plants. Sow one pint of cow-peas to the rod, one half to one pint of Canada peas, and three fourths to one pint of field beans. If your soil seems to be full of nitrogen, and trees and plants make an excess growth, it may be well to sow a non-leguminous cover crop. Rve probably will be your best one. Sow a pint to the rod. Turnips is another such crop you might use. Sow one half ounce of seed to the square rod. Do your regular cultivating, or mulching, all summer, up till July or August. Hanging Baskets for Porch and Window GROWING PLANTS IN BASKETS OFFERS AN EASY MEANS OF PROVIDING DECORATIONS FOR THE SUM- MER PORCH AND THEY CAN BE TAKEN CARE OF OVER WINTER IN THE INDOOR WINDOW GARDEN MANY kinds of baskets are avail- able, but in a general way the more simple these are the better. In the case of most a plainly designed basket of galvanized wire is un- obtrusive and lasting. Those made of split wood are useful for ferns because they do not become dry so rapidly. Sometimes wickerwork baskets can be pressed into service, and one may say that anything that will hold soil and hang together could be employed. In planting the baskets several points should be closely observed. First of all the soil is a matter of importance; this should be prepared according to the plants which are to be grown. It is well to make the soil a little heavier than is indicated in all cases by adding a larger amount of loam to the mixture. Of course the drainage in a hanging basket is always very free and a relative heaviness in the soil, such as might be secured by the ad- dition of good loam, is an advantage. To keep the soil in the basket it is well to line the inside of the receptacle with moss or a piece of coarse sacking. If the basket is to be hung in partial shade a prettier way is to use handfuls of such a plant as club moss (Selagi- nella) or some other dainty creeper. This will, in a week or so, completely cover the outside of the basket. Press the soil firmly in order to avoid the formation of any air holes. In putting in the actual plants place the taller growing to the centre of the basket. The smaller sorts, and It is impossible to do more than indicate a few subjects worth trying. A few special favorites are the Ivy Leaved Geraniums, Marguerites, Fuchsias, Lobelias and many of the creeping Campanulas, such as C. isophylla. The Nasturtiums are also very useful and the variegated Zebrina pendula is splendid for working in with flowering subjects. Some very pretty baskets may be formed by combining several kinds of plants. Thus, Geraniums, Marguerites, and Lobelias would look very attractive. Of course the number of plants accommo- dated depends entirely upon the space available, but the subjects should not be unduly crowded at the start. Several creeping wild plants, such as the Blue Linaria ( L . canadensis), the common small Field Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis),or with a good-sized basket the great Bindweed (C. sepium), are very attractive subjects, and when grown in this way few people would recognize them as troublesome weeds. Use strong growing, well - established specimens, and, even with annuals, trans- plant. The Boston fern in its many varieties will afford plenty of material for porch baskets. Ferns suitable for baskets include many species and varieties which may usu- ally be purchased of the retail florist who makes a feature of filling fern dishes, etc. The larger plant growers list in their catalogues many suitable plants that can be had in pots to be transplanted at any time. Before putting in the soil, line the inside of the basket with moss Creeping plants should be put near the rim of the basket, the higher growing things in the centre A suggestion for a shady corner of the piazza. Ferns from the woods those which will ramble over the sides of the basket, are to be inserted right on the edge. Press down each plant well, and when each basket is finished put into a cool shady position for at least four days. Many of the plants will die if the baskets are at once hung up in the sunshine. When the plants are established the baskets may be sus- pended in their permanent position. From thenceforward watering is an important matter which must receive regular atten- tion. The best plan is to dip each basket into a bucket of water for a few minutes, making this a daily practice. Syringing overhead will also be very much appre- ciated. To keep the plants in flower pick off the dead blossoms as fast as they appear. After about the middle of the summer the plants may show signs of flagging a little. At this season an application of weak fer- tilizer solution, such as guano water once a week, will prove very helpful. Unless the baskets are in a very open situation it is a good plan to turn them round every few days so that all sides receive an equal amount of sunshine. Fuchsias and lobelias give a long succession of bloom and will also endure shade 289 ja The sundial is a much over- done "ornament” and elabo- rate kinds do not fit well into the American garden art Accessories for Anybody’s Garden By Loring and Leland Boston, M ass. The wooden seat is adaptable to any garden and may be made in rough cedar or well trimmed wood in Colonial style, with high back and solid curved arms; best painted a decorous white. A bird house is shown on the left i ‘ ■ . r„.j , ^ The gazing globe of crystal glass has the association of historical sentiment in the garden and fits formality Character and cost, or cost and character, are the two fea- tures the garden owner should consider after his planting has been laid out and the architectural acces- sories are to be installed. At first glance it would seem that there must be an un- limited opportunity for the creative imagin- ation, but custom has a firmer hold here even than in the design of men’s clothes, and convention is all powerful. Let us consider a small tract of land next the “every day” house, and remember that elaborate features are neither practicable nor in keeping. We are not working on an Italian Villa, a French Chateau, nor an English Palace, but for an American Home, so let us rely on common sense and not habit. A little clear thinking often leads to more artistic and original results than blindly following a fashion used, say, by a Roman in his Pompeian patio, and the most charming effects obtained from garden furniture are usually the least noticeable and seem to have grown spontaneously with the flowers and shrubs. A collection of flower beds and walks should be made into a “com- position,” that is its centre of in- terest may well be marked by a simple fountain, if water is avail- able, for the sound and glitter of a jet, and the reflection of a pool enhance their surroundings. A simple basin may be made from concrete and decorated by the in- sertion of colored tiles which should be of one tint and without hard and sharp edges. The surface of the cement should be carefully con- sidered, both for texture, which may vary from rough and lumpy “ spatter work ” to a smooth sanded finish, and for color; many attrac- tive clear, soft, shades are specially manufactured for this material and can be obtained in powdered form ready for mixing. Whether the fountain is home made or constructed by some artificial stone moulder, its composition may include marble dust or other “aggregate” to ob- tain the effect of marble, granite or lime- stone. Ordinary tile brick can often be used effectively for an inlaid pattern in fountain or well-head construction. In fact brick can often be used very effectively in the garden. Making use of an old stone capital for a bird bath. Its hollowed basin is filled to give about 1| inches of water. Planted with German iris, Japan iris and cardi- nal flower. Reproductions of old capitals are to be had If a supply of running water is out of the question, the bird bath may be considered; that is a shallow bowl filled by hand, when the rainfall is not sufficient. Such features to be popular with the birds should not have the exposed situation that a larger fountain would adorn, for the winged visitors want privacy and protection if they are to feel really at home. An im- portant practical detail to remember, is that the inside surface of the bath must not be slippery, but sufficiently rough to afford a good footing and it is preferable that there be varying depths. Individual shallow saucer-like bird baths are easily purchased and are made in a variety of really attrac- tive designs of a simple nature so that they are ornamental and interesting of them- selves. An old stone capital taken from a column hollowed out and partially filled with pebbles to form a bath can be used- — filling is essen- tial as the water must not be deep. Copies of old capitals may be obtained from many dealers in cast stone and neatly placed among semi-aquatic plants, for example, iris, make a definite picture in- the garden scheme. A large jar may well replace the fountain as the “focal point” among the flower beds, and build up the composition by having plants growing in it. Some years ago half glazed oil jars from Italy could be easily obtained, but now the supply is limited, and the aver- age amateur landscapist must rely on the dealers in terra cotta and cement for such wares. Some of the articles now offered by dealers — stock forms in burnt clay — have real merit of a freehand quality not often found in America. They may be had in unglazed red or in a variety of soft glazed tints. In a formal garden the more his- 290 July, 1915 T H E GARDE N M A G A Z I N E 291 toric forms of ornament are excusable, espec- ially the gazing-globe, which reflects in min- iature the surroundings and gives a some- what unusual feature much liked by some people. The base for the support of a gazing globe may be of cast cement, stone, wood, or terra cotta, and any one of a hundred designs would be suitable. Some mention must be made of the sun dial, if only for a word of warning. This object is perhaps the most abused and overworked detail in the garden, large or small. Nice little sun dials have been put in shady corners, or having the index set up with no relation to the earth’s orbit which of course are anachronisms. Digni- fied and statuesque sun dials have been put in pocket edition lawns, and seem like fune- real monuments mourning the insignificance of their surroundings. Machine made sun dials, without grace or beauty, have been planted by the department stores through- out the country, apparently for the sole reason that “everybody’s doing it.” Fan- tastic sundials are not appropriate to the American background. At the sides or end of the garden, when The bird bath must be shallow and not sharply inclined, to give the birds a sense of security and comfort in the water the plan is closed with hedges, trees, or walls, is the logical place for seats and tables, where the visitor may rest and take in the surroundings with advantage, and where tea parties and idlers may be sheltered from the sun and wind. These details even more than the single ornamental feature should be in keeping with the rest of the place. If the house be wood or masonry or of some marked architectural style, take that into consideration. Do not put arts-and-crafts attempts at quaintness next a prim colonial cottage, nor a near-marble Grecian seat supported by allegorical animals against a shinglesque, comfortable, American home, and remember, a stiff machine-made per- gola with no vines and no shelter is not an asset, even though it be the first aid to the landscape architect. Rustic seats of field stone may be built against banks or under trees but care should be used that the rocks selected are well weathered and set with the mossy side up. A cement bench of the simplest lines would lend itself to any garden style. But the wooden seat is even more adapt- able. It may be bought or made in almost any form, from the red cedar settee to the trim colonial bench, with high back and solid curved arms, painted a decorous white. Ordinary tile brick, harmonizing with the material of the house, may be used for fountain basins, well heads, etc. as in this garden at Lake Minnetonka, Minnesota T II E G A R D E N M A G AZIN E July, 1915 292 Cement forms of large size and of various shapes can now be had from domestic manu- A garden seat of concrete on the simplest lines fits into any scheme of garden construction, facturers in many different colors. They fit appropriately into our garden schemes and can never be out of place In a case like this the owner should make his own sketches to be worked out by the carpenter and introduce outlines to suit his fancy, or monograms and symbols, or echo some salient design in the house. A simple bird shelter is a charming ad- dition to any lawn or planting and the bird house is equally decorative and, when occupied, enlivening. Here again the es- sential feature is that the architecture of the bird house shall harmonize with that of its surroundings and fit in with the lines of the composition — which is the one moral of this little article. THE WAITING GAME IN ORCHARDS payment of this hundred dollars plus Si 12 for interest and $85 for land and water tax took $297 of the carpenter’s earnings for the first year. The second year when the two and a half acres of peaches were supposed to come into bearing, a late spring frost killed nearly all the blossoms and but a few dozen peaches were picked. So, for a second twelve months nearly $300 was paid out and not a dollar taken in. The past year, the third since the purchase was made, a crop of peaches was brought to maturity. The cost of harvesting and marketing it per box of six to eight dozen peaches was: Box material $ .08 Picking 02 Packing .025 Hauling .05^ A Precautionary Note to the Unwary By F. L. CLARK, IOWA. TN BUYING a young orchard or raw land to set out to fruit trees there are several things to figure upon besides the profits which will pile up after the orchard begins to bear. Especially is this true in the Western irrigated fruit areas where the cost of land and water is high. The experience of an orchardist known to the writer in one of the Western fruit val- leys is a case in point and may serve as an illustration of what playing the waiting game in orchards means unless a good sized bank account is available. The man is a carpenter earning five dollars a day. He has a wife and three children. Up to three years ago the family had not only lived com- fortably upon the father’s earnings but enough had been saved to buy a home. Then, fired with the stories of the big money some of his neighbors were making in fruit and finding a rancher who had a five acre orchard which he would trade for a house in town, the man decided to buy. The price of the land was $450 an acre. The home was turned in at $850 and a mortgage for the remaining $1,400 given at 8 per cent., the current rate of interest. The orchard was in three-year old trees, half apples and half peaches. Unable to take care of the ranch himself with the family bread and butter depending upon his daily earnings, the man hired a neighbor at $100 a year to irrigate, cultivate and look after the trees while he himself continued to live in town and work at his trade. The Total $ .18 Four hundred and forty boxes were This large cement urn is a type of American manufacture that has excellent proportions, and is every bit as good as the historical Italian article packed and shipped, 95 per cent, of them extra fancy Elbertas. The first returns from the commission firm which handled them were for 145 boxes. They read: Selling price $ 83.20 Freight _ $ 43.50 ) „ Commission .... 8.30 | ^ ' Net $ 31.40 or about 21^ cents a box for the 145. This left a margin of profit of only 3! cents a box above the mere expense of harvesting and selling. The returns received a little later from the remainder of the 440 boxes ranged from $.17 to $.25. When the final state- ment was in the orchardist found he was just $15.40 better off than he would have been if he had let the peaches rot on the trees. He had invested in the land $850 plus three times $297 or $1,741 in all and received in return $15.40. The house which he had traded for the land would have rented at ten dollars a month with a clear profit above repairs, insurance and taxes of probably seven dollars. This for the three years would have amounted to $252. Considering this loss in with the expenditure of $1,741 the orchard in the three years has cost him $2,000. The man by his own confession is up against it. Taxes and interest will soon again be due and he has neither the money to pay them nor the heart to go on sinking more of his earnings which are needed for the actual family maintenance. Two al- ternatives face him; either to lose the land and all he has put into it or sell out. The story of the carpenter is the story of many others who are just now playing the waiting game in orcharding. There is money in fruit growing and lots of it, but in the case of the young orchard, it is for the man who is prepared financially and can spend heavily for several years with no returns. Rosa xanthina. Both double and single flowered forms of this rose were raised and are now growing and flowering in the Arnold Arboretum from seeds received in April, 1908, from F. N. Meyer, through the U. S. Department of Agriculture. In my “ Story of the Modern Rose”, in last month’s number of The Garden Magazine, the statement that it “ was only introduced to cultivation a year ago” is, therefore, an error. — E. H. Wilson. Water for the Garden and Home — By Geo. L. Robinson, MAKING USE OF A NATURAL SUPPLY BY BRINGING SPRINGS, ETC. INTO PROPER CONTROL- QUESTIONS OF COST, AS COMPARED WITH THE PUBLIC SERVICE SUPPLY WHEN AVAILABLE SOME time ago a man in New Jersey bought a property on which, at the foot of a wooded hill, there was a strip of very damp ground. Before the location of his new house and outbuildings was deter- mined he was advised by his engineer to try to develop in this wet spot a plan for creating a spring. Following this sug- gestion a trench some five hundred feet long and four feet deep was opened and four-inch porous field tile was laid leading to a concrete spring house. This house was located in the centre of the line and the tile had a pitch of about three feet in each direction. At the end of ten days after the tile was in place a flow of fine water was received in the spring house at the rate of about fifteen gallons per minute. The topography of the property was such that his house, barns and gardens could be placed to receive their water supply from a distributing and storage reservoir fed from the spring house above. A four-inch vitrified pipe was laid at a very light grade in a trench about four feet deep to the reservoir. The reservoir was designed to hold 20,000 gallons of water. It was built of reinforced concrete and divided into two compart- ments, and the outlet placed to draw from either or both compartments. An over- flow extended to the ground surface to take care of any excess flow beyond the daily consumption. Each compartment was provided with a floor drain and outside valve so it could be drawn off and cleaned if that should ever prove necessary. The concrete roof was covered with two feet of earth which kept the water at a very even temperature of a most pleasant coolness. Manhole openings were brought to grade and provided with properly screened, framed ventilator covers locked in place. This entire plant cost complete $4,000. It has been in use for nearly five years, through dry and wet seasons, and has given continued satisfaction and ample supply of water. Not far from this same property there was a stream of such size and fall that the owner was able to install an hydraulic ram. The water had been given a series of tests for its purity and was found to be excellent although the stream passed through quite a large drainage area. A survey and levels disclosed the fact that by putting a very small concrete dam across the stream the drive pipe could be carried along the bank to the ram below. The hydraulic ram is a machine working automatically to use the power of water Concrete construction may be used effectively in making an ornamental well head. The superstructure of wood is designed to carry trailing vines which will drape the whole 293 294 T H E GARDEN M A G A Z I N E July, 1915 having a fall, or “head,” to raise part of the flow to an elevated point. It utilizes the principle commonly known as “water hammer.” The installation of such a.plant depends, as above described, on a con- siderable amount of power water together with a direct or separate supply fit for domestic uses. This particular installation is pumping to an elevated tank on a rocky knoll well screened from the surrounding landscape. The tank is of five thousand- gallon capacity and its bottom is some fifteen feet higher than the ridge of the house and perhaps thirty feet higher than the farm buildings. In this outfit there is a three-inch drive pipe of galvanized wrought iron and an inch and a quarter delivery. The cost of The hydraulic ram will pump from a spring or well, using water from a stream for its operation the installation, including the concrete dam, was $523. Much interest developed over the success of the plant in the cold winter weather. While ice formed around the stones where the splash of the overflow struck, the ram itself has worked perfectly. This particular form of pumping ma- chine can be used where there is fall and flow enough for a great variety of uses. It will work against a pneumatic as well as an elevated tank. The deep well, which is the most common source of water supply, opens up a problem which puts up to the owner at once the choice of a very great number of excellent equipments. It is not always that the best for one well may prove the best for the next case. Here the experience of the engineer is of great value. His knowledge of the record of past performance of the several deep well cylinders, power heads, engines and motors will govern the choice quite as much as price. Some firms manufacture machines of such a substantial character that the weight of the castings runs up the price so that it appears like a great discrepancy in the bids submitted. The strength and excellence of design, however, may more than com- pensate the owner by length of the life of the machine, less need of repairs and smoothness in running. Such questions as the yield of the well under constant pumping, depth of water from surface, etc., must be considered. The type of cylinder — single or double acting — form of rod couplings, length and speed of stroke at the power head, direct or belt drive, horse power and style of engine, fuel oil, kerosene, gasolene, electric or windmill. The costs range with the size and elaborateness of the outfit. For a cost example, a man in West- chester County, New York, had a 300-foot well, 6-inch bore, mostly in rock, which cost $1,800 to drive. It yielded twenty gallons per minute on a twenty-four hours’ pump- ing test with the water standing thirty-four feet from the surface. The equipment installed was as follows: 1,100 feet of 3-inch galvanized wrought iron pipe in a trench 4^ feet deep; 210 feet of 2-inch galvanized wrought iron pipe in a trench \\ feet deep; three fire hydrants; frame pump house 10 by 8 feet with shingled sides and roof, one double door, one window, brick chimney and stove; one deep well rig with power head, sucker rods, deep well cylinder; one 3 horse- power gasolene engine, belt drive so placed that the belt can be slipped off and used in through the door for wood saw; one 10,000-gallon wooden tank with walk, rail, ladder and gauge all mounted in a 30-foot steel tower. Total cost of above, $3,300. Hence the cost of water to the owner might be estimated thus: Well $1,800 Plant 3,300 Total $5,100 Interest at 6 per cent $ 306 Depreciation 5 per cent 255 Repairs 1 per cent 51 Operating — oil, fuel and labor 126 Total $738 Supposing there is pumped 3,000 gallons per day for 340 days in the year, we have a total pumpage of 1,020,000 gallons at the cost of $738, or the cost per gallon is $0.00073, or about $2.19 per day. Allow- ing 150 gallons per head if there were 20 No. 42- $3.: »0 Beautiful Rustic Fern Boxes and Cut Flower Vases Just the thing for table and house decorations, or as gilts at weddings, parties, etc. No. 29 — Filled $1.75 Without Plant $1.25 No. 42 — Filled $2.50 Without Ferns $1.75 No. 38 — Cut Flower Holder $1.50 All have metal tiays. All by Parcels Post prepaid THE CEDAR FERNS CO., Toms River, N. J. WINDOW BOXES COMPLETE Write or ’Phone PLANT CRAFTSMEN New York Office 16 EAST 33d STREET ’Phone 123 Murray Hill All branches of Landscape and Garden Work 3ELPH1A. 'Lt-rriiA. < SHOWROOM' AH0WAY Pottery^ DOUBLES THE GARDEN S CHARM r 7® hough your Garden he Small, a V^/ Sun dial .Bird Font or Gazing Globe adds the Essential touch.whileyourPlants will bave New Beauty in Artistic GAliOWAY Pots. Boxes and Vases. A Wealth of Suggestions for Making your Garden Attractive will be found in our Catalogue which we will mail upon request GAIiOWAY TERRA COTTA CO. 13214 WALNUT STREET, &.AHSMAN BLDG..39ZSST.eASTOF FIFTH AV£. DFCORATIONS FOR THE SIMPLE HOUSE GARDEN Of the many joys of country living perhaps none holds so much interest for the garden lover as does the decoration and furnishing of his beloved garden. Cer- tain it is that few subjects require more serious and careful consideration than this one of properly selecting and placing those articles which will prove themselves not only artistic and agreeable to their immediate sur- roundings, but which will also fit in to the general garden scheme and perspective. Naturally the flowers themselves, their arrangement, etc., claim the majority of attention, but the thoughtful gardener knows that the beauty of these lovely friends is heightened and their picturesque effect is enhanced through the contrast afforded by the use of fountains, sun dials, urns and other objects of interest. There is an erroneous idea abroad that such decor- ations are suitable only to large gardens. Indeed the contrary is more nearly correct. In England, where almost every known type of garden is to be found, the small garden has been brought to the highest refinement of artistic effect, through the use of these decorations. The careful observer will note that in all of these small gardens simplicity is the key-note and is respon- sible for whatever suc- cess has been attained. In fact the exploita- tion of simplicity is most necessary. The garden lover who is looking for decorative garden furnishings should ponder the sub- ject with close attention to his garden plan, eliminating the use of every piece however much coveted, selecting finally only those ar- ticles whose designs and proportions are in keep- ing with the garden plan and whose utility is at once apparent. Fortunately for us the way is easy. Clever manufacturers have an- ticipated the growing demand for garden dec- orations, with the re- sult that there is to be found a wide and artistic line of these interesting articles. Nor are the prices exorbitant. One may find what he wants at almost any cost, an item that is not to be lightly disregarded when planning the garden decorations. Among the many beautiful objects to be found, whose prices place them within the reach of everyone, the bird bath illustrated here is one of the most attractive. Of ivory tinted pottery, the delicate tracery patterns on the pedestal and the fiutings of the bowl have a dis- tinction not often found in such pieces. It is 33J inches tall by 16 inches wide and sells at $14.00. Unusual too is the sun-dial shown here where the butterfly wings mark off the fleeting hours on a sun- flower dial. This fascinating conceit in bronze will prove a charming addition to any garden. J. C. M. Ivory tinted pottery is the material of this charming decorated bird bath. It is 33! inches tall by 16 inches wide and sells at $14.00. The innate charm of this dial is enhanced by mounting it on an unexpected stone in the informal garden. Garden Basket — Designed for the woman who cares for her own garden. Made of Oak, or Dark Gieen Willow, leatherette lined, and contains everything necessary for gardening. Price $10.50. Other Baskets at $8.50 and $11.00 and the Gar- den Basket de Luxe at $19.00. Send for the booklet at onee, or better still come in and let us show you. JWIS&(?0NGER Home Furnishings 45th Street and Sixth Avenue, New York THE pleasure that your gar- den and the care of it may afford you is greatly enhanced by the use of the correct equipment. Let us send you a booklet showing our complete line. There is no better equipment obtainable any- where, and the assortment covers every conceivable need. A few items are shown below: t — Dibbler, for planting $ .25 2— Fern Trowel (with leather) .75 3 — Bulb Planter I sheath f 1.00 4 Barrows Pruner (only pruner that cuts clean without bruising) 2.50 5 — Daisy Grubber, for weeding (with long handle to prevent stooping) .56 In writing to advertisers please mention The Garden Magazine THE GARDEN MAGAZINE July, 1915 .‘302 CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING DEPARTMENT DAHLIAS TO DEMONSTRATE DAHLIAS PLANTED IN JULY will give exhibition quality blooms, we will send you the wonderful new Paeony Dahlia “John Wanamaker” and 12 our selection, all named, prepaid for S3. 00. Send for catalogue of World’s Best Dahlias. Peacock Dahlia Farms, Berlin, N. J. DAHLIAS. For the benefit of those who would like to see samples of my dahlias and cannot visit my gardens, I will send a sample box of flowers a short distance after Sept. 1st, 50 blossoms labeled for $1.00, express collect. Geo. L. Stillman, Dahlia Specialist, West- erly, R. I. FENCE AND WIRE WORKS FENCE FOR EVERY PURPOSE. Lawns, gardens, rose gardens, tennis courts, dog and chicken runs, also window and tree guards, weather-vanes, furnished and erected complete. Let us know your wants. A. E. Brook, 37 Barclay Street, New York City. FOR USE IN THE GARDEN STAKE HERBACEOUS PLANTS, Gladioli, Lilies, etc., with Japan Bamboo Stakes. “They Last.” NATURAL COLOR 50 IOO 250 IOOO 6 ft. long .60 Si. 00 $2.50 $7-5° 8 ft. “ .85 1.50 3.00 10.00 EXTRA HEAVY BAMBOO POLES For Dahlias, Polebeans, young Trees, Tomatoes 12 50 ioo 6 ft. long.f inch up in diameter S 75 $2.5° $ 4 00 6 ft. long, | inch to 1 inch diameter 1.25 4.00 7-5° 8 ft. long, f “ “ “ “ “ 1.75 b oo 10.00 green colored (Invisible) 50 100 250 1000 2 ft. long .35 .60 $1.50 $ 4- 50 3 ft. “ 45 -75 1-75 6 00 4 ft. “ .60 $1.00 2.50 7.50 5 ft. “ .85 1.50 3.50 10.00 H. H. Berger & Co., 70 Warren St., New York BEES. Keep them in your garden for honey and money. We supply Italian Bees, Hives, Books, etc. Catalog Free. “Gleanings in Bee Culture,” 6 months’ trial 25c. The A. 1. Root Co., Medina, Ohio. SHOWER SPRAYERS. For lawn or tree, an exact duplicate of rain. Unequalled for keeping lawns fresh and green. Reade & McKenna, 6i4~6oth Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. FRUITS STRAWBERRY PLANTS, pot-grown and runner for summer and fall planting. Will bear fruit next summer. Catalogue free. Harry L. Squires, Remsenbuig, N. Y. GRASS SPECIALIST WORN OUT LAWNS RENOVATED. 20 years’ experience in the production and renovation of lawns, tennis courts, golf courses, etc. Write for valuable instructive booklet, “Practical illustrations of Turf Production.” William Tucker, Grass and Turf Specialist, 35 Nassau Street, New York. HERBACEOUS AND FLOWERING PLANTS THE HIGHWAY TO PERENNIALS leads straight to the Pali- sades Nurseries for old-fashioned gardens and hardy borders. There you will find all kinds and you can take your pick from the best that grow. Perennials add a feeling of permanency to your home sur- roundings. They change their plumage but not their face, and keep reflecting the seasons all the year around. Write. The Palisades Nursery, Sparkill, N. Y. LARKSPUR, GOLD MEDAL HYBRIDS, nice plants, dozen, Si. 50; Double Blue Corn flowers, dozen, 50 cents; Single Violets for fall delivery, fine plants, dozen, $1.25; hundred, $8.00; extra heavy plants, dozen, $1.75; hundred. Si 2.00; Asters. Late Branch- ing, dozen, 25 cents; hundred, $1.00. No stamps please. Harold L. Brown, Barrington, N. J. CYCLAMENS are the finest winter blooming Plants. We are Specialists, have the latest Novelties. Plants from Flats, five cents; from Pots, ten cents. Orders from Dollar up. Cultural Directions with orders. Christ. Winterick, Cyclamen Specialist, Defiance, O. HARDY “OLD-FASHIONED” FLOWERS, wc can supply strong pot-grown plants during the summer months of Phlox, Hardy Chrysanthemums, Shasta Daisy, Coreopsis, Gaillardia, Lychnis, Physostegia, and Veronica at Si. 50 per dozen; $10.00 per 100. Satisfaction guaranteed. Complete catalog free. W. E. King, Box 386, Little Silver, N. J. CYPRIPEDIUM ACAULE — PINK MOCCASIN FLOWER. Five thousand plants in stock. One dollar per dozen. Seven dollars per hundred, fifty dollars per thousand. Express prepaid. Star flowers and Bunchberrys, 25 cents per dozen. Lilium Philadelphicum, 50 cents per dozen. Melvin D. Andrews, Box 238, York Village, Me. INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES ORMOCIDE. Carbon Bisulphide is acknowledged by agricultural authorities to be one of the most powerful insecticides known. It is the most deadly enemy of all insect life. Its use has been re- stricted due to its volatility and the danger of explosion if its vapors are ignited. In Ormocide we have oveicome these drawbacks without lessening the efficiency and thus make available for your use, the cleanest, safest, and most efficient means for destroying insects, worms of all kinds, scale, larvae, and fungus. It is harmless to trees or plants and will not stain. A trial will convince you that Ormocide is superior to anything in the market, and is a preparation which will solve all your insect troubles. Write for samples and literature. B. Ormont, 104-106 John St., New York City. We also analyze and make reports on fertilizers, waters, foods, soils, and all agricultural products. INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES— Continued ARE YOUR HOUSEPLANTS LOOKING SICK? Franzens’ Plantlife brings them back to health and beauty. A trial can for ioc, by mail. Advise how to care for your plants free. Franzens Seed Store, 5319 No. Clark St., Chicago. APHINE — the well known standard insecticide for aphis, and all sap-sucking insects which infest flowers and vegetables in the gai- den. It will keep your roses, sweet peas, peonies and all plants, free from insects. Endorsed by prominent horticultural authorities. Gill 25c; half pint 40c; pint, 65c; quart $1.00,; gallon, $2.50. FUNGINE— is a concentrated sulphur composition, which, unlike Bordeaux mixture, does not stain, but cleanses the foliage. A specific remedy for mildew, rust and wilt, affecting flowers, fruits and vegetables. Half pint, 30c; pint, 50c; quart, 75c; gallon, $2.00. VERMINE — a soil sterilizer and vermicide. Destroys cut, wire, eel and grub worm, maggots and root lice. Used one pait to four hundred parts of water, thoroughly soaking the ground, it will pro- tect your plants against the ravages of the soil. Gill 25c; half pint, 40c; pint, 65c; quart, $1.00; gallon, $3.00. SC ALINE— an oil and sulphur composition three-in-one: a scali- cide, insecticide and fungicide combined. A most efficient winter spraying material against San Jose and other scale — and a summer spray for aphis and other sap-sucking insects infesting trees, shrubs and hardy plants. It is a marked improvement over the old- fashioned kerosene emulsion and fish oil soaps, moie effective, and more economical. Quart 75c; gallon, Si. 50; ten gallons, $10.00. THE ABOVE NAMED PRODUCTS are for sale by the leading seedsmen throughout the country. If not obtainable in your com- munity, send your order direct to us and we will have it shipped to you from our nearest agency. Aphine Mfg. Co., Mfgrs. of Agri- cultural Chemicals, Madison, N. J. INSECTS on your flowers may be destroyed by using “Readeana” Rose Bug Exterminator. 1 quart, $1.35; 1 gal.. $4.00. WEEDS on roadways and tennis courts permanently removed by using “Herbicide” the Weed Exterminator. Satisfaction guaranteed. Literature gladly sent. The Reade Mfg. Co., Hoboken, N. J. LILIES MR. H. H. BERGER brought the first lilies from Japan to the Pacific Coast in 1877. We imported since millions of these and are still supplying the best in Japan, European, and American Lily Bulbs, including all Novelties. A comprehensive list and descrip- tions will be found in our Fall Bulb Book, ready July. Send for it. H. H. Berger & Co., 70 Warren St., N. Y. NURSERY STOCK HOLLAND-GROWN NURSERY STOCK. A special list of the best hardy Azaleas, Rhododendions, Roses. Boxwood, Evergreens, and other ornamental shrubs will be sent free on request by The Holland America Nursery Co., 100 William St., New York. COLORADO NATIVE SHRUBS, Evergreens, and Flowers for every American Garden, and the best ornamentals for western planters; 40-page catalogue free. Rockmont Nursery, Boulder, Colorado. EVERGREENS for midsummer planting. Forty kinds all sizes. Low prices. Plans supplied in July. Also small Boxwood at low rates per thousands. Rockland Nurseries, Blauvelt, N. Y. PEONIES PEONIES — Red, white or pink — order now for Fall delivery, 35 cents each, $3-5° dozen. State colors wanted. The Carmichael Orchards, Shannock, R. I. P./EONIAS. Mixed choice varieties, white and pink, $1.50 doz., S10.00 per 100. C. Winterich, Defiance, Ohio. OBERLIN’S PEONY GARDENS. Fine and popular varieties. Ask for Catalogue B. Sinking Spring, Pa. PETS BOSTON TERRIERS. Fine markings, good breeding and excel- lent dispositions. I have sold fifty of these fine pets and com- panions to Country Life readers during the past year and satisfied every one. Also Bull Terriers and English Bulldogs. Reasonable prices. Write. Box 330, Garden Magazine, 11 W. 32nd St., New York. HANDSOME SCOTCH COLLIES; Champion Wishaw Clinker Type. Special price if ordered now. Melzar C. Richards, 139 Delaware St., Syracuse, N. Y. ROSECROFT FARM, MIDDLEBUSH. N. J. Airedale terriers, from three months old up. Bred from highest class sires and dams only. Write for description and prices. POULTRY BARRED ROCKS, THOMPSON’S STRAIN. Best layers. Eggs Two Dollars Fifty Cents for setting of fifteen. We guarantee satisfaction. Staplehurst Poultry Yards, Fort Smith, Ark. ROSES DINGEE ROSES. Pot grown plants safely transplanted any time during the growing season. Can be sent with the soil on the roots. Send for Guide to Rose Culture Free. The Dingee & Conard Co., West Grove, Pa. PLANT THE BEST red garden rose “Ahrenberg.” $3.00 per dozen prepaid. Henry Eichholz, Waynesboro, Pa. SEEDS, BULBS AND FLOWER-ROOTS OUR FRENCH BULBS arrive in August. Lilium Candidum, the Madonna Lily, Paperwhite and Golden Sun Narcissus, French Roman Hyacinths, white, rose, blue. Silver Spur Trumpet Nar- cissus, Freesias, Oxalis, Lil. Harrisii from Bermuda. All for Christ- mas forcing. OUR HOLLAND BULBS, arrive September — October. Tulips, Hyacinths, Narcissii, Crocus. Iris, Paeonias, etc. Send list of wants- We estimate and save you at least 10 to 15% on all orders received by July fifteenth. Our fall bulb book ready in July. H. H. Berger & Co 70 Warren St., New York. IRISES. We have the most complete collection of Irises in the world. No Garden is complete without some of these most pop- ular of hardy garden flowers. The next planting season begins in August. Catalog on request. The Gardens, Dayton, O. IRISES. Eight choice varieties, all labeled, including Pallida, Dalmatica, Florentina, Black Prince, and Madame Chereau, de- livered postpaid for one dollar. August delivery only. Order now. Oronogo Flower Gardens, Carthage, Mo. SITUATIONS WANTED POSITION WANTED as Gardener or Superintendent on private estate. Life experience in all branches of horticulture and estate management. Character will bear strictest investigation. C. W. W., care of Garden Magazine, Garden City, N. Y. GARDEN, FARM, AND DAIRY HELP. Furnished gentlemen’s estates. References investigated. Mathewson Agency, 818- 6th Ave., New York. Tel., 378 Bryant. LADY WISHING EXPERIENCE, poultry and gardening, offers services for board and instruction. July. References. Miss Hedley, 20 Lincoln Avenue, Montreal. VEGETABLES CELERY. Strong transplanted plants. Golden Self Blanching grown from originators French grown seed, 65c per 100, postpaid; $5.00 per 1000 by express. White plume, W inter Queen, and Giant Pascal, 55c per 100 postpaid; $3.50 per 1000 by express. J. J. Clayton & Son., West Grove, Pa. PLANTS PARCEL POSTPAID. AH varieties, Tomato, Cabbage. Celery, Beet, Sweet Potato, Cauliflower, Aster. Four dozen, 25 cents; 100, 35 cents; 500, 75 cents; 1000, $1.35. Catalog. Click Plant Farms, Smoketown, Pa. CABBAGE. Best kinds, late varieties, strong plants from new soil, 35c per 100, postpaid, $1.50 per 1000 by express. J. J. Clayton & Son, Wrest Grove, Pa. WEEDS WATERW’EEDS of all kinds are easily removed from lakes, ponds, streams, etc., by the Submarine Weed Cutting Saw; send for par- ticulars. Aschert Bros., West Bend, Wis. MISCELLANEOUS JAPANESE TEA GARDEN made most unique and artistic in short time, in any part of U. S. and Canada. T. R. Otsuka, 414 South Michigan Blvd., Chicago, 111. BARW'ELL’S IMPORTED ENGLISH LAWN GRASS SEED and Barwell’s complete Lawn and Garden Fertilizer at your dealers or Blatchford’s Calf Meal Factory, W’aukegan, 111. Business established at 15 to 19 Cank St., Leicester, England in 1800. THOROUGHBRED PLANTINGS at Klairdale Keystone Florist & Seed Co., Connellsville, Pa., Box 813. GARDEN LECTURERS MR. ROBERT PYLE — the well known Garden Lecturer and Rosarian invites correspondence from garden lovers and societies. Subject — “The American Rose Garden,” illustrated with finely colored lantern slides. Address: West Grove, Penn. BOOKS FOR THE GARDEN ENTHUSIAST SPECIALTY BOOKS. Wre are widely known throughout the United States as publishers of practical text books on specific horti- cultural subjects. W7e offer Commercial Carnation Culture, $1.50 Fruits and Vegetables under Glass, $5.00; Gardeners’ and Florists* Annual, 50c.; Success with House Plants, $1.00; Practical Land- scape Gardening (in preparation); Practical Plant Culture. $1.50; Plant Propagation (in preparation); Commercial Rose Culture, $1.50; Sweet Peas for Profit, $1.50; Commercial Violet Culture. $1.50; The Book of W'ater Gardening, $2.50. Sent postpaid on receipt of price. Sample pages on application. The De La Mare Co., 438 West 37th St., New York, publishers of horticultural literature since 1888. DO YOU KNOW' THE TREES? Hough’s Handbook of Trees will teach you to love them. Photo-descriptive. Sample pages sent. Romeyn B. Hough Co., Box 20, Lowville, N. Y. "HOW TO GROW7 ROSES” — an instructive booklet of 10 delight- ful chapters, describing 101 prize winners. Price ioc. The Conard & Jones Co., Box 24, West Grove. Pa. “BOOK OF THE CANNA” — a history and treatise describing ro8 best Cannas. Free. Write now; season here. The Conard & Jones Co., Box 24, West Grove, Pa. In writing to advertisers please mention the Garden Magazine. GARDEN FURNITURE Brooder No. 3 Poultry House — 2 units Setting Coop Hodgson Portable Houses BROODER can be operated out-of-doors in zero weather with little attention or expense. 50 to 100 chicks. No. 3 POULTRY HOUSE-Fitted complete for 60 hens-8x2Q feet $110.00. First pen, $60.00 ; additional pens, $50.00 each. Red Cedar, vermin-proof. SETTING COOP to set a hen in and brood her chicks. $3.00. All neatly painted and quickly bolted together. Send for illustrated catalogue. E. F. HODGSON C0.{ Room 311, 116 WASHINGTON ST.. BOSTON, MASS.\ CRAFTSMAN BLDG., 6 EAST 39th ST., NEW YORK/ Address all corre- spondence to Boston Send for catalogue showing a great variety of benches, chairs, tables, etc., in rustic and .painted, NORTH SHORE FERNERIES CO. Beverly, Mass. New York Showroom: Craftsman Building, East 39th Street Gardens Harmony in color and design, balance, the spring garden and the summer gar- den, garden accessories, borders and many other tilings of absorbing interest to any one who loves to make things grow, are talked about by an expert in THE WELL-CONSIDERED GARDEN By MRS. FRANCIS KING President of the Women’s National Agri- cultural and Horticultural Association. Illustrated. $ 2.00 net CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS MORE FRUIT ££ 5,XifC San Jose Scale, Aphis. White Fly, etc., by spraying with GOOD'SSSFISH OIL SOAP N?3 Kills all tree pests without injury to trees. Fertilizes the soil and aids healthy growth. cpcc Our valuable book on Tree and r IvLL Plant Diseases. Write today. JAMES GOOD, Original Maker. 931 N. Front Street, Philadelphia German Iris Ask QVER 25 distinct varieties; may be set now and estab- lished for next year’s flowering. Also several forms of Iris pu- mila, Japanese iris and Siberian for catalogue of Cold Weather Plants. F. H. HORSFORD. Charlotte, Vermont A BIRD BATH OF SHARONWARE If you wish to at- tract the birds, give them plenty of fresh water for bathing and drinking. Where water is not naturally abundant, a bird bath, such as the one illustrat- ed, should be used. It emp- ties itself every 24 hours, thereby making it sanitary. This bath is so constructed that the bfirds may bathe in water from an eighth of an inch to tw»o inches deep. It is 17 inches in diameter, 6 inches high and weighs 30 lbs. It is decorative, ar- tistic and practical, and can be secured in various colors. Price, $3-So, F. O. B. New York. Crating charge on out-of-town orders, 30 cents extra. Sharon ware, the new frost-proof cement garden furnishings, win- dow boxes, jardiniers, flower pots, bird baths, garden seats, etc. Sharonware Workshop, 42 Lexington Ave. , New York City Bob White Quail Partridges and Pheasants Capercailzies, Black Game, Wild Turkeys, Quails, Rabbits, Deer, etc., for stocking purposes. Fancy Pheasants, Peafowl. Swans, Cranes, Storks. Ornamental Geese and Ducks, Foxes, Squirrels, Ferrets, etc., aud all kinds of birds and animals. WILLIAM J. MACKENSEN, Naturalist Dept. 55, Pheasantry and Game Park YARDLEY, PA. SCHOOL OF HORTICULTURE FOR WOMEN ( / 8 Miles from Philadelphia ) Fall Term of regular two-year course begins Sept. 14th . Practical and theoretical training in the grow ing of fruits, vegetables and flowers. Simple carpentry. Bees. Poultry. Preserving. School Gardening and the Principles of Landscape Gardening. Constant de- mand for trained women to fill salaried positions. Write for Catalogue. Je*aie T. Mui^iin. Director I L L E T T ’ S Hardy Ferns and Flowers For Dark, Shady Places We have Lilies. Trilliuins, Erythroniums. Claytonias and many other bulbs; other Ferns and plants. Send for our descriptive catalogue of over 80 pages, which tells all about our Plants and Bulbs. It’s FREE. EDWARD GILLETT. 3 Main Street, Southwick, Mass. IRISES EXCLUSIVELY Plant them from August to November Catalog on request THE GARDENS DAYTON, OHIO ORCHIDS Largest importers and growers of Orchids in the United States Send twenty-five cents for catalogue. This amount will be refunded on your first order. LAGER & HURRELL Orchid Growers and Importers SUMMIT, N. J. Don’t Cut Out A SHOE BOIL, CAPPED HOCK OR BURSITIS FOR will remove them and leave no blemishes. Reduces any puff or swelling. Does not blister or remove the hair, and horse can be worked. $2 a bottle delivered. Book 6 K free. W. F. YOUNG, P. D. F., 152 Temple Street, Springfield, Mass. HOLLAND BULBS Send for our Special List of Choicest DARWIN, BREEDER and REMBRANDT TULIPS and rare NARCISSI to be ordered before JULY 25th We will also send our Autumn Catalogue containing a full list of Bulbs and Per- ennials which may be ordered at any time. FRANKEN BROTHERS Deerfield, 111. Hicks’ Hardy Flowers, Shrubs Trees for July Planting ^ VACANT trees now? Have them now. ii .Maples and Lindens, 15 ft. wide, 1 Guaranteed. « 18 years old, delivered with several tons of earth, within 50 miles of New York. Flowering shrubs in boxes that you can plant and enjoy now. Hardy flowers in pots. Are there vacant spots in your garden to fill with Phlox? Let us send you some cut flowers free, showing the color of the best varieties. Evergreens up to 25 ft., may be planted all summer. Carload shipments 1,000 miles. Let us send you free, 2 White Spruce. 4 ft. high. Excel- lent for the seashore and mountains. Send for our catalog. By all means, visit our Nursery, if possible, and pick out just the Trees, Shrubs and Flowers you want. fficks ]reg5 Jericho Isaac Hicks & Son 1 uni [ .it: Westburu . Loruf Island Hammond’s Cattle Comfort” Sold by Seedsmen and Merchants u Hammond’s Cattle Comfort” Trade Mark Keeps Cows, Horses or Mules free from Flies, Gnats and other pests. It is cheap and effective. For pam- phlet on Bugs and Blights" write to HAMMOND’S SLUG SHOT WORKS, City of Beacon, N. Y. REVERE RUBBER COMPANY MANUFACTURERS OF THE LAST WORD IN MOULDED HOSE MADE IN 500 FT. LENGTHS Non-Kinking Hose ZENITH” WRITE FOR PRICES AND SAMPLES This line has all the advantages of the old style wrapped and modern braided hose combined. MOGUL” Old Style Readily Kinks REVERO WORKS: CHELSEA, MASS. PROVIDENCE, R. I. BRANCHES: Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Chicago, Minneapolis, New Orleans, Kansas City, Mo., San Francisco, Portland, Ore. THE COUNTRY LIFE PRESS. GARDEN CITY, NEW YORK New York Botanical Garden Library 5185 00252 74